Cloud Computing

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 What is Computing ?

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 What is Cloud Computing?

 Cloud Computing is a general term used to describe a new class of network based computing that takes place

over the Internet,

 basically a step on from Utility Computing

 a collection/group of integrated and networked hardware, software and Internet infrastructure (called a platform).

 Using the Internet for communication and transport provides hardware, software and networking services to

clients

 These platforms reduce the complexity and details of the underlying infrastructure from users and applications by

providing very simple graphical interface or API (Applications Programming Interface).

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 What is Cloud Computing?

 In addition, the platform provides on demand services, that are always on, anywhere, anytime

and any place.

 Pay for use and as needed, elastic

 scale up and down in capacity and functionalities

 The hardware and software services are available to

 general public, enterprises, corporations and businesses markets

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 What is Cloud Computing

Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim 5
Grance
 Cloud Computing Characteristics

Common Characteristics

Massive Scale Resilient Computing

Homogeneity Geographic Distribution

Virtualization Service Orientation

Low Cost Software Advanced Security

Essential Characteristics

On Demand Self-Service
Broad Network Access Rapid Elasticity
Resource Pooling Measured Service

Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim 6
Grance
 Course Outcomes

1. Understand different Computing Paradigms.

2. Learn the fundamentals of Cloud Computing.

3. Understand various service delivery models of a cloud computing architecture.

4. Demonstrate the ways in which the cloud can be programmed and deployed

5. Identify applications that can deploy on a Cloud environment.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Books

Text Book
K. Chandrasekhran, “Essentials of cloud Computing”, CRC press, 2014

References
1. Sandeep Bhowmik, “Cloud Computing”, Cambridge University Press; First edition,2017
2. Rajkumar Buyya, James Broberg and Andrzej M. Goscinski, “Cloud Computing: Principles and
Paradigms”, Wiley, 2011.
3. Kai Hwang, Geoffery C. Fox, Jack J. Dongarra, “Distributed and Cloud Computing”, Elsevier, 2012.
4. Tim Mather, Subra Kumaraswamy, Shahed Latif, “Cloud Security and Privacy: An Enterprise
Perspective on Risks and Compliance”, O’Reilly, SPD, rp 2011.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Syllabus

Computing Paradigms: High-Performance

Computing, Parallel Computing, Distributed

Computing, Cluster Computing, Grid Computing,

Unit-01
Cloud Computing, Bio computing, Mobile

Computing, Quantum Computing, Optical

Computing, Nano computing.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Syllabus

Cloud Computing Fundamentals: Motivation for

Cloud Computing, Defining Cloud Computing,

Unit-02
5-4-3 Principles of Cloud computing, Cloud

Ecosystem, Requirements for Cloud Services.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Syllabus

Cloud Computing Architecture and Management:

Cloud architecture, Layer, Anatomy of the Cloud, Network

Unit-03
Connectivity in Cloud Computing, Applications on the

Cloud, Managing the Cloud, Migrating Application to

Cloud.

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 Syllabus

Cloud Deployment Models: Private cloud, Public Cloud,

Community Cloud, Hybrid Cloud.

Unit-04
Cloud Service Models: Infrastructure as a Service,

Platform as a Service, Software as a Service.

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 Syllabus

Cloud Service Providers: EMC, Google, Amazon Web

Services, Microsoft, Windows Azure, IBM, Cloud Models,

IBM, Sales force.

Unit-05
Open-Source Support for Cloud: Open-Source Tools for

IaaS, Open-Source Tools for PaaS, Open-Source Tools for

SaaS.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Computing Paradigms

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Computing Paradigms

 The term paradigm conveys that there is a set of practices to be followed to accomplish a

task.

 In the domain of computing, there are many different standard practices being followed

based on inventions and technological advancements.

 High performance computing, Cluster computing, Grid computing, Cloud computing,

Bio-computing, Mobile computing, Quantum computing, Optical computing, Nano

computing, and Network computing.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 High-Performance Computing

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 High-Performance Computing

Need of High performance Computing :

1.It will complete a time-consuming operation in less time.
2.It will complete an operation under a light deadline and perform a high numbers of operations per second.
3.It is fast computing, we can compute in parallel over lot of computation elements CPU, GPU, etc. It set up
very fast network to connect between elements.
Need of increasing Performance :
1.Climate modeling
2.Drug discovery
3.Data Analysis
4.Protein folding
5.Energy research

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 High-Performance Computing

 In high-performance computing systems, a pool

of processors (processor machines or central

processing units [CPUs]) connected

(networked) with other resources like memory,

storage, and input and output devices, and the

deployed software is enabled to run in the entire

system of connected components.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 High-Performance Computing
 The processor machines can be of homogeneous or heterogeneous type.
 The legacy meaning of high-performance computing (HPC) is the supercomputers; however, it is not true in
present-day computing scenarios.
 Examples of HPC include a small cluster of desktop computers or personal computers (PCs) to the fastest
supercomputers.
 HPC systems are normally found in those applications where it is required to use or solve scientific problems.
 Most of the time, the challenge in working with these kinds of problems is to perform suitable simulation study,
and this can be accomplished by HPC without any difficulty.
 Scientific examples such as protein folding in molecular biology and studies on developing models and
applications based on nuclear fusion are worth noting as potential applications for HPC.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 High-Performance Computing

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 High-Performance Computing (Applications)

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 High-Performance Computing (Specifications)

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 High-Performance Computing (Advantages)
The primary benefits of HPC are:
1. Reduced physical testing: HPC can be used to create simulations, eliminating the need for physical tests. For
example, when testing automotive accidents, it is much easier and less expensive to generate a simulation than
it is to perform a crash test.
2. Speed: With the latest CPUs, graphics processing units (GPUs), and low-latency networking fabrics such as
remote direct memory access (RDMA), coupled with all-flash local and block storage devices, HPC can
perform massive calculations in minutes instead of weeks or months.
3. Cost: Faster answers mean less wasted time and money. Additionally, with cloud-based HPC, even small
businesses and startups can afford to run HPC workloads, paying only for what they use and scaling up and
down as needed.
4. Innovation: HPC drives innovation across nearly every industry—it's the force behind groundbreaking
scientific discoveries that improve the quality of life for people around the world.
6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad
 High-Performance Computing (Disadvantages)

1. High capital investments: If you decide to set up an HPC system on-site, be ready to set aside a hefty

budget. Purchasing and maintaining hundreds of compute nodes is highly expensive.

2. Ongoing costs: Maintaining a supercomputer comes with high cooling and power bills.

3. Lack of portability: Code developed for one HPC cluster will likely not work ideally on another system.

Also, moving the entire HPC environment from point A to B can take weeks or even months.

4. Challenging to run: Running an on-site HPC cluster is complex and time-consuming. Expect low

employee retention rates or be ready to offer higher wages than other companies can afford to pay.

5. Long purchasing cycles: You should also account for long purchasing cycles as HPC equipment is in high

demand. Waiting around for hardware to arrive can slow down the pace of on-site research.
6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad
 Parallel Computing

 Parallel computing is also one of the

facets of HPC.

 Here, a set of processors work

cooperatively to solve a computational

problem. These processor machines or

CPUs are mostly of homogeneous type.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Parallel Computing

 Similar to HPC, supercomputers that have hundreds or

thousands of processors interconnected with other

resources.

 Conventional (also known as serial or sequential or

Von Neumann) computers and parallel computers are

different in the way the applications are executed.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Parallel Computing
In serial or sequential computers, the following apply:
 It runs on a single computer/processor machine having a single CPU.
 A problem is broken down into a discrete series of instructions.
 Instructions are executed one after another.

In parallel computing, since there is simultaneous use of multiple processor machines, the following apply:
 It is run using multiple processors (multiple CPUs).
 A problem is broken down into discrete parts that can be solved concurrently.
 Each part is further broken down into a series of instructions.
 Instructions from each part are executed simultaneously on different processors.
 An overall control/coordination mechanism is employed.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Parallel Computing
 Parallel computing also helps in faster application processing and task resolution by increasing the available
computation power of systems. The parallel computing principles are used by most supercomputers employ to
operate. The operational scenarios that need massive processing power or computation, generally, parallel
processing is commonly used there.
 There are various applications of Parallel Computing, which are as follows:
 One of the primary applications of parallel computing is Databases and Data mining.
 The real-time simulation of systems is another use of parallel computing.
 The technologies, such as Networked videos and Multimedia.
 Science and Engineering.
 Collaborative work environments.
 The concept of parallel computing is used by augmented reality, advanced graphics, and virtual reality.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Parallel Computing (Specifications)

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 Parallel Computing

NVIDIA GTX 280 Giga Texel Shader eXtreme

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 Parallel Computing (Advantages)
1. Parallel computing saves time, allowing the execution of applications in a shorter wall-clock time.
2. Solve Larger Problems in a short point of time.
3. Compared to serial computing, parallel computing is much better suited for modeling, simulating and
understanding complex, real-world phenomena.
4. Throwing more resources at a task will shorten its time to completion, with potential cost savings. Parallel
computers can be built from cheap, commodity components.
5. Many problems are so large and/or complex that it is impractical or impossible to solve them on a single
computer, especially given limited computer memory.
6. You can do many things simultaneously by using multiple computing resources.
7. Can using computer resources on the Wide Area Network(WAN) or even on the internet.
8. It can help keep you organized. If you have Internet, then communication and social networking can be made
easier.
6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad
 Parallel Computing (Disadvantages)
1. Programming to target Parallel architecture is a bit difficult but with proper understanding and practice, you are
good to go.
2. The use of parallel computing lets you solve computationally and data-intensive problems using multicore
processors, but, sometimes this effect on some of our control algorithm and does not give good results and this
can also affect the convergence of the system due to the parallel option.
3. The extra cost (i.e. increased execution time) incurred are due to data transfers, synchronization,
communication, thread creation/destruction, etc. These costs can sometimes be quite large, and may actually
exceed the gains due to parallelization.
4. Power consumption is huge by the multi-core architectures.
5. Parallel solutions are harder to implement, they're harder to debug or prove correct, and they often perform worse
than their serial counterparts due to communication and coordination overhead.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Distributed Computing

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Distributed Computing
 Distributed computing is also a computing system that consists of multiple computers or
processor machines connected through a network, which can be homogeneous or
heterogeneous, but run as a single system.
 The connectivity can be such that the CPUs in a distributed system can be physically close
together and connected by a local network, or they can be geographically distant and
connected by a wide area network.
 The heterogeneity in a distributed system supports any number of possible configurations in
the processor machines, such as mainframes, PCs, workstations, and minicomputers.
 The goal of distributed computing is to make such a network work as a single computer.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Distributed Computing

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Distributed Computing
Distributed computing systems are advantageous over centralized systems, because there is a support for the
following characteristic features:
1. Scalability: It is the ability of the system to be easily expanded by adding more machines as needed, and vice
versa, without affecting the existing setup.
2. Redundancy or replication: Here, several machines can provide the same services, so that even if one is
unavailable (or failed), work does not stop because other similar computing supports will be available.
3. Reliability: Distributed systems are often more reliable than centralized systems, as they can continue to
operate even if one device or system fails.
4. Flexibility: Distributed systems are generally more flexible than centralized systems, as they can be configured
and reconfigured more easily to meet changing computing needs.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Distributed Computing
There are a few limitations to Distributed Computing System

1. Complexity: Distributed systems can be more complex than centralized systems, as they

involve multiple devices or systems that need to be coordinated and managed.

2. Security: It can be more challenging to secure a distributed system, as security measures

must be implemented on each device or system to ensure the security of the entire system.

3. Performance: Distributed systems may not offer the same level of performance as

centralized systems, as processing and data storage is distributed across multiple devices or

systems.
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 Cluster Computing

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 Cluster Computing
 A cluster computing system consists of a set of the same or similar type of processor machines connected using

a dedicated network infrastructure.

 All processor machines share resources such as a common home directory and have a software such as a

message passing interface (MPI) implementation installed to allow programs to be run across all nodes

simultaneously.

 This is also a kind of HPC category. The individual computers in a cluster can be referred to as nodes.
 The reason to realize a cluster as HPC is due to the fact that the individual nodes can work together to
solve a problem larger than any computer can easily solve. And, the nodes need to communicate with one
another in order to work cooperatively and meaningfully together to solve the problem in hand.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Cluster Computing

If we have processor

machines of heterogeneous

types in a cluster, this kind

of clusters become a

subtype and still mostly are

in the experimental or

research stage.

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 Cluster Computing (Applications)

 Cluster computing gives a relatively inexpensive, unconventional to the large server or

mainframe computer solutions.
 It resolves the demand for content criticality and process services in a faster way.
 Many organizations and IT companies are implementing cluster computing to augment their
scalability, availability, processing speed and resource management at economic prices.
 It ensures that computational power is always available.
 It provides a single general strategy for the implementation and application of parallel high-
performance systems independent of certain hardware vendors and their product decisions.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Cluster Computing (Applications)

 Various complex computational problems can be solved.

 It can be used in the applications of aerodynamics, astrophysics and in data
mining.
 Weather forecasting.
 Image Rendering.
 Various e-commerce applications.
 Earthquake Simulation.
 Petroleum reservoir simulation.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Cluster Computing (Advantages)
1. High Performance :
The systems offer better and enhanced performance than that of mainframe computer networks.
2. Easy to manage :
Cluster Computing is manageable and easy to implement.
3. Scalable :
Resources can be added to the clusters accordingly.
4. Expandability :
Computer clusters can be expanded easily by adding additional computers to the network.
Cluster computing is capable of combining several additional resources or the networks to the
existing computer system.
5. Availability :
The other nodes will be active when one node gets failed and will function as a proxy for the
failed node. This makes sure for enhanced availability.
6. Flexibility :
It can be upgraded to the superior specification or additional nodes can be added.
6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad
 Cluster Computing (Disadvantages)

1. High cost :

It is not so much cost-effective due to its high hardware and its design.

2. Problem in finding fault :

It is difficult to find which component has a fault.

3. More space is needed :

Infrastructure may increase as more servers are needed to manage and

monitor.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Grid Computing

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 Grid Computing

 The computing resources in most of the organizations are underutilized but are necessary for
certain operations. The idea of grid computing is to make use of such nonutilized computing
power by the needy organizations, and thereby the return on investment (ROI) on computing
investments can be increased.
 Thus, grid computing is a network of computing or processor machines managed with a kind
of software such as middleware, in order to access and use the resources remotely.
 The managing activity of grid resources through the middleware is called grid services.
 Grid services provide access control, security, access to data including digital libraries and
databases, and access to large-scale interactive and long-term storage facilities.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Grid Computing

Grid computing is more popular due to

1. Its ability to make use of unused
computing power, and thus, it is a
cost-effective solution (reducing
investments, only recurring costs)
2. As a way to solve problems in line
with any HPC-based application.
3. Enables heterogeneous resources of
computers to work cooperatively and
collaboratively to solve a scientific
problem.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Grid Computing (Applications)

 Grid Computing can be defined as a network of computers working together to perform a

task that would rather be difficult for a single machine.

 All machines on that network work under the same protocol to act as a virtual

supercomputer.

 The task that they work on may include analyzing huge datasets or simulating situations

that require high computing power. Computers on the network contribute resources like

processing power and storage capacity to the network.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Grid Computing

Advantages Disadvantages
1.It is not centralized, as there are no servers 1.The software of the grid is still in the involution

required, except the control node which is just used stage.

for controlling and not for processing. 2.A super-fast interconnect between computer

2.Multiple homogenous machines i.e. machines resources is the need of the hour.

with same operating Systems can use a single grid 3.Licensing across many servers may make it

computing network. prohibitive for some applications.

3.Tasks can be performed parallelly across various 4.Many groups are reluctant with sharing

physical locations and the users don’t have to pay resources.

for them (with money). 5.Trouble in the control node can come to halt in
the whole network.
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 Best Suite Computing platform ?

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Best Suite Computing platform ?

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Best Suite Computing platform ?

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Best Suite Computing platform ?

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 Cloud Computing
 Cloud computing means storing and accessing the data and programs on remote
servers that are hosted on the internet instead of the computer’s hard drive or local
server.
 Cloud computing is also referred to as Internet-based computing.
 The computing trend moved toward cloud from the concept of grid computing,
particularly when large computing resources are required to solve a single problem,
using the ideas of computing power as a utility and other allied concepts.
 In cloud computing, the IT and business resources, such as servers, storage, network,
applications, and processes, can be dynamically provisioned to the user needs and
workload.
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 Cloud Computing
 The potential difference between grid and cloud is
that grid computing supports leveraging several
computers in parallel to solve a particular
application, while cloud computing supports
leveraging multiple resources, including computing
resources, to deliver a unified service to the end
user.
 In addition, while a cloud can provision and
support a grid, a cloud can also support nongrid
environments, such as a three-tier web architecture
running on traditional or Web 2.0 applications.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Cloud Computing (Services)
1.Amazon Web Services(AWS): One of the most successful cloud-based businesses is Amazon Web
Services(AWS), which is an Infrastructure as a Service(Iaas) offering that pays rent for virtual computers on
Amazon’s infrastructure.
2.Microsoft Azure Platform: Microsoft is creating the Azure platform which enables the .NET Framework
Application to run over the internet as an alternative platform for Microsoft developers. This is the classic
Platform as a Service(PaaS).
3.Google: Google has built a worldwide network of data centers to service its search engine. From this service,
Google has captured the world’s advertising revenue. By using that revenue, Google offers free software to users
based on infrastructure. This is called Software as a Service(SaaS).
4.IBM Cloud is a collection of cloud computing services for business provided by the IBM Corporation. It
provides infrastructure as a service, software as a service, and platform as a service.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Cloud Computing (Services)
5. Oracle Cloud is a collection of cloud services offered by Oracle Corporation, including infrastructure as a
service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and software as a service (SaaS).
6. Alibaba Cloud is the cloud computing arm of Alibaba Group, providing a comprehensive suite of global cloud
computing services to power both their international customers’ online businesses and Alibaba Group’s own e-
commerce ecosystem.
7. Tencent Cloud is a cloud service platform provided by Tencent. It provides a range of services such as virtual
machines, storage, databases, and analytics.
8. Rackspace is a provider of hybrid cloud computing, founded in 1998. It provides managed hosting, cloud
hosting, and email and apps services.
9. Salesforce – A cloud-based customer relationship management (CRM) platform used for sales, marketing, and
customer service.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Cloud Computing (Services)
VMware Cloud – A cloud platform by VMware, SAP Cloud Platform – A cloud platform by SAP, offering
offering services such as virtualization, cloud services such as analytics, application development, and
management, and network virtualization. integration.
DigitalOcean – A cloud platform focused on Fujitsu Cloud – A cloud platform by Fujitsu, offering services
providing easy-to-use, scalable compute services. such as compute, storage, and networking.
Red Hat OpenShift – A cloud platform by Red Hat, OVHcloud – A cloud platform offering a range of services
offering container-based application development and including compute, storage, and networking.
management. CenturyLink Cloud – A cloud platform offering a range of
Cisco Cloud – A cloud platform by Cisco, offering a services including compute, storage, and networking.
range of services including networking, security, and Joyent – A cloud platform offering services such as compute,
application development. storage, and container-based application development.
HP Helion – A cloud platform by HP, offering NTT Communications Cloud – A cloud platform offering
services such as compute, storage, and networking. services such as compute, storage, and networking.
6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad
 Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing Architecture
Cloud computing architecture refers to the components and sub-
components required for cloud computing. These components typically
refer to:
1.Front end(fat client, thin client)
2.Back-end platforms(servers, storage)
3.Cloud-based delivery and a network(Internet, Intranet, Intercloud).
Hosting a cloud
There are three layers in cloud computing. Companies use these layers
based on the service they provide.
•Infrastructure
•Platform
•Application

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Biocomputing
 Biocomputing systems use the concepts of biologically derived or simulated molecules (or
models) that perform computational processes in order to solve a problem. The biologically
derived models aid in structuring the computer programs that become part of the application.
 Biocomputing provides the theoretical background and practical tools for scientists to explore
proteins and DNA. DNA and proteins are nature’s building blocks, but these building blocks
are not exactly used as bricks; the function of the final molecule rather strongly depends on
the order of these blocks.
 Thus, the biocomputing scientist works on inventing the order suitable for various
applications mimicking biology. Biocomputing shall, therefore, lead to a better understanding
of life and the molecular causes of certain diseases.
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 Biocomputing

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 Mobile Computing
 In mobile computing, the processing (or computing) elements are small (i.e., handheld devices) and the
communication between various resources is taking place using wireless media.
 Mobile communication for voice applications (e.g., cellular phone) is widely established throughout the world
and witnesses a very rapid growth in all its dimensions including the increase in the number of subscribers of
various cellular networks.
 An extension of this technology is the ability to send and receive data across various cellular networks using
small devices such as smartphones. There can be numerous applications based on this technology; for example,
video call or conferencing is one of the important applications that people prefer to use in place of existing
voice (only) communications on mobile phones.
 Mobile computing–based applications are becoming very important and rapidly evolving with various
technological advancements as it allows users to transmit data from remote locations to other remote or fixed
locations.
6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad
 Mobile Computing

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 Quantum Computing

 Manufacturers of computing systems say that there is a limit for cramming more and more

transistors into smaller and smaller spaces of integrated circuits (ICs) and thereby doubling

the processing power about every 18 months.

 This problem will have to be overcome by a new quantum computing–based solution, wherein

the dependence is on quantum information, the rules that govern the subatomic world.

 Quantum computers are millions of times faster than even our most powerful supercomputers

today.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Quantum Computing

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 Optical Computing

 Optical computing system uses the photons in visible light or infrared beams, rather than
electric current, to perform digital computations.
 An electric current flows at only about 10% of the speed of light. This limits the rate at
which data can be exchanged over long distances and is one of the factors that led to the
evolution of optical fiber.
 By applying some of the advantages of visible and/or IR networks at the device and
component scale, a computer can be developed that can perform operations 10 or more
times faster than a conventional electronic computer.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Optical Computing

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Nanocomputing

 Nanocomputing refers to computing systems that are constructed from nanoscale

components. The silicon transistors in traditional computers may be replaced by transistors

based on carbon nanotubes.

 The successful realization of nanocomputers relates to the scale and integration of these

nanotubes or components.

 The issues of scale relate to the dimensions of the components; they are, at most, a few

nanometers in at least two dimensions.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Nanocomputing

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Network Computing

 Network computing is a way of designing systems to take advantage of the latest technology and

maximize its positive impact on business solutions and their ability to serve their customers using a

strong underlying network of computing resources.

 In any network computing solution, the client component of a networked architecture or application

will be with the customer or client or end user, and in modern days, they provide an essential set of

functionality necessary to support the appropriate client functions at minimum cost and maximum

simplicity.

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Network Computing

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad

 Thank You

6/27/2023 11:01 AM Dr.Manoranjan Dash, AU, Hyderabad