HOLIDAYS HOME WORK

CLASS XII

BIOLOGY ASSIGNMENT- CHAPTER 3 &4

HUMAN REPRODUCTION

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Choose the incorrect statement from the following:

a. In birds and mammals internal fertilisation takes place

b. Colostrum contains antibodies and nutrients

c. Polyspermy in mammals is prevented by the chemical changes in

the egg surface

d. In the human female implantation occurs almost seven days after

fertilisation

2. Identify the correct statement from the following:

a. High levels of estrogen triggers the ovulatory surge.

b. Oogonial cells start to proliferate and give rise to functional ova in

regular cycles from puberty onwards.

c. Sperms released from seminiferous tubules are highly motile.

d. Progesterone level is high during the post ovulatory phase of

menstrual cycle.

3. Spot the odd one out from the following structures with reference to the

male reproductive system:

a. Rete testis

b. Epididymis

c. Vasa efferentia

d. Isthmus

4. Seminal plasma, the fluid part of semen, is contributed by.

i. Seminal vesicle

ii. Prostate gland

iii. Urethra

iv. Bulbourethral gland

(a) i and ii (b) i, ii and iv (c) ii, iii and iv (d) i and iv

5. Spermiation is the process of the release of sperms from:

a. Seminiferous tubules

b. Vas deferens

c. Epididymis

d. Prostate gland

6. Mature Graafian follicle is generally present in the ovary of a healthy

human female around:

a. 5 – 8 day of menstrual cycle

b. 11 – 17 day of menstrual cycle

c. 18 – 23 day of menstrual cycle

d. 24 – 28 day of menstrual cycle

7. Acrosomal reaction of the sperm occurs due to:

a. Its contact with zona pellucida of the ova

b. Reactions within the uterine environment of the female

c. Reactions within the epididymal environment of the male

d. Androgens produced in the uterus

8. Which one of the following is not a male accessory gland?

a. Seminal vesicle

b. Ampulla

c. Prostate

d. Bulbourethral gland

9. The spermatogonia undergo division to produce sperms by the process

of spermatogenesis. Choose the correct one with reference to above.

a. Spermatogonia have 46 chromosomes and always undergo meiotic

cell division

b. Primary spermatocytes divide by mitotic cell division

c. Secondary spermatocytes have 23 chromosomes and undergo

second meiotic division

d. Spermatozoa are transformed into spermatids

10. Match between the following representing parts of the sperm and their

functions and choose the correct option.

Column I Column II

A. Head i. Enzymes

B. Middle piece ii. Sperm motility

C. Acrosome iii. Energy

D. Tail iv. Genetic material

options:

a. A-ii, B-iv, C-i, D-iii

b. A-iv, B-iii, C-i, D-ii

c. A-iv, B-i, C-ii, D-iii

d. A-ii, B-i, C-iii, D-iv

11. Which among the following has 23 chromosomes?

a. Spermatogonia

b. Zygote

c. Secondary oöcyte

d. Oögonia

12. Match the following and choose the correct options:

Column I Column II

A. Trophoblast i. Embedding of blastocyst in the endome

trium

B. Cleavage ii. Group of cells that would differentiate as embryo

C. Inner cell mass iii. Outer layer of blastocyst attached to the

endometrium

D. Implantation iv. Mitotic division of zygote

Options:

a. A-ii, B-i, C-iii, D-iv

b. A-iii, B-iv, C-ii, D-i

c. A-iii, B-i, C-ii, D-iv

d. A-ii, B-iv, C-iii, D-i

13. Which of the following hormones is not secreted by human placenta?

a. hCG

b. Estrogens

c. Progesterone

14. The vas deferens receives duct from the seminal vesicle and opens into

urethra as:

a. Epididymis

b. Ejaculatory duct

c. Efferent ductule

d. Ureter

15. Urethral meatus refers to the:

a. Urinogenital duct

b. Opening of vas deferens into urethra

c. External opening of the urinogenital duct

d. Muscles surrounding the urinogenial duct

16. Morula is a developmental stage:

a. Between the zygote and blastocyst

b. Between the blastocyst and gastrula

c. After the implantation

d. Between implantation and parturition

17. The membranous cover of the ovum at ovulation is:

a. Corona radiata

b. Zona radiata

c. Zona pellucida

d. Chorion
18. Identify the odd one from the following:

a. Labia minora

b. Fimbriae

c. Infundibulum

d. Isthmus

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Given below are the events in human reproduction. Write them in correct

sequential order.

Insemination, gametogenesis, fertilisation, parturition, gestation,

implantation

2. The path of sperm transport is given below. Provide the missing steps in

blank boxes.

3. What is the role of cervix in the human female reproductive system?

4. Why are menstrual cycles absent during pregnancy.

5. From where the parturition signals arise-mother or foetus? Mention the

main hormone involved in parturition.

6. What is the significance of epididymis in male fertility?

7. Give the names and functions of the hormones involved in the process of

spermatogenesis. Write the names of the endocrine glands from where

they are released.

8. The mother germ cells are transformed into a mature follicle through

series of steps. Provide the missing steps in the blank boxes.

9. During reproduction, the chromosome number (2n) reduces to half (n)

in the gametes and again the original number (2n) is restored in the

offspring, What are the processes through which these events take place?

10. What is the difference between a primary oöcyte and a secondary oöcyte?

11. What is the significance of ampullary–isthmic junction in the female

reproductive tract?

12. How does zona pellucida of ovum help in preventing polyspermy?

13. Mention the importance of LH surge during menstrual cycle.

14. Which type of cell division forms spermatids from the secondary

spermatocytes?

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. A human female experiences two major changes, menarche and

menopause during her life. Mention the significance of both the events.

2. a. How many spermatozoa are formed from one secondary

spermatocyte?

b. Where does the first cleavage division of zygote take place?

3. Corpus luteum in pregnancy has a long life. However, if fertilisation does

not take place, it remains active only for 10-12 days. Explain.

4. What is foetal ejection reflex? Explain how it leads to parturition?

5. Except endocrine function, what are the other functions of placenta.

6. Why doctors recommend breast feeding during initial period of infant

growth?
7. What are the events that take place in the ovary and uterus during

follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.

8. Given below is a flow chart showing ovarian changes during menstrual

cycle. Fill in the spaces giving the name of the hormones responsible for

the events shown.

9. Give a schematic labelled diagram to represent oögenesis (without

descriptions)

10. What are the changes in the oogonia during the transition of a primary

follicle to Graafian follicle?

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. What role does pituitary gonadotropins play during follicular and

ovulatory phases of menstrual cycle? Explain the shifts in steroidal

secretions.

2. Meiotic division during oogenesis is different from that in

spermatogenesis. Explain how and why?

3. The zygote passes through several developmental stages till implantation,

Describe each stage briefly with suitable diagrams.

4. Draw a neat diagram of the female reproductive system and label the

parts associated with the following (a) production of gamete, (b) site of

fertilisation (c) site of implantation and, (d) birth canal.

5. With a suitable diagram, describe the organisation of mammary gland.

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. The method of directly injecting a sperm into ovum in Assisted

Reproductive Technology is called:

a. GIFT

b. ZIFT

c. ICSI

d. ET

2. Increased IMR and decreased MMR in a population will:

a. Cause rapid increase in growth rate

b. Result in decline in growth rate

c. Not cause significant change in growth rate

d. Result in an explosive population

3. Intensely lactating mothers do not generally conceive due to the:

a. Suppression of gonadotropins

b. Hyper secretion of gonadotropins

c. Suppression of gametic transport

d. Suppression of fertilisation

4. Sterilisation techniques are generally fool proof methods of contraception

with least side effects. Yet, this is the last option for the couples because:

i. It is almost irreversible

ii. Of the misconception that it will reduce sexual urge

iii. It is a surgical procedure

iv. Of lack of sufficient facilities in many parts of the country

Choose the correct option:

(a) i and iii (b) ii and iii (c) ii and iv (d) i, ii, iv

5. A national level approach to build up a reproductively healthy society

was taken up in our country in:

a. 1950s

b. 1960s

c. 1980s

d. 1990s

6. Emergency contraceptives are effective if used within:

a. 72 hrs of coitus

b. 72 hrs of ovulation

c. 72 hrs of menstruation

d. 72 hrs of implantation

7. Choose the right one among the statements given below:

a. IUDs are generally inserted by the user herself

b. IUDs increase phagocytosis reaction in the uterus

c. IUDs suppress gametogenesis

d. IUDs once inserted need not be replaced

8. Following statements are given regarding MTP. Choose the correct

options given below:

i. MTPs are generally advised during first trimester

ii. MTPs are used as a contraceptive method

iii. MTPs are always surgical

iv. MTPs require the assistance of qualified medical personnel

(a) ii and iii (b) ii and iii (c) i and iv (d) i and ii

9. From the sexually transmitted diseases mentioned below, identify the

one which does not specifically affect the sex organs:

a. Syphilis

b. AIDS

c. Gonorrhea

d. Genital warts

10. Condoms are one of the most popular contraceptives becuase of the

following reasons:

a. These are effective barriers for insemination

b. They do not interfere with coital act

c. These help in reducing the risk of STDs

d. All of the above

11. Choose the correct statement regarding the ZIFT procedure:

a. Ova collected from a female donor are transferred to the fallopian

tube to facilitate zygote formation.

b. Zygote is collected from a female donor and transferred to the

fallopian tube

c. Zygote is collected from a female donor and transferred to the uterus

d. Ova collected from a female donor and transferrerd to the uterus

12. The correct surgical procedure as a contraceptive method is:

a. Ovariectomy

b. Hysterectomy

c. Vasectomy

d. Castration

13. Diaphragms are contraceptive devices used by the females. Choose the

correct option from the statements given below:

i. They are introduced into the uterus

ii. They are placed to cover the cervical region

iii. They act as physical barriers for sperm entry

iv. They act as spermicidal agents

(a) i and ii, (b) i and iii, (c) ii and iii, (d) iii & iv

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Reproductive health refers only to healthy reproductive functions.

Comment.

2. Comment on the Reproductive and Child Health Care programme of the

government to improve the reproductive health of the people.

3. The present population growth rate in India is alarming. Suggest ways

to check it.

4. STDs can be considered as self-invited diseases. Comment.

5. Suggest the reproduction-related aspects in which counselling should

be provided at the school level.

6. Mention the primary aim of the “Assisted Reproductive Technology”

(ART) programme.

7. What is the significance of progesterone-estrogen combination as a

contraceptive measure

8. Strict conditions are to be followed in medical termination of pregnancy

(MTP) procedures. Mention two reasons.

9. Males in whom testes fail to descend to the scrotum are generally infertile.

Why?

10. Mention two advantages of lactational amenorrhea as a contraceptive

method.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Suggest some important steps that you would recommend to be taken

to improve the reproductive health standards in India.

2. The procedure of GIFT involves the transfer of female gamete to the

fallopian tube. Can gametes be transferred to the uterus to achieve the

same result? Explain.

3. Copper ions-releasing IUDs are more efficient than non-medicated

methods. Why?

4. What are the probable factors that contributed to population explosion

in India?

5. Briefly explain IVFand ET What are the conditions in which these

methods are advised?

6. What are the advantages of natural methods of contraception over

artificial methods?

7. What are the conditions in which medical termination of pregnancy is

advised?

8. Comment on the essential features required for an ideal contraceptive.

9. All reproductive tract infections RTIs are STDs, but all STDs are not

RTIs. Justify with example.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What are the Assisted Reproductive Techniques practised to help infertile

couples? Describe any three techniques.

2. Discuss the mode of action and advantages/disadvantages of hormonal

contraceptives.

3. STDs are a threat to reproductive health. Describe any two such diseases

and suggest preventive measures

4. Do you justify the statutory ban on aminocentesis in our country? Give

reasons.

5. Enumerate and describe any five reasons for introducing sex education

to school-going children.