Editor-in-Chief Volume 1, Issue 4 News Letter Since: 09/08/2016

Dr. N.Anbazhagan
Professor & Head, DM

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Mrs. B. Sundara vadivoo
Assistant Professor, DM
We are delighted to bring to you this issue of ALU Mathematics
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MATHEMATICS IS THE QUEEN OF SCIENCES

In the 17th century, the great scientist and mathematician Galileo Galilei noted that
the book of nature "cannot be understood unless one first learns to comprehend the language
and read the characters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and
its characters are triangles, circles, and other geometric figures, without which it is not humanly
possible to understand a single word of it."
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 The history of mathematics concerns one of the most magnificent, surprising,
and powerful of all human achievements. In the early 19th century, the noted German
mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss called mathematics the "queen of the sciences" because it
was so successful at uncovering the nature of physical reality.

Image Compression
FRACTAL THEORY
Signal Processing
Time Series Analysis
Bio-Medical Engineering
Mathematical Modeling of
Dynamical Systems

Some Images of Fractals

A Fractal is generally "a rough or

fragmented geometric shape that can be
split into parts, each of which is (at least
approximately) a reduced-size copy of the
whole," a property called self similarity.

Example of Fractal

Broccoli

Approximate fractals are easily found in

nature. These naturally occurring fractals
ONE, TWO, THREE
include like clouds, mountains, river
1x1=1
networks, systems of blood vessels and
etc.
11 x 11 = 121
Applications of Fractal 111 x 111 = 12321

Medical Image Processing 1111 x 1111 = 1234321

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11111 x 11111 = 123454321 Math Tricks
111111 x 111111 = 12345654321
Math Trick 1
1111111 x 1111111 = 1234567654321
How to multiply a two digit number
11111111 x 11111111 = by 11
123456787654321 For example, 43×11. Take the
original number and imagine a space
111111111 x 111111111 =
between the two digits: 4_3 Now add the
12345678987654321
two numbers together and put them in the
middle: 4_(4+3)_3 which is the same as
1 x 9 + 2 = 11
4_7_3 The answer… 473 If the numbers in
12 x 9 + 3 = 111 the middle add up to a two digit number,
insert the second number and add 1 to the
123 x 9 + 4 = 1111 first: For example, 67×11 6_(6+7)_7
(6+1)_3_7 which is the same as 7_3_7 The
1234 x 9 + 5 = 11111 answer… 737.

12345 x 9 + 6 = 111111 Math Trick 2

123456 x 9 + 7 = 1111111 How to square a two digit number

ending in 5
1234567 x 9 + 8 = 11111111 If you need to square a two digit
number ending in 5, multiply the first digit
12345678 x 9 + 9 = 111111111
by itself + 1, and put 25 on the end. For
example, 65^2 (which can be written as
123456789 x 9 +10 = 1111111111
65×65) 6x(6+1) or 6×7 = 42 Put a 25 on
the end of it… The answer… 4225.

Math Trick 3

How to multiply big numbers by 5

Take any number, then divide it
by 2. Then… If the result is whole (that is,
theres’s no remainder), add a 0 at the end.
If it is not whole, ignore the remainder and
add a 5 at the end of the number. For
example, 4252×5 = (4252/2) and add a 5
or 0 to the end of the number 4252/2 =
2126 (it’s a whole number so add a 0 to

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the end) The answer… 21260 Here’s Math Trick 6
another example: 8667×5 Divide the
number by two: 4333.5 (there’s a Multiplying by doubling and halving
remainder so add 5 to the end) The There are cases when you’re
answer… 43335. multiplying two numbers together and one
of the numbers is even. In this case you
Math Trick 4 can divide that number by two and
multiply the other number by 2. You can
How to multiply by 4 do keep doing this until you get numbers
The trick here is to simply multiply that are easy to work with in your head.
by two, then multiply by two again. Let’s say you want to multiply 14 by 16.
Ultimately, you want to work with smaller You can double and halve the numbers till
numbers that are easier to work with in you get your answer: 14×16 = 28×8 =
your head. For example 82 x 4 = (82 x 2) x 56×4 = 112×2 = 224 Another example:
2 = (164) * 2 = 328 To multiply by 8, just 12×15 = 6×30 = 6×3×10 = 180 Here’s
multiply by 2 one more time (656). another example: 48×17 = 24×34 = 12×68
= 6×136 = 3×272… this may seem large,
Math Trick 5 but you can break it down further into:
3×270 + 3×2 = 810 + 6 = 816 .
How to multiply by 9, or 99, or 999
Multiplying by 9 is really like Math Trick 7
multiplying by 10-1. 9×9 is the same as
9x(10-1) which is (9×10)-9 which is 90-9 Working with Percentages
or 81. Let’s try a harder example: 56×9 = Remember that “per cent” is like
56×10-56 = 560-56 = 504 To multiply by saying “parts of one hundred”. So, it
99, it’s the same idea, except you multiply follows that 8 percent of 100, is 8. As
by 100-1. So, 56×99 = 56x(100-1) = 5600- another example 23.89% is the same as
56 = 5544. Multiplying by 999 is similar to saying “23.89 parts of 100”. Find 8% of
multiplying by 9 and by 99, except now 200. 8% of the first hundred is 8. 8% of the
you multiply by 1000-1 22×999 = second hundred is also 8. So it follows that
22x(1000-1) = (22×1000) – (22×1) = 8% of of 200 is 8 + 8 = 16. Therefore 8%
22000-22 = 21978. of 200 is 16%. Another bonus trick: you
can flip percents. For example 35% of 8 is
the same as 8% of 35. Using percents has a
very practical application when you’re at a
restaurant. Let’s say you want to leave a
tip of 15% on a $50 dinner. You can
quickly calculate it in your head: 15% of
$100 is $15, so then 15% of 50 is half of
that, or $7.50. Let’s try one more example:
Calculate a 15% tip on a $60 dinner. Using

4
the same approach, 15% of $100 is $15, so To subtract a large number from
then 15% of 50 is half of that, or $7.50. 1000 you can use this basic rule: subtract
Also, you know that 15% of $10 is $1.50. all but the last number from 9 (taking the
So then 15% of 60 is the same as 15% of absolute value… that is, ignoring if the
50 + 15% of 10… which equals $7.50 + number is negative), then subtract the last
$1.50, or $9.00. number from 10: 1000 – 736 Step 1:
subtract 7 from 9 = 2 Step 2: subtract 3
Math Trick 8 from 9 = 6 Step 3: subtract 6 from 10 = 4
Your answer: 264.
Quick Addition using the left-to-right
approach (instead of the familiar
right-to-left)

Instead of using a right to left

approach, we can start from the left and
move to the right. Take the following
example: 45 + 34 Usually, you would first
sum up 4 to 45, and then add 30 to the
result. But by using the left to right Math Trick 10
approach, you first sum up 30 to 45, and
then you add 4 to the result. Although this Multiplication rules… Multiply by 5
example is very simple, you’ll see the
advantages of this method as you start to Multiply by 10 and divide by 2
use it. If you’re working with three digit Multiply by 6: Multiplying by 3 and then 2
numbers, the process is the same. 459 + is easy Multiply by 9: Multiply by 10 and
637 subtract the original number Multiply by
This example is a bit more complicated 12: Multiply by 10 and add twice the
than the previous one, yet it’s very easy to original number Multiply by 13: Multiply
solve using the left to right approach. You by 3 and add 10 times original number
first start by adding 600 to 459, which Multiply by 14: Multiply by 7 and then
results in 1059. Now the problem is multiply by 2 Multiply by 15: Multiply by
simplified to 1059 + 37. You simplify it 10 and add 5 times the original number
even further by adding 30 to 1059, and Multiply by 16: You can double four times
then adding 7 to the result… which is or multiply by 8 and then by 2 Multiply by
1096. 17: Multiply by 7 and add 10 times
original number Multiply by 18: Multiply
Math Trick 9 by 20 and subtract twice the original
number Multiply by 19: Multiply by 20
and subtract the original number Multiply
Subtracting a large number from
by 24: Multiply by 8 and then multiply by
1000. 3 Multiply by 27: Multiply by 30 and

5
subtract 3 times the original number
Multiply by 45: Multiply by 50 and Lets calculate the square of 54
subtract 5 times the original number
Multiply by 90: Multiply by 9 and put a So (54)^2 = 5^2 +4 -- 4^2 = 25 +4 ----16
zero on the right Multiply by 98: Multiply =29-------16= 2916
by 100 and subtract twice the original
number Multiply by 99: Multiply by 100 Similarly (55)^2 = 5^2 +5 --5^2=25+5-----
and subtract the original number. -25=30---------25= 3025 Similarly (56)^2
= 5^2 + 6--6^2=25+6------36= 31--------
36= 3136 etc..
Multiply any large number by 12
mentally in seconds

To multiply any number by 12 just

double last digit and thereafter double
each digit and add it to its neighbour.

For example 21314 * 12 = 255768 Lets

break it into simple steps: Squaring two digit numbers

Step 1: 021314 * 12 = _____8 (Double of You should memorize the first 25 squares
Last Digit 4= 8 )
If you forgot an entry.
Step 2: 021314 * 12 = ____68 (Now Double Say, you want a square of 13. Do
1= 2, and add it to 4, 2+4=6) this: add 3 (the last digit) to 13 (the
Step 3: 021314 * 12= ___768 (Now Double number to be squared) to get 16 = 13 + 3.
3=6, and add it to 1, 6+1=7) Square the last digit: 3² = 9. Append the
result to the sum: 169.
Step 4: 021314 * 12= __5768 (Now Double As another example, find 14². First,
1=2, and add it to 3, 2+3=5) as before, add the last digit (4) to the
number itself (14) to get 18 = 14 + 4. Next,
Step 5: 021314 * 12= _55768 (Now again as before, square the last digit: 4² =
Double 2=4, and add it to 1, 4+1=5) 16. You'd like to append the result (16) to
the sum (18) getting 1816 which is clearly
Step 6: 021314 * 12= 255768 (Now too large, for, say, 14 < 20 so that 14² < 20²
Double 0=0, and add it to 2, 0+2=2) = 400. What you have to do is append 6
and carry 1 to the previous digit (8)
So your final answer of 21314 * 12 = making 14² = 196.
255768 Any Square

Assume you want to find 87². Find a

Calculating Square of numbers quickly... simple number nearby - a number whose

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square could be found relatively easy. In Fast Arithmetic Tips
the case of 87 we take 90. To obtain 90, we
need to add 3 to 87; so now let's subtract 3 Mental Calculations - Getting
from 87. We are getting 84. Finally,
87² = 90×84 + 3² = 7200 + 360 + 9 = 7569.
the result fast
digit (8) making 14² = 196.
Addition of 5
Faster subtraction When adding 5 to a digit greater
than 5, it is easier to first subtract 5
and then add 10.
Subtraction is often faster in two steps
For example,
instead of one.
For example, 427 - 38 = (427 - 27) - (38 -
7 + 5 = 12.
27) = 400 - 11 = 389. A generic advice
Also 7 - 5 = 2; 2 + 10 = 12.
might be given as "First remove what's
easy, next whatever remains". Another Subtraction of 5
example: 1049 - 187 = 1000 - (187 - 49) =
When subtracting 5 from a number
900 - 38 = 862.
ending with a a digit smaller than 5,
it is easier to first add 5 and then
Faster addition subtract 10.
For example,
Addition is often faster in two steps
instead of one. 23 - 5 = 18.
Also 23 + 5 = 28; 28 - 10 = 18.
For example, 487 + 38 = (487 + 13) + (38 -
13) = 500 + 25 = 525. A generic advice Division by 5
might be given as "First add what's easy, Similarly, it's often more convenient
next whatever remains". Another example: instead to multiply first by 2 and
1049 + 187 = 1100 + (187 - 51) = 1200 + then divide by 10.
36 = 1236. For example,

1375/5 = 2750/10 = 275.

More examples and explanation

Multiplication by 5
It's often more convenient instead
of multiplying by 5 to multiply first
by 10 and then divide by 2.
For example,

137×5 = 1370/2 = 685.

7
 Division by 5 operation by 2.
Similarly, it's often more convenient For example,
instead to multiply first by 2 and
then divide by 10. 124×8 = 248×4 = 496×2 = 992.

Division/multiplication by 125
For example, Use operations with 8 instead.
For example,
1375/5 = 2750/10 = 275.
37×125 = 37000/8 = 18500/4 =
Division/multiplication by 4 9250/2 = 4625.
Replace either with a repeated
operation by
For example,
♠♠♠♠♠
124/4 = 62/2 = 31. Also,
124×4 = 248×2 = 496.

Division/multiplication by 25
Use operations with 4 instead.
For example,

37×25 = 3700/4 = 1850/2 = 925.]

More examples and explanation

Division/multiplication by 8
Replace either with a repeated