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4 Integumentary

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17 views

4 Integumentary

Uploaded by

Ma Krisanta Cuyo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 5

The Integumentary System

Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


End of Chapter 5

■ Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this
work beyond that permitted in section 117 of the 1976
United States Copyright Act without express permission
of the copyright owner is unlawful. Request for further
information should be addressed to the Permission
Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may
make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not
for distribution or resale. The Publishers assumes no
responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages caused
by the use of theses programs or from the use of the
information herein.

Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Integumentary System
■ The body’s covering
■ Includes: skin, nails, and hairs
■ Skin: cutaneous membrane

Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Structure
■ Two main parts
❑ Epidermis - surface epithelial layer
❑ Dermis - deeper connective tissue layer
■ Subcutaneous (subQ) layer or hypodermis
lies deep to dermis; is not part of the skin

Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Integumentary System

Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Epidermis
■ Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
■ Cell types (4):
❑ Keratinocytes
❑ Melanocytes
❑ Langerhans cells
❑ Merkel cells

Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Epidermal Cells
■ Keratinocytes
❑ 90% of epidermal cells
❑ 4-5 layers
❑ Produce keratin
❑ Protects skin
❑ Waterproofs skin

Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Epidermal Cells
■ Melanocytes
❑ Produce melanin that gives color to skin, hairs
❑ Transfer pigment to keratinocytes
❑ Make up 8% of epidermal cells

Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Epidermal Cells
■ Langerhans cells
❑ Immune response

■ Merkel cells
❑ Sense of touch
❑ Consist of tactile disc and neuron for touch sensation

Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Epidermal Layers
■ Four Layers (strata)
❑ Stratum basale
■ Includes stem cells; new cells arise here
❑ Stratum spinosum: 8-10 cell layer
■ Cells beginning to look flattened
❑ Stratum granulosum makes keratin
■ Losing cell organelles and nuclei
■ Have waterproofing lipid
❑ Stratum corneum: flattened dead cells
■ Cells here consist mostly of keratin.
■ Cells here are shed and replaced from below.

Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Skin Color
■ Melanin: dark color
❑ Darkness depends on amount of melanin
produced.
❑ Provides some protection against UV rays
■ Carotene: yellow orange
❑ In stratum corneum and adipose layers-
■ Hemoglobin in blood: pink-red
❑ Depends on blood flow

Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Accessory Structures
■ Hair
■ Skin glands
■ Nails

Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Hair
■ Found on most skin surfaces
❑ Not on palmar surfaces of hand and fingers or plantar
surfaces of feet
■ Made of fused keratinized cells
■ Consists of shaft and root
■ Surrounded by hair follicle
❑ Base is bulb which includes growing matrix producing
cells
■ Nerves in hair root plexuses
■ Muscle that pulls on hair: arrector pili
■ Causes hair to stand on end

Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Hair

Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Glands
■ Sebaceous gland: secrete oily sebum
❑ Connected to hair follicles; keeps hair from drying
out
■ Sudoriferous (sweat) gland
❑ Eccrine sweat gland
❑ Wide distribution- thermoregulation
❑ Apocrine sweat gland
❑ Axilla, groin, areolae, beard
❑ Contain other cell material
■ Ceruminous (wax) gland
❑ Wax combines with sebum to produce earwax

Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Nails
■ Plates of packed hard dead keratinized cells
■ Nail body: major visible portion
■ Free edge: part extending past finger or toe
■ Root: cells deep to here (in nail matrix) form
new nail cells

Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Nails

Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Nails

Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Functions
■ Temperature regulation
■ Protection
■ Sensory reception
■ Excretion and absorption: small amounts
■ Vitamin D synthesis

Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Aging
■ Adolescence: can develop acne
■ Most effects in dermis, with visible signs of
aging by about age 40. These include:
❑ Loss of collagen fibers
❑ Loss of elasticity
❑ Loss of immune responses
❑ Decreased melanocyte functions:
■ gray hair, skin blotches
❑ Thinning of skin and hairs
■ Anti-aging treatments

Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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