Scribd
Upload
8 views

6 Static Routing Protocol

Uploaded by

aseggedechderessa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views

6 Static Routing Protocol

Uploaded by

aseggedechderessa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

Introduction to Switched Networks

Outline
Static Routing Implementation
Configure Static and Default Routes
Configure Summary and Floating Static Routes

2
Static Routing

Reach Remote Networks


A router can learn about remote networks in
one of two ways:
• Manually - Remote networks are manually
entered into the route table using static
routes.
• Dynamically - Remote routes are
automatically learned using a dynamic
routing protocol.

3
Static Routing

Why Use Static Routing?


Static routing provides some advantages over
dynamic routing, including:
• Static routes are not advertised over the
network, resulting in better security.
• Static routes use less bandwidth than dynamic
routing protocols, no CPU cycles are used to
calculate and communicate routes.
• The path a static route uses to send data is
known.

4
Static Routing

Why Use Static Routing? (cont.)


Static routing has the following disadvantages:
• Initial configuration and maintenance is time-
consuming.
• Configuration is error-prone, especially in large
networks.
• Administrator intervention is required to maintain
changing route information.
• Does not scale well with growing networks;
maintenance becomes cumbersome.
• Requires complete knowledge of the whole network
for proper implementation.

5
Static Routing

When to Use Static Routes


Static routing has three primary uses:
• Providing ease of routing table maintenance in
smaller networks that are not expected to grow
significantly.
• Routing to and from stub networks. A stub network
is a network accessed by a single route, and the router
has no other neighbors.
• Using a single default route to represent a path to
any network that does not have a more specific match
with another route in the routing table. Default routes
are used to send traffic to any destination beyond the
next upstream router.

6
Types of Static Routes

Static Route Applications


Static Routes are often used to:
• Connect to a specific network.
• Provide a Gateway of Last Resort for a stub
network.
• Reduce the number of routes advertised by
summarizing several contiguous networks as
one static route.
• Create a backup route in case a primary route
link fails.

7
Types of Static Routes

Standard Static Route

8
Types of Static Routes

Default Static Route


• A default static route is a route that matches
all packets.
• A default route identifies the gateway IP
address to which the router sends all IP
packets that it does not have a learned or
static route.
• A default static route is simply a static route
with 0.0.0.0/0 as the destination IPv4
address.

9
Types of Static Routes

Floating Static Route


• Floating static routes are static routes that are used to provide a backup
path to a primary static or dynamic route, in the event of a link failure.
• The floating static route is only used when the primary route is not
available.
• To accomplish
this, the floating static
route is configured with
a higher administrative
distance than the primary
route.

10
Configure IPv4 Static Routes

ip route Command

11
Configure IPv4 Static Routes

Next-Hop Options
The next hop can be identified by an IP address,
exit interface, or both. How the destination is
specified creates one of the three following route
types:
• Next-hop route - Only the next-hop IP address
is specified.
• Directly connected static route - Only the
router exit interface is specified.
• Fully specified static route - The next-hop IP
address and exit interface are specified.

12
Configure IPv4 Static Routes

Configure a Next-Hop Static Route


When a packet is destined for the 192.168.2.0/24 network, R1:
1. Looks for a match in the routing table and finds that it has to forward
the packets to the next-hop IPv4 address 172.16.2.2.
2. R1 must now determine how
to reach 172.16.2.2; therefore,
it searches a second time for a
172.16.2.2 match.

13
Configure IPv4 Static Routes

Configure Directly Connected Static


Route

14
Configure IPv4 Static Routes

Configure a Fully Specified Static Route


In a fully specified static route:
• Both the output interface and the next-hop IP
address are specified.
• This is another type of static route that is used in
older IOSs, prior to CEF.
• This form of static route is used when the output
interface is a multi-access interface and it is
necessary to explicitly identify the next hop.
• The next hop must be directly connected to the
specified exit interface.

15
Configure IPv4 Static Routes

Verify a Static Route


Along with ping and traceroute, useful
commands to verify static routes include:
• show ip route
• show ip route static
• show ip route network

16
Configure IPv4 Default Routes

Default Static Route

17
Configure IPv4 Default Routes

Configure a Default Static Route

18
Configure Floating Static Routes

Floating Static Routes


Floating static routes are static routes that
have an administrative distance greater than
the administrative distance of another static
route or dynamic routes:
• The administrative distance of a static route can be increased to make
the route less desirable than that of another static route or a route
learned through a dynamic routing protocol.
• In this way, the static route “floats” and is not used when the route with
the better administrative distance is active.
• However, if the preferred route is lost, the floating static route can take
over, and traffic can be sent through this alternate route.

19
Configure Floating Static Routes

Test the Floating Static Route


To test a floating static route:
• Use a show ip route command to verify that the routing table is using
the default static route.
• Use a traceroute command to follow the traffic flow out the primary
route.
• Disconnect the primary link or shutdown the primary exit interface.
• Use a show ip route command to verify that the routing table is using
the floating static route.
• Use a traceroute command to follow the traffic flow out the backup
route.

20
end

You might also like