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Reciprocating Electric Motor - Wikipedia

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31 views11 pages

Reciprocating Electric Motor - Wikipedia

Uploaded by

adnanannoor
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Reciprocating

electric motor

A reciprocating electric motor is a motor in which the armature moves


back and forth rather than circularly. Early electric motors were sometimes of
the reciprocating type, such as those made by Daniel Davis in the 1840s.[1]
Today, reciprocating electric motors are rare but they do have some niche
applications, e.g. in linear compressors for cryogenics[2][3] and as
educational toys.[4]

Egger-Elektromotor, circa 1880, at


Technisches Museum Wien
History
Daniel Davis[5] was an early maker of reciprocating electric motors.[6]

As can be seen in these examples, early motors of this type often followed
the general layout of the steam engines of the day, simply replacing the
piston-and-cylinder with an electromagnetic solenoid.

Page's reciprocating electric


engine 1844
Grüel elektromotor, 1873

Bourbouce's electric engine,


1881

Design
:
A reciprocating electric motor uses an alternating
magnetic field to move its armature back and forth,
rather than circularly as in a conventional electric
motor. A single field coil may be placed at one end
of the armature's possible movement, or a field coil
may be used at each end.

The armature may be a permanent magnet, in which


case the coil or coils can exert both repulsive and
attractive force on the armature. If there are two
coils, they will be wound and connected so that
their like poles face each other, so that when (for
example) the poles facing the armature are both
negative, one pole will attract the armature's south
pole while the other will repel its north pole. When
the armature reaches the extreme of its movement, reciprocating electric motor
with permanent magnet as
polarity to the coils is reversed.
armature. The coil is used here
to repulse and attract the
The armature may instead be made of armature.
ferromagnetic material, as in an electromagnetic
solenoid. In this case the current in the coils will
alternate between on and off, rather than between
polarities. A single-coil motor with a non-magnetic
armature would require a spring or some other
"return" mechanism to move the armature away
from the coil upon completion of the "attract" cycle.
An "interrupter"-style electromechanical buzzer
operates on this same principle. A dual-coil motor
would alternately energize the two coils. Where the
motor is adapted to produce rotary motion, the
return mechanism consists of a crankshaft and
flywheel.

This is an extremely simple motor, such that


demonstration models may be easily constructed reciprocating electric motor
for teaching purposes.[4] As a practical motor it has with a ferromagnetic armature.
The coil is used here to attract
several disadvantages. Magnetic field strength the armature.
drops off rapidly with increasing distance. In the
reciprocating electric motor the distance between
armature and field coil must necessarily increase considerably over its
:
minimum value; this reduces the motor's output power and starting force.
Vibration is also an issue.

Applications

Linear compressors
A design for a linear compressor of this type has been produced by the
Cryogenic Engineering Group at the University of Oxford.[7][8]

Pumps
See Plunger pump

Electric shavers
Some electric shavers use reciprocating motors.[9]

Toys
:
Educational toys can be built as DIY projects.[4] Some of them have even
been patented (for e.g. one in 1929,[10] another in 1963[11]).

Figure 1 of Patent US1721447 -


Reciprocating electric motor that
simulates a steam engine

Figure 1 of Patent US3105162


:
See also

Wikimedia Commons has media


related to Reciprocating
electric motor.
Reciprocating engine

References

1. "Motors" (http://www.sparkm
useum.com/MOTORS.HTM) .
sparkmuseum.com. Retrieved
30 March 2015.
2. "Preprint valved linear
compressor" (http://www.eng
.ox.ac.uk/cryogenics/publicati
ons/abstracts/Preprint_Valve
:
ons/abstracts/Preprint_Valve
dComp.pdf/view) . ox.ac.uk.
Retrieved 30 March 2015.
3. "ABSTRACT" (http://www.hy
matic.co.uk/stirling.cryocoole
r.tp1.htm) . hymatic.co.uk.
Retrieved 30 March 2015.
4. "WONDERMAGNET.COM –
NdFeB Magnets, Magnet
Wire, Books, Weird Science,
Needful Things" (http://www.
wondermagnet.com/recipmot
or.html) .
wondermagnet.com.
Retrieved on 31 March 2015.
5. "Daniel Davis – PHS" (http://w
ww.princetonmahistory.org/p
:
eople-groups/residents/danie
l-davis) .
princetonmahistory.org.
Retrieved 31 March 2015.
6. "Reciprocating Armature
Engine" (http://physics.kenyo
n.edu/EarlyApparatus/Daniel_
Davis_Apparatus/Reciprocati
ng_Armature_Engine/Recipro
cating_Armature_Engine.html
) . kenyon.edu. Retrieved
31 March 2015.
7. "Preprint valved linear
compressor" (http://www.eng
.ox.ac.uk/cryogenics/publicati
ons/abstracts/Preprint_Valve
dComp.pdf/view) . ox.ac.uk.
Retrieved 31 March 2015.
:
Retrieved 31 March 2015.
8. "ABSTRACT" (http://www.hy
matic.co.uk/stirling.cryocoole
r.tp1.htm) . hymatic.co.uk.
Retrieved 31 March 2015.
9. "BBC Bitesize – GCSE
Product Design – How does
an electric shaver work?" (htt
ps://www.bbc.co.uk/educatio
n/clips/zvnw2hv) . bbc.co.uk.
Retrieved 30 March 2015.
10. Patent US1721447 (https://pa
tents.google.com/patent/US1
721447)
11. Patent US3105162 (https://pa
tents.google.com/patent/US3
105162)
:
Retrieved from
"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php
?
title=Reciprocating_electric_motor&ol
did=1227948664"

This page was last edited on 8 June


2024, at 17:18 (UTC). •
Content is available under CC BY-SA
4.0 unless otherwise noted.
:

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