Scribd
Upload
14 views12 pages

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Presentation.

Atomic Absorption spectroscopy

Uploaded by

monu2002chem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views12 pages

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Presentation.

Atomic Absorption spectroscopy

Uploaded by

monu2002chem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

GURU GHASIDAS UNIVERSITY

PRESENTATION ON
Atomic absorption spectroscopy

► Spectroscopy:- The study of absorption and emission of light and radiation by


other matters.
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
► It is a spectro analytical procedure for the quantitative
determination of chemical element employing absorption of optical
radiation by free atoms in the gaseous state.

► PRINCIPAL:-. When an electromagnetic radiation of particular


wavelength is passed through some vaporised sample in flame then
the intensity of incident radiation decreased and the decreased
intensity of radiation is proportional to the amount of particular
atom.
Hallow
cathode lamp

Here cathode lamp is operated at very high


potential of 500 to 3000 v.
Components of AAS

► Cathode : - Made up of atom of species choosen for analysis which are going to determine.
► Anode :- Made up of tungsten wire.
► Focusing lens :- Used to focus all the radiation coming from radiation source to flame.
► Atomiser :- Used to convert liquid sample to atoms.
► Focusing lens 2 :- Used to focus all the radiation from flame to monochromator.
► Monochromator :- Made up of prism or grating used to separate EMR in there respective components.
► Slit :- Part of the monochromator .it is adjusted to get the spectra of desired wavelength.
► Detector :- Generally photomultiplier tube is used in detector.
► Recorder :- It receives the analog signals from the detector and converts it to readable responses.
Atomization techniques:-
❑ Flame atomization :- In this atomization sample is introduced in liquid
form with the help of nebulizer using inert gas as a carrier. It convert the
liquid sample into small droplet.
For flame production air + acetylene ( temp
around 2000- 2500) or air + nitrous acid (temp. around 2700 ) is used.
❑ Electrothermal atomization :- In this sample is placed inside graphite
tube with the help of micro syringe. graphite tube is heated with help of
electricity. For temperature control outer metallic jacket is used in which
continuous water flows.
❑ Hydride atomization :- This method is generally used for element like
arsenic , antimony , bismuth and selenium . The compound of this metals
are highly stable in their higher oxidation state which are hard to break. So
the compounds are firstly converted to their hydride then in atomic state by
flame and nebuliser.

❑ Cold vapour :- This method is mainly used for mercury . Here mercury +2
is converted to +0 oxidation state with the help of sodium borohydride and
tin chloride . Mercury vapour is produced with the help of inert gas which is
brought to absorption tube.
Interferences :- The phenomenon leads tochange in intensity of analyte
signal in spectroscopy.

► Types of interferences

1. Non-spectral interferences
❖ Matrix interference
This type of interference occurs when non-target analytes or physical/chemical characteristics of a
sample prevent quantification of the analytes of interest. This can cause increased uncertainty in the
result.
❖ Chemical interference
Chemical interference is any chemical process occurring during atomisation that affects the absorption
by the analyte.
❖ Ionisation interference
Ionisation interference is a phenomenon which shows a change in emission intensity, causing the
ionization-equilibrium to shift, when coexisting elements include easily ionizable elements such as Na,
K, Rb, and Cs.
. Spectral interferences
Background absorption

► BACKGROUND :- The absorbance other than the analyte of interest .


BACKGROUND CORRECTION :- The removal of absorbance other than analyte from
sample .
METHOD FOR BACKGROUND CORRECTION
1. Beam chopping method :-In this method first absorbance is measured by keeping hallow
cathode lamp on which due to both the matrix and sample. Another measure is done by keeping
the lamp off and this absorbance is due to matrix only. The difference in absorbance between
presence and absence of lamp give the absorbance of sample.
2. Deuterium background correction :- Here two light source are used (hallow cathode lamp and
deuterium lamp ) first absorbance is measured in presence of cathode lamp which is due to both
analyte and matrix. Another absorbance is in presence of deuterium lamp which is due to matrix
only . The difference gives the absorbance of sample.
3. Zeeman background correction :- In this method absorbance is measured in presence of strong
magnetic field. Here magnetic field will split the energy level of sample and it will not absorb
radiation from cathode lamp and absorbance is only by matrix . Again absorbance is measured in
absence of magnetic field and the absorbance get is from both the matrix and the sample. The
difference of the both is the absorbance of sample.

4. Smith-hieftje background correction :-In this method absorbance is measured by cathode lamp at
low potential where all the radiations are absorbed by matrix only. When cathode lamp is operated
at higher potential the emitted radiation are absorbed by both the sample and matrix. The difference
gives the absorbance of sample.
Applications of atomic absorption spectroscopy

❑ Biological analysis :- It can be used to determine the amount of various level of metals and
other electrolytes present in tissue sample (blood , bone marrow , urine ).
❑ Environmental and marine analysis :- It typically refers to water analysis of various types .
Which includes many things from drinking water to sea water to waste water .
❑ Geological analysis :- It encompasses to both minerals reserves and environmental research.
❑ Determination of toxic materials in sample .
Submitted by

► Leeza Patel
► Manisha Gupta
► Mayank Gautam
► Manmohan Dash
► Mudavath Hanumanthu

You might also like