See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/287919782

Padel sports clubs in Spain

Article in International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship · October 2011

DOI: 10.1108/IJSMS-13-01-2011-B004

CITATIONS READS

7 7,393

1 author:

Mercedes Rodríguez-Fernández
University of Malaga
28 PUBLICATIONS 896 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Mercedes Rodríguez-Fernández on 19 January 2016.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

SMS13.1 paper 3 Padel pp38-48 KT2 4/11/11 20:14 Page 38

Padel sports clubs in Spain

Keywords
padel
racket sport
business plan
sports management
sports marketing
Abstract

This case study deals with a new racket sport that is

seeing strong growth in a number of countries. The
Mercedes Rodriguez-Fernandez
Professor, Economy and Businesses Department, University of Malaga
study is based on surveys of Spanish padel1 sport clubs,
Francisco Trujillo Villanueva s/n, Ampliacion Campus de Teatinos and by grouping these datasets we are able to propose a
29071 Malaga, Spain business plan that may be used as a guide for investors
CASE STUDY

Tel: + 34 951 952 082

Email: [email protected] or managers in the sports industry. The paper explores
the development possibilities and marketing options for
Peer reviewed this ascending sport.

The history of Padel

Executive summary European countries such as Spain, France and
England, along with South American countries such as
In this theoretical and empirical study we begin by Argentina, have over the past few years witnessed a
categorising padel as being a racket sport. Following a real explosion of interest in padel. To analyse this
brief introduction outlining its origin, we present data phenomenon in depth, we will look into its origins and
pertaining to the practice of this sport in Spain. This differentiate padel from other racket sports.
establishes the basis of our study, allowing us to focus Among the documents we have relied upon to
on the supply side of padel at the present time: an identify the historic roots of padel we include the
empirical analysis is carried out through surveys of studies of Hernández-Vázquez (1997), Correa &
sports clubs where this sport is practiced with the Correa (2006), papers presented at the IV World
objective of determining the viability of these centres. Congress of Science and Racquet Sports (Madrid,
With the data gathered from the padel clubs we 2006) and information provided by the Spanish and
develop a business plan which could serve as a guide international associations of padel. This takes us to
to professionals or investors in the area of sports the first quarter of the 20th century, where a game
management. Finally, we explore the possibilities of similar to padel was played for leisure by the
expansion for padel beyond Spanish borders analysing passengers on English cruise ships. A comparable
different marketing strategies . game, called ‘paddle-tennis’, was played in the parks

1. It is important to specify that two different terms in English refer to the same sport: namely, padel and paddle. This paper uses padel, as it is the term
used in the Spanish language.

38 International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship l OCTOBER 2011 l

SMS13.1 paper 3 Padel pp38-48 KT2 4/11/11 20:14 Page 39

Padel sports clubs in Spain

of New York at that time. The sport, played with a La Coruna and San Sebastian, where courts were built
short-handled racket and without a centre net, was in sports clubs that previously had had only tennis
also played in other states, including New Jersey, courts. An important milestone in the sport’s history
Connecticut and Washington D.C., and was practised is the founding in 1987 of the Spanish Padel
as a substitute for tennis during the winter season. Association at the Moraleja Golf and Country Club in
Research into the origins of padel in Spain brings us Madrid, with the objective of first, promoting this sport
to Alfonso de Hohenlohe, a Spanish businessman and throughout the country and second, organising
a member of the German nobility. He is best known tournaments at the most prestigious Spanish clubs
for his promotion of the Spanish coastal resort town of (Hernández-Vázquez, 1997).
Marbella in the Costa del Sol in southern Spain and On 25 July 1991 the International Padel Federation
the foundation of The Marbella Club (1954), an was founded in Madrid, with Spaniard Julio Alegría
exclusive resort club that attracted the international jet Ártica as its president. His responsibilities included the
set. In 1974 de Hohenlohe visited Mexico, invited by creation of an international circuit for the game and
a Mexican industrialist, Enrique Corcuera, who, in the specification of a standard set of rules
search of a less demanding racket sport, had created (International Padel Federation, 2008). Two years
a game (Paddle Association of Canada, 2008). This later, in May 1993, the Spanish Superior Sports
consisted of adding front (fronton) and back walls 3 Centre (CSD) recognised padel as a sporting

CASE STUDY
metres in height to a court, placing a net in the discipline. The following year, the Spanish Padel
middle and enclosing the entire playing area with a Association was created and registered in the Registry
fence. The game was played with wooden rackets and of Sporting Associations of the CSD.
a tennis ball and was called padel-tennis. Padel associations also exist at regional level, with
Upon his return to Spain, Alfonso de Hohenlohe Madrid the first to be founded, in January 1992,
perfected his new-found sport by finetuning details of followed Catalunia, Basque country, Galicia, Andalucia
the court (type of surface, dimensions), establishing and Extremadura. Since then many regional, national
rules for the game and later building the first two and international circuits have been organised and
padel courts at The Marbella Club. He continued to countless tournaments have taken place, sponsored by
spread interest among tennis stars, including Manolo corporations and organised by the federated clubs.
Santana, winner of four tennis grand slams in the The first worldwide Padel tournaments took place at
early 1960s, who organised tournaments. The two the Moraleja Golf and Country Club in Madrid and at
men began to build padel courts at other clubs around the World Exposition in Seville in 1992, with the latter
the Costa del Sol. seeing delegations from 11 countries from America
In 1975 another friend of Alfonso de Hohenlohe, the and Europe (Spanish Padel Federation, 2008).
millionaire Argentinian Julio Menditegui, a regular visitor
to Marbella, decided to take the game to Argentina, Factors contributing to the spread of padel
where within a few years it enjoyed an unprecedented To further study the development of padel we must
surge of popularity. Today it is the second most first develop a general categorisation of racket sports
practised sport in the country - after soccer (Correa & in order to position padel within this group. As a
Correa, 2006). Interest in padel spread, to Brazil, starting point we have chosen scientific studies on
Uruguay, Chile and Paraguay, gaining many players, sports practice carried out in Spain (CIS y CSD, 2005;
and its influence reached North America, as Llopis-Goig & Llopis-Goig, 2006) and have derived
demonstrated in the appendix list of padel associations. the following configuration (Table 1).
The spread of padel in Spain began in large cities As can be seen from the above classification, padel
such as Madrid, Barcelona, Seville, Malaga, Valencia, can be considered a racket sport that sits alongside

l OCTOBER 2011 l International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship 39

SMS13.1 paper 3 Padel pp38-48 KT2 4/11/11 20:14 Page 40

Padel sports clubs in Spain

TABLE 1 Classification of racket sports in Spain

RACKET SPORTS
TENNIS PADEL TABLE TENNIS SQUASH OTHER
FRONTON
TRINQUETE
FRONTENNIS

Source: compiled from CIS & CSD (2005) and Llopis-Goig & Llopis-Goig (2006).

TABLE 2 The evolution of racket sports in Spain

% PRACTICE OF RACKET SPORTS 1995 2000 2005

TENNIS 18 13 8.9
TABLE TENNIS 5 3.8 1.8
CASE STUDY

PADEL -- 1.4 2.4

BALL 6.0 3.9 2.7
SQUASH -- 1.9 1.3
BADMINTON -- 0.8 0.5

Source: CIS & CSD (2005), García-Ferrando (2001) & Llopis-Goig & Llopis-Goig (2006).

tennis, table tennis, squash, badminton, fronton, indication of the spread of the sport.
trinquete or frontennis. Data on development in Spain The celebration of the first world championships
over the past ten years of the different types of racket held in Mendoza (Argentina) in 1994, in which the
sports support the interest of our study. As can be US men’s team participated is an indication of the
observed from Table 2, over this period all racket sport’s influence and spread achieved beyond Spain’s
sports lost market share with the exception of padel, borders, particularly in the US and South America.
which increased its share from 1.4% to 2.4% This case studied included an in-depth study, based
between 2000 and 2005. on research findings and personal experience and
Further proof of this growth comes from the supported by interviews, to determine what main
proliferation of public and private sports centres where factors have been involved in the increase in
the sport is played and which saw an increasing popularity of padel. The results include a list of
conversion of tennis courts to padel courts. The factors, set out below, which represent a costless
holding of padel tournaments and leagues, previously marketing campaign principally based on word of
non-existent, over the last few years is further mouth.

40 International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship l OCTOBER 2011 l

SMS13.1 paper 3 Padel pp38-48 KT2 4/11/11 20:14 Page 41

Padel sports clubs in Spain

Reasons for the increase in popularity of padel recently Silva, Hartmann and de Souza Laurino
1. Playing sport is necessary in order to lead a life (2007), Thijs, Van Tiggelen, Willems, De Clercq and
balanced between work and leisure (Lock & Wister, Witvrouw (2007), and Van Zoest, Janssen and Tseng
1992) and padel allows this equilibrium. (2007). For padel, however, no relevant references
2. As the game is played with four players, it brings have been found, probably due to its short history.
people together and enables social encounters, as Investigating factors that weigh against the
discussed by other authors in relation to various expansion of padel we find, besides its sheer
sports (Kruse, 2003; Wheaton, 2007). unfamiliarity, first, the excessive competition that exists
3. The sport has a gentle learning curve - padel is between the different sports categories. This hinders
easily learned at any stage of life - when compared the introduction of new sports because they must
with other racket sports (Brody, 1987); it requires battle to obtain a share of a market already saturated,
less time and effort than other sport to achieve a particularly given the wide variety of racket sports
reasonable level of play. practised. A second opposing factor is the
4. In order to pay you need only suitable attire, entrenchment of sports such as baseball, basketball,
rackets and balls, all of low cost, so it is easily football and soccer, which have all been played by a
accessible to all sectors of the population (see large proportion of the population and over a long
Casper, Gray & Stellino (2007) as applied to period of time. This creates a strong cultural

CASE STUDY
tennis). dependence that is transmitted from parents to
5. The padel racket is versatile and can be used to children (Coakley, 2006; Hoyle & Leff, 1997), that is
play other sports currently practiced around the to say, parents who have practiced a given sport over
world, such as paddle, platform tennis, beach their lifetime are more inclined to encourage their
tennis or any variants thereof. offspring to practice that same sport (Deflandre et al,
6. The longer period of time over which the ball is 2004; Kay, 2006). In principle, this should act as a
kept in play the greater the enjoyment for barrier to entry for padel.
participants. A third negative factor when considering the
7. Many assiduous players interviewed admit that the potential for expansion of padel relates to the influence
sport is captivating and this leads them to play exerted by the business cycle or the general economic
again and again (as per King, 2010). situation at any one time in Canada and the US
8. It is easy to achieve adequate competitive balance (Kaplan, 1998; Mahony & Howard, 2001). As in
(Sanderson, 2002, p. 209; Zimbalist, 2002) other countries, the allocation of financial resources is
between four players. Consequently, a high level of very much conditioned by the state of the economy
entertainment and excitement is guaranteed. (Lera-López & Rapún-Gárate, 2007; Oga, 1998), so
the economic cycles in North America, and their
Limiting factors strong influence upon other countries, can, to a
As well as the positive factors detailed above, we must certain degree, influence the practice of a new type of
consider the observable drawback that is based on sport. Analysis of the actual leverage of this over a
advanced player experience, that there is a greater sport would be the objective of another study.
chance of injury due to the high number of Finally, we emphasise the lack of awareness of and
movements (more hits over a given period of time familiarity with padel throughout the world. As other
than tennis, for example) and the types of movement authors have pointed out, trends and fashions can
(the game is rougher than other racket sports). cause changes in demand for sports and leisure
Relevant studies, applied to tennis, include those by activities (Barlow, 2004, p.141). By way of example,
Kulund, McCue, Rockwell and Gieck (1979) and more in Spain padel is amply referred to in the media, is

l OCTOBER 2011 l International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship 41

SMS13.1 paper 3 Padel pp38-48 KT2 4/11/11 20:14 Page 42

Padel sports clubs in Spain

TABLE 3 Technical data from a survey among managers of padel sports clubs

DATA UNIVERSE 457 SPORTS CLUBS

SAMPLE SIZE 86 CLUBS
SAMPLING ERROR +/- 4.2%
CONFIDENCE LEVEL 95.8%; Z=1.73; K=0.084; P=Q=50%
SAMPLING PROCEDURE BY QUOTA DISTRIBUTING EQUALLY THE SURVEYS THROUGHOUT THE NATIONAL TERRITORY
FIELD WORK DATE JANUARY 2009 THRU MAY 2009 INCLUSIVE

presently in vogue and is established socially. All these ours is the following (Bello, Vázquez & Trespalacios,
aspects would act as a barrier in North American and 1993):
other countries as the sport is neither known nor
popular. This acts on the demand side, as a strong
impediment to its practice, and on the supply side,
CASE STUDY

preventing the opening up of sports centres.

A business plan based on interviews with managers

in Spanish padel sports clubs where:
In Spain, the profitability of sports businesses has
received little attention for primary research. We can, N = sample size
however, mention recent research by Gallardo- Np = data universe
Guerrero, García-Tascón and Burillo-Naranjo (2008), Z = number of units of typical standard deviation in
on the appropriateness of having specific sports normal distribution which will produce the
management software to run sports club operations desired degree of confidence
adequately. For greater economic accuracy, we carried K = error or maximum difference between sampling
out an empirical study via a survey among racket proportion and data universe proportion we are
sports clubs spread across the Spanish territory that prepared to accept
asked for up-to-date information on the utilisation of P = percentage of data universe that possesses the
the padel courts. The results of the technical data characteristics of interest (if this is unknown, it
gathered from this survey are reproduced in Table 3. is convenient to use the most unfavourable
The data was collected from information readily case, namely P=50%)
available on the internet for sports associations for all
Spanish provinces and from journals specialising in Applying the above formula with the data for Z, K and
padel - such as Padel Racket and Padel Magazine. of P shown in the technical data (see Table 3) gives us a
the results come from 457 sports clubs that have a result for the sample size equal to 86.22. After
minimum of one padel court and that allow players to rounding, 86 is the value we used to carry out our
pay a rental fee for the court or to take lessons. surveys on use and prices of padel courts in sports
The formula to calculate the sample size from a centres across Spain.
finite universe (equal or less than 100,000) such as

42 International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship l OCTOBER 2011 l

SMS13.1 paper 3 Padel pp38-48 KT2 4/11/11 20:14 Page 43

Padel sports clubs in Spain

The results have been integrated in a business plan, Expenses prior to start-up of operations (euros):
using the average values given by the 86 managers 3,000+120,000+200,000+6,000= 329,000
who participated in the study. It must be noted that
this data refers to factual values as opposed to a pro For operational expenses we highlight the following:
forma statement, the latter being the norm for a We assume one person will be hired to manage the
traditional business plan (Góngora, 2005, p.13). general administration of the club, tend the cafeteria
However, these results were obtained during a period and take care of equipment sales as well as perform
of strong economic activity in Spain, so an optimistic maintenance duties on the courts and grounds.
bias is to be expected. Additionally, one person will be contracted full time to
For our business plan we proposed the creation of a give classes. In cases of an excess in demand, another
sports centre, by renting the land, and the installation person will be contracted part-time, to be paid by the
of four padel courts, changing rooms, a social hour. The total cost of the venture will be
clubhouse and a cafeteria/bar. As a guideline we used approximately €3,500 per month, including social
the five dimensions for entrepreneurship activity as security taxes.
outlined in Terjesen & Argue (2010).
The start-up expenses prior to the opening of the 1. Rental of the land is €1,200 per month.
club are listed below: 2. Supplies (rackets, balls etc.) we estimate at €100

CASE STUDY
per month.
1. Incorporation of the company to manage the club. 3. Maintenance of courts (artificial turf, sand, nets,
We estimated 3,000 euros (€). etc.) is estimated at €100 per month.
2. Land purchase or rental. We leant towards renting 4. Electricity, telephone, water expenses and
the land and estimated a monthly outlay of insurance are estimated to be €250 per month.
€1,200. This expense will be included as an 5. Outsourcing agency fees are estimated at €50 per
operating expense of the business. month.
3. Construction of the courts, clubhouse, changing 6. If our initial investment of €329,000 is financed
rooms and cafeteria/bar. We sourced figures from by a €350,000 bank loan, payable over 20 years,
different builders specialised in padel courts. The interest amounts to €2,306 per month, (this was
average construction cost of a court with lights and based on a 5% interest rate).
properly finished with plexiglass was in the order
of €30,000. Hence, the cost for four courts Total operational expenses in euros (excluding
allowed is €12,0000. The building costs for the interest expenses) are:
clubhouse, cafeteria and changing rooms were 3,500+1,200+100+100+250+50 = 5,200
approximately €200,000, subject to modification A forecast of revenues derived from renting the courts
depending on the quality of the finish.. is shown in Table 4.
4. Cost of furniture and computer systems were, Our results show that the padel sports centre is
estimated at around €6,000. profitable from an economic point of view, even during
as the months of November, December, January and
The aggregate expense prior to start-up of operations February, when a smaller turnout of clients is to be
was calculated by adding up the costs outlined above expected. Profits increase progressively and peak
(except rent, which is included as an operational during the months of June, July and August, thereby
expense, resulting in the following: generating high profitability to the investor. Financial
results will depend heavily on the entrepreneurial
ability of the club manager and success of the clubs

l OCTOBER 2011 l International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship 43

SMS13.1 paper 3 Padel pp38-48 KT2 4/11/11 20:14 Page 44

Padel sports clubs in Spain

TABLE 4 Forecast of revenues (euros) from rental of courts

J F M A M J J A S O N D
HOURS COURT OCCUPIED PER DAY 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 10 9 7 6 6

TOTAL HOURS PER DAY

(4 COURTS) 20 24 28 28 32 36 40 40 36 28 24 24
PRICE/HOUR 10 10 10 10 10 12 12 12 10 10 10 10

TOTAL MONTHLY (30 DAYS) REVENUES

RENTAL OF COURTS 6,000 7,200 8,400 8,400 9,600 12,960 14,400 14,400 10,800 8,400 7,200 7,200

TABLE 5 Forecast of revenues (euros) from lessons

J F M A M J J A S O N D
MONTHLY HOURS OF LESSONS 35 35 45 70 80 90 120 120 100 70 35 35
PRICE PER HOUR 20 20 20 20 20 25 25 25 25 20 20 20
CASE STUDY

TOTAL REVENUES FROM LESSONS 700 700 900 1 400 1 600 2 250 3 000 3 000 2 500 1 400 700 700

TABLE 6 Other revenues (euros)

RACKET SALES OF SALES OF SALES OF ORGANIZATION OF EQUIPMENT CLIENT

SALES OF BALLS CLOTHING REFRESHMENTS TOURNAMENTS RENTAL FEDERATION
AVERAGE MONTHLY REVENUES 150 300 150 150 200 20 15

TABLE 7 Total monthly revenues (euros).

J F M A M J J A S O N D
TOTAL MONTHLY REVENUES 7 685 8 885 10 285 10 785 12 185 16 195 18 385 18 385 14 285 10 785 8 885 8 885

TABLE 8 Income statement (euros) of the sports centre

J F M A M J J A S O N D
TOTAL REVENUES 7 685 8 885 10 285 10 785 12 185 16 195 18 385 18 385 14 285 10 785 8 885 8 885
OPERATING EXPENSES 5 200 5 200 5 200 5 200 5 200 5 200 5 200 5 200 5 200 5 200 5 200 5 200
OPERATING INCOME 2 485 3 685 5 085 5 585 6 985 10 995 13 185 13 185 9 085 5 585 3 685 3 685
INTEREST EXPENSE 2 306 2 306 2 306 2 306 2 306 2 306 2 306 2 306 2 306 2 306 2 306 2 306
NET INCOME 179 1 379 2 779 3 279 4 679 8 689 10 879 10 879 6 779 3 279 1 379 1 379

44 International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship l OCTOBER 2011 l

SMS13.1 paper 3 Padel pp38-48 KT2 4/11/11 20:14 Page 45

Padel sports clubs in Spain

will be influenced by the level of complementary We also point to one of the greatest advantages of
services offered and the acumen of the business practising sport in general, namely achieving a greater
directors (Mischler, et al, 2009). Overall, given the level of overall health and well-being, improved
positive outcome for the Spanish case study we found physical-psychological equilibrium and, without doubt,
it expedient to focus on padel´s potential beyond an overall higher quality of life (Kerr, Norman, Sallis &
Spanish borders. Patrick, 2008; Wigger, 2001).
Finally, marketing strategies for the introduction and
spread of padel at international level would be based
Global marketing strategies for padel on the following bi-dimensional approach: we consider
that it would be crucial that the role of ‘ambassador’
Through data presented by the United States Padel be taken by someone well known in the world of
Association (USPA, 2008) and electronic sports sports, politics or some other field, to inspire others
magazines (Sierra, 2008), we observed the existence and trigger participation in the population at large.
of other racket sports similar to padel, such as paddle This would be complemented by and coordinated with
or platform tennis, in the US. The above sources state a gradual and progressive introduction, limited initially
that padel is currently played in only two US cities - to those areas considered to more likely to be
Houston (Texas) and Chatanooga (Tennessee), where receptive to the sport (for example, in North America,

CASE STUDY
it is played in a very specific setting, namely in private this would be the cities in the southern states).
and social sports clubs (May, 2008).
In Canada, the Paddle Association of Canada (PAC)
disclosed that Canada had 3 courts and more under Conclusion
development (PAC, 2008, p.1). The first paddle court
was built in mid-1992 inside a Calgary warehouse In closing, we must emphasise a few points about the
and operated for nearly one year. The court was used results of our study. Our first objective was to classify
to attract some of Calgary’s top tennis and squash padel as a racket sport and to delve into its origins. A
players, many of whom still play the game today. In theoretical framework was established, encompassing
May 1993, the first paddle team representing Canada the principal authors who have studied sport and
internationally played the Corcuera Cup in Acapulco, specifically those who have focused on racket sports.
Mexico (see About Paddle in PAC, 2008, pa. 2). This established the context for our empirical study.
The general objective of padel associations (see We presented the principal factors that brought about
appendix), and particularly that of USPA and PAC, is an increase in demand for padel at international level
to promote and spread the practice of padel and by focusing on Spain analysed the economic
throughout North America. The world championships viability of padel sports centres.
held in Calgary, Canada, in August 2008 probably Certain questions then arose: could the results
contributed to the exposure of the sport and its spread obtained in the Spanish case study be extrapolated to
throughout the American continent. other regions? Would demand for padel exist in these
Efforts towards expansion by the associations will be countries? Would the practice of this sport spread
reinforced by those same factors that enabled the beyond Spain? Could the same level of profitability be
sport to flourish in small clubs in Spain - it is easy to achieved elsewhere as in the Spanish case study?
learn and requires minimal investment in terms of In an attempt to answer the above questions we
time and money, provides a high degree of enjoyment, analysed economic, cultural, social and public health
increases social interaction for the players and the is factors that could indicated the potential for the
played with equipment that is relatively low cost international expansion of padel. We then presented

l OCTOBER 2011 l International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship 45

SMS13.1 paper 3 Padel pp38-48 KT2 4/11/11 20:14 Page 46

Padel sports clubs in Spain

those elements which, in our judgment, work both in CIS & CSD (2005) Survey of the sports habits of Spanish people.
[Study 2599 of the Sociological Research Centre (CIS) and
favour and against the spread of the sport. The various Superior Sport Centre (CSD)]. Madrid: Publications Centre, CIS.
forces at play, and the local environment, will be
determining factors affecting the success of the Coakley, J. (2006) The good father: parental expectations and
youth sports. Leisure Studies 25, 153-163. Retrieved from:
introduction and expansion of padel. Scopus.
By focusing on padel in Spain we have been able to
present positive results obtained for both an Correa, D. & Correa, G. (2006) El libro del padel. Retrieved 22
June 2008 from:http://www.padeltotal.net/libro/padel01.pdf
entertainment and a business point of view. Sports
managers and authorities throughout the world would Deflandre, A., Lorant, J. & Falgairette, G. (2004) Socialisation
do well to stay abreast developments in this sportive, le role des parents, de la fratrie, des amis et des
educateurs (Sport socialisation, the role of parents, siblings,
burgeoning sport and become open to formulating ad- friends and teachers). AVANTE, 10(1), 16-26. Retrieved from:
hoc padel marketing strategies. SPORTDiscus database.
Gallardo-Guerrero, L., García-Tascón, M. & Burillo-Naranjo, P.
© 2011 International Marketing Reports
(2008) New sports management software: a needs analysis by a
panel of Spanish experts. International Journal of Information
Management, 28, 235-245. Retrieved from: ScienceDirect.
CASE STUDY

García-Ferrando, M. (2001) Los españoles y el deporte:

Biography prácticas y comportamientos en la última década del siglo XX.
Madrid: Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte & CSD.
Mercedes Rodriguez-Fernandez is a professor at the Góngora (2005) Gestión y dirección de clubes de padel. Málaga:
University of Malaga and has been teaching economy Andalusian Sport Institute.
and businesses administration since 1993. Her main
Hernández-Vázquez, M. (1997) Seminary of design and new
research interests are in tourism, sport management games. Sport and Racket Games Workshop. Málaga: Andalusian
and work organisation. She has written numerous Sport Institute.
papers on tourist management and human resources
Hoyle, R. H. & Leff, S. S. (1997) The role of parental involvement
and has lectured extensively around the world. in youth sport participation and performance. Adolescence, 32
(125), 232-243. Retrieved from: SCOPUS database.
International Padel Federation (2008). Retrieved 24 July 2008
from:http://www.padelfip.com/federaciones.html
References
Kaplan, D. (1998) Is sports business recession-proof? Talk of a
downturn prompts debate. Street & Smith’s Sports Business
Barlow, G. (2004) Supply and demand. In U. Mc-Mahon-Beattie Journal, 1, 1. Retrieved from: www.scopus.com
& I. Yeoman (eds.), Sport and Leisure Operations
Management,139-153. London: Thomson. Kay, T. (2006) Where’s dad? Fatherhood in leisure studies.
Leisure Studies, 25 (2), 133-152. Retrieved from: SCOPUS
Bello, L., Vázquez, R. & Trespalacios, J.A. (1993) Investigación database.
de mercados y estrategias de marketing. Madrid: Civitas.
Kerr, J., Norman, G., Sallis, J. & Patrick, K. (2008) Exercise
Brody, H. (1987) Tennis science for tennis players. Philadelphia: aids, neighborhood safety and physical activity in adolescents
University of Pennsylvania Press. and parents. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 40 (7),
1244-1248. Retrieved from: SPORTDiscus database.
Casper, J.M., Gray, D.P. & Stellino, M.B. (2007) A sport
commitment model perspective on adult tennis players´ King, B. (2010) What makes fans crazy about sports? Street &
participation frequency and purchase intention. Sport Smith’s Sportsbusiness Journal, 13, 1. Retrieved from:
Management Review, 10 (3), 253-278. SPORTDiscus database.

46 International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship l OCTOBER 2011 l

SMS13.1 paper 3 Padel pp38-48 KT2 4/11/11 20:14 Page 47

Padel sports clubs in Spain

Kruse, H. (2003) Social interaction, the arrangement of interior Sanderson, A. R. (2002) The many dimensions of competitive
space and racetrack renovation. Journal of Sport and Social balance. Journal of Sports Economics, 3, 204-227.
Issues, 27 (11), 330-345. Retrieved 21 April 2008 from:
Sierra, M. (2008) Interview of Mike May. PadelMarca. Retrieved
SPORTDiscus database.
22 February 2008 from:
Kulund, D.N., Mc Cue, F. C., Rockwell, D. A. & Gieck, J.H. http://www.marca.com/padel/entrevistas/2008/mike_may/mike.html
(1979) Tennis injuries: prevention and treatment: a review. The
Silva, R., Hartmann, L. & de Souza Laurino, C. (2007) Stress
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 7, 249-253.
reaction of the humerus in tennis players. British Journal of
Lera-Lo_pez, F. & Rapu_n-Ga_rate, M. (2007) The demand for Sports Medicine, 41 (11), 824-826. Retrieved 21 April 2008
sport: sports consumption and participation models. Journal of from: SPORTDiscus database.
Sport Management, 21 (1), 103-122. Retrieved from SCOPUS
Spanish Padel Federation (2008) Retrieved 24 July 2008 from:
database.
http://www.padelfederacion.es/Paginas/ClubesFed/Links.aspx
Llopis-Goig, R. & Llopis-Goig, D. (2006) Racquet sports in
Terjesen, S. & Argue, E. (2010) Run happy: entrepreneurship at
Spain. IV World Congress of Science and Racquet Sports.
Brooks Sports. International Journal of Sport Management &
Congresses Collection 2. Madrid: Alto Rendimiento.
Marketing, 7(1/2). Retrieved from: SPORTDiscus database.
Lock, J.Q. & Wister, A.V. (1992) Intentions and changes in
Thijs, Y., Van Tiggelen, D., Willems, T., De Clercq, D. &
exercise and behaviours: a lifestyle perspective. Health
Witvrouw, E. (2007) Relationship between hip strength and
Promotion International, 7(3), 195-207. Retrieved from:
frontal plane posture of the knee during a forward lunge. British
SCOPUS database.
Journal of Sports Medicine, 41 (11), 723-727. Retrieved 21

CASE STUDY
Mahony, D. F. & Howard, D. R. (2001) Sport business in the April 2008 from: SPORTDiscus database.
next decade: a general overview of expected trends. Journal of
USPA (2008) United States Padel Association. Retrieved 22
Sport Management, 15 (4), 275-296.
June 2008 from: http://www.usapadel.com/about.html
May, M. (2008) United States Padel Association. Retrieved 26
Van Zoest, W., Janssen, R. & Tseng, C. (2007) An uncommon
January 2008 from: http://www.usapadel.com/about.html.
ankle sprain. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41 (11), 849-
Mischler, S., Bauger, P., Pichot, L., & Wipf, E. (2009) Private 850. Retrieved 21 April 2008 from: SPORTDiscus database.
fitness centres in France: from organisational and market
Wheaton, B. (2007) After sport culture: rethinking sport and
characteristics to micromentalities of the managers. International
post-subcultural theory. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 31(8),
Journal of Sport Management & Marketing, 5 (4). Retrieved
283-307. Retrieved 21 April 2008 from: SPORTDiscus database.
from: SPORTDiscus database.
Wigger, U. (2001) Exercise and youth: physical activity, sport
Oga, J. (1998) Business fluctuation and the sport industry in
involvemen, and development. European Journal of Sport
Japan: an analysis of the sport industry from 1986 to 1993.
Science, 1(3). Retrieved from: SPORTDiscus database.
Journal of Sport Management, 12(1), 63-75. Retrieved from:
SCOPUS database. Zimbalist, A. (2002). Competitive balance in sports leagues: aAn
introduction, Journal of Sports Economics, 3(2), 111-121.
Paddle Association of Canada (PAC) (2008) About the history of
paddle. Retrieved 22 July 2008 from: (2008worldpaddle, 2008) Paddle in Canada. Retrieved 11
http://www.paddlecanada.net/about_paddle.html. August 2008 from: http://www.2008worldpaddle.com/paddle-in-
canada.cfm

l OCTOBER 2011 l International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship 47

SMS13.1 paper 3 Padel pp38-48 KT2 4/11/11 20:14 Page 48

Padel sports clubs in Spain

Appendix

International padel federations and associations

Italy
Spain
Federazione Italiana Gioco Paddle (FIGP)
International Padel Federation (FIP)
http://www.paddleitalia.it/
http://www.padelfip.com
Mexico
Spanish Padel Federation (FEP)
Federación Mexicana de Padel AC (FE.ME.PA.)
http://www.padelfederacion.es
[email protected]
Argentina
http://www.femepa.com.mx/
Asociación de Pádel Argentino (APA)
Paraguay
http://www.padel.org.ar
Federación Paraguaya de Padel
Asociación Civil de Clubs de Pádel
[email protected] ; [email protected]
CASE STUDY

http://www.padelaccp.com.ar
Portugal
Austria: Austrian Paddle Association
Associaçao Portuguesa de Padel
http://www.paddle.at/
http://www.padelapp.com/
Belgium
Sweden
Fédération Belge de Paddle
[email protected]
http://www.padelbelgium.com/
[email protected]
Brazil
Switzerland
Confederaçao Brasileira de Padel
Swiss Padel Association
http://www.cbpadel.com.br/
Uruguay
Canada
Asociación Amigos del Padel de Uruguay A.A.P.
Paddle Association of Canada
[email protected]
http://www.paddlecanada.net/
USA
Chile
The United States Padel Association (USPA) (previously known
Padel Chile LTDA
as American Paddle Association)
http://www.padelchile.cl/
[email protected]
France
http://www.usapaddle.com/
Fédération Française de Padel (FFP)
http://ffpadel.free.fr/
Holland
Nederlanse Padel Sport Federatie (NPSF)
[email protected]

48 International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship l OCTOBER 2011 l

Copyright of International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship is the property of International
Marketing Reports Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv
without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email
articles for individual use.

View publication stats