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OS Notes-1

Operating system

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23 views

OS Notes-1

Operating system

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sivagamer222
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
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Oprattiog Systems a fefine Oforreting cSystenn 2 Cuplain ‘by pts of Operating Sytem’) ; aps Opratiog System i Des ! The opererting cdystem in a Sof ‘ontewy ace between the “ser and Compiles twoasee , eahichy acts as an howd wave. ~—> dn Operation and softwere applications in re Examples of Operating aMs- DOS Windows 5 > Qeyacsots Reyngacetolion Y g ating “eee A System will control all hard wave devices a Compiter - Sytem are’ finux Cte) a — SINGLE - USER) * mows - “TASKING 05 7 eet - Ty pes Of Operating el aterm * ' Single - User , yesing le -TasKing as a Multi-tasking O15 [Matt oF each task (Prowss ) lot - fo ‘OY execution Y os ‘allocates’ © CPO it 18 aw 0.5" ga time Shaving la givery a CP.0 time 3} © phen the . time slot expires » +o ment task * HAND - HELD pevices 0 ore . “Dijon tapes of ha amebiles , tabs + note Boots CkEd 4 uxabund fos eter)” é od ‘helel dewstcex arte Zag Sxyshions 085 Andsoid, o: 5, I . Ve Bo vate x Bfilcw Os + eeicien Gn Baich’ O87 OY rye out geeepe ‘ato one umnit Called! Batch saghen se ta execected “human cmtervention et: © Batch 0-9 doesn't segs with i , ex: Payrotl Céolavies) Coladotionr . aot Frensoc oe yo & Reac Time 06 % (RTOS) RTOS iv aw operating oy ~ teorlel ( Baily sage elechontc devices: & RTOS dw Commshtly wed wv Robotics. Ex ACK YS hashing Machine , Pragpic esyoal stem. ‘aesecl in Decal Conbrollicg Niewoven + % Dezine Operation Sypten ori fu dystem *- Ge tes: Bpetg Syptr : pee > ea, | An Operatiog ays fartev-face between, the achons. Of operating m iv a software “whieh wev, and the Compal | : $ : > aA Operating System mill Gotrel all haudwasee and frased waste app devin “System Uh +, 5 Suampies Gp operatig Ln) poincows ete) * tation 05,: entation ff ont) { { i i i am - 105, ary Usey 3 Drgamalle Bye Hovdiare| “Functions Of Operating Bystern i. a Thee ane Sfienfumetions, ie eat Management: g Deus ce Homage ment 3. Veroeess Hanggement | Teb Hanagemert & Security Honageonertt 5s Netwovk Haneg emnent 6. File Hanayerner! ‘ oe MEMBRY! MANAGEMENT 2 Aw opbintiog: system s the ‘following activities Fox inerfory Mana agemer ° cin. : + When We Creat a-file oS alto cates memory + oy files in Hod dak Nase + When we aleleti a vfile OS dealbcates Cf vee up) newton -fvom -the havd ohisk, pee ile. e When we Gpen a; Jile 4» “ois beings the Ht \ indoiahiek Herne, cfrom — haretiet pov exeenticny’ x DEVICE MANIA GEMENT * * St iw also etrowy as L/0 pe enya "Sn Gere managemert , O'S controls all 310 - aleuttes Connected fe the Computer cor thy oe help of 2 apecial opheeers Called z “Qeuta Drives aSptesave + Vinay ok Ry EMENT ! conor oa vans ameltiple prows Honeotisl & ‘ena Enis com e PROCE 2 mene ° In Fro ass amon inp Sire! q -puter this is nour as So [tult- 4a tasting 25. ens Pan © Gn prowss Management y, Os ‘liste CPt ie task for Emecwion enccutiow, when Ee’ “taste, fomple -ted , 0-5 alloctes CP the” met, ashe, «ls 0 Pio CeS5: Mairagermert te Wee trou ay Job . F Marnagermerit « x SECURTTY _ “Management +m Seeerity Hanagerert ) a 5 15 protitdes Beaurity nauthovised users by efor @uce Compute from th ‘Te Cus Compute. gine login & asswaydl Fem cleus 18 © OS alo proutdes tem torndows ,0 Guy aficgs Sele, ou “asics pe Beaming cdecurttsy 1S hawing gepautt eons * NETWORK menocognenT® wa Porter Connection of uno 4nG oy © A Network 05” SW tasedl te Gente els Geen move Computers , tw a network. Comey Connectecl ey havi ik Be a8, crespostble “poy din ott aod Ppadeonwe gees ike es eeanner * a network POM gtk Viasat 2 Wat Sear eg : * FILE manncerment . a ile 's a “cotlec tem tlechow of Iaeformation « Aft B i” aay ‘Stored? in Secon ree Pee.) havelelisk, Pendrtees ete-y q ‘ Op ene #. *aln 05 can clo ~the ~following achvities tv athe gile angnigernert, SO OS Can . “> Creating and Welé bing jibe, roles = Seraming, fil ies ’ fololers: pe Baling files ,qolelevs+ Q- Explain resto af Opnating plem oy : Euslution af “01s OY Gemerahiony of a a Eperating Syten! oN i An Operating busters iw aaiabreget ‘obteby acts aw an uaa blo usev ancl Compulu. 4 had Wale. - Var ryiee Felony OF Sperating Sytem MGA. dere 2 FERST GENERATION 0:5 3 (1440's - 150 ay onthe In vcfivst. Generation 05 , Comptes oe chveleped eoithaud ary os Base ae may rae fov mathematical GleLabiens ‘ £2? UNIWAC, ENIAC eas Generenion 0x." (rts 5 1965) Ty N56 o? Gi System ies girl iste ” Lubeorc Llabovatovies ckevelopect nos +fov IB , > : é meaty hes, ZBM-¥0 sEt tw used ‘fov Saentipic Coclcalations » Fn 1964 - ‘FHM aleveloped’ a “Man fram € Com _ = peter | Callecl DBrtrs60 fev Butch processing 05 a THIRD GenennrZ0N 0s 2 ¢ 4965- 170) - iwsy, Mult? _programmia 0:5 WAK a” on x08 wos develop ‘ gn 968 okveloped * Fm, 1164 - _ Fivs ~ed. by “temthorn sen’ and + version’ 0 “Denniv Ritchie | "team a Hulti- Usey 05 i * previo was s developed n Systems fov mint Computers. = . xe FODRTH GENERATION O85 Yer 19808 ill Now) © In 42a - by pease 198] - HS +D0S coas cleveloped b by Microsoft. «Fn es ZBM- “pela. (Fersonal Compuctevs) gon tba Had 0x5 was. .clevelopect % eee as “home! Piel. This» 1a the e. dist GUI based home PC 4 Jn W965 - pindoins 0. WO deabpad “Safes ot is _ beleaseel acto onertet tw a layge Saale for selectively less. price « vt based home. Pe Apple micro ae ts also a:Gui. ‘Iw 19a - Laux Bag) System was ceveloned ov malt masey ina : : @ Bn 1993°-- Windows curs developed! by ae -fov Aietes usey os « 5m 3007 ~ 105, was Dlg 5 yy “Apple fev mobiles - * Gn 8008 - oladvotd se 1s oavelopect cfov Heobiles * FEET GENERATION os : ( Present é Festune) > °0:5 with “ Acipietah. Arkifictal Intelligen@ ‘and Machine, fecerning the epeating ce hes self howring Copabi ttltes. 14 3 6x? Alena Application, ” a Wedel ianguage rove J Q. Faplain wee Bete: “elbshaction 2 gst Preserrting sp =the UseX > a acho and hiehirng back ground 2 clade « 16 oven ax abstachor “Resoures * é agent i 1S Bipenert ia. amporaste and memory dowicer @ connected to & Comput ante mentary a Ryourer” : ‘ « operational ‘detaile > Difgevene Examples 04 Resources. ater 2 ORO” . Memory lo Rewen- 3 Howse , Fey boar og @ Network Component & pic ,S0ude ¥ RESDURCE ABSTRACTION : Ee je fraction User usho 15 esing a Compute bike Zo wrthout erousnin Fn Psouve Abs Compilia Can use susourted Of : ; fi leno po ete: eail cleton , Hemogy 1 070 09 VS about how it fS coorking and dleuelopment cletaily, Sv Ow Compton /O5 a susponsible 12 ayia tale. abstactow 05 ack foc. bt betucon Cer and Compila harduoaste- Hente 05 18 abo town ar. Resource Manager ols a Bsouree Manager, Os perfor provide peosounce ’ olloveing aperations. a Resouree Ruquost ty CRO 4 Grantin: x Re vokig Resour ‘Kequasts from CPO. % Findi og pha tay. Wesing. eobich, “CSOT. lov network eff y ; wel ‘ OS Suns Continuously ih our ee of ~tem and terminate only wshan the Compute. iv Shutdown) Ne Unit -2 Q. A Processor .. Explain - Hodes ‘oF Proce 550 ) = \ i ; a vee gt ee Geplin about Use Kioslet’s Kernel Mode 17 Processor 2 Ans: Processor fai A Frocestov 14 alto bash Bs ORO: pees - ov pevpowns all page enceurtions “ia Comparer. > Rocessov dept e instructona fem operecting System Modes of a, Processor — ah ; Ly processor sarong sorndo gpereiting System hax wo medes. » User Méde a Kernel Hode. Medle. 7 ph esourees 210 é oo \ ere | Memo” pales * USER Mone : —> When the promasoy o cpu 's running a User ~ Application ech as tbrd Gecuonert, C 2 agra 2 sce Browsev ete-y » then the eee? hae ns liber MODE > When crv ta tn aser Mheele , application’. era Cannot” attess handevere ee like. memory » Dlo Peuices. ety application Crashes > Tin Usev mode » 4 any on’ Me: Falte atteel (Gop) oy “at portieuloy applet * kéRial_M MODE } > > When User en saguests jo a ee ~ woe sesources then 3 Na fav “KERNEL Hope = bWhen. ¢-PO Is in eterrel mode sthe appli costion fore Con access a ay haved bine uesouces [ike 77) fevtee s Memory ett) S77 in temal Mode , of ay. pe sonshasse “antag system iil he hattect saat Vile * CONTEAT “Oh EHITCH & ‘ Sitting (chonghg) - EPO belwcon two teen wed pl ern! Mode while ences i modes fe: = ting, any application prgtum Ig drown as “ONTERT hens ats a: Explain ‘about Systenntalla: ard Faroe divin Ans? syeve ences ‘ = . ah > Systerncertly aue “Rogen | fumetion Hedeles. _deaenning Inside ~the operating Siyptem Oe s, Laing Syslemealld erly ‘application pogens funnteg tev Ot Compurtey veg yest. Jor Lilo KesOLnnees ike. ERA , Memory s/o dewice > Systemcalls acts 05am beteeory applicection pregrae aod Hnicioor e-" Resouces - te VAIS aMoweS vat ecteD hat cinterface) ” System. PROGRAMS * on. Modules - = “System preg ae te ans) Feeneh de-finedt Mnatde. stemcalleto povpormn: dig fern types of operating System aching thls dAehvitiey (alll Functions) o Seaee : REC Ditferent types oF System preg = Jt controls different types oF sop tesave. fAsouy ~ ces running” in Our com porter [ike -Aectomatic Updates, Arbiaives ,BehoP é Bstove etey ee : sas 84 de Device DRIVER’ yams ayes > Hh easourvees , > HH Centroll d} ferent type yard, MOUSE, auaning fae ouy Compile like Key CPU y printer ett) 3. INFORMATION “10 “00s! + Tt Gives 4 elem Te Controls cliggerert type? oF Ike evecits, edit , delete , Saver Sename, C407 ik apenations 5: Commons CATION O05 + information ¢ avey ‘netevork (ke Sit antola Sending ancl soceruin 11g Messe ae 2 “a detan ime neticork. ; S§ Cap aden Fy stemeiens Of process. 2 &. Euplain Op Operattio ing UE 4 (ec “4 process and MLsoUTCES 2 : p 6 Puy Syste.) View ew, OF Proc Process: $e i PROCESS. A pragearn under ‘execution, 1 rawr ay fo ¢-P.0 for Fowss. O5 aggijns a precess exnewthon. When a pre@ss ! He passes through digpecert states. iv execectect, they ave tt 1 Start stati >, Ready stale 3. Running att a. Wai hag Stet 5. Termindti State xe START \570TE ° > When a process Ms jet Created then ‘t in tow Start stat. 3 It inthe intal stat ne & process % READY “STATE! When a. ProwesS Iw waiting por cry, then it tw fo Reacly Stat: ed cee Tne * RONINING STATE * <3 When a goes he -266r assigned tp cp. for execution , then St hw hon punning ott - > A proms for Heanning stati 70 weakly Sit, When an jorlervespt ia giteo24 by operating Sh to enecati high Pelorty | 740435: * WAITING STATE } Hor Sof When a prowess segutsts _fo% zlo chbteer) tL ia Tov aiding stati « : 2 enecection py. SPA rthen tt Comey 2 Termignate. sime! When 4 prowess Compléles ibs forcefully by the operating system fe -terainate. Ste = “Frowess Centro] Block: (PCB) ~< Each prowess in “ope, cxptem o Press Controlled Block (Pca) a VR fx abo tour ax Tost Combo! Block yo weopreserted Process S0rte> Process 1D Proanam COUNTER REGISTERS |B Accs ee “anemioRy LEST OF OPEN FIles | ‘ perenne onoe Rigis Gmbh os Madey Ges ab Process siAmes ¢ 4 A Shee Tt Stoves current atti of press fe) stavt, Ly. Ready 1 Kunning » Wat ting ox ‘terminate. Process 1D: Every process Uwe a frown &5 process td. ven a centgus number 3 PROGRAM COUNTER ! sso, Gt Cortoins address oF auoxt -Instruchow +e eneculé* % REGISTERS! pleats > Tt Gatoins informa bien i the prouss oa ave esecl to Stove values dering © moctbumat about. segisters. “Tem, cal Calewla tons - =P es Examples tows, General purpose tagister af ae isters ase accamule 53 ett) # MEMORY. : ae ~ BE Contains information about memory Management System esecl by the process 7 Geanples of memory Mana ragerner ae axe ome tables ancl Segment tabs: : me UIST OF OPA FTES 4 Fr { Be Centains inforenation alout hist of ® Hosen files opened tp mur & press. System (lew Of esources ' Spee ing) See vo Goerating Save manages harelasate fe *cir memory eter connected ~ces like Slo dewices ; r 4o a Computer: ee JHene 0.3 Ix also know as Bsouste” Manager. 4AS a Bsourlo. anager, 05 penporns follotsin operations + * Granting Resource Paguast 0 oPO ® Rewoke Resource Roguost, fom cPO * Finding “iho rs using, Bhich Hesounce 10 Aetecork att y : Q. Eaplain aboat protess Ahaction ees ‘ a pregrarm urches, execution ig tndwry as pious Rey lett S YS vhs Process Aashactien # practes Ba Process AbatAchOn., Usey Who ; ! % using Computex Con tun Copplication Pregron ov A PrYOlessS ake complier , Woudl locurnene alectabase CEtry Cadily euttboat ‘nowning about aut execectedl and Loueloped. 0 uv ‘Danie tens Opera ting sytem 7S éecsponsible. pr allocating ee 0. OY, fov execution, AHent » Cperating agetenn fa. nN 3 ete 7 CPO. Shaculder or ‘Frowss Khealder. #10W iy anown & This, cru & aben in mult programming healed will, alloca & proass , for exec operat sa ‘syste = bohun a Pree ere? tte pss ai chispperertt Creal Sates 6, Ny thio » etait stobt- 2. Ready Stoke Eee awe eS 3, Bunning State oivistan 5 a 4s batting stole a Terminate State EDGER. Gem: ne 7 Exphio about: proass hierarchy 1 As: Pioass 2 J m * Fr a % Frograen under enecution '> ae 5 Process * ; Brass Hverly # : ate segeval Ee PIC® a prowss mag ove ~ 58¢5 aluvirg tts time of enectution. x Prouss Which cveates a meen prreceos is wv Keown as Yavent Process’ New prowss pay Known etd a *chid: Process! - Extinple.; Process | proass © (S) Process 3 thre, A 15 0 porerrt process » b,c ave chile Protess VY phen, a Gea pvowss Creactes fess prowss, hen the porertt: and child, process A opie from a tree hiewerchy known as Process ht reracky. 4 En unix boy Linun OS ; we Usea ey stem program Colled fork) “to Create 0 child pros for poverrt prowess % Examples gf process, hierarchy A fork, b,c. & fork D B forks esi yi f fon KL we. fr for KO, . o © : ; ’ Sl prowsss / Example_4 fv paxertt é Chile Pron : # include # inclacde °4 mathh>. Ba 5 Void maint) 2 “Porenté gor pS en acid oes x = pout 23); ! Pe display O4 a rots 3 3 wold display c) ai { © printf child prowess aod 5. ; : ‘ ry wach ita b a8 Dezine —rhread Enplain’ abort —thevce) LEBTANY ard thread Msues I OS “teed a in Os Explain about he “Mall des thread A thread *4' yacigt es e en ne tw also now an Ly few Cp a proteas | attnead Wetgt process me Matt? =Theeacl'n Oey : Sw a eee. —te et Same tyme ™ a : as Multi- -Theuading 4 Muldi Linea Ye applications , Web aa ett. + heey then « th te eee ‘8D! animatons , game code einer Thiead= 2 Prows6- 2 v. Multi =thteacling ‘a also known’ a4 "Com carey Paging x ‘ yards Thread Lloany* ; A Thread brary proates, programme’ ty a “dae withy an interface 1, cwecching nnd erutcuing 1 oMalfét - peed. re a Multi thei. progear | can be entce ~ ted 3 65 in two lewla hep lee Usey fevel akerne) wel. aoweklicr = 3 4 multi tiusdig pa grain CleperlaOr>: cloes not dependt o" an any Lio-devices dnity enecation, then it 1's Yesey level Thread” 7 S¢ a mult --thigadlng program depend on Slo levies oy “eqtattion Han it id “kernel devel. —————— py y yagk Types oe & “ras “PPhRenD, 0.4 eg Faas Aiba, 6 usec Siete vomeltl, sted ly pris partly, | at ‘WSey Level and toe! Peel hole “SR NIN 3a THREAD, hw Kebriory ty Use execute Muli -thrending programs oe do creetts aa : atanal x Jove “FAROR THRE TREAD foo This xtbnaty) mw tk encente onutli “welng pagers ‘on ily, a User Level using wee: { ~Thaead gootes' : Poxues que problems Tey, aset...O System Ca calla) - @ Thread Cavalodene) @ Thread, pool C) @ Signal Pardling ee : ® Thread Specific dele 7) secl 7, cn uel 1 faced ' say wale: Ge 6. Explain dout | Powss Scheduling Pas: Fropess Scheduling + Process shedalieg 4 fan ee sae + snub - progres feat en Protss Schaclut ug shih Sled a. proces ti “Roly id 0 Syston fc sok “and allocates the process Yo env using an Se aber . fee alse sKoowsry as “ “This. prowess SP ‘Weo Sehadulig: 2 “Pouss Mana, ev" x The, ean, eum Of: PM prowss scheduling ‘73 tes Keep ony muy all Bene on oe eee Typ. OF pros Scheduling + ; we Pre - Enuphve Scheduling * di, Non- Pre’ re Seheduling .. ae ao reyes aly eee time Torr ni ceoute Time. hah aoe ae A OBWREP TIME os os oe Y pnidabinne, 0 “Thme Leg utwed -fov edecl tow OF as Buvst Hime, 4... & TYRN ARNG aie “Total -time- saguived “spent ay 1 prowss from Stork state to terminate State. is know 05. Torn ayounct “Tone. & Nagin Time ¢ Fetal nme” Spent by) 1a, Preuss, Stoti watting for Cryo i town ar (baiting Waiting Time «. sFigvn elvound Time = Burst Time, SK TAROUGUPUT 5 ' 5 AO Se srivn’t ae Lento Nombey of ppratess enccecled pac net tinie by CRO ty thown as cr a a i v "o: 8 Goplain about Non epwe-emplve Schedu Be Aba Pre ~Guptive Schelling ayeritbr, ‘pial cApritho, each, |prouss $5 teveninah ling Ayonithrns ) Zin Nom pe ~émphve * 6 allocated 4o ¢:P0 +0 enecete. ent, apres “Sin non pre emptive abpprithm cP.v is ae see fess” es TGentty nit beni oy v.STen Nan pre ~ emmptive scheduling CP has no ovev heed of switch'ng from One proless fp another, pees Wsesting time, sof eee CRO '6 more: in Non pre - compte Scheduling 5 > harks est 3 Non Pre- eoptive Scheduling 6 not ple: . Y Gt i -diaple and easy to implement! Vans +3 Examps of non Precemphre Seheealing 1 Fivst Come Fivst Seve (Fees ) 2 Shortest Job fivet (STF) 3. » Povey. Beard rag ee Cty Mt ys 2 FIRST COME FIRS! SERVE AORTIHM, CFEFS) ‘ a ac ie ae oe eh 3 FCRS ta mon Puig eamptivé schecluling eprom prrocess thet Comes finst 14 alloc 1% Sin this Aipritiom 10 -ates with Cro Fivst: CD Fes tl eritehen us ‘pleted asing is PR and: are smoplanert FIFO Ques. ~PFCES Alrite Oseawback * The i adioniage. oe res} 1s) FIP 1 aie process, pp FAS to date oe 2Q.sech with davst Eile | 20/3 Then to allogiti.cPO: - i Rae Easily oe “and: “that ei wurst, Now, martin protess 1.83 follows : Gan preter Does Time, Funaxoun' Prevage Kaalling Tie ena 0 avound, aime 88 “ofievage Te ; Q. 8 Gat ack Pre- vepthe Scheduling op ies us Reebophve, Scheduling Per ith ' "SD Papi Scheduling aperton 4 caver ae Frowss may be hrilinupted of 05 and moved Se nny eas pone nt a & fe HA meat. chance, te eneceite “In preemptive, Schedall “each” “pooties teal ted Yo CRO for a hmitad amount oF aie “In Pre-Cniptive’ aor is _udtlfyed me eyerenty: voted | ry v Sov “pre~ Emptive echedultn; ‘\) CP é nae a ovutheacl- problem) a nD one Protess anothiy [ro ess. A Wattivg—time of. peas cjov ero 15 less tov Pae- emptive ‘Scheduling. : Ra idl, v. Fre- Emptve ebacbuligg are ft Sage sia : ah Wage) +, Round Robin cy ovithm fea Us 2 a Shai last Pemnaining “H “Time fivst sve ‘ 3. Penis Cdurd agente ett > ROUN ND ROBIN ALC ORTTIM : ; ‘ > Round gir sw a Fre: émpllve PO oe 8 alaorithn . Fn this pilgorithm, each proless Laitgiy a fined aro time slot -fox exocation, This time ”“ aly known 5 Sime Quantum Slot . tw 2 DY fxecation Of & prowess: i's, Completicl caning the time Sbt -then pious’ will tevminat: Othewise , sa protess will mpve t0 "Bod! State. 25in bund bin Contest Sei 0. pv0esS will not go %s info Blavation’ te., Waiting dong Himne ov CP. >In Round Robin Content sutich., key chang ng fiom | one. prouss +0 okay prowss 16 oe Po. : ee? (ce Wah try bese Chatiey proass anid they" “bist tn os fli: “Tiane Guartum > 4 Sec. BS “Now baby Hie, he. wae) Hane for these. PHotess:+'as ~ follows eer sw a Grant eae A a [P| P| > ol ial Ls] [sf Tarneround © Tne Average ‘aabbng bmestds _ Average FLawrrocround THOe= Bet Q. Biperentiatt ae’ Pre= Ermpplive: ey 2 ord. rion Er Sebeduling, My ma } oeat ; Ss mpl BORG Giese te venba ae Pea 1 ere fe en oe fa sunning PoE omig—— be intevuptecl od mates cz ,enicution , ty dnust! be ty suady toby hg int shed © berfove enter spout bhabgas dp spyeress cous heed other prowss. Ft on cd tots till ct * Gant be: tmderyupte a. : anext- Clana t0 ee ops May cthe miele 4 Crd ubtlisation Mee | rcRO “ulation Ps less Non preemptive Scho : “délling 4, rot fob 4 LtBe ° Eanptive , Serscked dling iy fercole i > Gan Pre - emptive Schedult 2 ‘Bon Nom «Pate Cmte cru has a eusheac ap auth -| Scheduling icp. a Ove heo oF sitiching Sing fiom ene poss: to! angthey vous \. > Fn pre- Emplive Schecluley cach process allocatect -b cRofova Lente pert ; ~od + -thre. © Round bin al; ortthm Shortest Kemaining Te fivst CSRTF) . Seee oI based ied for ene, pyOcw Io anottass process ‘ > Fn Non Re-emprtive Scheduling aiprocess 1s Y allocated pn cP unt?) ee terminates. ER $ 0 Fivst Come Fivst Seve FCFS) + Shovtest Job fivst CSIP) ° Prionity busect ae Q. Watt: abait eionee joe api apenttie. Bs Shortest seb post Sehectaliog Alg Rtn, | 4 Jin, Shovtest bb first; sAigenithen y “pap vate Non preemphive bes Jy. opu ty allocated +o proass: with, Smallest burst time, es ose -tiane? erat Poss “ond i! % ubbat eyinetes dnd then CRO is allocated to: Pete eee even aprelett, bavsts -tirme: as 1a flbeoe: re Pel EN SE eee tay avocu Now wwoitting tive, Preuss as cfollews. fae ; Gantt choyt + Avevage. Wwailing- time = oF. eee Born around “Pine = 16S schedalieg.. 5 pans WP Bony based, Schedialirg Can be tio either oy = poe empire 4 Non pres VF Sa Non Pre Emple, > lot based Schectulirg & priowity i% given ~fov each process; CRD 1S, Tob Quows , st Quows ~ is > Pete Que. senecafion, % FOR QvEDESSS. When a proass, aves” fo oA Hon that prowss hey Stored in. De aie: i *& Ready Queve’ oe "when “ proass. ot estate -thon that pws Koady ees 3 ; i au al : | x Device | @veue i when a pots ig weds py slo devi py oP ! 0 t Fae vor i . — as iy "wing atat’ sehen, that protes fsin? Revie Ouone os ’ Q. af eventate Between Any : Pr0 C0S$ AU ote, ° _ Process means any Pree wpem “endey” Gueeu fon’ Sooo Process on tates move time toy Cention je 3H wa a eeruhe > 2 at takes move time | fov devoination ross. « ct takes more for. ontect “owitehh 7A ‘menor my tine, prowss. “does ‘nat Shaver CO te - othey prowess. “aay alt « 2 prowss fr. then tt will NOE” appeet enecion, of other prodss oH prowess has Oo prowess: Gontol block, dack @ acldvess “ve ened tt ma ke 0 asd Sarid —Threacls sich ‘\ thread. vend Heans a. pat o a Prog” vam we Tt 14, light soy Jobe proess Oe devkes “sVess.time crete ° “Hveadd ' oo DEY axthyed ead fa exert otter” ewecution of addvess space: PROCESS. oa ee NMIANAGEMENT I hit about alead lock chavacterjotion cessarg are) Suficent oF Qefine Bead lock 9 Explain ue Condifon time for clead lock, i Explain about Sead lock Hendling oY j Explain akout Read dock prevertions ancl : Approaches avolclan@. _ shat eee. 3. Explain about Gead lock Betection and Rove “Teclmtgp0s: We % ee yy ses by: on wae 4 6, wwitt about Concurvent and Qeperdent- prowess > Explain about weteds of Zor process Gmmunication ay Euplarn about Critical Seécton and, Semaphores . mt, bvite abet process Sephronig orton. ad diye aeee 5, Gupin classital Process. Synchronigcton problems 54 © ov ; : «deity -.about producer Consamer problems , . Radley - esetta problem. @ead lock ? Saplain chavactegton | of Sete &. Define Hon in ‘deadlock. locks: v€uplaio TEES, condit as Dead lock + = (oe Dead Iock fo , citation, where ne fof processes fs hole ing blocked. Because gach process: d vont fox: ‘ocho they Se SOUYG ave Q sesourta On hold by some othey pprotess: st ee let es dinis Deaplock: ‘Hons tl lock 2 Necessery Condit ‘ migroot ENLOSION toe "non “ohavable! - stitial entlusion ean | i ate mie a dimes Oudy one, proses ap “use the Resource « Lf ano-they roles weeg ues waspure , he: maspsting process wast? ots nye be watt: * Oow ann wert ; F Le t9" aeeth hed s HOle| ‘ord. wool eons a “process sie and « holding one veescunce ‘and waren a ~ they es ource: ie yor fer | ~ Ser ; Non - PRE EMmPTIVE % LULSOUYG fs Non pre- -eoyped means Yerlease only “wohen oo process firtshed Hs task. A process, cloe snot wee leise | 900 S6uy co in -the acetate le af Ge. task. ace * CURCULAR | WerT Let seP o of- protesses: a Poy P a in Crew lay wait, Py Mt att seg! ce held by PoP gs wal ding wave Te SU spun ce hold * by" Pr, andy Pp... 's. naa don Aer 2 Mesouste fold uy ial ea Po went P, P, x Exploin about dead Tet prtventtaet ands deacl Lock’ “alvotclance-* potters dees oe Explain’ about \ Deed. lock endl ‘ ng OP ats ing: Dead Lock* ae eerintn "ape lock Ws caneltaahan, 4 where bel op Pao cesses Ave blocked - Because “apich ‘prowess: ry holding, a vesourl, and mating © fow another. Tees our ce hole ae Some other acne no @ead lock | Pe verction “Techni We Caw puevent dialect mi hee Eb rmatnasting” the -f OWN, flo ng * Condi'tons- ‘ we Eble lutena Hold antl Waits « “ Eliouiaat ‘hh pre eruptive wnat treater ‘gait oe i Maitual ‘Goce itor «| “OE “ Eli x ELIMINATE ste eiurual..ex lop OM! \vortr Ehtatnat Heel Exclusion: ears * Resoune : ph OS, Aren, sharable: Tt fs not poss: ~ Call Bzeulibe) We Cannot we have: | PLS UNEES ike pion Scanney ett-y eble pa cht * euiwawere HOLD AND | watt * Eimcnat hold and ‘West® means eperatiog coi teert allo cates all sHesourees. ‘to & process before a process Gharts. ‘obs ewecertiom Stas will mot lead 18 Deed lock. aut, wt seady i sasounee (ttc +o "fess POSES seh | * Elma were « Nonl* 2 Preevieriye “‘Ebintnati Non Tez capi | ae “Sbae any deco. {x07 (chad lock. ted Fschecluli ing Es eer CERCULAR WeTT * “Cimcute | wart Means, obbert * Elionimate 4. process ~Io bréat eet watts toc...» $ iF ecneig “ ay eee + * 45 2 ~ Oued Lect Ariotolance “E 4 tn Pipiadholt Haineoivartana’) about a protess acid, Resoures. seegpit by a process Ps: barker Py opencting A Maing TIF Soagprmtect iors Dpaetg stent evil dietdé-/e.. enecth, ce by crv oF note 4 Oiyperent techniques ate ia “alg State : 3 Baotheys., Agettnm : Safety agit. aes Bived «4 System Chad zoek ‘uotlanas» us tk SORE sreste | “ik AQLUDHET, athMtRTS od af Spevading ieystern allocodtes , &esources P a Proas, : and Nt doesnot Jead-1p: 2 chacllock « whan $t 1s Known, OS Sore steel. Othuw'se , Be: is an Oe: Sitecte” of Deed lock, > - ® « y otth Ca aay £2"). Safe - -Stecfe. = &- Enplun abet cleadllock Petechion and chad le Hea Coben Y\- nictae 5 my ay Diet Zack. , Mah s “Bead We - asitvabon whee easel of preetes care. Bloctect Becduse. each process ts holding a. vesouvte ‘anc coakting Tey \ anotin: Psource fold by aoe ‘othar proess. 5 In Beas Yock Debechion Gipaiati System _ will txandne States a diffount processes. andl check. ie cleadlock has eceaieect aliige used Yo clefect dead lock i's "fesotoga! Mlocertlory Graph: (RPG), 4 ee oy. Joop enlsyt inn 210SoUNCE, allocahon graph tt lee da oaditock LB Ccewrvedl ere i \ Beaet Resoureo eAllocatow., soph? 2 > This gern pee of set ee) ret ces aol Set of edges: > eve. Vertices ash roo oi es ReaD ane nr prowsses 195 ie us = PR ne be .4 ave set of Resource Ste vedogs ave ¥ “tw ape posR 1 Repost cele. fey ee fou ien)® 5 fv BAG 8 Aye. loos DSpnbatt sed as“ wks aya ody bash tres v. Resource. Resucce dibaton Gre? aos FF Cycle. “exsist, hp ee ‘indicat a Cleadlock, Othanustse- ue, Dead took % Bead zock Lov Neen Sans Beast rock Ha coos “ech of elionterat rey a Bead Lock. pijtorn? had Reeowy Methocls ave eee 1 Fouss “Téa ominection Noein sak ee 2 WOO 3 | % Resource Pre-enotion. ©» 2 reeesy\ % PROLESS TERMONATION AOU BA a ZL “pros: “amnion preg Sytem ot any one process iw Clhadlock cj Gels te bread the. olead leeks: oY 4 RESOURCE . PRE*EMPTION ¢ . Tw Resouva Re- emphon “gperat my System cotl] prrecernait Comtenispt [pau se) ang HOSONTCE jim dead Loc € anit Reschedtile te ie [ay } a. on ee concurrent ard od ed “prodiss ) | Prous: ae wat on Pro a) urdev Frouss. A prouss I is “tao dypee 4 Dardeperdeat Rooks Ee Saw ema. ey “ Bepen® } Foes 5. : ae ae Gude PENDENT PI Process * lof an andepenclea prowess, esnot apfected the crecutionct Gqacichon tsi kOOwNy, 4s one proess el otha; 1060s S ; y ip’ { procseh | worn | 1 IK “Toe PENDENT. Paces | Za. Aepeodeat prods ‘econ - one, ye AN Prowss arffect the execubiory opathh PxOUSS. » ‘Fe Js also’ hoc “as Copourverrts PrOwesS OF co-opratiog, process: Sy Ao cemany seo pick oe Examples or Conturvent Prog tess 40 3 + Sanons oS oe J, Mors - PrORENATING, "Singha a + : 1 Hee) Hulfiple . peyems Fi ee bg Tyo than ore CPD & Shave Cornmén memory” using Common retort Shake, ah; 09 STRIBUTED PROCE S3INGQ |_ ENE RONEAENT: Here all wodles | tes ee ie nalatet: > chronizetion tt Q- ete ‘about? spioless ar nize a3 sprite about cm os ett oy ‘On: consistery er “ecal sechon seen fohores « prouss Synchronbs ton Nid ot nedbsles 42 ‘5 amethed of “mating tap Shand Sa é an duyi ono aie pene East ae a ea : A Troms aa eitton’ vst “einnatt pene «Tite ‘ao due mo. contitey it ft -ent pproassiOg - Hatin ChiavacterisHes, a prowess Spb selon Re » Cribteal Sebo: : oa Peoapnes ax CraTECal ST © gecTION + : then “ioe —than ont process aces G “react and wit Same “Code Se spend erat sgrert af Cocle is Otaonir’ aS Cniftcal | Sechon: A Critical Sechon Contains | cose ae oy =jibles at files. . =} Critical Section. & noe mane, Has} properly at oa + problem of Intonsistaccy- inv lecta . This 1s “seg as Cvibecal Secbiory HO ore, Palolero WarPBE A elt #. a 9H colicin +o this “pose “s “ acc ollowieg, thie” ened ions, Lae) > muToR L ‘eerosa0N }, —= ae means Aiea abc hien nis ‘won sharable u ait one. prowess. vemtey, tab ertttea: |... ue "eperating ugyscter aloe sob? ablow any othey prowss in -the. cetcal sechon a * > PROGRESS 3 2 Cape, a a Preuss ts grontedl’ “embry iat the Cattical Section only when-the critical section tsixqut in med fen) emdper, —> GOLNDED + WazT % ~ prowss Can wart for ost deal SecHon only “for & bounded watt C Limited’ Sines ae ‘press: doesnot, atte derte critieal dechion Toy. cet eee time, ag ie Res. Suschedule. EPICS PAD Aa we Structure oF “Gea! Set tion i oy code i do e adAa® Voidte entry secHon Critical Section exit Section Remaindey Sector |’ F cahile Che) on. #% SEMPPHORE 4 ' sash) slike Lo | “a Sermaphore ts an a variable used ~ Solve { avietenl Section PER. : 4A semoprore vaviable 'S! "'5 base cally ie tC sae tee yD to ne and perform ~t9 ae wort ancl sina OU Wait “ synas wottesy) 6 Signals) ends sau Filta See se5445 ° r Sulubon' yor critteal ' ciiee. pre sig Sewaphove 8 > thaloey cs “that ovoerte Let PaPy, PoiPa Ps Ue peo ue goto. Vcattah Section’ then pred, one for : crib'cal section iw 0 Pseudo Code_fov ewibical Sechon % a ae e 2 wis landte warts) ies Gribicel Sechon..», Signal Cs), Deraircley Section (Jos gh J chile Che); : MOGTeY pos Q.. ~Egplosn, about clasical” ee ayers 2 Problems 2 BY Process: syectnonption evabesce qe ts amethod mm ana Spi ty lenis pcs Oo. es penny oces5e 5+ Ww o: ee” Classical Pots Synechvorfne on, Fbblen Ae A Rotidev Consumer Problem. +. Peace pttev? Roblem .\, De Be Roblem , * PRODUCER — ~ consumer “prob & ; this is alo areas 2087 nh cere, pote in this, We have ‘ai procluc a ‘a showed! methiony' 1 OY, Beyltey Hefty ey & oe aod ny Copoumey "s consi, aie! gies > * Shovect Memory at”. sraciela | > Shoud Hemony hs a Rrource. eriaeen y © Prdclice “and Consdimev. * Seth, proilitey ‘and ‘Cein'sum ~ nhoate. dre tly « sihey, & con Leugdat ih a Shavecl Memory. > Tf procucer is vey ja ancl ~to -teke -the deta; 5+ tends: . peepee; of dota loss oy Beato ‘Diuepefiow .. > 37 Consume 1's very spost na produtey 1s. Slay ae cteake tee clad, proctuce to data, 2 leads Ci jen of Consumer soit 0% oY Boy pa oink evesCont not, Commu. , Consurrer | ts so, ES reaper — —be Proper! Sat = eth cbsrder ‘a hiastid mere il iso Prowsses hes ‘Reaicev: aad $i 3 phe ed lust aon epee sch, Con suad dato from Shaved” “memory. j >, hivitey, ts, a ps pohich' Can. ori eee ind shased | etn’ or (atissicn >. S hoved Memory" ts seasoune Common +8 Hh the te M bo provisses: oe 3 St i YONES —> Readev and writer problemp states that both (Readev and bn they) pro asses con not atte faces shaved data at -the Sametime. Shen Writey pore ts writiwg data Int Shaved trey Reacley procs Cknnst Head oy write de fromm Shaved Memory , > For_fxomple Wher NO» of users try 10° ne sey acerss & qile iy network; when o ts editing file ,No ag othey “sey oy ai Same file. Can ead MEMORY eho athe MeNAGEMENTI:s Q. Writ about “Logical, address Gnd Physica | addve _ 55 fa memory “Hacaaemert + wit iste: lopae >SAcldwess enerected cP ry KaOWN aS © logical 3 dlaliess Tet ts also poor as} wivtial » 4 uae aatthsst set of, 0 ical acldlvesses of O prouss. 's. Know as Yoyical ‘acldyvess spaces > Addvess enewacted © main memory fs Krona. hysical, SAblivesss 4 set of Phystal add-esses of a poss 1's Know & S ‘physical addvess ‘spuds é =H Gait : ihe : z > Relocation Qegistey Stores ke ’ CFivs! Jastucton Addaess):* ap User Coo: view I ‘cert ae cpa Buck user q adchess Spube Vv acl Connot view’ sical, * phy ‘ al Ledeen tet Q Witt abot Memory argaimbt 2 a fs lemon Hanaganent vey pe Memory Management isa method eh 05 3 that manages. OP erabions between | umn memory and Secondary: PENT du ig ae Meas ese Allo cortion chet 1050 se a ba o Conipoxs ed par on) | savtable partion -——, [pee Per giicn ai, Non Qon By tio $$} : 7 d a } oe cae x fonts aves renoRY “alloca F200 Cont 40 US... MEMOYY allocation, a cone process "5 allo cortted ae ee gS block of memory py rts euean en: St ts divided Into = & types! y Fined pantiton 2) Vouiable ‘burt Hon: +> FAKED pArTdition SON EINE | —+ Sn fined part boo cachene 10 bf perdi tions ant fined im memory + Sep of wth partition hs Same. €g! Sn fined park Hon Scheme , aman wemeiy = 50KB. B01 5 portions in the waemnemnord : pe et ie panne Lp enICALILLTLALR | 0 6 BOVE ‘ 204B 7~ 4OKB BOKG a 3 Coach postition’ contains 10148. iin each partition only one pro uss won be placed. Limitations * cee x 94+ Reduces agree of Me roulti pagans a hostage of memory in each block leads te Saturol frageerntation eon => VARIABLE ¢€NGTH _Forrami0w + 4 Gu aviuble xeogth ne parton» No: oe pub bors 3 ave not fined ‘iy memory * aise of each ie "s changing accordingly Y “the proress f vole Are us Gnsiclev petitions proless P= aOkB Pes PRBNG Ob btoa she git SA SPRY ORB, oy ; Ry 2 /5kB oe 3 SaorB.. BKB 12 KB | 6nly 10kB left Z\ 50k8 then We Cant make partons re bebo? External ation. >: Ine Cannot allocats Py Hf Size ISKB. dimitations eer ey hastope of memory ait 7° Yeatereal nage. , Wott about oo a "py | pia 1 Contiguous. memory alloca Paging to) SO whRD —-ton etechingtie. Pa ing technique gu trives second memory” fh Shores ow. Proless from in ™ (aur Non- Contiguous memory lbcation memory x 05 Juads data from secondary mernovy Cutled Pages SAY seh faethe blogks oe . fn naan anes # Zolenticad. Sige “of ae OMe catled “Reames & bite : e eA "eliminates problems: af "gotternal Fragen entation Advoste ages. cae Peging eliminates problen ap enteral 17 -amentation. ' z: pre see ore of the easiest method in membry a igor. 4 le Conversion EA iyi alddress toto 5 Piptenl Adalyess net ss oe ola ical. address , But sco | soldveas 60 VE . ees meee > OPO all oy genet main meri d i Kaye phy have -fp traralale log cal address into P auckdvess generated by GRO has paris heey & page number CP) a b, Instruction offset (dJ 0 contains’ > putts: Ley Frame number: (#3 by Dnshuch'on offset ¢d-) F ? dopa! ~ Physical addresses, ls > Pigé’ table. cis. Stovect inside mato Memory. Page table helps fn mappleg. betwee the Vivtial addvess 12 physical addre’s. Physical. ical ldchess acldvess Supeet ; : bit Abit abit tot oo af Ad Pa Page numbey 4 glaen A f > frame Number. Snes THon sy Meng), iaHein Memory Pagetable ey Cee o .P. 13 the ta inl cut‘ ePfch 5 OPO safer Pg ble £ te out ohich page present” at which -frarme no using -frame no ee SSRN peg Ie no is | Page table 1 physical addve'ss is generected | bsbect bitte aboat gion fm: Seqmecsintion : - Segmentation ts a remo Maria tappinerne -techniqua in which the “meno ory 15 divicleef mMemor inf variable Se memory block s Lach o block i's XnoeoW as Apmis + Ahlvarita des . > Nod Internal fragmentation Pes ~ Segment: table Consumer Jess Gout Campase “fe page ble. nae ea 0 ( Addves3 “Fronslation an oe OOH eyyor: # A B8eqinent table, Stores. iti ection about all Sepnentte it is called Segment table. ; ae Senet table Qonsists oy a ¥ Base cclebess — ve dint © Base address is ne Jin stuucblor addvess, wWheve the Segment: f a stored in ae meno: : © Limit Sores logs oe Sogmeot a prowss heey No oF insfuctions 7 Press: x CPO Generates sa aleres ar Const 2 2 pads. . Ceci meget aw Segment no (Ss) : ” Pi Jnstruckon tits set a) X OPO afer Se ment table +o el ase address, added , it to the, imshuehion Gees ae rp add-ves f . i] Vrore t + he about COtrtual Meat rt ov im ae stdgy ee | lovtte lb "> Uirtual ‘Maroy t's a echntgue wed can pati. 05 to process OY exgcate files oF - a ye oF Mah OOTY > Uirtual memory doesn't easy onlsh Ee ts a pad a Seoondlapy Me > Tn Wirtual Machine -techingus large programs ave clivicled forts No- of popes and while execertion only ~the seogutred pages ave loadel Into matin memory . > Uirtual Hemory aan be im plementect by dsiag a technig wes a, Demand pogir 6, Demand amerstation, a: ivtual memory Qe Write about. phn ¢ Struchare ? ) fn: Directory, Structure .: Directory can be depined! as. s tHe listing of tulated files on the disk. A hayd dlis can be; aivide! fa 00: of- PayRtons oie “ypevent ‘Sizes: ~The pat? tions are also called Voltarnes Os mtn? olisksS- Cath ns must have at, least one 0 rectory poxtitio Dipgerent “Types OF Divectory 2 Struchives % SINGLE agit " Danecrgry'' ate Tn ‘his ies 1 alls sre. otovedl # tw onky ene. “clvectOng in the clist. eae Cov be usecl for | one nes Single level Directory ey TS ig fsa ee TL ts. Simple 4 Implement x Gonna have tao, files wit? Seer ® Wo lever marecroRy! © |, Un two level clivectory ee we CourVv s Create a, Sept dlivectootes dedicated 10 ea actéss other Uuse-files Uusevs 6ne Usey Cannot utthad adwin permission - st ts ga followed tn og * TREE STROCTORED BERECTORY- Zn Tree'- Asrdetined Elitin, Spite aay clivectony dan Gortain a .2ub- divectory ay vpile. \ Mie ta pivectory Sub-clivee 7 IC 8 files mle 00 ue Free - Structured! Divectory. Q. Write about Operation’ “OF FI? oh sto Opertions On fs? lection. ef- logically in Second A pile “ts Ta Co tulated olata- a ile Is. stored! sary storage memory Qavious operations “que done, by ause Y om files usin coromandts prouidecl by os. Diynect fleopagtions 8 % cneete Sa eneie a ) “this Gpera tion Ib ‘used ~ cvecit a need file. inthe system. De quill crecitt 0.new file In ogpevoprimate abivectovy Oren : : e vik This @peradton ts Used Yo ve enisting file. when tisey- wants ‘to ve afile ,) OS provides a iid ra fame ~b Fe in a& apne. di iveetory « | ( o were. | “this Opera ion -—mation ‘nto. agile 8 READ “ : This .Opeyation js used 40 sod dota from o-file- seek 3 Ae eo This Opeiation ts used fo. Search by ay FIND any data in > ogile: ‘ DeleTe . This aperation, AS Sse 48 olelete" a ls used ewrite tnfov We RY file. “RONG RONCee + This eae is aay ae oelete “aul ‘data ina apie and. teop file em tose ir . this apratn is tier 5 close a file.

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