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12 views2 pages

Tutorial 2 - 2024 25

Uploaded by

krishlathiya795
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© © All Rights Reserved
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PARUL UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY


Department of Applied Science & Humanities
Third Semester B. Tech (CSE, IT)
Discrete Mathematics (303191202)
Tutorial-2 Propositional Logic
Academic Year: 2024-25

Q1. Which of these sentences are propositions? What are the truth values of those that are
propositions?
a) Boston is the capital of Massachusetts. b) Miami is the capital of Florida.
c) 2 + 3 = 5. d) 5 + 7 = 10.
e) x + 2 = 11. f) Answer this question.
Q2. Answer the following questions:
1. What is the negation of each of these propositions?
(a) Jennifer and Teja are friends. (b) There are 13 items in a baker’s dozen.
(c) 121 is a perfect square. (d) Abby sent more than 100 text messages everyday

2. Which of following sentences is a proposition? [Winter 2018 – 19]


(a) What is a group? (b) 2n > 100.
(c) Wish you all the best (d) A simple graph has a loop

3. Which of the following is proposition? [Winter 2023 – 24]


(a) Get me a glass of milkshake (b) God bless you!
(c) What is the time now? (d) The only odd prime number is 2.

4. Which of the following is knowing a proposition? [Summer 2023 – 24]


(a) Four is even number. (b) 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10
(c) Sun rises in west. (d) (a) and (c)

5. Which of the following is not proposition? [Winter 2022 - 23]


(a) My name is Kamal. (b) Four is even number.
(c) May God bless you. (d) Nine is prime number.

6. Which of the following is not proposition? [Winter 2023 – 24]


(a) √3 is a prime number. (b) √2 is rational number.
(c) Mathematics is interesting. (d) 5 is even integer.

Q3. Suppose that,


Smartphone A has 256 MB RAM and 32GB ROM, and the resolution of its camera is 8 MP;
Smartphone B has 288 MB RAM and 64 GB ROM, and the resolution of its camera is 4 MP; and
Smartphone C has 128 MB RAM and 32 GB ROM, and the resolution of its camera is 5 MP.
Determine the truth value of each of these propositions.
a) Smartphone B has the most RAM of these three smartphones.
b) Smartphone C has more ROM or a higher resolution camera than Smartphone B.
c) Smartphone B has more RAM, more ROM, and a higher resolution camera than Smartphone A.
d) If Smartphone B has more RAM and more ROM than Smartphone C, then it also has a higher
resolution camera.
e) Smartphone A has more RAM than Smartphone B if and only if Smartphone B has more RAM
than Smartphone A.

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Q4. Let p and q be the propositions “The election is decided” and “The votes have been counted,”
respectively. Express each of these compound propositions as an English sentence.

a) ￢𝑝 b) 𝑝 ∨ 𝑞 c) ￢𝑝 ∧ 𝑞 d) 𝑞 → 𝑝
e) ￢𝑞 ∨ (￢𝑝 ∧ 𝑞) f ) ￢𝑝 → ￢𝑞 g) 𝑝 ↔ 𝑞 h) ￢𝑞 → ￢𝑝

Q5. Construct a truth table for each of these compound propositions.


a) ((𝑝 → 𝑞) → 𝑟) → 𝑠 b) (𝑝 ∧ 𝑞) → (𝑝 ∨ 𝑞)
Q6. Find the bitwise OR, bitwise AND, and bitwise XOR of each of these pairs of bit strings.
a) 00 0111 0001, 10 0100 1000
b) 11 1111 1111, 00 0000 0000
Q7. a) Show that ￢𝑝 ↔ 𝑞 and 𝑝 ↔ ￢𝑞 are logically equivalent.
b) Show that ￢(𝑝 ⊕ 𝑞) and 𝑝
↔ 𝑞 are logically equivalent.
Q8. Determine whether each of these compound propositions is satisfiable.
a) (𝑝 ∨ ￢𝑞) ∧ (￢𝑝 ∨ 𝑞) ∧ (￢𝑝 ∨ ￢𝑞)
b) (𝑝 ∨ 𝑞 ∨ 𝑟) ∧ (￢𝑝 ∨ ￢𝑞 ∨ ￢𝑟)
Q9. Let C(x) be the statement “x has a cat,”
let D(x) be the statement “x has a dog,” and
let F(x) be the statement “x has a ferret.”

Express each of these statements in terms of C(x), D(x), F(x), quantifiers, and logical connectives.
Let the domain consist of all students in your class.

a) A student in your class has a cat, a dog, and a ferret.


b) All students in your class have a cat, a dog, or a ferret.
c) Some student in your class has a cat and a ferret, but not a dog.
d) No student in your class has a cat, a dog, and a ferret.
e) For each of the three animals, cats, dogs, and ferrets, there is a student in your class who has
this animal as a pet.
Q10. Translate the logical equivalence (T ∧ T) ∨￢F ≡ T into an identity in Boolean algebra.
[Winter 2019 – 20]
Q11. Give a direct proof that if m and n are both perfect squares, then nm is also a perfect square.
Q12. Prove that if n is an integer and n2 is odd, then n is odd.
Q13. Prove that 2 is irrational by giving a proof by contradiction.
OR
Use the method of contradiction to prove that √2 an irrational number.
[Summer 2018 – 19] [Winter 2021 – 22] OR
By contradiction method prove that √6 is an irrational number. [Winter 2023 – 24]
Q14. Use a direct proof to show that the sum of two odd integers is even.
Q15. Show that if n is an integer and n3 + 5 is odd, then n is even using
a) a proof by contraposition.
b) a proof by contradiction.
Q16. Prove that n2 + 1 ≥ 2n when n is a positive integer with 1 ≤ n ≤ 4. [Winter 2019 – 20]
Q17. Prove that there are no positive perfect cubes less than 1000 that are the sum of the cubes of two
positive integers.

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