HEAT PREPARED BY ARIF RAZA 0334-3653937

CHAPTER # 11 QUESTIONS [email protected]

HEAT

1993
Q.1 (a) Differentiate between heat and temperature in the light of the molecular concept of matter. (5)
Q.1 (b) State perfect gas laws and show that they may be combined to give the equation of state of an ideal gas.
(1+1+1+3)
Q.1 (c) Choose the correct answers from the following:- (4)
(i) The temperature at which Centigrade scale is equal to Fahrenheit scale is ___.
* 0 * -32 * * 100 * 273
(ii) If a substance contracts on freezing, an increase of pressure ___ the freezing point.
* Decreases * Increases
* Does not change * None of these
(iii) Amount of heat which is absorbed during the change of state without the rise in temperature is
known as ___.
* Specific heat * Latent heat
* Thermal conductivity * None of these
(iv) According to kinetic theory of gases, the root mean square speed of gas molecules is directly
proportional to ___.
* √ * T * *
Q.2 (a) Explain the process of conduction of heat through a metallic rod. Give the factors on which the thermal
conduction depends. Define thermal conductivity and give its unit. (4+4+1+1)
Q.2 (c) Choose the correct answers from the following:- (1)
 When a body has the same temperature as that of its surrounding, then ___.
* It does not radiate heat
* It radiates the same quantity of heat as it receives from the surrounding
* It radiates less quantity of heat than it receives from the surrounding
* It radiates more quantity of heat than it receives from the surrounding
1994
Q.1 (a) Define Molar specific heat of gases at constant volume and at constant pressure. (1+1)
Q.1 (b) Prove that for Mono atomic gases (7)
Q.1 (c) Calculate . (6)
Q.2 (a) State and explain the First law of thermodynamics. (1+4)
Q.2 (b) Apply this law to explain any two of the following:- (3+3)
(i) Isobaric process;
(ii) Isochoric process;
(iii) Isothermal process;
(iv) Adiabatic process.
1995
Q.1 (a) Explain the terms co-efficient of linear expansion and co-efficient of cubical expansion . (2+2)
Q.1 (b) Establish a mathematical relationship between the above two terms. (5)
Q.2 (a) Give the Kelvin and Clausius‟s statements for the second law of thermodynamics. (2+2)
Q.2 (b) Describe Carnot‟s cycle. Derive an expression for the efficiency of the Carnot engine. (5+2)
Q.9 (a) Fill in the blanks:- (2)
(i) When temperature of source and sink of a heat engine becomes equal, the entropy change will
be zero. ( )
(ii) Quantity of heat in a body depends upon its mass, temperature and specific heat.
Q.9 (b) Write down whether the following statements are True or False:- (2)
(i) Graph between “V” and “ at constant temperature is a hyperbola. F
(ix) Molar specific heat of a gas at constant volume is always greater than that of at constant
pressure. F
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Q.9 (c) Select the correct answer for each from the following:- (2)
(ii) Mean translational kinetic energy per molecule of an ideal gas is given by ___.
* * * * None of these
(iii) Process in which there is no heat exchange is called ___.
* Isothermal process * Isochoric process
* Adiabatic process * Isobaric process
1996
Q.1 (a) (i) Select the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
The pressure and volume formula of a gas undergoing an Adiabatic change is ___.
* * PV = Constant
* * (
(ii) Write True or False for the following:- (1)
The first law of thermodynamics is an expression of the law of conservation of energy.
T
Q.1 (b) State First law of thermodynamics and explain the terms used in it. Explain Isobaric process and
Isothermal process with the help of this law. (1+3+2.5+2.5)
Q.2 (a) (i) Fill in the blanks with the correct answers:- (1)
During the change of state the heat supplied does not change the temperature, it is used in
change of state as latent heat.
(ii) True or False:- (1)
The boiling point of pure water at standard pressure is 273 K. F
Q.2 (b) State the basic assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory of gases. Show that the pressure of an ideal
gas is ̅̅̅̅ where is the density of gas. (3+6)

1997
Q.1 (a) Write True or False for the following statements:- (2)
(i) The unit of Specific heat capacity is . F
(ii) One kilogram of hydrogen contains more atoms than one kilogram of lead. T
Q.1 (b) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
A gas exerts pressure on the walls of the containing vessel because ___.
* It possess momentum
* The gas molecules collide with each other
* The gas has a finite volume
Q.1 (c) Define Co-efficient of linear expansion and Co-efficient of cubical expansion. Give their units. Show that
where and have their usual meanings. (1+1+1+2)
Q.1 (d) What is a common example of a device based on thermal expansion? Describe briefly its
working. (1+2)
Q.2 (a) Write True or False for the following statements:- (2)
(i) If the temperature of the source is increased the efficiency of a Carnot engine decreases.
F
(ii) At the boiling point the heat added to a substance increases its temperature. F
Q.2 (b) State Kelvin and Clausius's statements of the second law of thermodynamics. (1+1)
Q.2 (c) Describe Carnot cycle and derive an expression for its efficiency. (5+2)
1998
Q.1 (a) (i) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
If a substance contracts on freezing, the increase of pressure ___ the freezing point.
* Increases * Decreases * Does not change
(ii) Fill in the blank with the correct answer:- (1)
The amount of heat which is absorbed during the change of state without the rise in temperature
is known as Latent heat.
(iii) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
A thermo flask contains hot tea. It is shaken rapidly. If the tea is considered as the system, then
its temperature will ___.

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* Remain the same * Rise

* Fall * Have its internal energy changed
Q.1 (b) What are the basic assumptions of the Kinetic theory of gases? (3)
Starting from the equation ̅̅̅̅ , show that the absolute temperature of an ideal gas is directly
proportional to the average translational kinetic energy of the molecule. (4)
Verify Charles‟s law on the basis of the kinetic theory of gases. (2)
Q.2 (a) (i) Write True or False for the following:- (1)
Under no condition can heat be transferred from a body at a low temperature to one at a higher
temperature. F
(ii) Fill in the blank with the correct answer:- (1)
If heat energy is removed from the system, the change in entropy is negative (OR it decreases).
(iii) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
If the temperature of the cold body is decreased, the efficiency of a Carnot engine ___.
* Decreases * Increases * Remains constant
Q.2 (b) What is Thermodynamics? (1)
State the two laws of Thermodynamics. (2)
Explain what do you mean by Isothermal and Adiabatic processes? (2+2)
1999
Q.1 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(i) The temperature at which Centigrade scale is equal to Fahrenheit scale is ___.
* 0 * -32 * * 100 * -273
(ii) The average K.E. of a molecule of a perfect gas is ___.
* * *
(iii) Write True or False for the following:- (1)
The pressure and volume formula of a gas undergoing an Adiabatic change is
F
Q.1 (b) (i) What is Molar Specific heat? (1)
Why does a gas have two molar specific heats? Define them. (2+1)
Ans:- The molar specific heat of the substance is defined as the heat required to change the
temperature of one mole of the substance through 1 K. In case of solids and liquids the change of
volume and hence work done against external pressure during a change of temperature is
negligibly small. But same cannot be said about gases which suffer variation in pressure as well
as in volume with the change in temperature. Hence, to study the effect of heating on gases,
either pressure or volume is kept constant. Thus, it is customary to define the molar specific heats
of a gas in two ways.
(ii) Derive an expression for the difference of two molar specific heats of a gas. (5)
Q.1 (c) Show that for a monoatomic gas where the symbols and R have their usual meanings. (3)
Q.2 (a) (i) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
The internal energy in an Isothermal process ___.
* Decreases * Increases
* Becomes zero * Remains the same
(ii) Fill in the blank with correct answer:- (1)
If a liquid contracts on freezing, an increase of pressure increases the freezing point.
(iii) Write True or False for the following:- (1)
The graph of pressure and volume of a certain mass of a gas at constant temperature is a
hyperbola. T
Q.2 (b) (i) Give the two statements of Second law of Thermodynamics. (3)
(ii) What is a Carnot engine? (1)
Describe the various operations of a Carnot engine and obtain an expression for its efficiency.
(3+1)
(iii) Show that the efficiency of a Carnot engine is less than 100%. (1)
2000
Q.1 (a) (i) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
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273 K =___.
* 0 0F * *
(ii) Fill in the blank with correct answer:- (1)
A system in which there is no transfer of mass and energy is called a/an isolated system.
(iii) Write True or False for the following statement:- (1)
0 0
The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one kg of water from 30 C to 40 C is
42,000 J. T
Q.1 (b) State and explain Boyle‟s law and Charles's law. (2+2)
Q.1 (c) Using the equation of pressure , verify Boyle‟s law and Charle‟s law on the basis of Kinetic
theory of gases. (2+2)
Q.2 (a) (i) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
0 0
Two ends of a rod are at temperatures -10 C and -30 C respectively. Heat will flow from ___.
* * *
(ii) Fill in the blank with correct answer:- (1)
The co-efficient of linear expansion is times the co-efficient of volume expansion.
(iii) Write True or False for the following statement:- (1)
Entropy is the disorder of the system. T
Q.2 (b) What is Thermodynamics? (1)
State and explain the First law of thermodynamics. (1+1)
Q.2 (c) On the basis of the first law of Thermodynamics, explain:- (2+2)
(i) Isobaric process;
(ii) Isothermal process.
2001
Q.1 (a) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (3)
(i) The pressure exerted by the gas molecules on the walls of a vessel increases if the ___.
* Temperature of the gas decreases
* Velocity of the molecules of the gas decreases
* Collisions of the molecules of the gas with its walls increases
* None of the above happens
(ii) The net change in entropy of a system in a natural process is ___.
* Positive * Negative * Zero * Infinite
(iii) Which of the following statements is true?
* Heat can be converted completely in to work
* Work can be converted completely in to heat
* Both work and heat are inter-convertible
* Neither heat nor work is inter-convertible
Q.1 (b) Show that . (4)
Q.1 (c) Deduce the General gas equation . (4)
Q.2 (a) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (3)
(i) The K.E. of the molecules of an ideal gas at absolute zero temperature will be ___.
* Infinite * Zero * Very high * Below zero
(ii) In an isothermal process, the internal energy of the system ___.
* Remains the same * Increases
* Decreases * None of them happens
(iii) Real gas molecules do not strictly obey gas laws at ___.
* High pressure and low temperature * Low pressure and high temperature
* High pressure and high temperature * None of the above
Q.2 (b) Derive an expression for the efficiency of a Carnot‟s engine. (2)
Draw a labeled graphical representation of the Carnot‟s cycle. (2)
Q.2 (c) Prove that the Co-efficient of Cubical expansion is three times the Co-efficient of Linear expansion.
2002 P/M
Q.1 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(i) The temperature on Fahrenheit scale corresponding to Absolute zero is ___.
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* 32 0F * -180 0F * * 212 0F
0
(ii) The pressure exerted by a column of mercury 76 cm high at 0 C is called ___.
* 1 liter * 1 cm3 * * 1 N/m2
(iii) The universal gas constant per molecule is called ___.
* Plank‟s constant * Stefan‟s constant
* Avogadro‟s constant * Boltzmann’s constant
Q.1 (b) Show that , where “ and “ have their usual meanings. (3)
Q.1 (c) Using the equation of pressure, , prove that the absolute temperature of an ideal gas is
proportional to the average translational kinetic energy of the molecule. (5)
Q.2 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(i) The quantity of heat required for per degree rise in temperature of a body is called ___.
* Heat of vaporization * Heat of fusion
* Specific heat capacity * Heat capacity
(ii) The P-V diagram in the figure is for ___.
* An isothermal change * An Adiabatic change
* An Isochoric change * None of these
(iii) In an isobaric process the work done is equal to ___.
* * * *
Hint:- We know V V and V so W = nR .
Q.2 (b) What is Thermodynamics? Give two statements of the Second law of Thermodynamics. (1+2)
Q.2 (c) On the basis of the First law of Thermodynamics explain the following:- (2.5+2.5)
(i) Isothermal process;
(ii) Isobaric process.
2002 P/E
Q.1 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (3)
* The product of P and T is constant if the volume is constant
* The ratio of P and V is constant if the temperature is constant
* The product of P and V is constant if the temperature is constant
* The product of V and T is constant if the pressure is constant
(ii) The S.I. unit of heat is ___.
* Joule * Calorie * Centigrade * Fahrenheit
(iii) Zero on the Celsius scale is equal to ___.
* * 32 K * 100 K * 212 K
Q.1 (b) Verify Boyle‟s law and Charles‟s law on the basis of Kinetic theory of gases. (1.5+1.5)
Q.1 (c) Describe construction and working of a Carnot engine. (1+4)
Q.2 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(i) The internal energy of a system depends on ___.
* Pressure * Volume * Temperature * Entropy
(ii) The entropy of the universe ___.
* Always remains constant * Always decrease
* Either remains constant or increases * Always increases
(iii) The process during which no external work is performed is ___.
* Isothermal * Isochoric * Isobaric * Adiabatic
Q.2 (b) Explain any One of the following:- (3)
(i) Isobaric process (ii) Adiabatic process
Q.2 (c) Describe the working of a Bimetallic strip as thermostat. (Draw necessary diagrams.) (4+1)
2003 P/M
Q.1 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(i) 273 Kelvin corresponds to ___.
* 273 0C * -32 0F * * -273 0C
(ii) One cubic meter is equal to ___.
* * 102 cm3 * 103 cm3 * 10-3 cm3

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(iii) If the pressure of the gas is doubled, keeping the temperature constant, the volume of the gas is
___.
* Reduced to one-fourth * Doubled
* Reduced to one-half of the original volume * Increased four times
Q.1 (b) What is Thermal expansion? Derive an expression for the Co-efficient of Linear expansion. (1+2)
Q.1 (c) Show that the difference between Molar Specific heat of a gas at constant pressure and Molar Specific
Heat of a gas at constant volume is equal to the Universal Gas Constant. (5)
Q.2 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(i) According to Charles's law ___.
* VT = constant, when the pressure is constant
*
* PV = constant, when the temperature is constant * None of these
(ii) If the volume of the system remains constant during a process, it is called ___.
* Isochoric * Isothermal * Isobaric * Adiabatic
(iii) Boltzmann constant is equal to ___.
√
* * * * *
Q.2 (b) Give Kelvin‟s and Clausius‟s statement for the Second Law of Thermodynamics and prove that they are
equivalent. (1+1+1)
Q.2 (c) Show that the pressure of an ideal gas is , where “ is the density of the gas. (5)

2003 P/E
Q.1 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(i) According to Charles's law ___.
* PV = constant *
* VT = constant *
(ii) The temperature at which Centigrade scale is equal to Fahrenheit scale is ___.
* 00 * -320 * * -2730
0
(iii) The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance through 1 C is
known as ___.
* Specific heat * Latent heat * Calorie * Joule
Q.1 (b) State the basic assumptions of the Kinetic Molecular Theory of gases. (3)
Q.1 (c) Using the first law of Thermodynamics, prove the relation , where the symbols have their
usual meanings. (5)
Q.2 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(i) The internal energy in an isothermal process ___.
* Decreases * Increases
* Becomes zero * Remains the same
(ii) The maximum efficiency of a heat engine is obtained by ___.
* Increasing the temperature of the hot and cold simultaneously, keeping others factors
constant
* Decreasing the temperature of the sink and increasing the temperature of the
source keeping the others factors constant
* Decreasing the temperatures simultaneously
* None of these
(iii) The change of Entropy is given by ___.
* * * *
Q.2 (b) Define the co-efficient of Linear Expansion and the co-efficient of Cubical Expansion and derive the
relation between them. (1+1+3)
Q.2 (c) Explain the concept of Entropy. Also state the Second law of Thermodynamics in terms of
Entropy. (2+1)
2004
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Q.1 (a) (i) Select the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
During an Adiabatic change, the pressure and volume formula of a gas is given by ___.
* PV = constant *
* *
(ii) Write True or false for the following:- (1)
Centigrade and Fahrenheit scales can never be equal at any temperature. F
(iii) Fill in the blank with the correct answer:- (1)
The co-efficient of linear expansion is times the co-efficient of volume expansion.
Q.1 (b) Express a relation for Molar Specific Heat. (2)
Why are there two different Molar Specific Heats of a gas? Explain. (1)
Ans:- See 1999 Q 1 (b) (i) for answer.
Q.1 (c) Derive the expression , where the symbols have their usual meanings. (5)
Q.2 (a) (i) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
The unit of specific heat is ___.
-1 -1 -1
* J kg C * * J kg C * J kg C
(ii) Write True or false for the following:- (1)
If heat energy is removed from the system, the change in Entropy is positive. F
(iii) Fill in the blank with the correct answer:- (1)
In an Isobaric process the work done is P or nR .
Q.2 (b) Derive the relation , where = Co-efficient of Linear Expansion, = Co-efficient of Volume
Expansion. (3)
Q.2 (c) State the First Law of Thermodynamics and apply this law to:- (1+2+2)
(i) Isobaric process (ii) Isochoric process
2005
Q.1 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(i) RMS velocity of a gas molecule at absolute zero temperature is ___.
* * * *
(ii) The value of Boltzmann constant is ___.
* *
* *
(iii) The heat required to produce a unit change in the temperature of a unit mass of a substance is
called ___.
* Heat capacity * Molar heat * Specific heat * Latent heat
Q.1 (b) What do you understand by Thermal Expansion? (1)
What is the relation between co-efficient of linear expansion and co-efficient of volume expansion? Derive
0 0
the relation for the length of a rod at a given temperature t C when l0 is its length at 0 C. (1+2)
Q.1 (c) Briefly describe any two processes of thermodynamics. Draw the graph and give the mathematical
equation for each. (2+2)
Q.2 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(i) The difference of Molar specific heats at constant pressure and at constant volume per mole is
called ___.
* Molar heat * Heat constant
* Boltzmann constant * Gas constant
(ii) A domestic pressure is based on ___.
* Adiabatic process * Isothermal process
* Isobaric process * Isochoric process
0
(iii) The absolute temperature corresponding to 212 F is ___.
* 485 K * * 161 K * 100 K
Q.2 (b) Define Heat Capacity, Specific Heat and Molar Specific Heat. Write down their mathematical equations
and their units. (1+1+1)
Establish the relation between molar specific heat and common specific heat. (1)
Q.2 (c) What is a heat engine? (1)
Describe the working of a Carnot engine and derive the equation for its efficiency. (2+1)

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2006
Q.1 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (3)
0
(i) In Celsius scale ( a difference of i.e., )1 C in magnitude is equal to ___.
* 32 0F * 16 0F * 0 0F *
(ii) The maximum work done can be measured in the process called ___.
* Isobaric * Isochoric * Isothermal * Adiabatic
(iii) The change in disorder of the system is equal to ___.
* * * *
Q.1 (b) State the gas laws. How are they combined to give the equation of an ideal gas? (1+1+2)
st nd
Q.1 (c) State the 1 and 2 Laws of Thermodynamics. (1+1)
Describe briefly Isobaric process OR Adiabatic process with graphical representation. (2)
Q.2 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(i) One cubic meter volume is equal to ___.
2 3 3 3 3
* 10 cm * 10 cm * * cm
(ii) In C.G.S. system one calorie of heat is equal to ___.
* 11.184 J * 2.184 J * 3.184 J *
(iii) The efficiency of a Carnot engine is given by ___.
* * * *
Q.2 (b) Using the equation for pressure , prove that the absolute temperature for an ideal gas is
proportional to the average translational K.E. of the molecules. (4)
st
Q.2 (c) Using the 1 Law of Thermodynamics, show that sum of molar specific heat of a gas at constant
volume and the molar gas constant is equal to the molar specific heat of the gas at constant pressure.
(4)
2007
Q.1 (a) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (3)
(i) Fahrenheit and Celsius scales of temperature coincide at ___.
* 00 * 2730 * 2730 *
(ii) The volume of a gas at constant pressure becomes zero at ___.
* 273 K * 273 0C * -273 K *
(iii) According to the Kinetic Theory of gases the absolute temperature of a perfect gas is ___.
* Inversely proportional to the K.E. of the molecules
* Equal to the kinetic energy of the molecules
* Directly proportional to the average translational kinetic energy of the molecules
* Independent of the kinetic energy of the molecules.
Q.1 (b) State the basic assumptions of the Kinetic Molecular Theory of gases. (3)
Q.1 (c) Show that the pressure of an ideal gas is , where represents the density of the gas. (4)
Verify Boyle‟s Law on the basis of the Kinetic Theory. (1)
Q.2 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(i) The area of a Carnot cycle represents ___.
* Energy loss due to leakage * Heat rejected
* Heat absorbed * Useful work
0 0
(ii) Two ends „A‟ and „B‟ of a rod are at temperatures -10 C and -30 C. The heat will flow from ___.
* 30 to 10 * Will not flow at all
* * None of the above
(iii) 273 K is equal to ___.
* 0 0F * -32 * -273 0F *
Q.2 (b) Define heat capacity, specific heat and molar specific heat. Write down the mathematical relations
and their units. (1+1+1)
Establish the equation of relation between the molar specific heat and common specific heat. (1)
Q.2 (c) Describe the complete operation of a Carnot engine and obtain an expression for its Efficiency. (4+1)

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2008
Q.1 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(i) The kinetic energy per mole of a gas is ___.
* * * *
(ii) If the volume of a given mass of a gas is doubled without changing its temperature, the
pressure of the gas is ___.
* * Reduced to of the initial value
* The same as the initial value * Double of the initial value
(iii) A bimetallic thermostat works on the principle of ___.
* Linear expansion * Bulk expansion
* Differential linear expansion * All of these
st
Q.1 (b) Employing the 1 Law of Thermodynamics in two isotherms at different temperatures obtained in PV
diagram, show that . (3)
Why is the specific heat at constant pressure greater than the specific heat at constant volume? (1)
Ans:- When a gas is heated at constant volume all the supplied heat goes in changing the
temperature because no work can be done by the system on surrounding due to constant volume. While
in case of constant pressure work is done by the system on the surrounding with the same change in
temperature. Hence for the same temperature change greater heat is required at constant pressure
because of the work done.
Q.1 (c) Define Linear Expansion. How does the concept of linear expansion help the fabrication of bimetallic
strips? (1+1)
Explain the working of a bimetallic strip in a thermostat. (2)
Q.2 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(i) The area bounded by the isothermal and an adiabatic curve in a PV diagram for a heat engine
represents ___.
* Heat intake * Heat rejected
* Work done * Total kinetic energy
(ii) Entropy has been called the degree of disorder because ___.
* The entropy of the universe remains constant
* The entropy of the universe always decreases
* The entropy of the universe always increases
* None of these
(iii) A thermodynamic process in which the change in volume of the system is zero tells that ___.
* The work done by the system is maximum
* The work done on the system is maximum
* The work done on and by the system is zero
* None of the above
Q.2 (b) State and explain the First Law of Thermodynamics. (1+1)
st
On the basis of the 1 Law explain Isothermal OR Isobaric process. (2)
Q.2 (c) Using the relation deduce the expressions of the Boyle‟s Law and the Charle‟s Law. (2+2)

2009
Q.1 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(i) Heat energy cannot be measured in ___.
* J * B.T.U * Kelvin * Calorie
(ii) Boyle‟s Law holds good for an ideal gas in a process called ___.
* Isobaric * Isochoric * Isothermal * Adiabatic
(iii) According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics 100 percent conversion of heat energy in to
work is ___.
* Possible * Not possible
* Possible when conditions are ideal * Possible when conditions are not ideal
Q.1 (b) Show that the average translational kinetic energy per molecule is directly proportional to the absolute
temperature. (3)
Q.1 (c) Derive a relation for the pressure of an ideal gas in terms of its density and mean square velocity.(5)
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Q.2 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(i) If no heat flows into or out of a system, the process is called ___.
* Isobaric * Isothermal * Isochoric * Adiabatic
(ii) The molar heat capacities of polyatomic gases as compared to the monoatomic gases are ___.
* Greater * Smaller * Equal * Infinite
Ans:- The internal energy (or absolute temperature) of an ideal gas depends only on random
translational kinetic energy. So, increasing the random translational kinetic energy increases the
absolute temperature of a monoatomic gas at constant volume. But when the temperature is
increased by the same amount in a di-atomic or a poly-atomic gas, additional heat is needed
to supply the increased rotational and vibrational energies. This is why poly-atomic gases
have larger molar heat capacities than mono-atomic gases.
(iii) Thermostat is a device used to keep the ___.
* Temperature constant * Entropy constant
* Heat constant * Pressure constant
Q.2 (b) What do you mean by Entropy? (2)
Describe the Second Law of Thermodynamics in terms of Entropy. (1)
Q.2 (c) What is a Carnot Engine? Describe its working cycle. (1+3)
Prove that the efficiency of a Carnot engine is less than 100 percent above absolute temperature zero of
the sink. (1)
2010
Q.1 Choose the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (2)
0 0 0
(ii) Two steam engines A and B have their sources at 600 C and 400 C and their sinks at 300 C
0
and 200 C respectively ___.
* They are equally efficient * A is more efficient than B
* B is more efficient than A
* If their sinks are interchanged, their efficiencies will not change
Hint:- ( ) . Now, for “A” ( ) = 34.36% and
for “B” ( ) = 29.71 %. Hence “A” is more efficient than “B”.
0
(iii) On Fahrenheit scale the temperature of 50 C will be ___.
* 40 0F * 10 0F * * 105 0F
Q.2 (i) Write down two statements of second law of thermodynamics and prove their equivalence. (2+2)
Q.3 (a) On the basis of Kinetic Theory of gases, derive an expression for the pressure of a gas. (5)
Also show that the absolute temperature of an ideal gas is directly proportional to the average
translational kinetic energy of the molecules. (2)
Q.5 (c) Using the First Law of Thermodynamics in two isotherms of an ideal gas at different temperatures, show
that (4)

2011
Q.1 Select the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(ix) Kinetic energy per mole of an ideal gas is ___.
* * * * *
(xii) In Adiabatic expansion, the internal energy of the gas ___.
* Remains the same * Decreases
* Increases * Becomes zero
Q.3 (a) What is Carnot engine? Describe its construction, working and derive an expression for its efficiency.
(1+1+4+1)
2012
Q.1 Select the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(vi) The maximum work done is possible in this process ___.
* Isobaric * Isochoric * Isothermal * Adiabatic
(xiii) Absolute zero corresponds to this temperature on Fahrenheit scale ___.
* 32 0F * -180 0F * * 212 0F

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Q.2 (xiv) It is observed that when a mercury bulb of a glass thermometer is put in a flame, the column of mercury
first descends and then rises. Explain it. (4)
Ans:- Since glass bulb is in direct contact with the flame therefore it expands first and the column of mercury
descends. But as soon as the heat reaches the liquid mercury, it expands and rises in the column. This is
because expansion of liquid mercury is greater than the glass bulb.
Q.3 (a) Derive a relation for the pressure of an ideal gas in terms of its density and mean square velocity. (7)
2013
Q.1 Select the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(iii) The kinetic energy per mole of a gas is ___.
* * * *
(viii) The sum of all the energies of the molecules in a substance is called ___.
* Heat energy * Temperature * Kinetic energy * Potential energy
Q.2 (viii) Define the co-efficient of Linear and Cubical expansion. Also prove that . (1+1+2)
Q.3 (a) Give the two statements of the Second law of Thermodynamics. On the basis of the First law of
Thermodynamics, explain Isobaric process and derive its equation. (7)

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Q.1 Q.2 (c) 1200 J of heat energy is supplied to the system at constant pressure. The internal energy of
the system is increased by 750 J and the volume by 4.5 cubic meters . Find the work
done against piston and the pressure on the piston. (4)
Hint:- , , , (i) , (ii)
(i)

(ii)

(450 J, 100 N/m2) 1994

Q.2 Q.1 (c) A meter bar of steel is at 0 0C and another meter bar is at
–2.5 0C . What will be the difference between their lengths at
30 0C . (6)

Hint:- , , ,
,
,

[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]

[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]

(0.00003 m OR ) 1995
Q.3 Q.2 (c) A heat engine performs work at the rate of 50 kW . The efficiency of the engine is
30% . Calculate the loss of heat per hour ). (4)
Hint:- , , ,

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( ) 1995
Q.4 Q.1 (c) In an Isobaric process when 2000 J of heat energy is supplied to a gas in a cylinder, the
piston moves through 0.1 m under a constant pressure of . If the area
of the piston is . Calculate the work done and the increase in internal
energy of the system. (4)
Hint:- , , , ,
,
(i)
[ ]

(ii)

(1010 J, 990 J) 1996

Q.5 Q.2 (c) Find the rms speed of nitrogen molecule at 27 0C . Given the mass of
nitrogen molecule to be , . (4)
Hint:- √̅̅̅ , ,

√̅̅̅ √

(515.70 m/s) 1996

Q.6 Q.1 (c) A glass flask is filled to the mark with 60 cm3 V of mercury at 20 0C . If the flask and
its contents are heated to 40 0C , how much mercury will be above the mark?
0C and 0C) (4)
Hint:- V V , ,
, V V
V V
V ( ) V
V ( ) V V V
V [ ]
V [ ]
V [ ]
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V [ ]
V [ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]

( ) 1997
Q.7 Q.2 (d) A Carnot engine whose low temperature reservoir is at 200 K has an efficiency of 50 % .
It is desired to increase this to 75 % . By how many degrees must the temperature decreased
, if higher temperature of the reservoir remains constant? (4)
Hint:- , , ,

(100 K) 1997
Q.8 Q.1 (c) Find the root-mean square speed of a hydrogen molecule at 7 0C . Take the
mass of a hydrogen molecule to be and
Boltzmann‟s constant = . (3)
Hint:- Same as Q.5
(1868.6 m/s) 1998
Q.9 Q.2 (c) 540 calories of heat is required to vaporize 1 gm of water at
1000C . Determine the entropy change involved in vaporizing 5 gm of water.
(5)
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Hint:- , ,

(30.4 J/K) 1998

Q.10 Q.2 (c) Find the efficiency of a Carnot engine working between 100 0C and
50 0C . (3)
Hint:- , ,

(13.5 %) 1999
Q.11 Q.1 (d) Calculate the volume V occupied by a gram-mole of a gas at 10 0C and
pressure of one atmosphere. (4)
(Given:- )
Hint:- V , mole, ,

(0.0233 ) 2000
Q.12 Q.2 (d) In an Isobaric process when 2000 J of heat energy is supplied to a gas in a cylinder the
piston moves through 0.5 m under a constant pressure of . If the area of
the piston is . Calculate the work done and the increase in internal
energy of the system. (5)
Hint:- Same as Q.4
(1010 J, 990 J) 2000
Q.13 Q.1 (d) If one mole of a monoatomic gas is heated at constant pressure from -30 0C
to 20 0C , find the change in its internal energy and the work
done during the process. (4)
(
Hint:- , , ,
, , ,

(i)

(ii)

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(625 J, 415 J) 2001

Q.14 Q.2 (d) An ideal heat engine operates in Carnot‟s cycle between temperatures 227 0C and
127 0C and it absorbs 600 J of heat energy; find the:-
(i) Work done per cycle (ii) Efficiency of the engine ( (4)
Hint:- , ,
,
(i) , (ii)

(ii)

(i)

(120 J, 20 %) 2001
Q.15 Q.1 (d) Find the Root Mean Square velocity of a hydrogen gas molecule at 100 0C .
Take the mass of the hydrogen molecule to be and K = .
(4)
Hint:- Same as Q.5
(2156.7 m/s) 2002 P/M
Q.16 Q.2 (d) When 2000 J of heat energy is supplied to a gas in a cylinder at constant pressure of
, the piston of area of cross-section moves through
0.5 m ; calculate the work done and the increase in internal energy of the
system. (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.4
(1010 J, 990 J) 2002 P/M
Q.17 Q.1 (d) A heat engine performs 1,000 J of work and at the same time rejects 4,000 J of heat
energy to the cold reservoir. What is the efficiency of the heat engine? If the difference of
temperature between the sink and the source of this engine is
75 0C , find the temperature of its source ? (4)
Hint:- , , , ,
(i)

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(ii)

(20 %, 375 K) 2002 P/E

Q.18 Q.2 (d) A cylinder of diameter 1.00 cm at 30 0C is to be slide in to a hole in a steel plate. The hole has
a diameter of 0.99970 cm at 30 0C . To what temperature must the plate
be heated? ( 0C) (4)
Hint:- , , ,

[ ]

(330.27 K) 2002 P/E

Q.19 Q.1 (d) The low temperature reservoir of a Carnot engine is at 50C and has an efficiency of
40 % . It is desired to increase its efficiency to 50 % . By what degrees should the
temperature of the hot reservoir be increased ? (4)
Hint:- , , ,

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(92.7 K) 2003 P/M

Q.20 Q.2 (d) An air storage tank whose volume is 110 liters contains 2 kg of air at a pressure of
15 atmospheres . How much air would have to be forced in to the tank to
increase the pressure to 18 atmospheres , assuming no change in temperature? (4)
Hint:- V V , , , ,

(0.4 kg) 2003 P/M

Q.21 Q.1 (d) 1200 J of heat energy is supplied to the system at constant pressure. The internal energy
of the system is increased by 750 J and the volume by 4.5 m3 . Find the work done
against the piston and the pressure on the piston. (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.1
(450 J, 100 N/m2) 2003 P/E
Q.22 Q.2 (d) A Carnot engine whose low temperature reservoir is at 50C has an efficiency
of 40 % . It is desired to increase this efficiency to 50 % . By what degree should the
temperature of high-temperature reservoir be increased ? (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.19
(92.7 K) 2003 P/E
Q.23 Q.1 (d) Calculate the density ( of hydrogen gas, considering it to be an ideal gas, when the root
mean square velocity of hydrogen molecules are 1850 m/s at 00C and
1 atmosphere pressure . (1 atmospheric pressure = ) (4)
Hint:- , , ,

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√̅̅̅
√̅̅̅
̅̅̅
̅̅̅

̅̅̅

(0.08853 kg/ 2004

Q.24 Q.2 (d) The low temperature reservoir of a Carnot engine is at -3 0C and has an efficiency of
40 % . It is desired to increase the efficiency to 50 % . By how many degrees should the
temperature of the hot reservoir be increased ? (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.19
(90 K) 2004
Q.25 Q.1 (d) A brass ring of 20 cm diameter is to be mounted on to a metal rod of 20.02 cm diameter
at 20 0C . To what temperature should the ring be heated?
( 0C) (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.18
(345.63 K) 2005
Q.26 Q.2 (d) A 100 gm copper block is heated in boiling water for 10 minutes and then it is
dropped in to 150 gm of water at 30 0C in a
200 gm calorimeter. If the temperature of water is raised to
33.6 0C , determine the specific heat of the material of the
calorimeter? (4)
(For copper = 386 J/Kg.K)
Hint:- , ,
, ,
,
, ,

(409.8 J/Kg.K) 2005

Q.27 Q.1 (d) Find the change in volume of a brass sphere of 0.6 m diameter when it is heated
from 30 0C to 100 0C .( 0C) (4)
Hint:- , ,
,

[ ]

[ ( ) ]

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( ) 2006
Q.28 Q.2 (d) A Celsius thermometer in a laboratory reads the surrounding temperature as 30 0C ; what is
the temperature in the Fahrenheit scale and in absolute scale ? (4)
Hint:- , ,

(86 0F, 303 K) 2006

Q.29 Q.1 (d) Calculate the density ( of hydrogen gas, considering it to be an ideal gas, when root mean
square velocity of hydrogen molecules are 1850 m/s at 00C and
1 atmosphere pressure . (1 atmospheric pressure = ) (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.23
(0.08853 kg/ 2007
Q.30 Q.2 (d) A heat engine performs work at the rate of 50 kW . The efficiency of the engine is
30% . Calculate the loss of heat per hour ). (3)
Hint:- Same as Q.3
( ) 2007
Q.31 Q.1 (d) A steel bar is 10 m in length at -2.5 0C . What will be the change in its length
when it is at 25 0C ? ( 0C) (4)
Hint:- , , ,

(3.025 ) 2008
Q.32 Q.2 (d) A Carnot engine performs 2,000 J of work and rejects 4,000 J of heat to the sink. If the
difference of temperature between the source and the sink is
85 0C , find the temperatures of the source and the
sink . (4)
Hint:- W=2000 J, , , ,

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(257.57 K, 172.57 K) 2008

Q.33 Q.1 (d) A scientist stores 22 gm of a gas at 1200 atmospheres . Overnight the tank
develops slight leakage and the pressure drops to 950 atmospheres . Calculate the mass
| | of the gas escaped. (4)
Hint:- m, , , V V, | |

| |
| |

(4.6 gm) 2009

Q.34 Q.2 (d) In an Isobaric process when 2000 J of heat energy is supplied to a gas in a cylinder, the
piston of area moves through 40 cm under a pressure of
. Calculate the increase in internal energy of the system. (4)
Hint:- same as Q.4
(1192 J) 2009
Q.35 Q.2 (viii) A heat engine performing 400 J of work in each cycle has an efficiency of 25% . How
much heat is absorbed and rejected in each cycle? (4)
Hint:- , , ,

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(1600 J, 1200 J) 2010

Q.36 Q.2 (vi) A 200 g piece of metal is heated to 150 0C and then dropped in
to an aluminum calorimeter of mass 500 g , containing
500 g of water initially at 25 0C . Find the final
equilibrium temperature of the system. (4)
(
Hint:- , ,
, ,
,

( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )

(299.24 K) 2011
Q.37 Q.2 (x) A Carnot engine whose low temperature reservoir is at 200 K has an efficiency of 50 % .
It is desired to increase this to 75 % . By how many degrees must the temperature of low
temperature reservoir be decreased , if the temperature of the higher
temperature reservoir remains constant? (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.7
(100 K) 2012
Q.38 Q.2 (x) The difference of temperature between a hot and a cold body is . If the heat engine is
efficient , find the temperature of the hot and the cold body? (4)
Hint:- , , ,

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(400 K, 280 K) 2013

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1993
Q.3 (a) What is a capacitor? On what factors do the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor depends. Define
the unit of capacitance. (1+3+1)
Q.3 (c) Choose the correct answer from the following:- (1)
 If a di-electric slab is introduced between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor kept at constant
potential difference then the charge on the capacitor ___.
* Decreases * Increases * Remains the same
Ans:- The introduction of a di-electric slab between the plates makes it polarized. This
polarization increases the stored charge on both the plates.
1994
Q.3 (c) Name the quantity whose units are volt/meter OR Newton/coulomb? (1)
1995
Q.3 (a) Explain the term capacitance of a capacitor and give its units. (3+1)
Q.3 (b) Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with an air between them. (6)
Q.9 (a) Fill in the blanks:- (1)
(iii) Electric flux through any closed surface due to point charge enclosed in it is equal to .
Q.9 (c) Select the correct answer for each from the following:- (3)
(i) Force between two similar point charges separated by a distance “r” is FN, if the distance is
doubled, force becomes ___.
* FN * 2FN * 4FN *
(vii) Electric intensity of a given charge at any point is ___.
* Directly proportional to distance from charge
* Inversely proportional to distance from charge
* Directly proportional to square of the distance from charge
* Inversely proportional to square of the distance from charge
(ix) A slab of certain di-electric is placed between two oppositely charged plates. The intensity
between the plates ___.
* Decreases * Increases * Remains constant

1996
Q.3 (a) (i) Fill in the blank with the correct answer:- (1)
The flux through a surface is maximum when the angle between ⃗ and
0
 is 0 (zero).
(ii) Select the correct answer from the following:- (1)
 A free electron in an electric field ___.
* Remains stationary
* Moves from the lower potential to the higher potential
* Moves from the higher potential to the lower potential
Q.3 (b) State and prove Gauss‟s law. Calculate the electric intensity at a point close to a thin sheet of uniformly
distributed positive charge. (1+3+4)
1997
Q.3 (a) (i) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
 The magnitude of an electric field does not depend upon ___.
* The distance from the charged particle
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* The nature of the charge causing the field

* The magnitude of the charge causing the field
(ii) Fill in the blank with the correct answer:- (1)
 The value of permittivity of free space is
Q.3 (b) Define capacitance of a capacitor. Give its unit. (1+1)
Q.3 (c) Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor, when:- (3+3)
(i) The air is between the plates; (ii) It is partially filled by a dielectric.
1998
Q.3 (a) Fill in the blanks with the correct answer:- (2)
(i) The flux through a closed surface which does not contain any charge is zero.
(ii) The electric field at any point between two oppositely charged plain sheets is .
(iii) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
 The electric potential is zero ___.
* Inside a conductor
* Midway between any two charges of the opposite sign
* Midway between equal charges of the same sign
Q.3 (b) (i) Explain Electric Flux passing through a closed surface. (2)
(ii) State and prove Gauss‟s law. (1+2)
(iii) Apply the law to determine the electric intensity at a point close to a uniformly distributed positive
electric charge on a large plain surface. (4)
Q.6 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (7.5)
(i) Potential difference and absolute potential
1999
Q.3 (a) (i) Choose the correct answer from the following options:- (1)
 The electric intensity at any point between two oppositely charged plane sheets is ___.
* * * *
(ii) Fill in the blank with the correct answer:- (1)
The flux through a surface is maximum when the angle between ⃗ and
0
 is 0 .
(iii) Write True or False for the following:- (1)
 A free electron in an electric field moves from the higher potential to the lower potential.
F
Q.3 (b) What is a Capacitor? On what factors do the Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor depends? (1+1)
What is the unit of Capacitance? (1)
Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor when there is:- (2+2)
(i) Air; (ii) An insulating material as a medium between the two plates.
Q.4 (a) (i) Fill in the blanks with the correct answers:- (2)
 An electron-volt = .
 Unit of Electric Intensity in S.I. system is = N/C or V/m.
2000
Q.3 (a) (i) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
 Di-electric always ___ the electrostatic force between the two point charges.
* Decreases * Increases * Does not change
(ii) Fill in the blank with the correct answer:- (1)
 The electric flux through a surface will be minimum, when the angle between ⃗ and
0
Is 90 .
(iii) Write True or False for the following statement:- (1)
 Electric field intensity at the center of a charged sphere is zero. T
Q.3 (b) State and prove Gauss‟s law. (1+2)
Q.3 (c) Calculate electric field intensity at a point close to a thin sheet of uniformly distributed positive charge.
(4)
Q.5 (a) (i) Fill in the blank with the correct answer:- (1)

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 Electron-volt is the unit of energy.

(ii) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
 One Joule per Coulomb is called ___.
* Ampere * Volt * Farad * Tesla
2001
Q.3 (a) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (3)
(i) The electric flux through a closed surface depends on the ___.
* Magnitude of the charge enclosed by the surface
* Position of the charge enclosed by the surface
* The shape of the surface * None of the above options
(ii) When three capacitors are joined in series, the total capacitance is ___.
* Less than the value of the minimum capacitance
* Equal to the sum of the capacitances
* Greater than the value of the maximum capacitance * None of the above
(iii) The unit of electric intensity is ___.
* newton.coulomb/meter * volt.meter
* newton.coulomb * volt/meter
Q.3 (c) Apply Gauss‟s law to find electric intensity due to a charged metallic sphere at a point outside the sphere.
(4)
Q.4 (b) Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor when:- (2.5+2.5)
(i) The space between the two plates is completely filled with air;
(ii) The space between the two plates is completely filled with di-electric slab.
2002 P/M
Q.3 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(ii) The force per unit charge is known as ___.
* Electric flux * Electric field intensity
* Electric potential * Electric current
(iii) If capacitors are connected in series, the equivalent capacitance is ___.
* * * *
Q.3 (b) Derive a relation to find the equivalent capacitance of three capacitors connected in parallel. (3)
Q.4 (c) Apply Gauss‟s law to find the electric intensity closed to an insulated charged thin sheet of infinite size.
(5)
Q.6 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(iii) With the introduction of a di-electric between the plates of a capacitor, its capacitance ___.
* Increases * Decreases
* Remains the same * Becomes zero
2002 P/E
Q.3 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(i) The electric field intensity between two similarly charged plates is ___.
* * * Zero *
(ii) The electric flux through a surface will be minimum, when the angle between ⃗ and is ___.
0 0 0
* 90 * zero * 45 * 60
Q.3 (c) Derive an expression for electric intensity close to a non-conducting infinite sheet of charge. (5)
Q.4 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(i) Which of the following cannot be the units of electric intensity?
* N/C * V/m * J/C.m * J/C
Q.5 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(i) Electron-volt is a unit of ___.
* Energy * Force * Potential difference * Current
Q.5 (b) Define Electric Intensity and Potential Difference and obtain the relation between them. (0.5+0.5+2)
Q.6 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(ii) One joule per coulomb is called ___.
* Ampere * Volt * Farad * Tesla
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2003 P/M
Q.3 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(i) If two capacitors of and are connected in parallel, their equivalent capacitance will be
___.
* * * *
(iii) If a di-electric slab is introduced between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor, kept at a
constant potential, the charge on the capacitor will ___.
* Decreases * Increases
* Remains unchanged * Becomes zero
Ans:- See page 19, 1993 Q.3 (c) for reason.
Q.3 (b) Derive a relation to find the equivalent capacitance of three capacitors connected in series. (3)
Q.5 (b) Define Potential Difference between two points in an electric field and derive an expression for it. (3)
Q.6 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(i) One electron-volt is equal to ___.
* *
* *
2003 P/E
Q.3 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(i) The presence of di-electric between the plates of a capacitor results in ___.
* Increase in the capacitance * Decrease in the capacitance
* No change in the capacitance * None of these
(ii) The change in potential energy per unit charge between two points in an electric field is called
___.
* Electric intensity * Permittivity
* Potential difference * Absolute potential
Q.3 (b) Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor, when:- (2.5+2.5)
(i) Air is the medium between the plates; (ii) An insulating medium is between the plates.
Q.3 (c) State and Prove Gauss‟s Law. (1+2)
Q.4 (c) Define:- (ii) Coulomb‟s law. (1)
2004
Q.3 (a) (i) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
 The magnitude of Electric Intensity between two oppositely charged plates is ___.
* * * *
(ii) Write True or False for the following:- (1)
 In case of a parallel combination of capacitors, the net capacity is greater than the
greatest individual one. T
(iii) Fill in the blank with the correct answer:- (1)
 The presence of a di-electric between the plates of a capacitor results in increase in the
capacitance.
Q.3 (b) Define Electric Potential. Derive a relation between an Electric Field and Potential Difference. (1+2)
Q.3 (c) Explain Gauss‟s law. Apply it to determine the electric intensity due to an infinite sheet of charge. (2+3)
Q.4 (a) (ii) Write True or False for the following:- (1)
 A parallel plate is given a charge Q. If the separation between the plates is doubled, its
capacity will be doubled. F
Q.5 (a) (i) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
 One joule per coulomb is called ___.
* Farad * Gauss * Ampere * Volt
Q.6 (a) (iii) Fill in the blank with the correct answer:- (1)
 Energy can be expressed in terms of electron-volts.
2005
Q.3 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)

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(i) The minimum electrical charge possible in isolated form is ___.

* *
* * One coulomb
(ii) The change in potential energy of a unit charge between two points in an electrical field is called
___.
* Intensity * Permittivity
* Potential difference * Flux
Q.4 (c) What do you understand by the Capacitance of a Capacitor? Derive an expression for the capacitance of
a parallel plate capacitor with some di-electric between the plates. (1+3)
Q.5 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(ii) The force on a proton placed between two parallel plates having equal positive charge is ___.
* * * *
Q.5 (c) Write down the definition and the units of :-
(i) Intensity of an electric field (ii) Electric flux (iii) Electric potential difference
Q.6 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1+1+1)
(ii) A di-electric k = 2 is inserted between the plates of a capacitor. Its capacitance will become
___.
* * * *

2006
Q.3 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(ii) If and capacitors are connected in series, the equivalent capacitor is ___.
* * * *
Q.3 (b) State Gauss‟s law. Using this law, find the electric intensity E due to an infinite sheet of charge. (1+3)
Q.5 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(i) The quantity is called ___.
* Electric potential * Electric field intensity
* Potential gradient * Electric induction
(ii) The concept of the electric lines of forces was introduced by a famous scientist called ___.
* Newton * Einstein * Coulomb * Faraday
Q.5 (c) Define the Capacity of a Capacitor. Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor
having some di-electric between its plates. (1+3)
2007
Q.3 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(i) Decreasing the separation of two positive charges by one-half will cause the force of repulsion to
be changed by ___.
* * 2 times * *
(ii) Coulomb/Volt is the unit of ___.
* Resistance * Resistivity * Current * Capacity
Q.3 (b) Explain Electric Flux. (1)
Under what conditions will the flux through the surface be:- (1+1)
(i) Zero? (ii) Maximum?
Q.3 (c) State Coulomb‟s law; (1)
and give its mathematical relation for the force between the charges when placed:- (2+2)
(i) In a free space; (ii) In a medium of relative permittivity ( ).
Q.4 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(i) Which of the following cannot be the unit of electric intensity?
* N/C * V/m * J/C.m * J/C
(iii) Which of the following is not a scalar quantity?
* Potential * Electromotive force
* Electric flux * Electric intensity
2008
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Q.3 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(i) The introduction of a di-electric between the oppositely charged plates causes the intensity ___.
* To increase * To decrease
* To remain constant * To increase and decrease
(ii) Two positive point charges repel each other with a force of when placed at a distance
of 1 m. If the distance between them is increased by 2 m, the force of repulsion will be ___.
* * * *
Q.3 (b) State Gauss‟s law and apply it to determine the electric intensity at a point due to the infinite sheet of
charge. (1+3)
Q.4 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(i) Electric flux through the surface of a sphere which contains a charge at its center depends on
___.
* The radius of the sphere
* The surface area of the sphere
* The amount of charge inside the sphere
* The amount of charge outside the sphere
2009
Q.3 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(i) When a di-electric is placed in an electric field, it becomes ___.
* Negatively charged only * Positively charged only
* Polarized * Conductive
(ii) The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor does not depend on the ___.
* Area of the plates * Nature of the plates
* Distance between the plates * Medium between the plates
Q.3 (b) Derive a relation of equivalent capacitance when three capacitors are connected in series. (3)
Q.4 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(i) The change in potential energy per unit charge between the two points in an electric field is called
___.
* Intensity * Flux * Potential difference * Permittivity
2010
Q.1 Choose the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(iv) Decreasing the separation of two positive charges by one-half will cause electrostatic of repulsion to
change by ___.
* * 2 times * *
(v) Two capacitors of and are connected in series, their equivalent capacitance is ___.
* * * *
(vi) Which of the following cannot be a scalar quantity?
* Electric potential * EMF * Electric flux * Electric intensity
Q.4 (b) State Gauss‟s law. Apply it to determine the electric intensity at a point due to a thin, infinite sheet of
charge. (1+6)
2011
Q.1 Select the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(viii) If an electrostatic force between two electrons at a distance is “F” newton, the electrostatic force between
two protons at the same distance is ___.
* Zero * * * 2F
(xvii) The relation represents ___.
* Gauss‟s law * Electric flux
* Electric intensity * Potential difference
Q.4 (a) What is a capacitor? (1)
Derive the expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor when:- (3+3)
(i) Air exists between the plates; (ii) Spaced between plates is partially filled by a
dielectric medium
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Q.5 (b) State Coulomb‟s and Gauss‟s laws. (1+1)

2012
Q.1 Select the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(vii) If the area of the plates of a parallel plate capacitor is doubled, the capacitance ___.
* Remains unchanged * Is half * Is doubled * Is increased four times
(viii) The electric intensity between two uniformly oppositely charged parallel plates is ___.
* * * Zero *
(xiv) Joule per coulomb is called ___.
* Farad * Ampere * Volt * Henry
Q.5 (b) State Gauss‟s law. Apply the law to find the electric field intensity due to a uniformly charged metallic
sphere at a point P lying outside the charged sphere. (1+6)
2013
Q.1 Select the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(vii) The number of electrons in one coulomb of charge is ___.
* * * *
Q.2 (ix) Prove that Name the physical quantity which has these units. (4)
Q.4 (a) What is a compound capacitor? Derive an expression for its capacitance, if the space between the plates
is partially filled with a dielectric slab. (1+6)

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Q.1 Q.3 (d) Calculate the equivalent capacitance and charge on capacitor
shown in figure. C1 = , C2 = , C3 = , C4 = (4)
Hint:- , ,
, ,
, ,

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( , 1993
Q.2 Q.3 (c) Two capacitors of capacitance and are charged to the potential difference of
300 volts V and 400 volts V . They are then disconnected and joined in parallel. What will
be the resultant potential difference V and charge on each capacitor?
(5)
Hint:- , , ,
, V , ,

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(360 V, ) 1995
Q.3 Q.3 (c) A thin sheet of positive charge attracts a light charged sphere having a charge of
with a force 1.695 N . If ,
calculate the surface charge density of the sheet. (5)
Hint:- , ,

( 1996
Q.4 Q.3 (d) A capacitor of is charged to a potential difference of 100 V . Its plates are then
connected in parallel to another capacitor and are found that the potential difference between
the plates falls to 60 V . What is the capacitance of the second capacitor ? (5)
Hint:- , , ,

( ) 1997
Q.5 Q.3 (c) Calculate the force of repulsion on a charge, if it is
placed before a large vertical charged plate whose charge density is
.( ) (3)
Hint:- , ,

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(2.26 N) 1998
Q.6 Q.3 (c) Two capacitors of and capacitance are connected in series and a potential
difference of 200 V is applied. Find the charge and the potential difference
for each capacitor. (5)
Hint:- , , ,
, ,

( , 160 V, 40 V) 1999
Q.7 Q.3 (d) A charged particle of is placed close to a positively charged thin sheet having
surface charge density . Find the magnitude and direction of force on the
charged particle . ( ) (5)
Hint:- , ,

(2 N, Force on charged particle is directed away from the sheet) 2000

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Q.8 Q.4 (d) A parallel plate capacitor has the plates 10 cm x 10 cm separated by a
distance of 2.5 cm . It is initially filled with air . What will be the increase in its
capacitance if a di-electric slab of the same area and thickness 2.5 cm is placed
between the two plates? (4)
Hint:- , ,

( ) 2001
Q.9 Q.3 (d) Find the equivalent capacitance in the given circuit and charge
on each capacitor. C1 = , C2 = , C3 =4 . (4)
Hint:- , , ,
, ,

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( , , , ) 2002 P/M
Q.10 Q.4 (d) A small sphere of weight is suspended by a silk thread which is attached to a
point on a large charged insulating plane. When a charge of is placed on the ball
0
the thread makes an angle of 30 with the vertical ; find the charge density
on the plane. ( ) (4)
Hint:- , ,
,

+++++
+++++
+++++
( )
+++++
+++++
+++++
( ) +++++
+++++
+++++
( ) +++++
+++++
( )
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
+++++
2002 P/M
+++++
Q.11 Q.5 (d) A proton of mass and of charge is to be held motionless
+++++
+++++
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+++++
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between two horizontal parallel plates 10 cm apart; find the voltage

required to be applied between the plates. (4)
Hint:- , , ,

( )

2002 P/E
Q.12 Q.5 (d) A particle carrying a charge of starts from rest in a uniform electric field of intensity
50 V/m . Find the force on the particle and the kinetic energy it acquires
when it is moved 1 m . (4)
Hint:- , , , ,

| || |
| || |
| || |
| || |

( , ) 2003 P/M
Q.13 Q.3 (d) An electron has a speed of . Find its energy in electron-volts.
( ) (4)
Hint:- ,

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(2.84 eV) 2004

Q.14 Q.3 (d) How many electrons should be removed from each of the two similar spheres, each of
10 gm , so that electrostatic repulsion is balanced by the
gravitational force ?( (4)
Hint:- ,

̅ ̅
( ̅ ) 2006
Q.15 Q.3 (d) How many excess electrons must be placed on each of the two small spheres placed
3.0 cm apart if the force of repulsion between the spheres is ?
( (4)
Hint:- , ,

̅
̅
̅
(625) 2007
Q.16 Q.3 (d) A capacitor of is charged to a potential difference of 100 V . Its plates are then

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disconnected from the source and are connected parallel to another capacitor. The potential
difference in this combination comes down to 60 V . What is the capacitance of the second
capacitor ? (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.4
( ) 2008
Q.17 Q.3 (d) A proton of mass and charge is to be held motionless
between two horizontal parallel plates 6 cm apart; find the voltage
required to be applied between the plates. (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.11
( ) 2009
Q.18 Q.2 (xv) How many electrons should be removed from each of the two similar spheres, each of
10 gm , so that electrostatic repulsion is balanced by the
gravitational force ?( (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.14
( ̅ ) 2010
Q.19 Q.2 (vii) A proton of mass and charge is to be held motionless
between two parallel horizontal plates. Find the distance between the plates
when the potential difference of V is applied across the plates. (4)
Hint:- , , V ,

( )

(5.86 cm) 2011

Q.20 Q.2 (xiii) Two point charges of and are placed at a distance of 40 cm
from each other. A charge of is placed midway between them. What is the
magnitude and direction of force on it? (4)
Hint:- , , ,
,

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( ) 2012
Q.21 Q.2 (xi) The surface charge density on a vertical metal plane is . Find the force
experienced by a charge of placed in front of the sheet?
( (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.7
( , Force on charged particle is directed away from the sheet) 2013

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CHAPTER # 13 QUESTIONS [email protected]

1995
Q.4 (a) State and explain Ohm‟s law. (1+4)
Q.4 (b) Explain the following terms:- (3+3)
(i) Resistivity of a material; (ii) Temperature co-efficient of resistance.
Q.9 (a) Fill in the blanks:- (2)
(iv) The drift velocity in the free electrons is responsible for generation of current in the wire.
(v) Units of electrical energy commonly used is kilowatt hour.
Q.9 (b) Write down whether the following statements are True or False:- (2)
(iii) When current flows through a wire, electric field must exist in wire. T
(viii) The resistance of a conductor at absolute zero is infinite. F
Q.9 (c) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(vi) A battery of e.m.f E volts has internal resistance of r ohms, current I is drawn from it, its internal
voltage V will be ___.
* * * *
(vii) Two resistors of and are connected in series with a battery of 10 V. Potential difference
across resistor will be ___.
* 5V * * 6V * 10 V

1996
Q.4 (a) (i) Fill in the blanks with the correct answer:- (1.5)
 The resistivity of a material of a conductor increases due to increase in temperature.
(ii) Write True or False:- (1.5)
 The voltage loss inside a cell because of its internal resistance is independent of the
current drawn from it. F
Q.4 (b) You are given three resistances, how will you connect them to get:- (3+3)
(i) The maximum resistance;
(ii) The minimum resistance. Derive respective expressions.
1997
Q.6 Write notes on any TWO of the following:- (7.5)
(i) Electromotive force Terminal potential difference.
1999
Q.6 Write notes on any TWO of the following:- (7.5)
(ii) Resistivity and its Temperature Co-efficient
2000
Q.4 (a) (i) Fill in the blanks with the correct answer:- (1)
 Resistors of , and are connected in series. If the current flowing through one
of them is One ampere, what is the current through the other resistors?
Ans. One ampere.
(ii) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
 When “V” volts battery is connected across the bulb and if current “I” is passed through it
then its power will be ___.
* * * V2 I * V I2
(iii) Write True or False for the following statements:- (1)
 Resistivity is reciprocal of conductivity. T
Q.4 (b) State and explain Ohm‟s law. (1+1)
Q.4 (c) Explain the following terms:- (2+2)
(i) Resistivity of a material; (ii) Temperature co-efficient of resistance.
2001
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Q.3 (b) Derive a relation to find the equal resistance of three resistances when they are connected in parallel.
(3)
Q.4 (a) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (3)
(i) If the wire of a uniform area of cross-section is cut in to two equal parts, the resistivity of each part
will be ___.
* Doubled * Remains the same
* Halved * None of the above
Ans:-
( )

(ii) All electrical appliances are connected in parallel to each other between the main line and the
neutral wire to get ___.
* The same current
* The same potential difference
* Different current and same potential difference * None of the above
(iii) The terminal potential difference of a battery is equal to its e.m.f. when its internal resistance is
___.
* Zero * Very high * Very low * None of the above
2002 P/M
Q.4 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(i) The rate of transfer of the charge through a circuit is called ___.
* Resistance * Current * Potential difference * Energy
(ii) Kilowatt-hour is the unit of ___.
* Power * Conductivity * Electrical energy * Resistivity
(iii) With the increase of temperature the resistance of a semi-conductor ___.
* Increases * Decreases * Remains constant
Q.4 (b) State Ohm‟s law. Define resistivity and name the factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends.
(1+2)
Q.6 (b) Differentiate between electromotive force and terminal potential difference of a battery when an external
resistance is connected and not connected across it. (3)
2002 P/E
Q.3 (b) Define the following:- (1+1+1)
(i) Resistivity (ii) Temperature co-efficient of resistance (iii) Electromotive force
Q.5 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(ii) The temperature co-efficient of resistance of a semi-conductor is ___.
* Positive * Negative * Zero
2003 P/M
Q.3 (c) State Ohm‟s law. How is the resistance of a conductor related to its dimensions? (1+2)
Derive an expression for the equivalent resistance of three resistors connected in parallel. (2)
Q.4 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(ii) Total potential difference across the combination of three cells becomes maximum when ___.
* All the cells are connected in series * All the cells are connected in parallel
* Two cells are connected in parallel and the third in series with the combination
* Two cells are connected in series and the third in parallel with the combination
Q.5 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(iii) One Kilowatt-Hour is equal to ___.
* * * *

2003 P/E
Q.3 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(iii) A resistor caries a current “I”. The power dissipated is “P”. The power dissipated if the same
resistor carries the current of “3I” is ___.

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* P * 3P * * 9P
Ans:- Since f h ’

Q.4 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(ii) Electrical conductors contain ___.
* Only free electrons * Only bound electrons
* Both free and bound electrons * Neither free nor bound electrons
(iii) Ohm‟s law is obeyed in ___.
* An electron tube * A semi-conductor
* A metallic conductor * In all of the above
Q.4 (c) Define:- (1)
(iii) Electromotive force.
2004
Q.4 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(i) The resistors of , and are connected in parallel. If 0.3 V be the p.d. between the ends
of resistor, the potential difference across the other resistors is ___.
* 0.5 V * 0.7 V * 1.2 V *
Q.5 (b) Explain Ohm‟s law and give its limitations. (2+1)
2005
Q.5 (c) Write down the definition and units of:- (1)
(iv) Electric current
Q.6 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(ii) The power dissipated in a resistor is given by ___.
* * * *
(iii) The commercial unit of electrical energy is called ___.
* Joule * Kilowatt * Kilowatt-hour * Megawatt
Q.6 (b) Define Resistance and write down its units. How does the resistance of a conductor depend upon
temperature? (1+1)
Derive the equation for the resistance at a given temperature. (2)
2006
Q.3 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(i) The rate of transfer of charges through a circuit is called ___.
* Resistance * Current
* Potential difference * All of these
Q.4 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(ii) The power dissipated by a resistance is given by ___.
* * * *
Q.4 (b) State Ohm‟s law and derive an expression for the equivalent resistance of these resistors connected in
parallel. (1+3)
2007
Q.3 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(iii) When a resistor carries a current “I” the power dissipated by it is “P”. If the same resistor carries
the current of “3I” the power dissipation will be ___.
* * * 3P *
Q.4 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:-
(ii) One Kilowatt-Hour is equal to ___.
* * * *
Q.5 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(iii) If the wire of a uniform area of cross-section is cut in to two equal parts, the resistivity of each part
will be ___.
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* Halved * Doubled
* Remains the same * None of the above
Q.5 (b) State the law which governs the potential difference across the conductor and the current passing
through it. How is the resistance of the conductor related to its dimensions? (1+2)
Derive the formula for the temperature co-efficient of resistivity. (2)
2008
Q.4 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(ii) A piece of wire of length “L” and an area of cross-section “A” has a resistance “R”. Another piece
of wire of the same material and the same length but twice the area of cross-section is
connected end-to-end with the previous wire. The effective resistance is ___.
* R * 2R * *
Ans:-

( )

( )
Q.4 (c) Differentiate between terminal potential difference and EMF of a battery. Derive the relevant expression.
(4)
Q.5 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(ii) The resistances of 2 ohms, 5 ohms, 7 ohms and 9 ohms are connected in parallel. If the potential
difference across the 5 ohm resistance is 5 V, the potential difference across 9 ohm resistance
will be ___.
* 9V * * 2.5 V * 1.5 V
(iii) In a house circuit all the electrical appliances are connected in parallel with the phase and the
neutral to get ___.
* The same current and different potential difference
* The different currents and different potential differences
* The different currents but the same potential difference
* The same current and same potential difference
Q.6 (a) Choose the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(iii) A wire of a uniform cross-section area is cut in to three equal segments. The resistivity of
each segment will be ___.
* * * * None of these

2009
Q.3 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(iii) The E.M.F. of three cells, each of 2 volts, in parallel will be ___.
* 6V * 8V * * Zero V
Q.6 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options: (2)
(ii) In the relation I = KV, K stands for ___.
* Conductance * Resistivity
* Specific resistance * Permeability
(iii) The electrical energy dissipated as heat in a resistor is given by ___.
* * * *

2010
Q.1 Choose the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(vii) The commercial unit of electrical energy is ___.

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* Ohm * Watt * Kilowatt-hour * Ampere

(ix) The electrical energy dissipated as heat in a resistor is given by ___.
* * * *
Q.2 (ii) Define potential difference and electromotive force. Both are measured in volts. (1+1)
What is the difference between these two concepts? (2)
Ans:- Electromotive force refers to the available energy for per coulomb charge at the terminals of a
source when the source is not connected to any external circuit. Whereas potential difference
refers to the available energy at the terminals of a source when the source is connected to an
external circuit. In the said case some of the available energy is lost due to internal resistance of
the source.
2011
Q.1 Select the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(iv) A copper wire has a resistivity is stretched in such a way that its diameter reduces to half of that of the
original wire. The new resistivity will be ___.
* Halved * Doubled * The same * Four-fold
Ans:- Resistivity is defined as the resistance of a unit cube volume of a conductor. By de-shaping the
wire through stretching its volume remains same and hence its resistivity.
(vi) Two wires of resistance R1 and R2 are connected in series in a circuit. If R1 is greater than R2, the heating
would be ___.
* * More in R2 * Same in R1 and R2 * All of these
Ans:-
Q.2 (xiv) How is the resistance of metallic conductor affected by variation in temperature? (4)
Ans:- The electrical resistance of most metals increases with the rise in temperature. Because atoms
sitting on their sites in metal start vibrating more violently about their mean position due to
temperature increase. This increases the probability of collision of free electrons with them which
ultimately affects the drift velocity of free electrons for a given applied voltage. As we know that
electric current depends the drift velocity of free electrons so with rising temperature the decrease
of drift velocity is attributed to the decrease in the electric current or the increase in the electrical
resistance.
2012
Q.1 Select the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(ix) Resistors of , and are connected in series. If the current flowing through resistor is One
ampere, the current through the other resistors will be ___.
* 4 ampere * * 14 ampere * 0.1 ampere
(xv) One Kilowatt-Hour is equal to ___.
* * * *
(xvi) With the increase of temperature, the resistance of a semiconductor ___.
* Increases * * Remains constant * Becomes zero

2013
Q.1 Select the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(v) A wire of uniform cross-sectional area is cut in to three equal segments. The resistivity of each segment
will be ___.
* * * Same as the whole wire *
(xiv) Resistors of , and are connected in parallel. If the P.D. across resistor is , the P.D.
across the other resistors is ___.
* * * *
Q.2 (xiii) How is the resistance of a metallic conductor affected by variation of temperature?
Ans:- See Q.2 (xiv) 2014.

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Q.1 Q.4 (c) A platinum wire of diameter 0.2 mm is wound to make a resistor of
40 . How long a wire is needed for this purpose. ( ) (4)
Hint:- , ,

[ ( ) ]

* ( ) +

* ( ) +

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

(11.42 m) 1995
Q.2 Q.4 (c) Neglecting the internal resistance of the DC source, find: -
(i) The equivalent resistance of the given circuit, and
(ii) The currents I and I1. (6)
Hint:- , ,
, ,
(i) , (ii) ,

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(8 , 0.75 A, A) 1996
Q.3 Q.4 (d) You are given three resistors each of 2 ohms . How would you arrange to
obtain the equivalent resistances of:-
(i) ohms (ii) 3 ohms (iii) 6 ohms?
Also prove the result mathematically. (4)
Hint:- , (i) , (ii) (iii)

(i)

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(ii)

(iii)

2000
Q.4 Q.3 (d) Find the equivalent resistance and the current through R3 and R4 .
Given:- R1 = 20 , R2 = 30 , R3 = 20 , R4 = 40 , R5 = 10 (4)
Hint:- , , , ,
, , ,

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(20 I3 = I4 = 0.15 A) 2001

Q.5 Q.3 (d) The resistance of a tungsten wire used in the filament of a 60 W bulb is 240 when the
bulb is hot at a temperature of 2020 0C . What would you estimate its resistance
at 20 0C ? (The temperature co-efficient of tungsten 0C) (4)
Hint:- , , ,

(25.46 ) 2002 P/E

Q.6 Q.6 (d) A battery of 24 V is connected to a 10 load and a current of 2.2 A is drawn; find the
internal resistance of the battery and its terminal voltage (4)
Hint:- , , , ,

(0.90 , 22 V) 2002 P/M

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Q.7 Q.3 (d) A 50 resistor is to be wound with platinum wire, 0.1 mm in

diameter. How much wire is needed? ( ) (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.1
(3.56 m) 2003 P/E
Q.8 Q.3 (d) Find the equivalent resistance in the given circuit, current I and potential difference
between a and b.
Given:- R1 = 5 , R2 = 2 , R3 = 3 , R4 = 6 . (4)
Hint:- , , ,
, , ,

(6 , 1 A, 5 V) 2003 P/M
Q.9 Q.6 (d) Two resistances of 10 ohms and 50 ohms are connected in series with a 6 V battery.
Calculate:-
(i) The charge drawn from the battery per minute ;
(ii) The power dissipated in 10 ohm resistance.
Hint:- , , ,
(i) , (ii)

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(i)

(ii)

(6 C, 0.1 W) 2005
Q.10 Q.4 (d) A 50 ohm resistor is required from a copper wire, 0.2 mm in
diameter. What is the length of the wire needed? ( ) (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.1
(98.125 m) 2006
Q.11 Q.4 (d) A rectangular block of iron has the dimensions .
(i) What is the resistance of the opposing square ends ?
(ii) What is the resistance between two of the rectangular faces ? (4)
(The resistivity for iron at room temperature is )

Hint:- , , ,
(i) (ii)
(i)

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(ii)

( , ) 2008
Q.12 Q.5 (d) A resistor is made by using a 50 m nichrome wire of diameter
0.8 mm at 0 0C. Calculate its resistance at 50 0C .
(Given:- Resistivity and 0C at 0 0C) (4)
Hint:- , , ,

* ( ) +

* ( ) +

[ ]

[ ]

(1.10494 2009
Q.13 Q.6 (d) In the given diagram R1 = R2 = 4 and R3 = 6 . Calculate the current in
the 6 resistor. (4)
Hint:- , ,

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( )

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(0.375 A) 2009
Q.14 Q.2 (xi) A water heater that will deliver 1 kg of water per minute is required. The
water is supplied at 20 0C and an output temperature of 80 0C is desired. What would be
the resistance of the heating element in water if the line voltage is 220 V ?
) (4)
Hint:- , ,
, , ,

( )

(11.52 ) 2010
Q.15 Q.2 (x) A rectangular bar of iron is 2 cm x 2 cm in cross-section
and 20 cm long. What is the resistance of the bar at 500 0C
if ? (4)
Hint:- , , ,

( 2011
Q.16 Q.2 (i) You are given three resistors each of 2 ohms. How would you arrange to obtain the equivalent
resistances of:-
(i) ohms (ii) 3 ohms (iii) 6 ohms?
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Verify the results mathematically. (4)

Hint:- Same as Q.3 2012
Q.17 Q.2 (xii) Two resistors of and are connected in parallel with a battery.
Calculate the current and power dissipated in each resistance. (4)
Hint:- , , , , ,

Now,

( 2013

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1993
Q.4 (a) A charged particle enters perpendicularly in a uniform magnetic field ⃗ with velocity ⃗ . Write down the
formula for the force acting on the charged particle and define the unit of induction. (1+1)
Q.4 (b) Describe J.J. Thompson‟s experiment for the determination of e/m of an electron. Derive the relevant
formula. (5+3)
Q.5 (a) State Faraday‟s laws of electromagnetic induction. What is Lenz‟s law? (1+1)
How is it related to electromagnetic induction? (2)
Q.5 (b) What is Motional EMF? Derive an expression for the motional EMF by moving a conductor perpendicular
to the magnetic field. (1+3)
Also derive the result with the help of Faraday‟s law of electromagnetic induction. (2)
1994
Q.5 (a) State and explain Ampere‟s circuital law. (1+5)
Q.5 (b) Derive an expression for the magnetic field of induction “B” due to the current passing through a
solenoid. (5)
1995
Q.5 (a) A charged particle is projected perpendicularly in a uniform magnetic field. Write the expression for the
force acting on it. (3)
Q.5 (b) Describe J.J. Thompson‟s method of determining the charge to mass ratio of an electron. (7)
Q.9 (b) Write down whether the following statements are True or False:- (1)
(x) When current is passed in two parallel wires in opposite directions they repel each other.
T
Q.9 (c) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(x) Force on a charged particle moving in a magnetic field is given by the equation .
Quantities mutually perpendicular are ___.
* V and B * F and V * F and B * None
1996
Q.5 (a) (i) Select the correct answer for the following:- (1)
 An electron and a proton with the same momentum enters perpendicularly in a uniform
magnetic field.
* Both particles will deflect equally
* The proton will deflect more than electron
* The electron will deflect less than proton
* None of these
Ans:- The force on a charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field is given by:-

From question:-

[ ]
[ ]

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Q.5 (a) (ii) Write True or False:- (1)

 Ampere‟s law ⃗ does not apply when the path is open. T
Q.5 (b) State and explain Ampere‟s law to find the value of “ ⃗ ” around a current carrying conductor. (7)
Q.5 (c) Apply this law to find the magnetic field of induction inside a long solenoid.
Q.6 (a) (i) Fill in the blank with the correct answer:- (1)
 Back e.m.f is the effect of self-inductance in a coil when an alternating current passing
through it.
Q.6 (a) (ii) True or False:- (1)
 When a current passes through a loosely wound coil, the adjacent loops of the coil
attract one another. T
Q.6 (b) What is electromagnetic induction? (1)
Describe Faraday‟s law and Lenz‟s law of electromagnetic induction. (2+2)
Show that Lenz‟s law is in accordance with the law of conservation of energy. (2)
Q.6 (c) Define co-efficient of mutual induction with the help of a labeled diagram. (2)
Derive the expression for the mutual induction of a pair of coils placed very closed to one other. (4)
Q.7 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (15)
(ii) Force on a current carrying conductor in a uniform field; (iii) Self-induction.
1997
Q.4 (a) (i) Write True or False for the following statement:- (1)
 If an particle is moving parallel to a magnetic field of induction, it will experience a force
in the direction of the field. F
(ii) Choose the correct answer:- (1)
 Two parallel beams of electrons moving in the same direction will ___.
* Repel each other * Attract each other
* Neither attract nor repel each other
Q.4 (b) What do you mean by magnetic flux and flux density? Give their units. How are they related to each
other? (1+1+1+1)
Q.4 (c) Describe J.J. Thompson‟s experiment for the determination of e/m of an electron and derive necessary
expressions. (6)
Q.6 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (15)
(iii) Motional E.M.F
1998
Q.4 (a) (i) Write True or False for the following:- (1)
 Two current-bearing conductors carrying currents in the opposite directions attract each
other. F
(i) Fill in the blank with the correct answer:- (1)
 ⃗
Tesla is the unit of physical quantity, Magnetic induction “ ”.
(ii) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
 When an electron moves in a magnetic field “ ⃗ ” with velocity “ ⃗ ”, the force acting on it is
perpendicular to ___.
* ⃗ but not to ⃗ * ⃗ ⃗⃗ * ⃗ but not to ⃗
Q.4 (b) State and explain Ampere‟s Circuital law. (1+1)
⃗
Derive an expression for the magnetic field of induction “ ” due to the current passing through the
Solenoid. (5)
Q.5 (a) (i) Write True or False for the following:- (1)
 Lenz‟s law may also be described as the law of conservation of energy. T
(ii) Choose the correct answer from the given options:-
 If an electron and a proton enter in to a magnetic field with the same velocity, the electron
shall experience a/an ___ force than proton.
* Greater * Lesser * Equal
(iii) Fill in the blank with the correct answer:- (1)
 If a one-meter long wire is placed perpendicularly in a magnetic field of value 5 mT,
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the force it experiences is equal to (otherwise F = 0 N if I = zero A).

Q.5 (b) Explain the principle, construction and working of an A.C. Generator. (1+2+3)
Draw a neat schematic diagram. (1)
Q.6 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (15)
(ii) Mutual induction; (v) Transformer.
1999
Q.4 (a) (iii) Select the correct answer from the given options:-
 Which of the charged particles of the same mass will be deflected most in a magnetic
field?
* Fast moving * Slow moving
Q.4 (b) What do you mean Magnetic Flux and Magnetic Density? (1+1)
Explain. Describe J.J. Thompson‟s method of determining e/m of an electron and derive the relevant
expressions for the same. (5)
Q.5 (a) Fill in the blanks with the correct answers:- (2)
(i) Henry is the unit of mutual inductance.
(ii) Back e.m.f. is the effect of self-inductance in a coil when an alternating current passes.
Q.5 (b) What is Electromagnetic Induction? (1)
Describe Faraday‟s law and Lenz‟s law of electromagnetic induction. (2)
Describe the principle, construction and working of a Transformer and draw a neat schematic diagram.
(1+2+2+1)
2000
Q.5 (a) (iii) Write True or False for the following statement:- (1)
 The device which converts mechanical energy in to electrical energy is called Generator.
T
Q.6 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (15)
(i) Self Inductance and Mutual Inductance; (iv) Ampere‟s circuital law with one of its
Application (Solenoid or Toroid).
2001
Q.4 (c) Differentiate between magnetic flux and magnetic flux density. (3)
Q.5 (a) Choose the correct answer from the given options:-
(i) The maximum magnetic force will act on a current carrying-conductor in a magnetic field when it
is placed ___.
0
* At 60 to the field * Parallel to the field
0
* Perpendicular to the field * At an angle of 45 to the field
(ii) The current produced by moving the loop of a wire across the magnetic field is called ___.
* Electric current * A.C. current
* D.C. current * Induced current
(iii) The force experienced by a current carrying conductor when it is placed in a magnetic field is
___.
* ⃗ ⃗ * ⃗ ⃗ ⃗⃗ * ⃗ * None of the above
Q.5 (b) Explain the phenomenon of mutual induction and obtain an expression for mutual inductance of two coils.
(2+2)
Q.6 (a) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
(ii) The phenomenon of producing e.m.f. in the coil due to the change of current in the coil itself is
called ___.
* Mutual induction * Self-induction
* Magnetic flux * None of the above
Q.6 (b) Explain J.J. Thompson method to find the charge to mass ratio of an electron. (5)
2002 P/M
Q.3 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(i) A steady current passing through a conductor produces ___.
* An electric field only * A magnetic field only

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* Both electric and magnetic fields * Neither electric nor magnetic fields
Q.5 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(i) If straight conductor of length “L” carrying a current “I” is placed parallel to a magnetic field “B”,
the force experienced by the conductor is ___.
* BIL * BILSin * Zero * Infinite
(iii) When a charged particle enters a uniform magnetic field perpendicularly, its path is ___.
* Spiral * Circular * Parabolic * Straight line
Q.5 (c) State Ampere‟s law. Derive an expression for the magnetic field due to a current in a long solenoid. (1+4)
Q.6 (c) Describe the principle, construction and working of a Transformer. (Derive relevant mathematical relations
among the number of turns, voltages and currents.) (1+1+1+2)
2002 P/E
Q.3 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(iii) If an electron and a proton enter in to a magnetic field perpendicularly with the same momentum
___.
* The electron will be deflected more
* The proton will be deflected more
* Both particles will be deflected equally
* They will not be deflected at all
Q.4 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(ii) Transformer works on ___.
* Ohm‟s law * Self-induction * Mutual induction *Gauss‟s law
(iii) The deflecting torque on a current carrying coil placed in a magnetic field is maximum when the
angle between the magnetic field and the plane of the coil is ___.
0 0 0 0
* 0 * 90 * 60 * 45
Q.4 (b) What is Induced e.m.f.? State the Faraday‟s law and Lenz‟s law of electromagnetic induction. (1+1+1)
Q.5 (c) State Ampere‟s circuital law. Derive an expression for the magnetic induction inside a current carrying
long solenoid. (1+4)
Q.6 (b) Define the following:- (1.5+1.5)
(i) Self-inductance; (ii) Mutual inductance.
2003 P/M
Q.4 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(iii) One Tesla is equal to ___.
2
* 1 weber/meter * 2 weber/meter
3 2
* weber /meter * newton/ampere
Q.4 (b) What is Motional E.M.F.? Derive its expression? (1+2)
Q.5 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(i) An electric current through a conductor produces around it ___.
* An electric field * A magnetic field
* An electric and a magnetic field * First a magnetic field and then an
electric field
Q.5 (c) Describe the method to find e/m of an electron by J.J. Thompson and derive an expression for it. (5)
Q.6 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(ii) When the North Pole of a bar magnet approaches the face of a closed coil the face becomes ___.
* South pole * First north pole and then north pole
* North pole * No effect is observed
(iii) In Step-down transformer ___.
* Ns > N P * * Ns = N P * Ns NP
Q.6 (c) Derive an expression for the torque on a current carrying rectangular coil of N turns placed in a uniform
magnetic field when its plane makes an angle with the field. (5)
2003 P/E
Q.4 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(i) The force acting on a charged particle projected in to a magnetic field of induction “ ⃗ ” is
maximum when the angle between ⃗ and velocity of the particle is ___.
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0 0 0
* 0 * * 60 * 45
Q.4 (b) Describe J.J. Thompson‟s experiment for the e/m of an electron and derive an expression for it. (5)
Q.4 (c) Define:- (1)
(i) Ampere‟s circuital law
Q.5 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(ii) A transformer is used to change ___.
* Capacitance * Frequency * Voltage * Power
Q.5 (b) Describe the principle, construction and working of a transformer. State the mathematical relationship.
(1+1+1+2)
2004
Q.4 (a) (iii) Fill in the blank with the correct answer:- (1)
 The unit of magnetic Flux is Weber.
Q.4 (b) Define Magnetic field. Derive the relation for the magnitude of Magnetic Field of Induction B. Give its
units. (1+2)
Q.4 (c) Derive the relation for force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. (5)
Q.5 (a) (ii) Write True or False for the following:- (1)
 Ampere‟s law can be used to find Electric Intensity. F
(iii) Fill in the blank with the correct answer:- (1)
 Henry is the unit of Mutual Inductance.
Q.5 (c) Describe with a neat diagram the working of an Alternating Current Generator. (1+4)
Q.6 (a) (i) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
 Tesla (T), the unit of B, is ___.
* *

* *
Q.6 (c) What are Laws of Electromagnetic Induction? Derive a relation for Mutual Induction. (2+3)
2005
Q.3 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(iii) The direction of induced current is given by ___.
* Ampere‟s law * Faraday‟s law * Lenz’s law * Snell‟s law
Q.3 (b) Describe a method for determining the ratio of charge and mass of an electron. Derive the mathematical
equation. (4)
Q.4 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(ii) The maximum resistance in an A.C. circuit is offered by ___.
* Capacitor * Solenoid * Electromagnet * Electric bulb
(iii) The path of a neutron moving normal to a magnetic field is a/an ___.
* Straight line * Circular * Oval * Sinusoidal
Q.4 (b) What is a Transformer? On what principle does it work? (1+1)
What is the difference between a step-up and a step-down transformer? Why is a soft iron core used in a
transformer? (1+1)
Q.5 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(i) S.I. unit of induction is ___.
* Tesla * Henry * Watt * Weber
(iii) The force per unit length of a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field is given by
___.
* IBL * IBL * * IB
Ans:- The force on a current carrying conductor placed in a uniform magnetic field is given by:-

For force per unit length, above equation becomes:-

Q.5 (b) Derive the equation for the couple of torque acting on a current-carrying rectangular coil suspended in a
uniform magnetic field. (4)
2006
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Q.3 (c) Derive the relation for the force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. (4)
Q.4 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(ii) Which is not a magnetic material?
* Iron * Nickel * Cobalt * Silver
(iii) The S.I. unit of magnetic flux is ___.
* Tesla * Weber * Gauss * Ohm
Q.5 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(ii) The path of a neutron moving normal to a magnetic field is ___.
* A Straight path * A circular path
* An oval path * A sinusoidal path
Q.5 (b) Derive an expression for the magnetic induction inside a current-carrying long solenoid with the help of
the Ampere‟s law. Draw also a neat diagram. (3+1)
2007
Q.4 (b) What is motional e.m.f.? Derive an expression for it. (1+3)
Q.4 (c) State Faraday‟s Law of Electromagnetic Induction. (1)
Explain the phenomenon of Mutual Induction OR Self Induction. (3)
Q.5 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(ii) A device which converts the electrical energy to mechanical energy is called ___.
* Transformer * Capacitor * Galvanometer * Electric motor
Q.6 (c) State the following laws:- (3)
(i) Ampere‟s law (ii) Lenz‟s law (iii) Biot & Savart law
2008
Q.4 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(iii) In a conventional transformer ___.
* The current moves from primary to the secondary windings without any change
* EMF is induced in the secondary by the changing magnetic flux
* The heat is transferred from primary to secondary
* None of the above
Q.4 (b) Derive an expression for the force on a straight conductor of length “L” and an area of cross-section “A”
when it is subjected to a magnetic field “B” at an angle “ ”. (4)
Q.5 (b) Describe with a neat diagram the construction and working of a transformer. Give the relevant
expression. (4)
Q.6 (a) Choose the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(ii) A charged particle moving in the magnetic field ⃗ experiences a resultant force ___.
* Proportional to the kinetic energy
* In the direction of the field
* In the direction perpendicular to its motion and field
* None of these
Q.6 (b) State Ampere‟s law. Derive an expression for the magnetic strength ⃗ of a toroid. (1+3)
2009
Q.3 (c) Describe a method for determining the ratio of charge to mass (e/m) of an electron. Derive the relevant
mathematical expressions. (5)
Q.4 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(ii) Which one is not a unit of magnetic flux density?
-1 -1 2 -1
* NA m * Wb/m * Tesla * VA S
(iii) When an A.C. generator is converted in to a D.C. generator, slips rings are replaced by ___.
* A dynamo * A split ring * A field coil * An inductor
Q.4 (b) Derive a relation for a torque due to a current-carrying coil in a magnetic field. (3)
Q.4 (c) Draw a labeled diagram of an A.C. generator and derive expressions for the alternating voltage produced.
(Working is not required) (5)
Q.5 (b) Describe the phenomenon of Self-Induction and define Self-Inductance of a coil. Give its unit. (3)
Q.5 (c) State Ampere‟s circuital law. Apply it to determine the magnetic induction (B) in a solenoid due to current
in it. (1+4)

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Q.6 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(i) The practical application of the phenomenon of mutual inductance is ___.
* A.C. generator * Transformer * Rectifier * Dynamo
2010
Q.1 Choose the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(viii) The motional e.m.f. induced in a coil is independent of ___.
* Change of flux * Number of turns * Time * Resistance
(x) Transformers are used in circuits containing ___.
* d.c. alone * a.c. alone * Both a.c. and d.c. * Non-inductive winding
Q.2 (iii) What is the difference between magneto and A.C. generator? What is meant by frequency of alternating
current? (4)
Ans:- Any small generator employing a permanent magnet is commonly called a magneto and it is
used in ignition system of petrol engines, motor bikes and motor boats, etc.
The commercial a.c. generators uses a d.c. electromagnet instead of a permanent magnet and
therefore called alternators.
The performance of a.c. generator is more satisfactory when the armature is stationary and the
field magnet rotates around the armature. Stationary armature is called stator and rotating
magnet is called rotor.
Q.2 (vi) Prove mathematically that the radius of circular path for a charge moving in a magnetic field is given as
where all the symbols have their usual meanings. (4)
Q.3 (b) State Ampere‟s law and derive an expression for the magnetic field of a long solenoid. (1+6)
2011
Q.1 Select the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(I) If the number of turns in a coil is doubled, its self-inductance will be ___.
* Doubled * Halved * The same Four-fold
Ans:- We have
( )
(vii) The core of a transformer is laminated to reduce the loss of energy caused by ___.
* [ ] *
* Heating * All of these
(xiii) Two free parallel wires carrying current in the opposite directions ___.
* Do not affect each other * Attract each other
* Repel each other * None of these
Q.2 (iv) What is a transformer? Name its components and describe it‟s working. (1+1+2)
Q.2 (ix) Describe an expression for the force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. (4)
Q.5 (b) State Ampere‟s law and explain the phenomenon of mutual induction. (1+4)
2012
Q.1 Select the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(iii) The practical application of the phenomenon of mutual inductance is ___.
* A.C. generator * Transformer * Rectifier * Dynamo
(iv) An electric current on passing through a conductor, produces around it ___.
* An electric field * A magnetic field
* Both electric and magnetic fields * First a magnetic field and then an
electric field
Q.2 (vi) In what way is the motional e.m.f, produced in a conductor placed in a magnetic field, translated in to the
relevant mathematical expression? (4)
Q.4 (a) Describe a method for determining the ratio of charge to mass of an electron. Derive the relevant
mathematical expression. (7)
Q.4 (b) State Faraday‟s laws of electromagnetic induction. Explain the phenomenon of mutual induction, and
derive an expression for mutual inductance of two coils, also give its unit. (1+2+3+1)

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2013
Q.1 Select the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(i) When an A.C. generator is converted in to a D.C. generator, the slip ring is replaced by ___.
* An inductor * A field coil * A split ring * A dynamo
(xv) The practical application of the phenomenon of mutual inductance is ___.
* A.C. generator * Transformer * Rectifier * Dynamo
(xiii) The direction of induced current is given by ___.
* Ohm‟s law * Lenz’s law * Coulomb‟s law * Ampere‟s law
Q.2 (i) Derive an expression for the Force on a conductor carrying current, placed in a uniform magnetic field.
(1+3)
Q.5 (a) State Ampere‟s law. Derive the expression for magnetic field of induction inside a long solenoid. (1+1+5)














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Q.1 Q.4 (c) A 10 eV electron is moving in a circular orbit

in a uniform magnetic field of strength 10-4 Wb/m2 . Calculate the radius of
the circular path and velocity of electron. (me = 9.1 10-31 kg, ) (5)
Hint:- , ,
, ,

(0.107 m, 1.875 106 m/sec) 1993

Q.2 Q.5 (c) A coil having an area of cross-section 0.05 m2 and number of turns 100 is placed in a
magnetic field of induction of 0.08 Wb/m2 . How much EMF will be induced in it if the
field is reduced to 0.02 Wb/m2 in 0.01 sec ? (5)
Hint:- , , , ,
( )

* +

* +

* +

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[ ]
[ ]

[ ]

(10 Volt) 1993

Q.3 Q.5 (c) A solenoid 25 cm long has a cross-section of 5 square cm with 250 numbers of
turns on it. If a current of 5 amperes is passed through it, find B in it. (4)
Hint:- , , ,

( ) 1994
Q.4 Q.5 (c) An electron is moving along a circle of radius . Calculate the speed of the
electron on entering perpendicular in a uniform magnetic field of 5 T .
(me = 9.1 10-31 kg, ) (5)
Hint:- , , ,

(1.58 106 m/sec) 1995

Q.5 Q.4 (d) particles are accelerated from rest at a potential difference of
1 kV . They then enter a magnetic field B = 0.2 T perpendicular to their
direction. Calculate the radius .( = 6.68 10-27 kg, ̅ ) (4)
Hint:- , , ,
,

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( ) 1997
Q.6 Q.4 (c) A solenoid 20 cm long has three layers of windings of 300 turns each. If
a current of 3 amperes passed through it, find the value of the magnetic field of induction B.
( ) (5)
Hint:- , , , ,

( )

( )

( )

( )

( ) 1998
2
Q.7 Q.5 (c) A 500 turn coil in an A.C. Generator having an area of 1000 cm
rotates in a magnetic field of value 50 T . In order to generate 220 V maximum, how
fast is the coil to be rotated? Express your answer in terms of the number of revolutions
per second. (4)
Hint:- , , ,

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(0.088 rad/sec, 0.0140 rev/sec) 1998

Q.8 Q.4 (c) A 10 eV electron is moving in a circular orbit
in a uniform magnetic field of strength 10-4 Wb/m2 . Calculate the radius of
the circular path. (me = 9.11 10-31 kg, ) (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.1
(0.107 m) 1999
Q.9 Q.5 (c) A transformer has 1000 turns in the primary coil. If the input voltage of the transformer is
200 V , what should be the number of turns of the secondary coil to obtain
an output of 6.0 V ? (3)
Hint:- , , ,

(30 turns) 1999

Q.10 Q.5 (d) What will be the mutual inductance of two coils when the change of a current of
3 amperes in the coil produces the change of flux of 10-4 Wb in the second coil
having 2000 turns ? (3)
Hint:- , , ,

(0.4 H) 2001
Q.11 Q.6 (d) An electron is accelerated by a potential difference of 1000 Volt . It then enters in to a uniform
magnetic field of induction 2.5 Wb/m2 at an angle of 450 with the direction of the
field. Find the radius of the (spiral) path described by the electron.
(me = 9.1 10-31 kg, ) (4)
Hint:- , , ,

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Alternate Method-
,

(√ )

( )

( )

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CHAPTER # 14 NUMERICALS [email protected]

( ) 2001
Q.12 Q.6 (d) An e.m.f of 45 milli-volts is induced in a coil of 500 turns , when the current in the
neighboring coil changes from 10 amperes to 14 amperes in 0.2 seconds .
(i) What is the Mutual Inductance of the coils?
(ii) What is the rate of change of flux in the second coil? (4)
Hint:- , , ,
, ,
(i)

(ii)

(i)
( )
( )
* +

( )

(ii)

( ) 2002 P/E
Q.13 Q.5 (d) A long solenoid is wound with 10 turns per cm and carries a current of
10 amperes ; find the magnetic flux density within it. (4)
Hint:- Same a Q.3
( ) 2002 P/M
Q.14 Q.4 (d) Calculate the speed of an electron entering perpendicularly in a uniform
magnetic field of 5.0 Wb/m2 which moves along a circle of radius in the field.
(me = 9.1 10-31 kg, ) (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.4
( ) 2003 P/E
Q.15 Q.5 (d) A coil of 50 turns is wound on an ivory frame
3 cm x 6 cm which rotates in a magnetic field of
induction . What will be the torque acting on it if a current of 5 amperes
passes through it and the plane of the coil makes an angle 450 with the field. (4)
Hint:- , , ,
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, ,

(0.636 N.m) 2003 P/E

Q.16 Q.6 (d) The current in a coil of 325 turns is changed from zero to 6.32 amperes thereby
producing a flux of . What is the self-inductance of the coil? (4)
Hint:- , , , ,

( )

( )

( ) 2003 P/M
Q.17 Q.4 (d) How fast must a proton of mass be moving if it is to follow a circular
path of radius 2.0 cm in a magnetic field of 0.7 T ?
( ) (4)
Hint:- , , ,

( ) 2004
Q.18 Q.6 (d) The current in a coil of 500 turns is changed from zero to 5.43 amperes thereby
producing a magnetic flux of 10-4 Wb .
What is the Self-Inductance of the coil? (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.16
( ) 2004
Q.19 Q.3 (d) A proton accelerated through 1000 Volt is projected normal to a 0.25 tesla

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magnetic field. Calculate the following:-

(i) The kinetic energy of the proton on entering the magnetic field.
(ii) The radius of the circular path of the proton. (4)
( )
Hint:- , , ,
(i) , (ii)
(i)

(ii)

( ) 2005
Q.20 Q.4 (d) A step-down transformer having 4000 turns in primary is used to convert 4400 V to
220 V . The efficiency of the transformer is 90% and 9 kW output
is required. Determine the input power , the number of turns in the secondary coil
and current in the primary and secondary coils . (4)
Hint:- , , , ,
, , , ,

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(10,000 W, 200 turns, 2.27 A, 40.90 A) 2005

Q.21 Q.5 (d) A long solenoid is wound with 35 turns in 10 cm , and carries a current of 10 A .
Find the magnetic field in it. ( ) (4)
Hint:- same as Q.3
( ) 2006
Q.22 Q.4 (d) An aero plane flying in a region where the vertical component of earth‟s magnetic field is
. If the wing span of the aero plane is 50 meters and its velocity is
360 km/hour , find the induced E.M.F between the tips of the wings of the
aero plane. (4)
Hint:- , , ,

(1.6 Volt) 2007

Q.23 Q.4 (d) A step-down transformer reduces 1100 V to 220 V . The power output is
12.5 kW and the overall efficiency of the transformer is 90% . The
primary windings have 1000 turns . How many turns do the secondary have ?
What is the power input ? What is the current in each coil ? (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.20
(200 turns, , ) 2008
Q.24 Q.4 (d) A pair of adjacent coils has a mutual inductance of 850 mH . If the current in the
primary coil changes from 0 to 20 A in 0.1 sec ; what is the change in the magnetic
flux in the secondary coil of 800 turns ? (4)
Hint:- , , ,
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, ,

( )

[ ]

( ) 2009
Q.25 Q.2 (x) Find the current required to produce a field of induction in a
50 cm long solenoid having 4000 turns of wire. ( ) (4)
Hint:- , , ,

(0.25 A) 2010
Q.26 Q.2 (viii) An alternating current generator operating at 50 Hz has a coil of 200 turns , while the coil
has an area of 120 cm2 . Calculate the magnetic field intensity applied to
rotate the coil to produce the maximum voltage of 240 . (4)
Hint:- , , ,
,

(0.318 T) 2011
Q.27 Q.2 (xiii) The inner and the outer diameters of the toroid are 22 cm and 26 cm . If

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a current of 5.0 A is passed which produces 0.025 T flux density inside the core, find the
approximate length of the wire wound on the toroid? ( ) (4)
Hint:- , , , ,

= C
=
,

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(188.52 m) 2011
Q.28 Q.2 (ii) Find the current required to produce a field of induction in a
50 cm long solenoid having 4000 turns of wire. ( ) (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.25
(0.25 A) 2012
Q.29 Q.2 (iv) An alternating current generator operates at . The area of the coil is .
Calculate the number of turns in the coil when a magnetic field of induction
produces a maximum potential difference of . (4)
Hint:- , , ,
,

( ) 2013

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CHAPTER # 15 QUESTIONS [email protected]

1995
Q.6 (a) Describe with the help of a neat diagram the construction and theory of a moving coil galvanometer.
(5)
Q.6 (b) How will you convert a galvanometer of resistance “Rg” in to a voltmeter to measure the voltage from
0 – V volts. (5)
Q.9 (a) Fill in the blanks:- (2)
(vi) A balanced Wheatstone bridge is used to determine an unknown resistance.
(ix) The galvanometer can be made more sensitive if the value of the factor is decreased.

1996
Q.7 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (7.5)
(i) Wheatstone bridge.
1997
Q.5 (a) (i) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
 To increase the accuracy in a potentiometer circuit ___.
* A wire of small length should be used
* A wire of large length should be used
* A non-uniform wire is used
(i) Write True or False for the following statement:- (1)
 The Wheatstone bridge is balanced when the current is passing through the
galvanometer. F
Q.5 (b) Describe with a neat diagram the construction and working of a moving coil galvanometer. Show that the
deflection is directly proportional to the current. (4)
What is sensitivity? What does sensitivity depend upon? (1)
Q.5 (c) Why must an ammeter be always connected in series and a voltmeter in parallel? (3)
Ans:- An ammeter must be connected in series to a circuit because its resistance is very small as
compared to the total resistance of the circuit. Hence it does not alter the current being
measured. Whereas a voltmeter has very resistance so it must be connected in parallel.
Q.6 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (7.5)
(ii) Potentiometer.
1998
Q.6 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (7.5)
(iii) Conversion of a Galvanometer in to an Ammeter and Voltmeter.
1999
Q.5 (a) (iii) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
 To increase the accuracy of a potentiometer ___.
* A uniform wire of large length should be used
* A uniform wire of a small length should be used
* Non-uniform wire should be used
Q.6 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (15)
(i) Wheatstone bridge; (iv) Conversion of a Galvanometer in to an Ammeter and Voltmeter.
2000
Q.5 (b) Describe with a neat diagram the construction and working of a moving coil galvanometer. Show that the
deflection is directly proportional to the current. (1+2+3)
Q.5 (c) What is sensitivity? What does sensitivity depend upon? (1+1)
Q.6 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (15)
(ii) Potentiometer; (iii) Conversion of a Galvanometer in to an Ammeter and a Voltmeter.

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2001
Q.6 (a) Choose the correct answer from the given options:-
(iii) A galvanometer can be used to measure the current by connecting ___.
* Low resistance in series * High resistance in series
* Low resistance in parallel * High resistance in parallel
Q.6 (c) Describe how a galvanometer can be converted in to a voltmeter? (3)
2002 P/M
Q.3 (c) State and prove Wheatstone Bridge Principle.
2002 P/E
Q.4 (c) Describe with a neat diagram the construction and working of a Moving Coil Galvanometer. Show that the
deflection is directly proportional to the current. (1+1+1+2)
Q.5 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(iii) AVO meter is used to measure ___.
* Current * Voltage * Resistance * All of them
Q.6 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(i) A Meter Bridge is used to measure ___.
* Voltage * Inductance * Capacitance * Resistance
(ii) A galvanometer can be converted in to an ammeter by connecting ___.
* Low resistance in series * High resistance on series
* Low resistance in parallel * High resistance in parallel
2003 P/M
Q.4 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(i) Potentiometer is a device for measuring ___.
* Potential difference between the two points of a circuit
* Voltage between two the points of a circuit
* E.M.F. of a current source * All of the above
Q.4 (c) How can a moving coil galvanometer be converted in to an ammeter and a voltmeter? Describe
any one in detail. (5)
2003 P/E
Q.5 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(i) A moving coil galvanometer can be converted in to an ammeter by connecting a ___.
* Low resistance in series * High resistance in series
* Low resistance in parallel * High resistance in parallel
(iii) To increase the accuracy of a potentiometer ___.
* A uniform wire of large length should be used
* A uniform wire of small length should be used
* A non-uniform wire should be used * None of these
Q.5 (c) Describe how a galvanometer can be converted in to an ammeter and derive a mathematical expression
for it. (3)
Q.6 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(i) The principle of post office box is based on ___.
* Telegraph line * Terminal potential difference
* Multimeter * Wheatstone Bridge
Q.6 (b) What is meant by a balance Wheatstone Bridge? Derive an expression for it. (5)
2004
Q.6 (b) Describe the conversion of a Galvanometer in to an Ammeter. (3)
2005
Q.6 (c) With the help of a diagram describe how a galvanometer is converted in to an ammeter. Derive the
equation for the shunt resistance. (4)

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2006
Q.4 (c) What is the principle of a Wheatstone Bridge? Derive an expression for its balanced condition. (1+3)
Q.6 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(i) In a Wheatstone Bridge circuit we balance ___.
* Resistance * Current * Voltage * All of these
(ii) The unit of least count on a galvanometer scale represents ___.
* Division * Ohm * Volt * Henry
(iii) . Hence to increase the sensitivity of a galvanometer, we must decrease the value of
___.
* * N * B * C
Hint:- Sensitivity (S) is defined as:- “The current in required to produce a unit deflection (1 mm
or 1 div) of light spot on a scale placed 1 m from the mirror”
A galvanometer is considered more sensitive if it gives large deflections for small values of
current.

Q.6 (b) Describe with a diagram the working of a Moving Coil Galvanometer. Show that the deflection is directly
proportional to the current.
2007
Q.5 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(i) A moving coil galvanometer is converted in to an ammeter by connecting to it a ___.
* Low resistance in series * High resistance in series
* High resistance in parallel * Low resistance in parallel
Q.5 (c) Describe the conversion of a galvanometer in to a voltmeter. (3)
2008
Q.5 (c) What is Wheatstone Bridge? How it is used to determine an unknown resistance? (1+3)
Q.6 (a) Choose the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(i) The sensitivity of a galvanometer can be increased by increasing ___.
* Magnetic field * Area of coil * Number of turns * All of them
2009
Q.5 (a) Select the correct for each answer from the given options:- (1)
(ii) The working principle of a post office box is ___.
* Wheatstone Bridge * Potentiometer
* Telegraph line * None of these
Q.6 (c) Draw a labeled diagram of the pivoted coil type moving coil galvanometer. Prove that its deflection is
directly proportional to the current in the coil in a radial magnetic field. (1+4)
2010
Q.1 Choose the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(xi) A single device containing ammeter, voltmeter and ohmmeter is called ___.
* VTVM * CRO * Potentiometer * Multimeter
Q.5 (b) Describe Wheatstone Bridge, prove that for a balanced Wheatstone Bridge . (5)

2011
Q.1 Select the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(v) If the length of the wire of the potentiometer is increased, the accuracy in the determination of null point
___.
* Increases * Decreases * Remains the same * Becomes zero
Q.4 (b) Give the construction and working of a moving coil galvanometer. Show that current “I” is directly
proportional to the angle of twist. (1+1+3)
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On what factors do the sensitivity of galvanometer depends? (2)

2012
Q.1 Select the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(v) AVO meter is used to measure ___.
* Electric current * Voltage * Resistance * All of these
Q.2 (v) How does a balanced Wheatstone Bridge lead to the relation Prove mathematically. (4)

2013
Q.1 Select the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(vii) Meter Bridge is used to measure ___.
* Electric current * Voltage * Resistance * Capacitance
Q.5 (b) Give the construction and working of a Moving coil galvanometer. Prove that the deflection is directly
proportional to the current in radial magnetic field. (1+2+4)

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Q.1 Q.6 (c) A galvanometer of resistance gives full scale deflection with a current of
. A resistance of is connected in series with the
coil to convert it in to a voltmeter. Find the range of voltmeter thus obtained. (5)
Hint:- , , ,
( )

(44 volt) 1995

Q.2 Q.5 (c) A moving coil galvanometer has a resistance of and it gives a full scale deflection for a
potential difference of . If the galvanometer is to be converted
in to a voltmeter of reading up to , what should be the resistance of the series
resistor. (5)
Hint:- , , ,
( )

(24975 ) 1997
Q.3 Q.5 (d) A moving coil galvanometer has a resistance of and it gives a full scale deflection for a
potential difference of . If the galvanometer is to be converted
in to a voltmeter of reading up to , what should be the resistance of the series
resistor. (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.2
(24950 ) 2000
Q.4 Q.4 (d) The coil of a galvanometer having a resistance of and a current of
produces a full scale deflection in it. Compute:-
(i) The shunt required to convert it in to an ammeter of range.
(ii) The series shunt required to convert it in to a voltmeter of range.
(4)
Hint:- , ,
(i) , (ii) ,

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(i)

( )

(ii)

2002 P/E
Q.5 Q.4 (d) An ammeter deflects full scale with a current of and has a total resistance of .
What shunt resistance must be connected to it to measure full scale current up to
(4)
Hint:- , , ,

( )

(0. ) 2003 P/M

Q.6 Q.6 (d) A V voltmeter has a total resistance of . . What additional
resistance is required to convert it in to a voltmeter, reading up to a maximum of
V (4)
Hint:- , , ,

2003 P/E
Q.7 Q.5 (d) A V voltmeter has a total resistance of . What additional series
resistance must be connected to it to increase its range to V (4)
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Hint:- same as Q.6

(12,000 ) 2004
Q.8 Q.5 (d) A maximum current can be allowed to flow through a
coil of a galvanometer. The galvanometer is to be used to measure maximum
current. Calculate the length of a copper wire to be used as a shunt. The diameter of the
wire is . (4)
Hint:- , , ,
,

[ ( ) ]

( )

* ( ) +

( )
[ ]

* +

* +

* +
[ ]

(157.1 m) 2005
Q.9 Q.6 (d) An ammeter deflects full scale with a voltage of , and has a total resistance of
. What small resistance must be connected to measure full scale?
(4)
Hint:- , , ,

( )
,

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( )

(0.167 ) 2006
Q.10 Q.5 (d) A V voltmeter has a total resistance of . What additional series
resistance is required to convert it in to a voltmeter, ranging up to a maximum of
V (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.6
2007
Q.11 Q.6 (d) A galvanometer has a resistance of . A difference of potential of
V gives full scale deflection. Calculate the shunt resistance
to read from . What is the value of the series resistance if the
galvanometer is to be converted in to a voltmeter to read up to V (4)
Hint:- , , , ,
,

( )
,

( )

2008
Q.12 Q.2 (ix) A galvanometer whose resistance is deflects full scale for a potential difference of
V across its terminals. How can it be converted in to a
voltmeter of V range? (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.3
2010
Q.13 Q.2 (iii) A galvanometer of resistance gives full scale deflection with a current of
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. A shunt of is connected in parallel to convert it in

to an ammeter. Find the range of the ammeter ? (4)
Hint:- , , ,

( )
( )

( )

(10.01 A) 2012
Q.14 Q.2 (xv) A voltmeter measuring up to has a total resistance of . . What additional
series resistance must be connected to it to increase its range to V (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.6
2013

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 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND ELECTRONICS PREPARED BY ARIF RAZA 0334-3653937
CHAPTER # 16 QUESTIONS [email protected]

1995
Q.9 (a) Fill in the blanks:- (1)
(viii) Radiations with wave length greater than red light are called infrared radiations.
Q.9 (b) Write down whether the following statements are True or False:- (2)
(iii) The process of conversion of alternating current in to direct current is called amplification.
F
(vii) Maxwell derived mathematically that the velocity of the electromagnetic waves is .
√
T
1997
Q.6 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (7.5)
(iv) Band theory of solids.
1998
Q.6 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (7.5)
(iv) n-p-n OR p-n-p transistors.
1999
Q.6 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:-
(iv) Semiconductor diode.
2001
Q.5 (c) With the help of a circuit diagram explain the working of a full wave rectifier. (4)
Q.6 (a) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
(i) P-type semi-conductor is obtained by adding impurity materials of group ___.
* Five elements * Three elements
* Four elements * Six elements
2002 P/M
Q.5 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(ii) The forbidden energy gap between the valence band and the conduction band in semi-
conductors is ___.
* Fairly large * Relatively narrow * Zero * Infinite
Q.5 (b) What is doping? Explain how p-type and n-type semi-conductors are made? (3)
Q.6 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(i) The speed of electromagnetic waves depends on ___.
* Permeability only * Permittivity only
* Both permeability and permeability * None of them
(ii) Semi-conductor diode can be used as ___.
* Amplifier * Rectifier * Potentiometer * Voltmeter
2002 P/E
Q.3 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(ii) A semiconductor diode is used as ___.
* An amplifier * An oscillator * A rectifier * None of them
Q.6 (c) How are p-type and n-type semiconductors made? Explain with diagrams the forward and reverse biasing
of p-n junction. (1+1+1.5+1.5)
2003 P/M
Q.5 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(i) The elements of group IV, like Ge and Si can be converted to p-type semi-conductors by ___.
* Adding impurity of group V elements
* Adding impurity of group III elements
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* Adding impurity of both groups V and III elements * None of these

Q.6 (b) What is a Transistor? Describe the working of NPN transistor. (1+2)
2003 P/E
Q.4 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(ii) Electrical conductors contain ___.
* Only free * Only bound
* Both free and bound * Neither bound nor free
Q.6 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(i) The speed of electromagnetic wave is given as ___.
* √ *
√
*
√
* √
(iii) In p-type semiconductor, the majority charge carriers are ___.
* Electrons * Protons * Neutrons * Holes
Q.6 (c) What is a Diode? How can a diode be used as a rectifier? (1+2)
2005
Q.3 (c) What is a semi-conductor diode? Describe the working of a full-wave rectifier using semi-conductor
diodes with the help of a circuit diagram. (1+3)
Q.4 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(i) The semi-conductor diode is used as ___.
* Amplifier * Rectifier * Modulator * Oscillator
2006
Q.3 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(iii) A pn junction can be used as ___.
* Rectifier * Amplifier * Transformer * Ohm-meter
Q.6 (c) What is a Transistor? Describe the working of a NPN or PNP transistor. (1+3)
2007
Q.6 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(i) In p-type semiconductors, the majority of the charge carriers are ___.
* Electrons * Protons * Neutrons * Holes
(ii) A Semi-Conductor Diode is used as ___.
* An amplifier * An oscillator * A rectifier * None of the above
(iii) The speed of electromagnetic wave is given as ___.
* √ *
√
*
√
* √
Q.6 (b) How are P-type and N-type semi-conductors made? Explain with the help of a diagram the forward and
reverse biasing of P-N junction. (1+1+1.5+1.5)
Q.6 (c) Calculate the speed of the electromagnetic wave,
given that (4)
Ans:-

√ √ √ √

2008
Q.6 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(iii) In a semi-conductor ___.
* The electrons move in the conduction band while the holes move in the forbidden band
* The holes move in the conduction band while the electrons move in the forbidden band
* The electrons move in the conduction band while the holes move in the valence
band

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* The holes move in the conduction band while the electrons move in the valence band
only
Q.5 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(i) The potential difference applied across the P-N junction which results in the reduction of the
barrier potential is ___.
* Reverse biasing * Forward biasing
* Charging * Induction
2009
Q.5 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(i) The diode which gives off visible light when energized is called ___.
* Photo diode * L.C.D. * Photovoltaic diode * L.E.D.
(iii) The device used to convert A.C. to D.C. is called ___.
* Amplifier * L.E.D. * Commutator * Rectifier
Q.6 (b) Describe the working of PNP or NPN transistor. (3)
2010
Q.1 Choose the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(i) Donor impurities are ___.
* Ge and Si * In and Ga * Ab and As * Li and As
(xii) In a semi-conductor, the energy gap between the valence band and the conduction band is ___.
* Narrow * Wide * Not present *
Q.2 (vii) What is p-n junction? Explain the formation of potential barrier in p-n junction. (1+3)
2011
Q.1 Select the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(iii) pn junction Diode works as an insulator if connected ___.
* To a.c. source * In forward bias * In reverse bias * All of these
(xi) Emitter Base junction is forward biased in ___.
* pnp transistor * npn transistor * Both npn and pnp transistor * Rectifier
Q.2 (ii) Explain the formation of potential barrier in pn junction. (4)
2012
Q.2 (ix) What is a semi-conductor diode? How it is used for half-wave rectification? (1+3)
2013
Q.5 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(ii) The diode which gives off visible light when energized is called ___.
* LCD * Photo diode * LED * Photovoltaic diode
(xii) The speed of electromagnetic wave is given as ___.
*
√
* * √ *
Q.2 (ii) With the help of a diagram explain the working of a Full-wave rectifier. (1+3)

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1993
Q.8 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (15)
(i) Special theory of relativity;
(ii) Compton effect.
1994
Q.7 (a) Explain photoelectric effect. Write down the results obtained from the experiments on photoelectric effect.
(5)
Q.7 (b) Explain this phenomenon from the quantum theory of light. Derive Einstein‟s photoelectric effect equation.
(5)
Q.8 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (7.5)
(iv) Compton‟s effect.
1995
Q.8 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (15)
(i) Special theory of relativity;
(ii) Compton effect.
Q.9 (a) Fill in the blanks:- (1)
(x) A particle with mass equal to an electron but charge that of a proton is called positron.
Q.9 (b) Write down whether the following statements are True and False:- (2)
(iv) A black body is a perfect absorber of radiation. T
(v) Energy of photons depends upon the intensity of light. F
Q.9 (c) Select the correct answer for each from the following:- (1)
(iv) Wave length of material particle of mass “m” moving with velocity “ ” is given by ___.
* * * *

1996
Q.8 (a) (i) Fill in the blank with the correct answer:- (1.5)
 The frequency of the incident light at which the photoelectrons have energy equal to the
work function of a metal is called threshold frequency of the metal.
(ii) Select the correct answer from the following:- (1.5)
 Einstein‟s photoelectric equation is ___.
* * *
Q.8 (b) What is photoelectric effect? What remarkable experimental result s are obtained about photoelectric
emission? (2+5)
Q.8 (c) Give Einstein‟s explanation of the photoelectric effect on the basis of quantum theory of radiation. (5)
1997
Q.8 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (15)
(i) Special theory of relativity;
(ii) Compton effect.
1998
Q.7 (a) (i) Write True or False for the following:- (1)
 If the frequency of radiation is increased, the stopping potential is also increased.
T
(ii) Fill in the blank with the correct answer:- (1)
 The photon is a particle that has no charge/antiparticle and no mass.
(iii) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
 The wave length of material particle of mass “m” moving with velocity “ ” is given by ___.
* * *

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Q.7 (b) Explain the phenomenon of Photoelectric Emission. What are the factors on which it depends? (2+1)
Give Einstein‟s explanation of the photoelectric effect on the basis of the Quantum Theory of Radiation.
(4)
What is Photocell? Give its uses in our daily life. (1+1)
Q.8 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (7.5)
(i) Uncertainty Principle.
1999
Q.7 (a) (i) Fill in the blanks with the correct answer:- (1)
 From the Theory of Relativity the velocity of light is a universal constant and is equal to
.
(ii) Select the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
 Einstein‟s Theory of Relativity states that the speed of light in vacuum is ___.
* Independent of the motion of the source and the observer
* Affected by the ether drift
* Dependent on the motion of the source and the observer
Q.7 (b) State the basic postulates of the Special Theory of Relativity. (3)
Q.7 (c) Explain the important results arrived at by Einstein on the basis of this theory. (10)
Q.8 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (7.5)
(iii) Compton effect.
2000
Q.7 (a) (i) Write True or False for the following statements:- (1)
 The absorption power of a perfect Black Body is one. T
(ii) Fill in the blank with the correct answer:- (1)
 At rest the mass of Photon is zero.
(iii) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
 Number of photoelectrons emitted from a metal depends upon ___.
* Frequency of incident light * Wavelength of incident light
* Intensity of incident light * None of these
Q.8 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (15)
(ii) Uncertainty Principle;
(ii) Photoelectric effect;
(v) Black Body and it Laws of Radiation.
2001
Q.7 (a) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (3)
(i) The relativistic changes in mass, length and time in daily life are not observed because ___.
* The masses of objects are very large * The size of objects are very large
* The velocity of objects is very small in comparison to the velocity of light
* None of the above
(ii) As the temperature of a black body is raised, the wave length corresponding to the maximum
intensity ___.
* Shift toward longer wavelength
* Shift toward shorter wavelength
* Greater frequency and greater wavelength * None of the above
(iii) In Compton effect, the scattered photon has ___.
* Greater frequency and smaller wave length
* Smaller frequency and greater wave length
* Greater frequency and greater wave length * None of the above
Q.7 (b) Define Photoelectric effect. Explain it on the basis of the Quantum Theory of light and obtain Einstein‟s
Photoelectric Equation. (1+2+2)
2002 P/M
Q.7 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(ii) The maximum kinetic energy of photoelectron emitted form a metal depends upon ___.

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* The frequency of incident light only * The wavelength of incident light only
* Work function of the metal only * All of them
Q.7 (c) Give the postulates and explain the consequences of Special Theory of Relativity. (5)
2002 P/E
Q.7 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(i) Max Plank is well known because of his ___.
* Energy Quantization * Energy Conservation
* Wave Particle Duality * Momentum Conservation
(ii) A frame of reference is called if it is ___.
* Rotatory * Accelerated
* Moving with uniform velocity * Vibratory
(iii) According to Uncertainty Principle ___.
* *
* *
Q.8 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(i) The Einstein‟s Photo-Electric Equation is ___.
* *
* * * +
(ii) The absorption of the incident radiation by a perfect black body is ___.
* Zero % * 100 % * 90 % * 50 %
(iii) Pair production is only possible when incident photon has the wavelength of the order of ___.
* * * *
Hint:- Pair production is possible only when the incident photon has energy equal to or greater
than 1.02 MeV. This corresponds to wavelength,

Q.8 (c) Give the postulates of the Special Theory of Relativity and discuss the important result obtained by
Einstein. (5)
2003 P/M
Q.7 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(i) The reverse of Pair Production is known as ___.
* Fusion * Fission
* Annihilation of Electron and Positron
* Annihilation of Electron and Proton
Q.7 (c) Explain the phenomenon of Compton effect and obtain an expression for the increase in wavelength of
the scattered photon. (5)
2003 P/E
Q.7 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:-
(i) The formula for the momentum of the photon is ___.
* * * *
(ii) If the frequency of light causing photoelectric emission is doubled, the kinetic energy of
photoelectron will be ___.
* Increased by a factor * Doubled
√
* Increased by a factor less than 2 * Increased by a factor greater than 2
Hint:- Since is a constant, Upon doubling the incident frequency of light, incident energy
increases twice and with still the same, the kinetic energy of the photoelectrons
increases greater than twice.
For example:- Say and
Now upon doubling the incident frequency, incident energy becomes
twice, i.e. . So,
(iii) Wien‟s Law is given as ___.
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* *
* √ *
Q.7 (b) Define Threshold frequency and Stopping Potential and derive Einstein‟s Photoelectric Effect Equation.
(1+1+3)
2004
Q.7 (a) (i) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
 The number of photoelectrons emitted from a metal depends upon ___.
* The frequency of the incident light
* The wavelength of the incident light
* The color of the incident light
* The intensity of the incident light
(ii) Write True or False for the following:- (1)
 In Pair Production we need photons of at least 1.02 MeV energy T
(iii) Fill in the blank with the correct answer:- (1)
 The energy of each quantum as proposed by Plank is given by .
Q.8 (a) (i) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
 The disintegration of a photon in to electron and positron near a heavy nucleus is known
as ___.
* Annihilation * * * Pair Production
Q.8 (c) Describe the Compton Effect. (5)
2005
Q.7 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(ii) The frequency of the incident radiation corresponding to the work function is called ___.
* Fundamental frequency * Working frequency
* Critical frequency * Threshold frequency
Q.7 (c) What do you understand by Photoelectric Effect? Write down the definition of Work Function, Stopping
Potential and Threshold Frequency. Establish the relation between the work function and the threshold
frequency. (1+1+1+1)
Q.8 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(i) The radiation from a black body depends upon ___.
* Material of the body * Size of the body
* Shape of the body * Temperature of the body
(iii) As a result of elastic collision between a photon and an electron the ___.
* Frequency of the photon is increased
* Wavelength of the photon is increased
* Energy of the photon is increased * X-rays are produced
Q.8 (b) What do you understand by the Frame of Reference and Inertial Frame of Reference? Give one example
of each from daily life. (1+1)
Briefly discuss the three basic equations from relativity predicting the relativistic changes. (3)
2006
Q.7 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(i) The formula for the momentum of a photon is ___.
* * * *
Q.7 (b) What are the postulates of the Special Theory of Relativity? Explain any three results of Einstein‟s Theory
of Relativity. (1+3)
Q.8 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(i) The emissive power of a black body radiation is proportional to ___.
* * * *

2007
Q.7 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(i) A frame of reference is called inertial if it is ___.

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* Rotatory * Accelerated
* Vibratory * Moving with uniform velocity
(ii) In Compton Effect the scattered photon has ___.
* Greater frequency, smaller wavelength
* Greater frequency, greater wavelength
* Smaller frequency, greater wavelength * None of the above
(iii) The wave length of a material particle of mass “m” moving with velocity “ ” is given by ___.
* * * *
Q.7 (c) What is Black Body and Black Body Radiation? State the laws governing the Black Body and Black Body
Radiation. Give their mathematical expressions. (4)
Q.8 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(i) The absorption of the incident radiation by a perfect Black Body is ___.
* * 50 % * 90 % *
(ii) A Compton shift depends only on photon‟s ___.
* Wavelength * Energy * Frequency * Scattering angle
Q.8 (c) Describe Compton Effect. Derive the formula for the Compton shift. (5)
2008
Q.7 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(i) Galilean transformations are applicable to a frame of reference which is ___.
* Stationary * Moving * Inertial * Non-inertial
(ii) A perfect black body ___.
* Is a perfect absorber of radiation * Has a unit absorptive power
* Is the most efficient radiator * All of them
(iii) The experimental evidence of Einstein‟s mass-energy equation is ___.
* Photoelectric effect and Compton effect * Elastic collision
* Pair production and annihilation of matter * Radioactive emission
Q.7 (b) What is Photoelectric Effect? Discuss some of the important results of this theory. Derive Einstein‟s
photoelectric effect equation. (1+1+2)
Q.8 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(ii) The expression represents ___.
* Stefan‟s Law * Wien’s Displacement Law
* Rayleigh-Jeans Law * Planck‟s Law
2009
Q.7 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(i) The emissive power of a black body is proportional to ___.
* * * *
(ii) The photoelectric emission takes place if ___.
* * * *
(iii) According to the Principle of Uncertainty ___.
* * * *
Q.7 (b) Explain the process of Pair Production briefly. (3)
Q.8 (c) What is Compton Effect? Explain it on the basis of Quantum Theory. Derive a relation for the Compton
Shift. (5)
2010
Q.1 Choose the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(xiii) The emissive power of a black body is proportional to ___.
* * * *
(xiv) The phenomenon of pair production takes place if the energy of photon is greater than ___.
* 1.0 MeV * * 0.051 MeV * None of these

2011
Q.1 Select the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (5)
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(ii) In order to increase the kinetic energy of an ejected photoelectron, there should be an increase in ___.
* Frequency of radiation * Wavelength of radiation
* Intensity of radiation * Both wavelength and frequency
(x) As the temperature of the Black Body is raised, the wavelength corresponding to the maximum intensity
shifts towards ___.
* Shorter wavelength * Longer wavelength
* Similar wavelength * Lower frequency
(xiv) A photoelectric cell transforms light energy in to ___.
* Heat energy * Magnetic energy * Electrical energy * Sound energy
(xv) De ‟Broglie wavelength, associated with the particle is given by ___.
* * * *
(xvi) The minimum energy required for a pair production is ___.
* * 102 MeV * 10.2 MeV * 1.02 volt
Q.5 (b) What is photoelectric effect? Discuss the results with the help of graphs and derive Einstein‟s
photoelectric equation. (1+3+3)
2012
Q.1 Select the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (5)
(ii) According to Uncertainty Principle ___.
* *
* *
(x) According to Einstein‟s special theory of relativity, the mass of a particle moving with the speed of light will
become ___.
* Zero * Double * Infinite * Ten times
(xvii) The mathematical expression is called ___.
* Stefan‟s Law * Wien’s Displacement Law
* Rayleigh-Jeans Law * Planck‟s Law
Q.3 (b) Describe Compton‟s Effect. Derive the formula for the Compton shift. (2+5)
2013
Q.1 Select the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (3)
(vi) This was the first experimental evidence of Einstein‟s mass-energy relation ___.
* Deuteron-induced reaction * Protons-induced reaction
* Gamma-induced reaction * None of these
(x) The rest mass of photon is ___.
* * Zero * Infinity *
(xvi) As the temperature of the Black Body is raised, the wavelength corresponding to the maximum intensity
shifts towards ___.
* Similar wavelength * Shorter wavelength
* Longer wavelength * None of these
Q.4 (a) What is Photo-electric effect? Explain its important results. Also derive Einstein‟s photo-electric equation.
(1+3+3)

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CONSTANTS USED IN THIS CHAPTER

̅ ̅

Q.1 Q.7 (c) The work function of a metal is 2 eV . The light of

wavelength 3000 is made to fall on it. Find the
kinetic energy of the fastest emitted photoelectron. (5)
Hint:- , ,

(2.14 eV) 1994

Q.2 Q.7 (c) The range of visible light is to . Will
the photoelectrons be emitted by a copper surface of work function
4.4 eV , when illuminated by visible light? Give
the mathematical proof of your answer. (3)
Hint:- , ,

(Since therefore no photoelectrons will be emitted) 1998

Q.3 Q.7 (d) When the light of the wavelength falls on a metal surface, stopping
potential is 0.6 volt. Find the value of the work function of the metal? (3)
Hint:- , ,

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(2.50 eV) 2001

Q.4 Q.7 (d) Find the speed at which the mass of a particle will be doubled . (4)
Hint:- ,

(√ ) ( )

√ √

√
( )
Q.5 Q.8 (d) Given . Find the total energy and the kinetic energy of an
electron moving with a speed . (4)
Hint:- , , ,

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√ √
( )

(0.97 MeV, 0.459 MeV) 2002 P/E

Q.6 Q.8 (d) Sodium surface is shined with the light of wavelength . If the work function of
Na = 2.46 eV , find the kinetic energy
of the photoelectrons. (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.1
(1.68 eV) 2003 P/M
Q.7 Q.8 (d) A sodium surface is shined with the light of wavelength . If the work function of
sodium is 2.46 eV , find the kinetic energy
of the photoelectrons. (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.1
(1.68 eV) 2003 P/E
Q.8 Q.8 (d) Compare the energy of a photon of wavelength with the energy of X-ray
photon of wavelength . (4)
Hint:- , ,

( )

( )

( )

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2004
Q.9 Q.8 (d) Estimate the relativistic mass and the wavelength associated with an electron
moving at 0.9 c. (4)
Hint:- , ,

( ) 2005
Q.10 Q.7 (d) An electron exists within a region of 10-10 m , find its momentum uncertainty and
approximate kinetic energy . (4)
Hint:- , .

( , 3.78 eV) 2006

Q.11 Q.8 (d) In Compton scattering process the fractional change in wavelength of X-ray photon is
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1% , at an angle 1200, ( ; find the wavelength of X-rays

used in this experiment. (3)
Hint:- , ,

[ ]
[ ]

2007
Q.12 Q.7 (d) Calculate the relativistic speed at which the mass of a particle becomes double its rest
mass . (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.4
√
( )
Q.13 Q.7 (d) A sodium surface is shined with the light of wavelength . If the work function of the
sodium metal is 2.46 eV , find the kinetic
energy of the photoelectrons and also cut off wavelength . (4)
Hint:- , ,
,

2009
Q.14 Q.2 (xiv) If the electron beam in a television picture tube is accelerated by 10,000 V , what will be the
De‟ Broglie‟s wavelength ? (4)

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Hint:- ,

̅ ̅

̅
√
̅

2010
Q.15 Q.2 (xii) What will be the relativistic velocity and momentum of a particle whose rest mass
is and kinetic energy is equal to twice of its rest mass energy . (4)
Hint:- , ,

√ √

(√ ) ( )

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√ √

√ √

√
√
√
Q.16 Q.2 (xv) If the electron beam in a TV picture tube is accelerated by 10 kV , what will be
the De‟ Broglie‟s wavelength of an electron? (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.14
2011
Q.17 Q.2 (iv) Given . Find the total energy and the kinetic energy of an
electron moving with a speed . (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.5
(0.97 MeV, 0.459 MeV) 2012
Q.18 Q.2 (xv) A sodium surface is shined with the light of wavelength . If the work function of the
sodium metal is 2.46 eV , find the kinetic
energy of the photoelectrons and also cut off wavelength . (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.13
2012
Q.19 Q.2 (vi) Pair annihilation occurred due to a head on collision of an electron and a positron having the
same kinetic energy [ ] , producing pair of photons each having energy of
. What were their kinetic energies before collision?
Given (4)
Hint:- ,

2013

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 THE ATOMIC SPECTRA PREPARED BY ARIF RAZA 0334-3653937
CHAPTER # 18 QUESTIONS [email protected]

1993
Q.7 (a) State the basic postulates of Bohr‟s theory of atomic structure. (5)
Q.7 (b) Derive the expression for the radius and energy of the orbit of hydrogen atom. (5)
1994
Q.8 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (7.5)
(ii) Bohr‟s atomic theory.
1995
Q.7 (a) State the basic postulates of Bohr‟s atomic theory. (5)
Q.7 (b) Derive an expression for the radii and energy of various orbits of hydrogen atom. (5)
Q.9 (c) Select the correct answer for each from the following:- (1)
rd
(v) Special series obtained due to transition of electron from higher to III orbit is called ___.
* Lyman series * Balmer series * Bracket series * Paschen series
1997
Q.7 (a) (i) .Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
 When fast moving electrons are stopped by a metal target of high atomic weight, the
phenomenon give rise to ___.
* X-rays * -rays * -rays
(ii) Fill in the blank with the correct answer:- (1)
 The minimum energy required to excite a hydrogen atom (from ground state) is .
Q.7 (b) State the basic postulates of Bohr‟s theory of atomic structure. (3)
Q.7 (b) Derive the expression for the radius and the energy of the orbit of a hydrogen atom. (7)
1998
Q.8 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (15)
(ii) Bohr‟s atomic model;
(iv) Laser and its applications.
1999
Q.8 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (7.5)
(iv) Bohr‟s atomic model;
2000
Q.7 (b) State the basic postulates of Bohr‟s theory of atomic structure. (3)
Q.7 (c) Derive the expression for radius of the orbit and total energy of the electron in the orbit of a
hydrogen atom. (3+3)
2001
Q.7 (c) Describe the construction and working of Ruby laser. (2+2)
Q.8 (a) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (2)
(i) Balmer series is obtained when all the transitions of electrons terminate on ___.
rd th nd st
* 3 orbit * 4 orbit * 2 orbit * 1 orbit
(ii) The laser is a device which can produce ___.
* An intense beam of light * A coherent beam of light
* A monochromatic beam of light * All of the above
2002 P/M
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Q.7 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(i) The fast moving electrons stopped by a heavy metallic target in an evacuated glass tube, give
rise to the production of ___.
* -particle * -particle * X−rays * Protons
Q.8 (c) State the postulates of Bohr‟s Atomic Model and hence derive an expression for the radius of the
orbit. (1+3)
2002 P/E
Q.7 (c) Derive an expression for the radius of the orbit of a hydrogen atom. (4)
2003 P/M
Q.7 (b) State Bohr‟s postulates for a hydrogen atom. (3)
Q.8 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(ii) According to Bohr‟s postulate, the electron revolving round the nucleus in a fixed orbit radiates
___.
* Energy * No energy * -rays * -rays
2003 P/E
Q.7 (c) Describe the construction and working of the Ruby laser. (1+2)
Q.8 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(i) In a hydrogen atom Balmer series lines are emitted as the electron falls to the orbit having ___.
* N=1 * N=2 * N=3 * N=4
(iii) The laser is a device which can produce ___.
* An electron beam of light * A coherent beam of light
* A neutron beam of light * All of these
2005
Q.7 (b) Derive the expressions for the following:-
(i) The energy of an electron in the shell of a hydrogen atom; (2)
(ii) The wavelength of the photons emitted in a hydrogen spectrum. (2)
2006
Q.8 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(ii) The frequencies in spectral lines emitted in Lyman series are in the ___ region.
* Visible * Infrared * X-rays * Ultraviolet
Q.8 (b) Applying Bohr‟s postulates on hydrogen atom, derive an expression for the radius of the orbit. (4)
2007
Q.7 (b) State Bohr‟s postulates for a hydrogen atom. Derive the expression for the total energy of the electron in
the orbit of a hydrogen atom. (5)
2008
Q.8 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(iii) Hydrogen atom spectrum consists of lines in ___.
* Ultraviolet region * Visible region * Infrared region * All of them
Q.8 (c) What is Laser? Discuss meta-stable and population inversion in a lasing material. (1+3)
2009
Q.7 (c) State the postulates of Bohr‟s Atomic Theory. Using Bohr‟s theory derive the expression for the radii of
the orbits of a hydrogen atom. (5)
2010
Q.1 Choose the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(xv) Brackett series of hydrogen atom lies in the ___ region.
* Visible * Infrared * X-rays * Ultraviolet
(xvii) The wavelength of X-rays is in the range ___.
* * * *
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Q.2 (iv) Differentiate between the principle of production of Laser and light from an incandescent bulb. Also give
their characteristics. (2+2)
Q.4 (a) State the basic postulates of Bohr‟s Theory of atomic structure. Derive an expression for the radius of
orbit of a hydrogen atom. (3+4)
2011
Q.2 (iii) Why does Hydrogen spectrum contain a large number of spectral lines although it has only one electron?
(4)
2012
Q.1 Select the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(xii) Laser produces ___.
* An electron beam * Neutron beam
* A coherent beam of light * All of these
Q.5 (a) State the postulates of Bohr‟s atomic theory and derive the expression for the radius of orbit of a
hydrogen atom. (2+5)
2013
Q.1 Select the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (1)
rd st
(iv) When an electron falls from the 3 orbit to the 1 in the Hydrogen atom, the lines spectrum obtained
belongs to ___.
* Brackett series * Lyman series * Balmer series * Paschen series
Q.4 (b) Derive an expression for the following when :-

th
(i) The energy of an electron in the n orbit of hydrogen atom. (4)
(ii) The wavelength of photons emitted in hydrogen atom. (3)

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CONSTANTS USED IN THIS CHAPTER

̅ ̅

Q.1 Q.7 (c) The energy of the lowest excited level of hydrogen atom is . Calculate the energy
of the emitted photon in transition from . (5)
Hint:- , ,

( )

( )

( )

(2.55 eV) 1993

Q.2 Q.7 (c) Find the wavelength of light which is capable of ionizing a hydrogen atom. (5)
Hint:-
( )

( )

( ) 1995
Q.3 Q.7 (d) The energy of an electron in an excited hydrogen atom is , calculate the
angular momentum of the electron according to Bohr’s theory. (3)
Hint:- ,

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( ) 1997
Q.4 Q.7 (d) What is the wavelength of the radiation that is emitted when hydrogen atom undergoes a
transition from the state . (3)
Hint:- , ,

( )

( )

( )

( ) 2000
Q.5 Q.8 (d) What is the longest wavelength of light which is capable of ionizing a hydrogen atom?
What energy in electron volt is needed to ionize it? (4)
Hint:- ,
( )

( )

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( , 13.6 eV) 2002 P/M

Q.6 Q.7 (d) A photon of 12.1 eV absorbed by a hydrogen atom originally in the
ground state raises the atom to an excited state . What is the quantum
number of this state? (4)
Hint:- , ,

| |
| |

2002P/E

| |
| |

Q.7 Q.7 (d) An electron in the hydrogen atom makes a transition from energy state to the ground state
(corresponding to ); find the wavelength in the ultraviolet region. (4)
Hint:- , ,

( )

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( )

( )

( ) 2003P/E
Q.8 Q.7 (d) What minimum energy is required in an X-ray tube in order to produce X-rays with a
wavelength of (4)
Hint:- ,

2004
Q.9 Q.7 (d) In a hydrogen atom an electron experiences transition from a state whose binding energy is
0.54 eV to the state whose excitation energy is 10.2 eV . Calculate:-
(i) The quantum numbers of the two states;
(ii) The wavelength of the photon emitted. (4)
Hint:- , , (i) (ii)
(i)

| |
| |

(ii)
( )

( )

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( )

( ) 2005
Q.10 Q.7 (d) Calculate the Binding energy of a hydrogen atom. (3)
Hint:-
[The binding energy is numerically equal to the energy of the lowest state. The largest
negative value of in the given equation is found for ]
̅

[ ]

[ ]

( ) 2007
Q.11 Q.8 (d) Calculate the longest and shortest wavelengths of emitted photons in
hydrogen spectra in Balmer series. (4)
Hint:- ,

( )

( )

( )

( )

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( )

( )

, ) 2008
Q.12 Q.2 (xii) Find the shortest wavelength of photon emitted in Balmer series and determine its
energy . (4)
Hint:- ,
( )

( )

( )

( , 3.4 eV) 2010

Q.13 Q.2 (xi) Calculate the energy of the longest wavelength radiation emitted in the Paschen series
in hydrogen atom spectra. (4)
Hint:-
( )

( )

( )

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(0.662 eV) 2011

Q.14 Q.2 (xi) Find the value of the shortest and the longest wavelength of emitted
photons in hydrogen spectra in Balmer series. (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.11
, ) 2012
Q.15 Q.2 (v) A hydrogen atom in the ground state get excited by absorbing a photon of
. Find the quantum number of this state ? (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.6
2013

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1993
Q.8 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (7.5)
(iii) Radioactivity.
1994
Q.8 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (7.5)
(iii) Fission reaction.
1995
Q.8 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (15)
(ii) Fission reaction; (iv) Mass Defect.
Q.9 (a) Fill in the blanks:- (1)
(vii) Nuclei of same element with different nuclear masses but the same charge numbers are called
isotopes.
Q.9 (b) Write down whether the following statements are True or False:- (1)
(vi) The binding energy of the nucleus is the energy released during fission reaction. T
1996
Q.8 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (15)
(i) Radioactivity;
(ii) Half-life of radioactive element;
(iv) Fusion reaction.
1997
Q.8 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (7.5)
(iv) Fission reaction.
1998
Q.8 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (7.5)
(iii) Nuclear Fusion reaction.
1999
Q.8 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (15)
(i) Nuclear Fission;
(ii) Radioactivity.
2000
Q.8 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (7.5)
(iii) Nuclear Fusion.
2001
Q.8 (a) Choose the correct answer from the given options:- (1)
(iii) The nuclei having the same mass number but different atomic numbers are called ___.
* Isotopes * Isobars * Isotones * Isomers
Q.8 (c) Define the term radioactivity and half-life of a radioactive element and give the law of radioactive decay.
(1+1+2)
2002 P/M
Q.7 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)

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(iii) In radioactive decay law, ___.

* Wavelength * Half life
* Mass of radioactive sample * Decay constant
Q.7 (b) Describe the changes in parent nucleus as a result of emissions. (3)
Q.8 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(ii) Breeder reactor is used to convert ___.
* *
* *
(iii) The process in which heavier nucleus is formed from the combination of lighter nuclei is called
___.
* Fission * Fusion * Radioactivity * Mass deficit
2002 P/E
Q.8 (b) Explain fission reaction. (3)
2003 P/M
Q.7 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(ii) The process of emission from a nucleus involves the change in ___.
* Mass number * Charge number
* Mass number and charge number * No change occurs
Q.8 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(i) The process of splitting of a heavy nucleus in to smaller fragments is called ___.
* Fusion * Fission * Pair production * Annihilation of matter
Q.8 (b) Define Radioactivity and explain the law of radioactive decay. (1+2)
2003 P/E
Q.8 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(ii) In a nuclear reaction: ___. The missing particle is ___.
* Proton * Neutron * Electron *
Q.8 (b) Define Radioactivity and state the law of radioactive decay. Explain how half-life of the radioactive
element can be determined. (1+1+2)
2004
Q.7 (b) Define the following:- (3)
(i) Isotopes; (ii) Mass defect; (iii) Binding energy.
Q.7 (c) Define Radioactivity. Derive a relation for the law of radioactive decay. (1+4)
Q.8 (a) Fill in the blanks with the correct answer:- (1)
(iii) The ratio of the mass of proton to the mass of electron is 1836.
2005
Q.7 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(i) One atomic mass unit is equal to ___.
* * * *
Hint:- See page 91 for description.
(iii) The energy equivalent to the mass reduced in the formation of a nucleus is called ___.
* Nuclear energy * Binding energy
* Fusion energy * Potential energy
Q.8 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(ii) The atomic number of an element is increased as a result of ___.
* *
* Pair production * Photoelectric effect
Q.8 (c) With the help of a nuclear process prove that a neutron can disintegrate in to an electron and a proton.
Write down the conservation equations in support of your answer. (3)
2006
Q.7 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
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(ii) The atomic number of a radioactive element is increased as a result of ___.

* * * * Pair production
(iii) In a nuclear reaction: ___, the missing particle is ___.
* Proton * Neutron * Electron *
Q.7 (c) State and explain the law of radioactive decay with its exponential curve. (1+3)
2007
Q.8 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(iii) In radioactive decay law, ___.
* Wavelength * Half life
* Mass of radioactive sample * Decay constant
2008
Q.8 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(i) The rate of decay of a radioactive substance ___.
* Increases with increases time
* Remains constant with increasing time
* Decreases exponentially with increasing time * None of these
Q.8 (b) What is Nuclear Fission? Discuss fission chain reaction. How are moderators used to control fission in the
nuclear reactors? (4)
2009
Q.8 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (2)
(ii) The half-life of radium is 1600 years. After 6400 years, the sample of the surviving radium would
be its ___.
* * * *
(iii) When a nucleus emits a beta particle, its atomic number ___.
* Increases * Decreases
* Remains constant * None of these
Q.8 (b) What is the Half-Life of radioactive nuclei? State the law of decay and give the relation between the decay
constant and the half-life. (1+1+1)
2010
Q.1 Choose the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(xvi) The radioactive decay law is ___.
* * * *
Q.2 (v) Do come from the same element? Why do we find all three in many radioactive
substances? (4)
Ans:- A radioactive element either emits or , but never both. Gamma
radiations generally accompany and in some cases with .
A radioactive element (or sample) is a mixture of various nuclides of different relative abundances
and with different modes of disintegration. Hence we find all the three activities in a radioactive
sample at the same time. For example, Ra-226 is an , but Ra-225 is an
2011
Q.2 (v) Define nuclear fission and nuclear fusion reaction. How can the fission chain be controlled? Name the
process which produces energy in the sun and in the nuclear reactor? (1+1+1+1)
Q.3 (b) Define radioactivity. Explain the law of radioactive decay. Write the equation showing the change in the
parent nuclei by decay. (1+3+3)
2012
Q.1 Select the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(xi) After alpha decay, the nucleus has its ___.
* Charge number decreased by four * Charge number increased by four
* Mass number increased by four * Mass number decreased by four
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Q.2 (viii) Do come from the same element? Why are all these found in many radioactive
substances?
Ans:- See Q.2 (v) 2010 (4)
2013
Q.1 Select the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(iii) In radioactive decay law, ___.
* Wavelength * Half life
* Decay constant * None of these
Q.2 (iii) How is the chain reaction controlled in a nuclear reactor? (4)

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UNIFIED ATOMIC MASS UNIT (U):-

Atoms are so tiny that even the smallest speck of dust visible to the naked
eye contains about 1016 atoms. Thus, the mass of a single atom in grams is
much too small a number for convenience, and physicists therefore use a unit
called a “unified atomic mass unit (u)”, also known as “dalton (Da)”

It is defined as:-
“The of the atomic mass of the most abundant type of Carbon atom , and is
exactly taken as 12 u”
So,

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We know,

Now,

CONSTANTS USED IN THIS CHAPTER

̅ ̅

Q.1 Q.8 (d) Find the binding energy of in MeV if the mass of a
proton = 1.007 8 u , mass of a neutron = 1.008 6 u , mass of a
Te atom = 125.903 3 u . (4)
Hint:- , , , ,
,

Note:- Note that equation (1) does not include , the mass of Z protons. Rather, it contains ,
the mass of Z protons and Z electrons combined as Z neutral atoms to balance the Z
electrons included in , the mass of neutral atom.
(1060.7 MeV) 2001

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Q.2 Q.7 (d) If a neutron is entirely converted in to energy, how much energy
is produced? Express your answer in joule and electron volt. (4)
Hint:- ,

( 2003P/M
Q.3 Q.8 (d) The half-period of is 140 days . By what percentage does its activity
decrease per week ? (4)
Hint:- , ,

So,

| | | |

( )

( )

(3.46 %) 2006
Q.4 Q.8 (d) If the number of atoms per gram of is and it decays with a
half-life of 1622 years , find the decay
constant and the activity of the sample? (4)
Hint:- ,

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2009
Q.5 Q.2 (xiii) A deutron is formed when a proton
and a neutron combine; calculate the
mass-defect and binding energy in MeV. (4)
Hint:- , ,
, , , ,

2010
Q.6 Q.2 (xii) Find the binding energy and Packing Fraction in MeV of
, given that 1.007 8 u , 1.008 6 u ,
= 125.903 3 u . (4)
Hint:- , , , ,
, ,

Note:- Note that equation (1) does not include , the mass of Z protons. Rather, it contains ,
the mass of Z protons and Z electrons combined as Z neutral atoms to balance the Z
electrons included in , the mass of neutral atom.

(1060.7 MeV, ) 2012

Q.7 Q.2 (vii) The number of atoms per gram of is and it decays with a
half-life of 1622 years , find the decay
constant and the activity of the sample? (4)
Hint:- Same as Q.4
2013
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1993
Q.8 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (7.5)
(iv) Wilson cloud chamber.
1996
Q.9 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (7.5)
(iii) Wilson cloud chamber.
1997
Q.8 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (7.5)
(iii) Wilson cloud chamber.
1998
Q.8 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (7.5)
(v) Wilson cloud chamber.
2000
Q.8 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (7.5)
(iii) Wilson cloud chamber.
2002 P/M
Q.8 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(i) Wilson cloud chamber is used ___.
* For the study of clouds
* To produce X-rays
* To take photograph of the track of high velocity ions
* To produce -particles
Q.8 (b) Give the construction and working of a Geiger Counter. (1+2)
2002 P/E
Q.8 (b) Describe the construction and working of Geiger Counter. (1+2)
2003 P/M
Q.7 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(iii) If a small quantity of radioactive iodine is taken in food, most of it is deposited in ___.
* Kidneys * Brain * Thyroid glands * All glands
Q.8 (a) Choose the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(iii) In treating a localized cancerous tumor a narrow beam of ___.
* -rays from cobalt 60 is used * -rays from cobalt 60 is used
* Electrons from cobalt 60 is used *
Q.8 (c) Explain the construction, working and use of the Wilson Cloud Chamber. (2+2+1)
2003 P/E
Q.8 (c) Give the construction and working of a Wilson Cloud Chamber. (2+2)
2004
Q.8 (a) (ii) Write True or False for the following:- (1)
 The track formed in Wilson cloud Chamber due to gamma rays is a thick and
continuous line. T
Q.8 (b) Explain the working of a Geiger Counter. (3)
2006
Q.8 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)

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(iii) In treating localized cancerous tumor, we use a narrow beam of ___.

* -rays from cobalt 60 is used * -rays from cobalt 60 is used
* * Laser from cobalt 60 is used
Q.8 (c) Explain the construction and working of a Wilson Cloud Chamber with the diagram. (2+2)
2007
Q.8 (b) Describe the construction and working of a Geiger Counter. (2+2)
2008
Q.7 (c) Give the construction and the working of Wilson Cloud Chamber. (2+2)
2009
Q.8 (a) Select the correct answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(i) A Geiger Muller Counter contains ___.
* Argon and Alcohol * Alcohol only
* Ions * Super-cooled water vapors
2011
Q.2 (v) In how many ways can -rays produce ionization of atoms? Explain. (4)
Ans:- Being a high energy photon, a -ray can produce ionization in three ways:-
1. It may lose all its energy in a single encounter with the electron of an atom (Photoelectric
effect).
2. It may lose only a part of its energy in an encounter (Compton effect).
3. Very few of very high energy -ray photons may impact directly on heavy nuclei, be
stopped and annihilated giving rise to electron-positron pairs (Materialization of energy).
2012
Q.1 Select the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(i) This narrow beam from cobalt-60 is used in treating localized cancerous tumor ___.
* -rays * -rays * * All of these
Q.2 (vii) Explain why the photograph of the path of Alpha particles is thick and made up of continuous lines
whereas that of Beta particles is thin and made up of broken lines in the Wilson cloud chamber? (4)
Ans:- An particle is highly ionizing. The ions produced are so numerous that its track is a thick and
continuous line.
The particle is much less ionizing. Its track is, therefore, a thin and broken line.
2013
Q.1 Select the most appropriate answer for each from the given options:- (1)
(xvii) The rate of flow of blood in the body can be traced by using this radio isotope ___.
* * * *
Q.2 (xiv) Give the construction and working of Wilson Cloud chamber. (2+2)

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