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VIDYASAGAR UNIVERSITY

Curriculum for 3-Year BSc (HONOURS)

Mathematics

Under Choice Based Credit System (CBCS)

w.e.f 2017-2018

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Year Semes Course Course Course Title Credit L-T-P Marks
ter Type Code CA ESE TOTAL
Semester-III
2 III Core-5 C5T: Theory of Real Functions & Introduction to Metric 6 5-1-0 15 60 75
Space
Core-6 C6T: Group Theory - I 6 5-1-0 15 60 75
Core-7 C7T: Numerical Methods 6 4-0-0 15 60 75
CP7: -Lab 0-0-4
GE-3 TBD 6 4/5 15 60 75
2/1
SEC-1 SEC-1: Object Oriented Programming in C++ Or SEC-1: Logic & 2 1-1-0 10 40 50
Sets
Semester – III : total 26 350
Semester-IV
IV Core-8 C8T: Riemann Integration and Series of Functions 6 5-1-0 15 60 75
Core-9 C9T: Multivariate Calculus 6 5-1-0 15 60 75
Core- C10T: Ring Theory & Linear Algebra 6 5-1-0 15 60 75
10
GE-4 TBD 6 4/5 15 60 75
2/1
SEC-2 SEC-2: Graph Theory Or SEC-2: Computer Graphics Or 2 1-1-0 10 40 50
SEC-2: Operating System: Linux
Semester – IV : total 26 350

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Year Semes Course Course Course Title Credit L-T-P Marks
ter Type Code CA ESE TOTAL
Semester-V
3 V Core- C11T: Partial Differential Equations & Applications 6 5-1-0 15 60 75
11
Core- C12T:Group Theory II 6 5-1-0 15 60 75
12
DSE-1 DSE-1: Linear Programming Or DSE-1: Point Set 6 15 60 75
Topology Or DSE-1: Theory of Equations
DSE-2 DSE-2: Probability & Statistics Or DSE-2: Boolean algebra 6 15 60 75
and Automata Theory Or DSE-2: Portfolio Optimization
Semester –V : total 24 300
Semester-VI
VI Core- C13T: Metric Spaces and Complex Analysis 6 5-1-0 15 60 75
13
Core- C14T: Ring Theory & Linear Algebra II 6 5-1-0 15 60 75
14
DSE-3 DSE-3: Mechanics Or DSE-3: Number Theory Or DSE-3: 6 15 60 75
Industrial Mathematics
DSE-4 DSE-4: Mathematics Modeling Or DSE-4: Differential Geometry 6 15 60 75
Or DSE-4: Bio Mathematics
Semester – VI : total 24 300

Total in all semester: 142 1900

CC = Core Course , AECC = Ability Enhancement Compulsory Course , GE = Generic Elective , SEC = Skill Enhancement Course , DSE =
Discipline Specific Elective , CA= Continuous Assessment , ESE= End Semester Examination , TBD=To be decided , CT = Core Theory,
CP=Core Practical , L = Lecture, T = Tutorial ,P = Practical , MIL = Modern Indian Language , ENVS = Environmental Studies .

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List of Core Course (CC)
CC-1: Calculus, Geometry &Differential Equation
CC-2: Algebra
CC-3: Real Analysis
CC-4: Differential Equations & Vector Calculus
CC-5: Theory of Real Functions& Introduction to Metric Space
CC-6: Group Theory 1
CC-7: Numerical Methods
CC-8: Riemann Integration and Series of Functions
CC-9: Multivariate Calculus
CC-10: Ring Theory and Linear Algebra I
CC-11: Partial Differential Equations & Applications
CC-12: Group Theory II
CC-13: Metric Spaces and Complex Analysis
CC-14: Ring Theory and Linear Algebra II
Discipline Specific Electives (DSE)
DSE-1: Linear Programming
Or
DSE-1: Point Set Topology
Or
DSE-1: Theory of Equations

DSE-2: Probability & Statistics

Or
DSE-2: Boolean algebra and Automata Theory
Or
DSE-2: Portfolio Optimization

DSE-3: Mechanics
Or
DSE-3: Number Theory
Or
DSE-3: Industrial Mathematics

DSE-4: Mathematics Modeling

Or
DSE-4: Differential Geometry
Or
DSE-4: Bio Mathematics

Skill Enhancement Course (SEC)

SEC-1: Object Oriented Programming in C++

Or
SEC-1: Logic & Sets
SEC-2: Graph Theory
Or
SEC-2: Computer Graphics
Or
SEC-2: Operating System: Linux

GE-1: Calculus, Geometry & Differential Equation

GE -2 : Algebra

GE-3: Differential Equation & Vector Calculus

Or
GE-3: Group Theory-1
Or
GE-3: Theory of Real Functions & Introduction to Metric Space

GE-4: Numerical Methods

Or
GE-4: Partial Differential Equations & Applications [This course must be offered
after complete the course Differential Equations & Vector Calculus (GE-
3)]
Or
GE-4: Ring Theory and Linear Algebra I
Or
GE-4: Multivariate Calculus

C1T: Calculus, Geometry &Differential Equation

Unit 1
Hyperbolic functions, higher order derivatives, Leibnitz rule and its applications to
problems of typeeax+bsinx, eax+bcosx, (ax+b)nsinx, (ax+b)ncosx, concavity and inflection
points, envelopes, asymptotes, curve tracing in cartesian coordinates, tracing in polar
coordinates of standard curves, L’Hospital’s rule, applications in business, economics and
life sciences.

Unit 2
Reduction formulae, derivations and illustrations of reduction formulae of the type
ʃsin nx dx, ʃcosnx dx, ʃtan nx dx, ʃsec nx dx, ʃ(log x)n dx, ʃsinnx sinmx dx, parametric
equations, parameterizing a curve, arc length of a curve, arc length of parametric curves,
area under a curve, area and volume of surface of revolution, techniques of sketching
conics.

Unit 3
Reflection properties of conics, rotation of axes and second degree equations,
classification of conics using the discriminant, polar equations of conics.
Spheres. Cylindrical surfaces. Central conicoids, paraboloids, plane sections ofconicoids,
generating lines, classification of quadrics, illustrations of graphingstandard quadric
surfaces like cone, ellipsoid.

Unit 4
Differential equations and mathematical models. General, particular, explicit, implicit and
singular solutions of a differential equation. Exact differential equations and integrating
factors, separable equations and equations reducible to this form, linear equation and
Bernoulli equations, special integrating factors and transformations.

Graphical Demonstration (Teaching Aid)

1. Plotting of graphs of functioneax+b, log(ax + b), 1/(ax + b), sin(ax + b), cos(ax + b),
|ax + b| and to illustrate the effect of a and b on the graph.
2. Plotting the graphs of polynomial of degree 4 and 5, the derivative graph, the
second derivative graph and comparing them.
3. Sketching parametric curves (Eg. trochoid, cycloid, epicycloids, hypocycloid).
4. Obtaining surface of revolution of curves.
5. Tracing of conics in cartesian coordinates/ polar coordinates.
6. Sketching ellipsoid, hyperboloid of one and two sheets, elliptic cone, elliptic,
paraboloid, and hyperbolic paraboloid using cartesian coordinates.

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Reference Books
 G.B. Thomas and R.L. Finney, Calculus, 9th Ed., Pearson Education, Delhi,
2005.
 M.J. Strauss, G.L. Bradley and K. J. Smith, Calculus, 3rd Ed., Dorling
Kindersley (India) P. Ltd. (Pearson Education), Delhi, 2007.
 H. Anton, I. Bivens and S. Davis, Calculus, 7th Ed., John Wiley and Sons
(Asia) P. Ltd., Singapore, 2002.
 R. Courant and F. John, Introduction to Calculus and Analysis (Volumes I &
II), Springer- Verlag, New York, Inc., 1989.
 S.L. Ross, Differential Equations, 3rd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, India, 2004.
 Murray, D., Introductory Course in Differential Equations, Longmans Green
and Co.
 G.F.Simmons, Differential Equations, Tata Mcgraw Hill.
 T. Apostol, Calculus, Volumes I and II.
 S. Goldberg, Calculus and mathematical analysis.

CC-2: Algebra Credits 06

C2T: Algebra

Unit 1
Polar representation of complex numbers, nth roots of unity, De Moivre’s theorem for
rational indices and its applications.
Theory of equations: Relation between roots and coefficients, transformation ofequation,
Descartes rule of signs, cubic and biquadratic equation.
Inequality: The inequality involving AM≥ GM≥ HM, Cauchy-Schwartz inequality.

Unit 2
Equivalence relations. Functions, composition of functions, Invertible functions, one to
one correspondence and cardinality of a set. Well-ordering property of positive integers,
division algorithm, divisibility and Euclidean algorithm. Congruence relation between
integers. Principles of Mathematical induction, statement of Fundamental Theorem of
Arithmetic.

Unit 3
Systems of linear equations, row reduction and echelon forms, vector equations, the matrix
equation Ax=b, solution sets of linear systems, applications of linear systems, linear
independence.

Unit 4
Introduction to linear transformations, matrix of a linear transformation, inverse of a
matrix, characterizations of invertible matrices. Subspaces ofRn, dimension of subspaces
of Rn, rank of a matrix, Eigen values, eigen vectors and characteristic equation of a
matrix.Cayley-Hamilton theorem and its use in
finding the inverseof a matrix.

CC-3 : Real Analysis Credits 06

C3T : Real Analysis

Unit 1
Review of algebraic and order properties of R, ε-neighborhood of a point in R. Idea of
countable sets, uncountable sets and uncountability of R. Bounded above sets, bounded
below sets, bounded sets, unbounded sets. Suprema and infima. Completeness property of
R and its equivalent properties. The Archimedean property, density of rational (and
Irrational) numbers in R, intervals. Limit points of a set, isolated points, open set, closed
set, derived set,illustrations of Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem for sets, compact sets in R,
Heine-Borel Theorem.

Unit 2
Sequences, bounded sequence, convergent sequence, limit of a sequence, liminf, lim sup.
Limit theorems. Monotone sequences, monotone convergence theorem. Subsequences,
divergence criteria. Monotone subsequence theorem (statement only), Bolzano
Weierstrass theorem for sequences. Cauchy sequence, Cauchy’s convergence criterion.

Unit 3
Infinite series, convergence and divergence of infinite series, Cauchy criterion, tests for
convergence: comparison test, limit comparison test, ratio test, Cauchy’s nth root test,
integral test. Alternating series, Leibniz test. Absolute and conditional convergence.

Unit 4

Graphical Demonstration (Teaching aid)

1. Plotting of recursive sequences.
2. Study the convergence of sequences through plotting.
3. Verify Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem through plotting of sequences and hence
identify convergent subsequences from the plot.
4. Study the convergence/divergence of in
5. finite series by plotting their sequences of partial sum.
6. Cauchy's root test by plotting nth roots.
7. Ratio test by plotting the ratio of nth and (n+1)th term.

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Reference Books
 R.G. Bartle and D. R. Sherbert, Introduction to Real Analysis, 3rd Ed., John
Wiley and Sons (Asia) Pvt. Ltd., Singapore, 2002.
 Gerald G. Bilodeau , Paul R. Thie, G.E. Keough, An Introduction to Analysis,
2nd Ed., Jones& Bartlett, 2010.
 Brian S. Thomson, Andrew. M. Bruckner and Judith B. Bruckner, Elementary
Real Analysis, Prentice Hall, 2001.
 S.K. Berberian, a First Course in Real Analysis, Springer Verlag, New York,
1994.
 T. Apostol, Mathematical Analysis, Narosa Publishing House
 Courant and John, Introduction to Calculus and Analysis, Vol I, Springer
 W. Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis, Tata McGraw-Hill
 Terence Tao, Analysis I, Hindustan Book Agency, 2006.
 S. Goldberg, Calculus and mathematical analysis.

CC-4: Differential Equations & Vector Calculus Credits 06

C4T: Differential Equations & Vector Calculus

Unit 1
Lipschitz condition and Picard’s Theorem (Statement only). General solution of
homogeneous equation of second order, principle of super position for homogeneous
equation, Wronskian: its properties and applications, Linear homogeneous and non-
homogeneous equations of higher order with constant coefficients, Euler’s equation,
method of undetermined coefficients, method of variation of parameters.

Unit 2
Systems of linear differential equations, types of linear systems, differential operators, an
operator method for linear systems with constant coefficients,
Basic Theory of linear systems in normal form, homogeneous linear systems with constant
coefficients: Two Equations in two unknown functions.

Unit 3
Equilibrium points, Interpretation of the phase plane
Power series solution of a differential equation about an ordinary point, solutionabout a
regular singular point.

Unit 4
Triple product, introduction to vector functions, operations with vector-valuedfunctions,
limits and continuity of vector functions, differentiation and integration of vector
functions.

Unit 5
Graphical demonstration (Teaching aid)
1. Plotting of family of curves which are solutions of second order differential
equation.

Reference Books
 Belinda Barnes and Glenn R. Fulford, Mathematical Modeling with Case
Studies, A Differential Equation Approach using Maple and Matlab, 2nd Ed.,
Taylor and Francis group, London and New York, 2009.
 C.H. Edwards and D.E. Penny, Differential Equations and Boundary Value
problemsComputing and Modeling, Pearson Education India, 2005.
 S.L. Ross, Differential Equations, 3rd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, India, 2004.
 Martha L Abell, James P Braselton, Differential Equations with
MATHEMATICA, 3rd Ed., Elsevier Academic Press, 2004.
 Murray, D., Introductory Course in Differential Equations, Longmans Green
and Co.
 Boyce and Diprima, Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value
Problems, Wiley.
 G.F.Simmons, Differential Equations, Tata Mc Graw Hill
 Marsden, J., and Tromba, Vector Calculus, McGraw Hill.
 Maity,K.C. and Ghosh, R.K. Vector Analysis, New Central Book Agency (P)
Ltd. Kolkata (India).
 M.R. Speigel, Schaum’s outline of Vector Analysis.

CC-5: Theory of Real Functions& Introduction to Metric Space

Credits 06
C5T: Theory of Real Functions& Introduction to Metric Space

Unit 1
Limits of functions (ε - δ approach), sequential criterion for limits, divergence criteria.
Limit theorems, one sided limits. Infinite limits and limits at infinity. Continuous
functions, sequential criterion for continuity and discontinuity. Algebra of continuous
functions. Continuous functions on an interval, intermediate value theorem, location of
roots theorem, preservation of intervals theorem. Uniform continuity, non-uniform
continuity criteria, uniform continuity theorem.

Unit 2
Differentiability of a function at a point and in an interval, Caratheodory’s theorem,
algebra of differentiable functions. Relative extrema, interior extremum theorem. Rolle’s
theorem. Mean value theorem, intermediate value property of derivatives, Darboux’s
theorem. Applications of mean value theorem to inequalities and approximation of
polynomials.

Unit 4
Metric spaces: Definition and examples. open and closed balls, neighbourhood,open set,
interior of a set. Limit point of a set, closed set, diameter of a set, subspaces, dense sets,
separable spaces.

Reference Books
 R. Bartle and D.R. Sherbert, Introduction to Real Analysis, John Wiley and
Sons, 2003.
 K.A. Ross, Elementary Analysis: The Theory of Calculus, Springer, 2004.
 A. Mattuck, Introduction to Analysis, Prentice Hall, 1999.
 S.R. Ghorpade and B.V. Limaye, a Course in Calculus and Real Analysis,
Springer, 2006.
 T. Apostol, Mathematical Analysis, Narosa Publishing House
 Courant and John, Introduction to Calculus and Analysis, Vol II, Springer
 W. Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis, Tata McGraw-Hill
 Terence Tao, Analysis II, Hindustan Book Agency, 2006
 SatishShirali and Harikishan L. Vasudeva, Metric Spaces, Springer Verlag,
London, 2006
 S. Kumaresan, Topology of Metric Spaces, 2nd Ed., Narosa Publishing
House,2011.
 G.F. Simmons, Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis, McGraw-
Hill,2004.

CC-6: Group Theory 1 Credits 06

C6T: Group Theory 1

Unit 1
Symmetries of a square, dihedral groups, definition andexamples of groups including
permutation groups and quaternion groups (through matrices), elementary properties of
groups.

Unit 2
Subgroups and examples of subgroups, centralizer, normalizer, center of a group, product
of two subgroups.

Unit 3
Properties of cyclic groups, classification of subgroups of cyclic groups. Cycle notation
for permutations, properties of permutations, even and odd permutations, alternating
group, properties of cosets, Lagrange’s theorem and consequences including Fermat’s
Little theorem.

Unit 4
External direct product of a finite number of groups, normal subgroups, factor groups,
Cauchy’s theorem for finite abelian groups.

Reference Books
 John B. Fraleigh, A First Course in Abstract Algebra, 7th Ed., Pearson, 2002.
 M. Artin, Abstract Algebra, 2nd Ed., Pearson, 2011.
 Joseph A. Gallian, Contemporary Abstract Algebra, 4th Ed., Narosa Publishing
House, New Delhi, 1999.
 Joseph J. Rotman, An Introduction to the Theory of Groups, 4th Ed., Springer
Verlag, 1995.
 I.N. Herstein, Topics in Algebra, Wiley Eastern Limited, India, 1975.
 D.S. Malik, John M. Mordeson and M.K. Sen, Fundamentals of abstract
algebra.

CC-7: Numerical Methods Credits 06

C7T: Numerical Methods Credits 04

Unit 1
Algorithms. Convergence. Errors: relative, absolute. Round off. Truncation.

Unit 2
Transcendental and polynomial equations: Bisection method, Newton’s method, secant
method, Regula-falsi method, fixed point iteration, Newton-Raphson method. Rate of
convergence of these methods.

Unit 3
System of linear algebraic equations: Gaussian elimination and Gauss Jordan methods.
Gauss Jacobi method, Gauss Seidel method and their convergence analysis. LU
decomposition

Unit 4
Interpolation: Lagrange and Newton’s methods. Error bounds. Finite difference
operators. Gregory forward and backward difference interpolation.
Numerical differentiation: Methods based on interpolations, methods based on finite
differences.

Unit 5
Numerical Integration: Newton Cotes formula, Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s 1/3rd rule,
Simpsons 3/8th rule, Weddle’s rule, Boole’s Rule. midpoint rule, Composite trapezoidal
rule, composite Simpson’s 1/3rd rule, Gauss quadrature formula.
The algebraic eigen value problem: Power method.
Approximation: Least square polynomial approximation.

Unit 6
Ordinary differential equations: The method of successive approximations, Euler’s
method, the modified Euler method, Runge-Kutta methods of orders two and four.

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Reference Books
 Brian Bradie, A Friendly Introduction to Numerical Analysis, Pearson
Education, India, 2007.
 M.K. Jain, S.R.K. Iyengar and R.K. Jain, Numerical Methods for Scientific and
Engineering
 Computation, 6th Ed., New age International Publisher, India, 2007.
 C.F. Gerald and P.O. Wheatley, Applied Numerical Analysis, Pearson
Education, India, 2008.
 Uri M. Ascher and Chen Greif, A First Course in Numerical Methods, 7th Ed.,
PHI Learning Private Limited, 2013.
 John H. Mathews and Kurtis D. Fink, Numerical Methods using Matlab, 4th
Ed., PHI Learning Private Limited, 2012.
 Scarborough, James B., Numerical Mathematical Analysis, Oxford and IBH
publishing co.
 Atkinson, K. E., An Introduction to Numerical Analysis, John Wiley and Sons,
1978.
 Yashavant Kanetkar, Let Us C , BPB Publications.

C7P: Numerical Methods Lab Credits 02

List of practical (using any software)

1. Calculate the sum 1/1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + ----------+ 1/ N.
2. Enter 100 integers into an array and sort them in an ascending order.
3. Solution of transcendental and algebraic equations by
i) Bisection method
ii) Newton Raphson method.
iii) Secant method.
iv) Regula Falsi method.
4. Solution of system of linear equations
i) LU decomposition method
ii) Gaussian elimination method
iii) Gauss-Jacobi method
iv) Gauss-Seidel method
5. Interpolation
i) Lagrange Interpolation
ii) Newton Interpolation
6. Numerical Integration
i) Trapezoidal Rule
ii) Simpson’s one third rule
iii) Weddle’s Rule
iv) Gauss Quadrature
7. Method of finding Eigenvalue by Power method
8. Fitting a Polynomial Function
9. Solution of ordinary differential equations
i) Euler method
ii) Modified Euler method
iii) Runge Kutta method

CC-8: Riemann Integration and Series of Functions Credits 06

C8T: Riemann Integration and Series of Functions

Unit 1
Riemann integration: inequalities of upper and lower sums, Darbaux integration, Darbaux
theorem, Riemann conditions of integrability, Riemann sum and definition of Riemann
integral through Riemann sums, equivalence of two definitions. Riemann integrability of
monotone and continuous functions, properties of the Riemann integral; definition and
integrability of piecewise continuous and monotone functions.
Intermediate Value theorem for Integrals; Fundamental theorem of Integral Calculus.

Unit 2
Improper integrals. Convergence of Beta and Gamma functions.

Unit 3
Pointwise and uniform convergence of sequence of functions. Theorems on continuity,
derivability and integrability of the limit function of a sequence of functions. Series of
functions;
Theorems on the continuity and derivability of the sum function of a series of functions;
Cauchy criterion for uniform convergence and Weierstrass M-Test.

Unit 4
Fourier series: Definition of Fourier coefficients and series, Reimann Lebesgue lemma,
Bessel's inequality, Parseval's identity, Dirichlet's condition. Examples of Fourier
expansions and summation results for series.

Unit 5
Power series, radius of convergence, Cauchy Hadamard theorem. Differentiation and
integration of power series; Abel’s theorem; Weierstrass approximation theorem.

Reference Books
 K.A. Ross, Elementary Analysis, The Theory of Calculus, Undergraduate
Texts in Mathematics, Springer (SIE), Indian reprint, 2004.
 R.G. Bartle D.R. Sherbert, Introduction to Real Analysis, 3rd Ed., John Wiley
and Sons (Asia) Pvt. Ltd., Singapore, 2002.
 Charles G. Denlinger, Elements of Real Analysis, Jones & Bartlett (Student
Edition), 2011.
 S. Goldberg, Calculus and mathematical analysis.
 Santi Narayan, Integral calculus.

CC-9 Multivariate Calculus Credits 06

C9T: Multivariate Calculus

Unit 1
Functions of several variables, limit and continuity of functions of two or more variables
Partial differentiation, total differentiability and differentiability, sufficient condition for
differentiability. Chain rule for one and two independent parameters, directional
derivatives, the gradient, maximal and normal property of the gradient, tangent planes,
Extrema of functions of two variables, method of Lagrange multipliers, constrained
optimization problems

Unit 2
Double integration over rectangular region, double integration over non-rectangular
region, Double integrals in polar co-ordinates, Triple integrals, triple integral over a
parallelepiped and solid regions. Volume by triple integrals, cylindrical and spherical co-
ordinates.Change of variables in double integrals and triple integrals.

Unit 3
Definition of vector field, divergence and curl.
Line integrals, applications of line integrals: mass and work. Fundamental theorem for line
integrals, conservative vector fields, independence of path.

Unit 4
Green’s theorem, surface integrals, integrals over parametrically defined surfaces. Stoke’s
theorem, The Divergence theorem.

Reference Books
 G.B. Thomas and R.L. Finney, Calculus, 9th Ed., Pearson Education, Delhi,
2005.
 M.J. Strauss, G.L. Bradley and K. J. Smith, Calculus, 3rd Ed., Dorling
Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education), Delhi, 2007.
 E. Marsden, A.J. Tromba and A. Weinstein, Basic Multivariable Calculus,
Springer (SIE), Indian reprint, 2005.
 James Stewart, Multivariable Calculus, Concepts and Contexts, 2nd Ed.,
Brooks /Cole, Thomson Learning, USA, 2001
 T. Apostol, Mathematical Analysis, Narosa Publishing House
 Courant and John, Introduction to Calculus and Analysis, Vol II, Springer
 W. Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis, Tata McGraw-Hill
 Marsden, J., and Tromba, Vector Calculus, McGraw Hill.
 Maity, K.C. and Ghosh, R.K. Vector Analysis, New Central Book Agency (P)
Ltd. Kolkata (India).
 Terence Tao, Analysis II, Hindustan Book Agency, 2006
 M.R. Speigel, Schaum’s outline of Vector Analysis.

Unit 1
Definition and examples of rings, properties of rings, subrings, integral domains and
fields, characteristic of a ring. Ideal, ideal generated by a subset of a ring, factor rings,
operations on ideals, prime and maximal ideals.

Unit 2
Ring homomorphisms, properties of ring homomorphisms. Isomorphism theorems I, II
and III, field of quotients.

Unit 3
Vector spaces, subspaces, algebra of subspaces, quotient spaces, linear combination of
vectors, linear span, linear independence, basis and dimension, dimension of subspaces.

Unit 4
Linear transformations, null space, range, rank and nullity of a linear transformation,
matrix representation of a linear transformation, algebra of linear transformations.
Isomorphisms. Isomorphism theorems, invertibility and isomorphisms, change of
coordinate matrix.

Reference Books
 John B. Fraleigh, A First Course in Abstract Algebra, 7th Ed., Pearson, 2002.
 M. Artin, Abstract Algebra, 2nd Ed., Pearson, 2011.
 Stephen H. Friedberg, Arnold J. Insel, Lawrence E. Spence, Linear Algebra,
4th Ed., Prentice- Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2004.
 Joseph A. Gallian, Contemporary Abstract Algebra, 4th Ed., Narosa Publishing
House, New Delhi, 1999.
 S. Lang, Introduction to Linear Algebra, 2nd Ed., Springer, 2005.
 Gilbert Strang, Linear Algebra and its Applications, Thomson, 2007.
 S. Kumaresan, Linear Algebra- A Geometric Approach, Prentice Hall of India,
1999.
 Kenneth Hoffman, Ray Alden Kunze, Linear Algebra, 2nd Ed., Prentice-Hall
of India Pvt. Ltd., 1971.
 D.A.R. Wallace, Groups, Rings and Fields, Springer Verlag London Ltd.,
1998.
 D.S. Malik, John M. Mordeson and M.K. Sen, Fundamentals of abstract
algebra.

CC-11: Partial Differential Equations & Applications Credits 06

C11T: Partial Differential Equations & Applications

Unit 2
Derivation of heat equation, wave equation and Laplace equation. Classification of second
order linear equations as hyperbolic, parabolic or elliptic. Reduction of second order linear
equations to canonical forms.

Unit 3
The Cauchy problem, Cauchy-Kowalewskaya theorem, Cauchy problem of an infinite
string. Initial boundary value problems. Semi-infinite string with a fixed end, semi-infinite
string with a free end. Equations with non-homogeneous boundary conditions. Non-
homogeneous wave equation. Method of separation of variables, solving the vibrating
string problem. Solving the heat conduction problem

Unit 4
Central force. Constrained motion, varying mass, tangent and normal components of
acceleration, modelling ballistics and planetary motion, Kepler's second law.

Unit 5
Graphical Demonstration(Teaching aid)
1. Solution of Cauchy problem for first order PDE.
2. Finding the characteristics for the first order PDE.
3. Plot the integral surfaces of a given first order PDE with initial data.
∂ 2u 2 ∂ u
2
− c =0
4. Solution of wave equation ∂t ∂x 2
2
for the following associated conditions:
(a)
u ( x,0) = φ ( x), u t ( x,0) = ψ ( x), x ∈ R, t > 0.

(b)
u ( x,0) = φ ( x), u t ( x,0) = ψ ( x), u (0, t ) = 0 x ∈ (0, ∞), t > 0
∂ 2u 2 ∂ u
2
−c =0
5. Solution of wave equation ∂t ∂x 2
2
for the following associated conditions:
u ( x,0) = φ ( x), u (o, t ) = a, u (l , t ) = b, 0 < x < l , t > 0.
(a)
u ( x,0) = φ ( x), x ∈ R, 0 < t < T .

Reference Books
 Tyn Myint-U and Lokenath Debnath, Linear Partial Differential Equations for
Scientists and Engineers, 4th edition, Springer, Indian reprint, 2006.
 S.L. Ross, Differential equations, 3rd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, India, 2004.
 Martha L Abell, James P Braselton, Differential equations with
MATHEMATICA, 3rd Ed., Elsevier Academic Press, 2004.
 Sneddon, I. N., Elements of Partial Differential Equations, McGraw Hill.
 Miller, F. H., Partial Differential Equations, John Wiley and Sons.
 Loney, S. L., An Elementary Treatise on the Dynamics of particle and of Rigid
Bodies, Loney Press .

Unit 1
Automorphism, inner automorphism, automorphism groups, automorphism groups of
finite and infinite cyclic groups, applications of factor groups to automorphism groups,
Characteristic subgroups, Commutator subgroup and its properties.

Unit 2
Properties of external direct products, the group of units modulo n as an external direct
product, internal direct products, Fundamental theorem of finite abelian groups.

Unit 3
Group actions, stabilizers and kernels, permutation representation associated with a given
group action. Applications of group actions. Generalized Cayley’s theorem. Index
theorem.

Unit 4
Groups acting on themselves by conjugation, class equation and consequences, conjugacy
in Sn, p-groups, Sylow’s theorems and consequences, Cauchy’s theorem, Simplicity of An
for n ≥ 5, non-simplicity tests.

Reference Books
 John B. Fraleigh, A First Course in Abstract Algebra, 7th Ed., Pearson, 2002.
 M. Artin, Abstract Algebra, 2nd Ed., Pearson, 2011.
 Joseph A. Gallian, Contemporary Abstract Algebra, 4th Ed., Narosa Publishing
House, 1999.
 David S. Dummit and Richard M. Foote, Abstract Algebra, 3rd Ed., John
Wiley and Sons (Asia) Pvt. Ltd., Singapore, 2004.
 J.R. Durbin, Modern Algebra, John Wiley & Sons, New York Inc., 2000.
 D. A. R. Wallace, Groups, Rings and Fields, Springer Verlag London Ltd.,
1998
 D.S. Malik, John M. Mordeson and M.K. Sen, Fundamentals of abstract
algebra.
 I.N. Herstein, Topics in Algebra, Wiley Eastern Limited, India, 1975.

CC-13: Metric Spaces and Complex Analysis Credits 06

C13T: Metric Spaces and Complex Analysis

Unit 1
Metric spaces: sequences in metric spaces, Cauchy sequences. Complete metric spaces,
Cantor’s theorem.
Unit 2

Unit 3
Limits, limits involving the point at infinity, continuity. Properties of complex numbers,
regions in the complex plane, functions of complex variable, mappings.
Derivatives, differentiation formulas, Cauchy-Riemann equations, sufficient conditions for
differentiability.

Unit 4
Analytic functions, examples of analytic functions, exponential function, logarithmic
function, trigonometric function, derivatives of functions, and definite integrals of
functions. Contours, Contour integrals and its examples, upper bounds for moduli of
contour integrals. Cauchy- Goursat theorem, Cauchy integral formula.

Unit 5
Liouville’s theorem and the fundamental theorem of algebra. Convergence of sequences
and series, Taylor series and its examples.

Unit 6
Laurent series and its examples, absolute and uniform convergence of power series.

Reference Books
 SatishShirali and Harikishan L. Vasudeva, Metric Spaces, Springer Verlag,
London, 2006.
 S. Kumaresan, Topology of Metric Spaces, 2nd Ed., Narosa Publishing House,
2011.
 G.F. Simmons, Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis, McGraw-Hill,
2004.
 James Ward Brown and Ruel V. Churchill, Complex Variables and
Applications, 8th Ed., McGraw – Hill International Edition, 2009.
 Joseph Bak and Donald J. Newman, Complex Analysis, 2nd Ed.,
Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics, Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.,
NewYork, 1997.
 S. Ponnusamy, Foundations of complex analysis.
 E.M.Stein and R. Shakrachi, Complex Analysis, Princeton University
Press.

CC-14: Ring Theory and Linear Algebra II Credits 06

C14T: Ring Theory and Linear Algebra II

Unit 1
Polynomial rings over commutative rings, division algorithm and consequences, principal
ideal domains, factorization of polynomials, reducibility tests, irreducibility tests,

Unit 2
Dual spaces, dual basis, double dual, transpose of a linear transformation and its matrix in
the dual basis, annihilators. Eigen spaces of a linear operator, diagonalizability, invariant
subspaces and Cayley-Hamilton theorem, the minimal polynomial for a linear operator,
canonical forms.

Unit 3
Inner product spaces and norms, Gram-Schmidt orthogonalisation process, orthogonal
complements, Bessel’s inequality, the adjoint of a linear operator. Least squares
approximation, minimal solutions to systems of linear equations. Normal and self-adjoint
operators. Orthogonal projections and Spectral theorem.

Reference Books
 John B. Fraleigh, A First Course in Abstract Algebra, 7th Ed., Pearson, 2002.
 M. Artin, Abstract Algebra, 2nd Ed., Pearson, 2011.
 Joseph A. Gallian, Contemporary Abstract Algebra, 4th Ed., Narosa Publishing
House, 1999.
 Stephen H. Friedberg, Arnold J. Insel, Lawrence E. Spence, Linear Algebra,
4th Ed., Prentice- Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2004.
 S. Lang, Introduction to Linear Algebra, 2nd Ed., Springer, 2005.
 Gilbert Strang, Linear Algebra and its Applications, Thomson, 2007.
 S. Kumaresan, Linear Algebra- A Geometric Approach, Prentice Hall of India,
1999.
 Kenneth Hoffman, Ray Alden Kunze, Linear Algebra, 2nd Ed., Prentice-Hall
of India Pvt. Ltd., 1971.
 S.H. Friedberg, A.L. Insel and L.E. Spence, Linear Algebra, Prentice Hall of
India Pvt. Ltd., 2004

DSE1T: Linear Programming

Unit 1
Introduction to linear programming problem. Theory of simplex method, graphical
solution, convex sets, optimality and unboundedness, the simplex algorithm, simplex
method in tableau format, introduction to artificial variables, two‐phase method. Big‐M
method and their comparison.

Unit 2
Duality, formulation of the dual problem, primal‐dual relationships, economic
interpretation of the dual.
Transportation problem and its mathematical formulation, northwest‐corner method, least
cost method and Vogel approximation method for determination of starting basic solution,
algorithm for solving transportation problem, assignment problem and its mathematical
formulation, Hungarian method for solving assignment problem.

Unit 3
Game theory: formulation of two person zero sum games, solving two person zero sum
games, games with mixed strategies, graphical solution procedure,linearprogramming
solutionof games.

Reference Books
 Mokhtar S. Bazaraa, John J. Jarvis and Hanif D. Sherali, Linear Programming
and Network Flows, 2nd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, India, 2004.
 F.S. Hillier and G.J. Lieberman, Introduction to Operations Research, 9th Ed.,
Tata McGraw Hill, Singapore, 2009.
 Hamdy A. Taha, Operations Research, An Introduction, 8th Ed., Prentice‐Hall
India, 2006.
 G. Hadley, Linear Programming, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 2002.

OR
DSE-1: Point Set Topology Credits 06

DSE1T: Point Set Topology

Unit 1
Countable and Uncountable Sets, Schroeder-Bernstein Theorem, Cantor’s Theorem.
Cardinal numbers and cardinal arithmetic. Continuum Hypothesis, Zorns Lemma, Axiom
of Choice. Well-ordered sets, Hausdorff’s maximalprinciple. Ordinal numbers.

Unit 2
Topological spaces, basis and Subbasis for a topology, subspace topology, interior points,
limit points, derived set, boundary of a set, closed sets, closure and interior of a set.

Unit 3
Connected and path connected spaces, connected sets in R, components and path
components, local connectedness. Compact spaces, compact sets in R. Compactness in
metric spaces. Totally bounded spaces, Ascoli-Arzela theorem, the Lebesgue number
lemma. Local compactness.

Reference Books
 Munkres, J.R., Topology, A First Course, Prentice Hall of India Pvt.Ltd.,New
Delhi, 2000.
 Dugundji, J., Topology, Allyn and Bacon, 1966.
 Simmons, G.F., Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis, McGraw Hill,
1963.
 Kelley, J.L., General Topology, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York,1995.
 Hocking, J., Young, G., Topology, Addison-Wesley Reading, 1961.
 Steen, L., Seebach, J., Counter Examples in Topology, Holt, Reinhart
andWinston, New York, 1970.
 Abhijit Dasgupta, Set Theory, Birkhäuser.

OR
DSE-1: Theory of Equations Credits 06

DSE1T: Theory of Equations

Unit 1
General properties of polynomials, Graphical representation of a polynomial, maximum
and minimum values of a polynomials, General properties of equations, Descarte’s rule of
signs positive and negative rule, Relation between the roots and the coefficients of
equations.

Unit 2
Symmetric functions. Applications of symmetric function of the roots. Transformation of
equations. Solutions of reciprocal and binomial equations. Algebraic solutions of the cubic
and biquadratic. Properties of the derived functions.

Unit 3
Symmetric functions of the roots, Newton’s theorem on the sums of powers of roots,
homogeneous products, limits of the roots of equations.

Unit 4
Separation of the roots of equations, Strums theorem. Applications of Strum’s theorem,
conditions for reality of the roots of an equation. Solution of numerical equations.

Reference Books

DSE-2: Probability and Statistics Credits 06

DSE2T: Probability and Statistics

Unit 1
Sample space, probability axioms, real random variables (discrete and continuous),
cumulative distribution function, probability mass/density functions, mathematical
expectation, moments, moment generating function, characteristic function, discrete
distributions: uniform, binomial, Poisson, geometric, negative binomial, continuous
distributions: uniform, normal, exponential.

Unit 2
Joint cumulative distribution function and its properties, joint probability density
functions, marginal and conditional distributions, expectation of function of two random
variables, conditional expectations, independent random variables, bivariate normal
distribution, correlation coefficient, joint moment generating function (jmgf) and
calculation of covariance (from jmgf), linear regression for two variables.

Unit 3
Chebyshev’s inequality, statement and interpretation of (weak) law of large numbers and
strong law of large numbers. Central limit theorem for independent and identically
distributed random variables with finite variance, Markov chains, Chapman-Kolmogorov
equations, classification of states.

Unit 4
Random Samples, Sampling Diatributions, Estimation of parameters, Testing of
hypothesis.

Reference Books
 Robert V. Hogg, Joseph W. McKean and Allen T. Craig, Introduction to
Mathematical Statistics, Pearson Education, Asia, 2007.
 Irwin Miller and Marylees Miller, John E. Freund, Mathematical Statistics
with Applications, 7th Ed., Pearson Education, Asia, 2006.
 Sheldon Ross, Introduction to Probability Models, 9th Ed., Academic Press,
Indian Reprint, 2007.
 Alexander M. Mood, Franklin A. Graybill and Duane C. Boes, Introduction to
the Theory of Statistics, 3rd Ed., Tata McGraw- Hill, Reprint 2007
 Gupta, Ground work of Mathematical Probability and Statistics, Academic
publishers.

DSE2T: Boolean Algebra and Automata Theory

Unit 1
Definition, examples and basic properties of ordered sets, maps between ordered sets,
duality principle, lattices as ordered sets, lattices as algebraic structures, sublattices,
products and homomorphisms.

Unit 2
Definition, examples and properties of modular and distributive lattices, Boolean algebras,
Boolean polynomials, minimal and maximal forms of Boolean polynomials,
Quinn‐McCluskey method, Karnaugh diagrams, Logic gates, switching circuits and
applications of switching circuits.

Unit 3
Introduction: Alphabets, strings, and languages. Finite automata and regular languages:
deterministic and non-deterministic finite automata, regular expressions, regular languages
and their relationship with finite automata, pumping lemma and closure properties of
regular languages.

Unit 4
Context free grammars and pushdown automata: Context free grammars (CFG), parse
trees, ambiguities in grammars and languages, pushdown automaton (PDA) and the
language accepted by PDA, deterministic PDA, Non- deterministic PDA, properties of
context free languages; normal forms, pumping lemma, closure properties, decision
properties.

Unit 5
Turing Machines: Turing machine as a model of computation, programming with a Turing
machine, variants of Turing machine and their equivalence.

Unit 6
Undecidability: Recursively enumerable and recursive languages, undecidable problems
about Turing machines: halting problem. Post correspondence problem, and undecidability
problems about CFGs.

Reference Books
 B A. Davey and H. A. Priestley, Introduction to Lattices and Order, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 1990.
 Edgar G. Goodaire and Michael M. Parmenter, Discrete Mathematics with
Graph Theory,
 (2nd Ed.), Pearson Education (Singapore) P.Ltd., Indian Reprint 2003.
 Rudolf Lidl and Günter Pilz, Applied Abstract Algebra, 2nd Ed.,
Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics, Springer (SIE), Indian reprint, 2004.

DSE2: Portfolio Optimization Credits 06

DSE2T: Portfolio Optimization

Unit 1
Financial markets. Investment objectives. Measures of return and risk. Types of risks. Risk
free assets. Mutual funds. Portfolio of assets. Expected risk and return of portfolio.
Diversification.

Unit 2
Mean-variance portfolio optimization- the Markowitz model and the two-fund theorem,
risk-free assets and one fund theorem, efficient frontier. Portfolios with short sales. Capital
market theory.

Unit 3
Capital assets pricing model- the capital market line, beta of an asset, beta of a portfolio,
security market line. Index tracking optimization models. Portfolio performance
evaluation measures.

Reference Books
 F. K. Reilly, Keith C. Brown, Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management,
10th Ed., South-Western Publishers, 2011.
 H.M. Markowitz, Mean-Variance Analysis in Portfolio Choice and Capital
Markets, Blackwell, New York, 1987.
 M.J. Best, Portfolio Optimization, Chapman and Hall, CRC Press, 2010.
 D.G. Luenberger, Investment Science, 2nd Ed., Oxford University Press, 2013.

DSE -3: Mechanics Credits 06

DSE3T: Mechanics

Unit 1
Co-planar forces. Astatic equilibrium. Friction. Equilibrium of a particle on a rough curve.
Virtual work.. Forces in three dimensions. General conditions of equilibrium. Centre of
gravity for different bodies. Stable and unstable equilibrium.

Unit 2

Unit 3
Degrees of freedom. Moments and products of inertia. Momental Ellipsoid. Principal axes.
D'Alembert's Principle. Motion about a fixed axis. Compound pendulum. Motion of a
rigid body in two dimensions under finite and impulsive forces. Conservation of
momentum and energy.

Reference Books
 I.H. Shames and G. Krishna Mohan Rao, Engineering Mechanics: Statics and
Dynamics, (4th Ed.), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education),
Delhi, 2009.
 R.C. Hibbeler and Ashok Gupta, Engineering Mechanics: Statics and
Dynamics, 11th Ed., Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education),
Delhi.
 Chorlton, F., Textbook of Dynamics.
 Loney, S. L., An Elementary Treatise on the Dynamics of particle and of Rigid
Bodies,Loney Press .
 Loney, S. L., Elements of Staticsand Dynamics I and II.
 Ghosh, M. C, Analytical Statics.
 Verma, R. S., A Textbook on Statics, Pothishala, 1962.
 Matiur Rahman, Md., Statics.
 Ramsey, A. S., Dynamics (Part I).

DSE-3: Number Theory Credits 06

DSE3T: Number Theory

Unit 1
Linear diophantine equation, prime counting function, statement of prime number
theorem, Goldbach conjecture, linearcongruences, complete set of residues. Chinese
remainder theorem, Fermat’s little theorem, Wilson’s theorem.

Unit 2
Number theoretic functions, sum and number of divisors, totally multiplicative functions,
definition and properties of the Dirichlet product, the Mobius Inversion formula, the
greatest integer function, Euler’s phi‐function, Euler’s theorem, reduced set of residues,
some properties of Euler’s phi-function.

Unit 3
Order of an integer modulo n, primitive roots for primes, composite numbers having
primitive roots, Euler’s criterion, the Legendre symbol and its properties, quadratic

Reference Books
 David M. Burton, Elementary Number Theory, 6th Ed., Tata McGraw‐Hill,
Indian reprint, 2007.
 Neville Robinns, Beginning Number Theory, 2nd Ed., Narosa Publishing
House Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, 2007

OR
DSE-3: Industrial Mathematics Credits 06
DSE3T: Industrial Mathematics

Industry Mathematics

Unit 1
Medical Imaging and Inverse Problems. The content is based on Mathematics of X-
ray and CT scan based on the knowledge of calculus, elementary differential
equations, complex numbers and matrices.

Unit 2
Introduction to Inverse problems: Why should we teach Inverse Problems? Illustration of
Inverse problems through problems taught in Pre-Calculus, Calculus, Matrices and
differential equations. Geological anomalies in Earth’s interior from measurements at its
surface (Inverse problems for Natural disaster) and Tomography.

Unit 3
X-ray: Introduction, X-ray behavior and Beers Law (The fundamental question of image
construction) Lines in the place.

Unit 4
Radon Transform: Definition and Examples, Linearity, Phantom (Shepp - Logan Phantom
- Mathematical phantoms).

Unit 5
Back Projection: Definition, properties and examples.

Unit 6
CT Scan: Revision of properties of Fourier and inverse Fourier transforms and
applications of their properties in image reconstruction. Algorithms of CT scan machine.
Algebraic reconstruction techniques abbreviated as ART with application to CT scan.

Reference Books
 Timothy G. Feeman, The Mathematics of Medical Imaging, A Beginners
Guide, Springer Under graduate Text in Mathematics and Technology,
Springer, 2010.
 C.W. Groetsch, Inverse Problems, Activities for Undergraduates, The
Mathematical Association of America, 1999.

DSE-4: Mathematical Modelling Credits 06

DSE4T: Mathematical Modelling

Unit 1
Power series solution of Bessel’s equation and Legendre’s equation, Laplace transform
and inverse transform, application to initial value problem up to second order.

Unit 2
Monte Carlo simulation modelling: simulating deterministic behavior (area under a curve,
volume under a surface), generating random numbers: middle square method, linear
congruence, queuing models: harbor system, morning rush hour, Overview of optimization
modelling. Linear programming model: geometric solution algebraic solution, simplex
method, sensitivity analysis

Reference Books
 TynMyint-U and Lokenath Debnath, Linear Partial Differential Equation for
Scientists and Engineers, Springer, Indian reprint, 2006.
 Frank R. Giordano, Maurice D. Weir and William P. Fox, A First Course in
Mathematical Modeling, Thomson Learning, London and New York, 2003.

Graphical demonstration as Teaching aid using any software

1. Plotting of Legendre polynomial for n = 1 to 5 in the interval [0,1].
Verifying graphically that all the roots of P n (x) lie in the interval [0,1].
2. Automatic computation of coefficients in the series solution near ordinary points.
3. Plotting of the Bessel’s function of first kind of order 0 to 3.
4. Automating the Frobenius Series Method.
5. Random number generation and then use it for one of the following (a) Simulate
area under a curve (b) Simulate volume under a surface.
6. Programming of either one of the queuing model (a) Single server queue (e.g.
Harbor system) (b) Multiple server queue (e.g. Rush hour).
7. Programming of the Simplex method for 2/3 variables.

DSE-4: Differential Geometry Credits 06

DSE4T: Differential Geometry

Unit 1
Theory of space curves: Space curves. Planer curves, curvature, torsion and Serret-Frenet
formula. osculating circles, osculating circles and spheres. Existence of space curves.
Evolutes and involutes of curves.

Unit 3
Developables: Developable associated with space curves and curves on surfaces. Minimal
surfaces.
Geodesics: Canonical geodesic equations. Nature of geodesics on a surface of revolution.
Clairaut’s theorem. Normal property of geodesics. Torsion of a geodesic. Geodesic
curvature.
Gauss-Bonnet theorem.

Reference Books
 T.J. Willmore, An Introduction to Differential Geometry, Dover Publications,
2012.
 B. O'Neill, Elementary Differential Geometry, 2nd Ed., Academic Press, 2006.
 C.E. Weatherburn, Differential Geometry of Three Dimensions, Cambridge
University Press2003.
 D.J. Struik, Lectures on Classical Differential Geometry, Dover Publications,
1988.
 S. Lang, Fundamentals of Differential Geometry, Springer, 1999.
 B. Spain, Tensor Calculus: A Concise Course, Dover Publications, 2003

DSE-4: Bio Mathematics Credits 06

DSE4T: Bio Mathematics

Unit 1
Mathematical biology and the modeling process: an overview. Continuous models:
Malthus model, logistic growth, Allee effect, Gompertz growth, Michaelis-Menten
Kinetics, Holling type growth, bacterial growth in a chemostat, harvesting a single natural
population, Prey predator systems and LotkaVolterra equations, populations in
competitions, epidemic models (SI, SIR, SIRS, SIC)

Unit 2
Activator-inhibitor system, insect outbreak model: Spruce Budworm. Numerical solution
of the models and its graphical representation. Qualitative analysis of continuous models:
Steady state solutions, stability and linearization, multiple species communities and
Routh-Hurwitz Criteria. Phase plane methods and qualitative solutions, bifurcations and
limit cycles with examples in the context of biological scenario.
Spatial models: One species model with diffusion. Two species model with diffusion,
conditions for diffusive instability, spreading colonies of microorganisms, Blood flow in
circulatory system, travelling wave solutions, spread of genes in a population.

Reference Books
 L.E. Keshet, Mathematical Models in Biology, SIAM, 1988.
 J. D. Murray, Mathematical Biology, Springer, 1993.
 Y.C. Fung, Biomechanics, Springer-Verlag, 1990.
 F. Brauer, P.V.D. Driessche and J. Wu, Mathematical Epidemiology, Springer,
2008.
 M. Kot, Elements of Mathematical Ecology, Cambridge University Press,
2001.
Graphical demonstration as Teaching aid using any software
1. Growth model (exponential case only).
2. Decay model (exponential case only).
3. Lake pollution model (with constant/seasonal flow and pollution concentration).
4. Case of single cold pill and a course of cold pills.
5. Limited growth of population (with and without harvesting).
6. Predatory-prey model (basic volterra model, with density dependence, effect of
DDT, two prey one predator).
7. Epidemic model of infuenza (basic epidemic model, contagious for life,disease
with carriers).
8. Battle model (basic battle model, jungle warfare, long range weapons).

Skill Enhancement Course (SEC)

SEC-1: Object Oriented Programming in C++ Credits 02

SEC1T: Object Oriented Programming in C++

Unit 1
Programming paradigms, characteristics of object oriented programming languages, brief
history of C++, structure of C++ program, differences between C and C++, basic C++
operators, Comments, working with variables, enumeration, arrays and pointer.

Unit 2
Objects, classes, constructor and destructors, friend function, inline function,
encapsulation, data abstraction, inheritance, polymorphism, dynamic binding, operator
overloading, method overloading, overloading arithmetic operator and comparison
operators.

Reference Books
 A. R. Venugopal, Rajkumar, and T. Ravishanker, Mastering C++, TMH,
1997.
 S. B. Lippman and J. Lajoie, C++ Primer, 3rd Ed., Addison Wesley, 2000.
 Bruce Eckel, Thinking in C++, 2nd Ed., President, Mindview Inc., Prentice
Hall.
 D. Parasons, Object Oriented Programming with C++, BPB Publication.
 BjarneStroustrup, The C++ Programming Language, 3rd Ed., Addison
Welsley.
 E. Balaguruswami, Object Oriented Programming In C++, Tata McGrawHill
 Herbert Scildt, C++, The Complete Reference, Tata McGrawHill.

SEC-1: Logic and Sets Credits 02

SEC1T: Logic and Sets

Unit 1
Introduction, propositions, truth table, negation, conjunction and disjunction. Implications,
biconditional propositions, converse, contra positive and inverse propositions and
precedence of logical operators. Propositional equivalence: Logical equivalences.
Predicates and quantifiers: Introduction, quantifiers, binding variables and negations.

Unit 2
Sets, subsets, set operations and the laws of set theory and Venn diagrams. Examples of
finite and infinite sets. Finite sets and counting principle. Empty set, properties of empty
set. Standard set operations. classes of sets. Power set of a set.

Unit 3
Difference and Symmetric difference of two sets. Set identities, generalized union and
intersections. Relation: Product set. Composition of relations, types of relations, partitions,
equivalence Relations with example of congruence modulo relation. Partial ordering
relations, n- ary relations.

Reference Books
 R.P. Grimaldi, Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorial Mathematics, Pearson
Education, 1998.
 P.R. Halmos, Naive Set Theory, Springer, 1974.
 E. Kamke, Theory of Sets, Dover Publishers, 1950.

SEC-2: Graph Theory Credits 02

SEC2T: Graph Theory

Unit 2
Eulerian circuits, Eulerian graph, semi-Eulerian graph, theorems, Hamiltonian
cycles,theorems Representation of a graph by matrix, the adjacency matrix, incidence
matrix, weighted graph,

Unit 3
Travelling salesman’s problem, shortest path, Tree and their properties, spanning tree,
Dijkstra’s algorithm, Warshall algorithm.

Reference Books
 B.A. Davey and H.A. Priestley, Introduction to Lattices and Order, Cambridge
UniversityPress, Cambridge, 1990.
 Edgar G. Goodaire and Michael M. Parmenter, Discrete Mathematics with
Graph Theory, 2ndEdition, Pearson Education (Singapore) P. Ltd., Indian
Reprint 2003.
 Rudolf Lidl and Gunter Pilz, Applied Abstract Algebra, 2nd Ed.,
Undergraduate Texts inMathematics, Springer (SIE), Indian reprint, 2004.

Or
SEC-2: Computer Graphics Credits 02

SEC2T: Computer Graphics

Unit 1
Development of computer Graphics: Raster Scan and Random Scan graphics storages,
displays processors and character generators, colour display techniques, interactive
input/output devices.

Unit 2
Points, lines and curves: Scan conversion, line-drawing algorithms, circle and ellipse
generation, conic-section generation, polygon filling anti-aliasing.

Unit 3
Two-dimensional viewing: Coordinate systems, linear transformations, line and polygon
clipping algorithms.

Reference Books
 D. Hearn and M.P. Baker, Computer Graphics, 2nd Ed., Prentice–Hall of India,
2004.
 J.D. Foley, A van Dam, S.K. Feiner and J.F. Hughes, Computer Graphics:
Principals andPractices, 2nd Ed., Addison-Wesley, MA, 1990.
 D.F. Rogers, Procedural Elements in Computer Graphics, 2nd Ed., McGraw
Hill BookCompany, 2001.

SEC-2: Operating System: Linux Credits 02

SEC2T: Operating System: Linux

Unit 1
Linux – The operating system: Linux history, Linux features, Linux distributions, Linux’s
relationship to Unix, overview of Linux architecture, installation, start up scripts, system
processes (an overview), Linux security.

Unit 2
The Ext2 and Ext3 file systems: General characteristics of the Ext3 file system, file
permissions. User management: types of users, the powers of root, managing users (adding
and deleting): using the command line and GUI tools.

Unit 3
Resource management in Linux: file and directory management, system calls for files
process Management, signals, IPC: Pipes, FIFOs, System V IPC, message queues, system
calls for processes, memory management, library and system calls for memory.

Reference Books
 Arnold Robbins, Linux Programming by Examples The Fundamentals, 2nd
Ed., PearsonEducation, 2008.
 Cox K, Red Hat Linux Administrator’s Guide, PHI, 2009.
 R. Stevens, UNIX Network Programming, 3rd Ed., PHI, 2008.
 Sumitabha Das, UNIX Concepts and Applications, 4th Ed., TMH, 2009.
 Ellen Siever, Stephen Figgins, Robert Love, Arnold Robbins, Linux in a
Nutshell, 6th Ed.,O'Reilly Media, 2009.
 Neil Matthew, Richard Stones, Alan Cox, Beginning Linux Programming, 3rd
Ed., 2004.

GE-1: Calculus, Geometry & Differential Equation Credits 06

GE1T: Calculus, Geometry & Differential Equation

Unit 3
Reflection properties of conics, rotation of axes and second degree equations,
classification of conics using the discriminant, polar equations of conics.
Spheres. Cylindrical surfaces. Central conicoids, paraboloids, plane sections of conicoids,
generating lines, classification of quadrics, illustrations of graphing standard quadric
surfaces like cone, ellipsoid.

Graphical Demonstration (Teaching Aid)

1. Plotting of graphs of function eax+b, log(ax + b), 1/(ax + b), sin(ax + b), cos(ax + b), |ax
+ b| and to illustrate the effect of a and b on the graph.
2. Plotting the graphs of polynomial of degree 4 and 5, the derivative graph, the second
derivative graph and comparing them.
3. Sketching parametric curves (Eg. trochoid, cycloid, epicycloids, hypocycloid).
4. Obtaining surface of revolution of curves.
5. Tracing of conics in cartesian coordinates/ polar coordinates.
6. Sketching ellipsoid, hyperboloid of one and two sheets, elliptic cone, elliptic,
paraboloid, and hyperbolic paraboloid using cartesian coordinates.

Reference Books
 G.B. Thomas and R.L. Finney, Calculus, 9th Ed., Pearson Education, Delhi,
2005.

Downloaded from Vidyasagar University by 64.233.173.22 on 15 July 2019 : 22:22:30; Copyright : Vidyasagar University
http://www.vidyasagar.ac.in/Downloads/ShowPdf.aspx?file=/UG_Syllabus_CBCS_FULL/BSC_HONS/Mathematics_Hons.pdf
 M.J. Strauss, G.L. Bradley and K. J. Smith, Calculus, 3rd Ed., Dorling
Kindersley (India) P. Ltd. (Pearson Education), Delhi, 2007.
 H. Anton, I. Bivens and S. Davis, Calculus, 7th Ed., John Wiley and Sons
(Asia) P. Ltd., Singapore, 2002.
 R. Courant and F. John, Introduction to Calculus and Analysis (Volumes I &
II), Springer- Verlag, New York, Inc., 1989.
 S.L. Ross, Differential Equations, 3rd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, India, 2004.
 Murray, D., Introductory Course in Differential Equations, Longmans Green
and Co.
 G.F.Simmons, Differential Equations, Tata Mcgraw Hill.
 T. Apostol, Calculus, Volumes I and II.
 S. Goldberg, Calculus and mathematical analysis.

GE-2 : Algebra Credits 06

GE2T : Algebra

Unit 1
Polar representation of complex numbers, nth roots of unity, De Moivre’s theorem for
rational indices and its applications.
Theory of equations: Relation between roots and coefficients, transformation of equation,
Descartes rule of signs, cubic and biquadratic equation.
Inequality: The inequality involving AM≥ GM≥ HM, Cauchy-Schwartz inequality.

Unit 3
Systems of linear equations, row reduction and echelon forms, vector equations, the matrix
equation Ax=b, solution sets of linear systems, applications of linear systems, linear
independence.

Unit 4
Introduction to linear transformations, matrix of a linear transformation, inverse of a
matrix, characterizations of invertible matrices. Subspaces of Rn, dimension of subspaces
of Rn, rank of a matrix, Eigen values, eigen vectors and characteristic equation of a matrix.
Cayley-Hamilton theorem and its use in finding the inverse of a matrix.

Reference Books
 Titu Andreescu and Dorin Andrica, Complex Numbers from A to Z,
Birkhauser, 2006.

GE-3: Differential Equations &Vector Calculus Credits 06

GE3T: Differential Equations &Vector Calculus

Differential Equations
Unit 1
Lipschitz condition and Picard’s Theorem (Statement only). General solution of
homogeneous equation of second order, principle of super position for homogeneous
equation, Wronskian: its properties and applications, Linear homogeneous and non-
homogeneous equations of higher order with constant coefficients, Euler’s equation,
method of undetermined coefficients, method of variation of parameters.

Unit 3
Equilibrium points, Interpretation of the phase plane
Power series solution of a differential equation about an ordinary point, solution about a
regular singular point.

Unit 4
Triple product, introduction to vector functions, operations with vector-valued functions,
limits and continuity of vector functions, differentiation and integration of vector
functions.

Unit 5
Graphical demonstration (Teaching aid)
1. Plotting of family of curves which are solutions of second order differential
equation.
2. Plotting of family of curves which are solutions of third order differential
equation.

Reference Books

Downloaded from Vidyasagar University by 64.233.173.22 on 15 July 2019 : 22:22:30; Copyright : Vidyasagar University
http://www.vidyasagar.ac.in/Downloads/ShowPdf.aspx?file=/UG_Syllabus_CBCS_FULL/BSC_HONS/Mathematics_Hons.pdf
 Belinda Barnes and Glenn R. Fulford, Mathematical Modeling with Case
Studies, A Differential Equation Approach using Maple and Matlab, 2nd Ed.,
Taylor and Francis group, London and New York, 2009.
 C.H. Edwards and D.E. Penny, Differential Equations and Boundary Value
problems Computing and Modeling, Pearson Education India, 2005.
 S.L. Ross, Differential Equations, 3rd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, India, 2004.
 Martha L Abell, James P Braselton, Differential Equations with
MATHEMATICA, 3rd Ed., Elsevier Academic Press, 2004.
 Murray, D., Introductory Course in Differential Equations, Longmans Green
and Co.
 Boyce and Diprima, Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value
Problems, Wiley.
 G.F.Simmons, Differential Equations, Tata Mc Graw Hill
 Marsden, J., and Tromba, Vector Calculus, McGraw Hill.
 Maity, K.C. and Ghosh, R.K. Vector Analysis, New Central Book Agency (P)
Ltd. Kolkata (India).
 M.R. Speigel, Schaum’s outline of Vector Analysis.

Or
GE-3: Group Theory 1 Credits 06

GE3T: Group Theory 1

Group Theory 1 Credits 06

Unit 1
Symmetries of a square, dihedral groups, definition and examples of groups including
permutation groups and quaternion groups (through matrices), elementary properties of
groups.

Unit 2
Subgroups and examples of subgroups, centralizer, normalizer, center of a group, product
of two subgroups.

Unit 4
External direct product of a finite number of groups, normal subgroups, factor groups,
Cauchy’s theorem for finite abelian groups.

Unit 5

Reference Books
 John B. Fraleigh, A First Course in Abstract Algebra, 7th Ed., Pearson, 2002.
 M. Artin, Abstract Algebra, 2nd Ed., Pearson, 2011.
 Joseph A. Gallian, Contemporary Abstract Algebra, 4th Ed., Narosa Publishing
House, New Delhi, 1999.
 Joseph J. Rotman, An Introduction to the Theory of Groups, 4th Ed., Springer
Verlag, 1995.
 I.N. Herstein, Topics in Algebra, Wiley Eastern Limited, India, 1975.
 D.S. Malik, John M. Mordeson and M.K. Sen, Fundamentals of abstract
algebra.

Or
GE-3: Theory of Real Functions & Introduction to Metric Space
Credits 06
GE3T: Theory of Real Functions & Introduction to Metric Space

Theory of Real Functions & Introduction to Metric Space 6 Credits

Unit 3
Cauchy’s mean value theorem. Taylor’s theorem with Lagrange’s form of remainder,
Taylor’s theorem with Cauchy’s form of remainder, application of Taylor’s theorem to
convex functions, relative extrema. Taylor’s series and Maclaurin’s series expansions of
exponential and trigonometric functions, ln (1 + x), 1/(ax + b) and(x+1)n . Application of
Taylor’s theorem to inequalities.

Unit 4
Metric spaces: Defiition and examples. open and closed balls, neighbourhood, open set,
interior of a set. Limit point of a set, closed set, diameter of a set, subspaces, dense sets,
separable spaces.

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http://www.vidyasagar.ac.in/Downloads/ShowPdf.aspx?file=/UG_Syllabus_CBCS_FULL/BSC_HONS/Mathematics_Hons.pdf
Reference Books
 R. Bartle and D.R. Sherbert, Introduction to Real Analysis, John Wiley and
Sons, 2003.
 K.A. Ross, Elementary Analysis: The Theory of Calculus, Springer, 2004.
 A. Mattuck, Introduction to Analysis, Prentice Hall, 1999.
 S.R. Ghorpade and B.V. Limaye, a Course in Calculus and Real Analysis,
Springer, 2006.
 T. Apostol, Mathematical Analysis, Narosa Publishing House
 Courant and John, Introduction to Calculus and Analysis, Vol II, Springer
 W. Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis, Tata McGraw-Hill
 Terence Tao, Analysis II, Hindustan Book Agency, 2006
 SatishShirali and Harikishan L. Vasudeva, Metric Spaces, Springer Verlag,
London, 2006
 S. Kumaresan, Topology of Metric Spaces, 2nd Ed., Narosa Publishing
House,2011.
 G.F. Simmons, Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis, McGraw-
Hill,2004.

GE-4: Numerical Methods Credits 06

GE4T: Numerical Methods Credits 04

Unit 1
Algorithms. Convergence. Errors: relative, absolute. Round off. Truncation.

Unit 3
System of linear algebraic equations: Gaussian elimination and Gauss Jordan methods.
Gauss Jacobi method, Gauss Seidel method and their convergence analysis. LU
decomposition

Reference Books
 Brian Bradie, A Friendly Introduction to Numerical Analysis, Pearson
Education, India, 2007.
 M.K. Jain, S.R.K. Iyengar and R.K. Jain, Numerical Methods for Scientific and
Engineering
 Computation, 6th Ed., New age International Publisher, India, 2007.
 C.F. Gerald and P.O. Wheatley, Applied Numerical Analysis, Pearson
Education, India, 2008.
 Uri M. Ascher and Chen Greif, A First Course in Numerical Methods, 7th Ed.,
PHI Learning Private Limited, 2013.
 John H. Mathews and Kurtis D. Fink, Numerical Methods using Matlab, 4th
Ed., PHI Learning Private Limited, 2012.
 Scarborough, James B., Numerical Mathematical Analysis, Oxford and IBH
publishing co.
 Atkinson, K. E., An Introduction to Numerical Analysis, John Wiley and Sons,
1978.
 YashavantKanetkar, Let Us C , BPB Publications

GE4P: Numerical Methods Lab Credits 02

Numerical Methods Lab 02 Credits

List of practical (using any software)

1. Calculate the sum 1/1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + ----------+ 1/ N.
2. Enter 100 integers into an array and sort them in an ascending order.
3. Solution of transcendental and algebraic equations by
v) Bisection method
vi) Newton Raphson method.
vii) Secant method.
viii) Regula Falsi method.
4. Solution of system of linear equations
v) LU decomposition method
vi) Gaussian elimination method
vii) Gauss-Jacobi method
viii) Gauss-Seidel method
5. Interpolation
iii) Lagrange Interpolation
iv) Newton Interpolation
6. Numerical Integration
v) Trapezoidal Rule
vi) Simpson’s one third rule
vii) Weddle’s Rule
viii) Gauss Quadrature
7. Method of finding Eigenvalue by Power method
8. Fitting a Polynomial Function

Note: For any of the CAS (Computer aided software) Data types-simple data types,
floating data types, character data types, arithmetic operators and operator precedence,
variables and constant declarations, expressions, input/output, relational operators, logical
operators and logical expressions, control statements and loop statements, Arrays should
be introduced to the students.

GE-4: Partial Differential Equations & Applications Credits 06

[This course must be offered after completion the course Differential equation & Vector
Calculus]

GE4T: Partial Differential Equations & Applications

Unit 1
Partial differential equations – Basic concepts and definitions. Mathematical problems.
First- order equations: classification, construction and geometrical interpretation. Method
of characteristics for obtaining general solution of quasi linear equations. Canonical forms
of first-order linear equations. Method of separation of variables for solving first order
partial differential equations.

Unit 4
Central force. Constrained motion, varying mass, tangent and normal components of
acceleration, modelling ballistics and planetary motion, Kepler's second law.

Unit 5
Graphical Representation (Teaching aid)
1. Solution of Cauchy problem for first order PDE.
2. Finding the characteristics for the first order PDE.

(b)
u ( x,0) = φ ( x), u t ( x,0) = ψ ( x), u (0, t ) = 0 x ∈ (0, ∞), t > 0
∂ 2u 2 ∂ u
2
−c =0
5. Solution of wave equation ∂t ∂x 2
2
for the following associated
conditions:
u ( x,0) = φ ( x), u (o, t ) = a, u (l , t ) = b, 0 < x < l , t > 0.
(a)
u ( x,0) = φ ( x), x ∈ R, 0 < t < T .

Unit 2
Ring homomorphisms, properties of ring homomorphisms. Isomorphism theorems I, II
and III, field of quotients.

Unit 3
Vector spaces, subspaces, algebra of subspaces, quotient spaces, linear combination of
vectors, linear span, linear independence, basis and dimension, dimension of subspaces.

Multivariate Calculus 6 Credits

Unit 4
Green’s theorem, surface integrals, integrals over parametrically defined surfaces. Stoke’s
theorem, The Divergence theorem.

END

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9 - Math - UG Syllabus

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9 - Math - UG Syllabus

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VIDYASAGAR UNIVERSITY

Curriculum for 3-Year BSc (HONOURS)

Under Choice Based Credit System (CBCS)

Total in all semester: 142 1900

DSE-2: Probability & Statistics

DSE-4: Mathematics Modeling

Skill Enhancement Course (SEC)

SEC-1: Object Oriented Programming in C++

GE-1: Calculus, Geometry & Differential Equation

GE-3: Differential Equation & Vector Calculus

GE-4: Numerical Methods

C1T: Calculus, Geometry &Differential Equation

Graphical Demonstration (Teaching Aid)

CC-2: Algebra Credits 06

CC-3 : Real Analysis Credits 06

Graphical Demonstration (Teaching aid)

CC-4: Differential Equations & Vector Calculus Credits 06

C4T: Differential Equations & Vector Calculus

CC-5: Theory of Real Functions& Introduction to Metric Space

CC-6: Group Theory 1 Credits 06

CC-7: Numerical Methods Credits 06

C7P: Numerical Methods Lab Credits 02

List of practical (using any software)

CC-8: Riemann Integration and Series of Functions Credits 06

C8T: Riemann Integration and Series of Functions

CC-9 Multivariate Calculus Credits 06

C9T: Multivariate Calculus

CC-11: Partial Differential Equations & Applications Credits 06

CC-13: Metric Spaces and Complex Analysis Credits 06

C13T: Metric Spaces and Complex Analysis

CC-14: Ring Theory and Linear Algebra II Credits 06

C14T: Ring Theory and Linear Algebra II

DSE1T: Linear Programming

DSE1T: Point Set Topology

DSE1T: Theory of Equations

DSE-2: Probability and Statistics Credits 06

DSE2T: Probability and Statistics

DSE2T: Boolean Algebra and Automata Theory

DSE2: Portfolio Optimization Credits 06

DSE2T: Portfolio Optimization

DSE -3: Mechanics Credits 06

DSE-3: Number Theory Credits 06

DSE-4: Mathematical Modelling Credits 06

DSE4T: Mathematical Modelling

Graphical demonstration as Teaching aid using any software

DSE-4: Differential Geometry Credits 06

DSE-4: Bio Mathematics Credits 06

DSE4T: Bio Mathematics

Skill Enhancement Course (SEC)

SEC-1: Object Oriented Programming in C++ Credits 02

SEC-1: Logic and Sets Credits 02

SEC1T: Logic and Sets

SEC-2: Graph Theory Credits 02

SEC2T: Graph Theory

SEC2T: Computer Graphics

SEC-2: Operating System: Linux Credits 02

SEC2T: Operating System: Linux

GE-1: Calculus, Geometry & Differential Equation Credits 06

GE1T: Calculus, Geometry & Differential Equation

Graphical Demonstration (Teaching Aid)

GE-2 : Algebra Credits 06

GE-3: Differential Equations &Vector Calculus Credits 06

GE3T: Differential Equations &Vector Calculus

GE3T: Group Theory 1

Theory of Real Functions & Introduction to Metric Space 6 Credits

GE-4: Numerical Methods Credits 06

GE4P: Numerical Methods Lab Credits 02

Numerical Methods Lab 02 Credits

List of practical (using any software)

GE-4: Partial Differential Equations & Applications Credits 06

GE4T: Partial Differential Equations & Applications

Multivariate Calculus 6 Credits

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