Topic 2 Paper 1 Revision HL [65

marks]

1. A sports car is accelerated from 0 to 100 km per hour in 3 s. What is the [1 mark]
acceleration of the car?
A. 0.1 g
B. 0.3 g
C. 0.9 g
D. 3 g

Markscheme
C

Examiners report
Response D was the most common (but incorrect) response, with candidates
neglecting to convert km/h to m/s.

2. A girl throws an object horizontally at time t = 0. Air resistance can be [1 mark]

ignored. At t = 0.50 s the object travels horizontally a distance x in
metres while it falls vertically through a distance y in metres.
What is the initial velocity of the object and the vertical distance fallen at t = 1.0
s?
 Markscheme
D

Examiners report
The correct response (D) was the most common selection by a minority of
candidates, with incorrect responses being roughly equally distributed among
the remaining options. This question has one of the highest discrimination
indexes.

3. A waiter carrying a tray is accelerating to the right as shown in the image.[1 mark]
What is the free-body diagram of the forces acting on the tray?

Markscheme
D
 Examiners report
Response D was the most common response, with the free-body diagram in
response A providing a significant distractor for roughly a third of candidates.
Most candidates recognized that the only upward vector would be one
perpendicular to the tray.

4. A boy throws a ball horizontally at a speed of 15 m s-1 from the top of a [1 mark]
cliff that is 80 m above the surface of the sea. Air resistance is negligible.
What is the distance from the bottom of the cliff to the point where the ball lands
in the sea?
A. 45 m
B. 60 m
C. 80 m
D. 240 m

Markscheme
B

Examiners report
[N/A]

5. A book is at rest on a table. What is a pair of action–reaction forces for [1 mark]

this situation according to Newton’s third law of motion?
 Markscheme
C

Examiners report
[N/A]

6. The graph shows the variation of momentum with time for an object. [1 mark]

What net force acts on the object for the first 2.0 s and for the second 2.0 s of the
motion?

Markscheme
A

Examiners report
[N/A]
7. A projectile is fired at an angle to the horizontal. The path of the projectile [1 mark]
is shown.

Which gives the magnitude of the horizontal component and the magnitude of
the vertical component of the velocity of the projectile between O and P?

Markscheme
A

Examiners report
[N/A]

8. A mass m attached to a string of length R moves in a vertical circle with a [1 mark]

constant speed. The tension in the string at the top of the circle is T. What
is the kinetic energy of the mass at the top of the circle?

R(T +mg)
A. 2
R(T −mg)
B. 2
R mg
C. 2
R(2T +mg)
D. 2
 Markscheme
A

Examiners report
[N/A]

9. Three forces act at a point. In which diagram is the point in equilibrium? [1 mark]

Markscheme
B

Examiners report
[N/A]
10. A parachutist of total mass 70 kg is falling vertically through the air at a [1 mark]
constant speed of 8 m s–1.
What is the total upward force acting on the parachutist?
A. 0N
B. 70 N
C. 560 N
D. 700 N

Markscheme
D

Examiners report
[N/A]

11. A stopper of mass 8 g leaves the opening of a container that contains [1 mark]
pressurized gas.The stopper accelerates from rest for a time of 16 ms and
leaves the container at a speed of 20 m s–1.
What is the order of magnitude of the force acting on the stopper?
A. 10–3 N
B. 100 N
C. 101 N
D. 103 N

Markscheme
C

Examiners report
[N/A]
12. A ball starts from rest and moves horizontally. Six positions of the ball are [1 mark]
shown at time intervals of 1.0 ms. The horizontal distance between X, the
initial position, and Y, the final position, is 0.050 m.

What is the average acceleration of the ball between X and Y?

A. 2000 m s–2
B. 4000 m s–2
C. 5000 m s–2
D. 8000 m s–2

Markscheme
B

Examiners report
[N/A]

13. A ball of mass m collides with a vertical wall with an initial horizontal [1 mark]
speed u and rebounds with a horizontal speed v. The graph shows the
variation of the speed of the ball with time.

What is the magnitude of the mean net force on the ball during the collision?
m(u−v)
A.
(t2+t1)
m(u−v)
B.
(t2−t1)
m(u+v)
C.
(t2+t1)
m(u+v)
D.
(t2−t1)
 Markscheme
D

Examiners report
[N/A]

14. A sunbather is supported in water by a floating sun bed. Which diagram [1 mark]
represents the magnitudes of the forces acting on the sun bed?

Markscheme
D

Examiners report
[N/A]

15. A toy car of mass 0.15 kg accelerates from a speed of 10 cm s–1 to a [1 mark]
speed of 15 cm s–1. What is the impulse acting on the car?
A. 7.5 mN s
B. 37.5 mN s
C. 0.75 N s
D. 3.75 N s
 Markscheme
A

Examiners report
[N/A]

16. The graph shows the variation of the acceleration a of an object with time [1 mark]
t.

What is the change in speed of the object shown by the graph?

A. 0.5 m s–1
B. 2.0 m s–1
C. 36 m s–1
D. 72 m s–1

Markscheme
C

Examiners report
[N/A]
17. A horizontal spring of spring constant k and negligible mass is [1 mark]
compressed through a distance y from its equilibrium length. An object of
mass m that moves on a frictionless surface is placed at the end of the spring. The
spring is released and returns to its equilibrium length.

What is the speed of the object just after it leaves the spring?

A. y√ m
k

B. y√ m
k
k
C. ym
D. ym
k

Markscheme
A

Examiners report
[N/A]

18. A cyclist accelerates in a straight line. At one instant, when the cyclist is [1 mark]
exerting a forward force of 40 N, the air resistance acting on the cyclist is
10 N.
What is the rate of change of momentum of the cyclist at this instant?
A. 10 kg m s–2
B. 30 kg m s–2
C. 40 kg m s–2
D. 50 kg m s–2
 Markscheme
B

Examiners report
[N/A]

19. A block of weight W is suspended by two strings of equal length. The [1 mark]
strings are almost horizontal.

What is correct about the tension T in one string?

W
A. T< 2
W
B. T= 2

C. W
2 <T ⩽W
D. T >W

Markscheme
D

Examiners report
[N/A]
20. A block of mass 1.0 kg rests on a trolley of mass 4.0 kg. The coefficient of [1 mark]
dynamic friction between the block and the trolley is 0.30.

A horizontal force F = 5.0 N acts on the block. The block slides over the trolley.
What is the acceleration of the trolley?
A. 5.0 m s–2
B. 1.0 m s–2
C. 0.75 m s–2
D. 0.60 m s–2

Markscheme
C

Examiners report
[N/A]

21. A stationary nucleus of polonium-210 undergoes alpha decay to form [1 mark]

lead-206. The initial speed of the alpha particle is v. What is the speed of
the lead-206 nucleus?
A. 206
4
v
B. v
C. 206
210
v
4
D. 206 v

Markscheme
D

Examiners report
[N/A]
22. A student draws a graph to show the variation with time t of the [1 mark]
acceleration a of an object.

What can the student deduce from this graph only, and what quantity from the
graph is used to make this deduction?

Markscheme
B

Examiners report
[N/A]
23. A mass is suspended from the ceiling of a train carriage by a string. The [4 marks]
string makes an angle θ with the vertical when the train is accelerating
along a straight horizontal track.

What is the acceleration of the train?

A. g sin θ
B. g cos θ
C. g tan θ
g
D. tan
θ

Markscheme
C

Examiners report
[N/A]

24. An object of mass 2kg is thrown vertically downwards with an initial [1 mark]
kinetic energy of 100J. What is the distance fallen by the object at the
instant when its kinetic energy has doubled?
A. 2.5m
B. 5.0m
C. 10m
D. 14m

Markscheme
B

Examiners report
[N/A]
25. An object is dropped from rest. Air resistance is not negligible. What is [1 mark]
the acceleration of the object at the start of the motion?
A. Zero
B. Increasing
C. Decreasing
D. Constant

Markscheme
C

Examiners report
The clear statement that “air resistance is not negligible” indicates that the
object has been released (otherwise it would be redundant), so C is the only
possible answer.

26. A student throws a stone with velocity v at an angle θ to the vertical from [1 mark]
the surface of a lake. Air resistance can be ignored. The acceleration due
to gravity is g .

What is the time taken for the stone to hit the surface of the lake?
A. v sin θ
g
v cos θ
B. g
2v sin θ
C. g
2v cos θ
D. g

Markscheme
D
 Examiners report
Clearly when θ = 90∘ , t = 0, so A and C must be incorrect. The relevant
equation of motion relating s, v, a, t includes 12 , so D must be the correct
response.

27. A tennis ball is dropped from the top of a tall building. Air resistance is [1 mark]
not negligible. Which graph shows the variation with time t of the
displacement s of the ball?

Markscheme
A

Examiners report
[N/A]
28. A ball is thrown from point X and follows path XYZ. Air resistance is [1 mark]
negligible.

Which quantity is zero when the ball is at the highest point Y of the path?
A. The horizontal component of the ball’s acceleration
B. The vertical component of the ball’s acceleration
C. The horizontal component of the ball’s velocity
D. The kinetic energy of the ball

Markscheme
A

Examiners report
[N/A]

29. Two isolated spherical planets have the same gravitational potential at [1 mark]
their surfaces. Which ratio must also be the same for the two planets?
radius 3
A. mass
radius 2
B. mass

C. radius
mass
D. radius

Markscheme
C
 Examiners report
[N/A]

30. Which statement applies to an object in translational equilibrium? [1 mark]

A. The object must be stationary.
B. The object must be moving with constant acceleration.
C. The resultant force acting on the object must be zero.
D. There must be no external forces acting on the object.

Markscheme
C

Examiners report
[N/A]

31. The horizontal component vh and the vertical component vv of velocity of [1 mark]
an object are shown on the graphs. Air resistance is negligible.

These graphs could represent the motion of an object fired from a cliff
A. vertically upwards.
B. at an angle above the horizontal.
C. horizontally.
D. at an angle below the horizontal.
Markscheme
B

Examiners report
[N/A]
32. A girl is standing on a moving skateboard. She pushes backwards on the [1 mark]
ground at intervals as shown on the graph.

How much kinetic energy is gained by the girl during the period represented on
the graph? Frictional forces are negligible.
A. 200 J
B. 400 J
C. 600 J
D. 1200 J

Markscheme
C

Examiners report
[N/A]
33. The diagram shows the trajectory of an object projected in the absence of [1 mark]
air resistance.

The object is then projected with the same initial conditions but air resistance is
taken into account. Which of the following is the trajectory when air resistance is
taken into account? The original trajectory is shown as a dotted line.

Markscheme
B
 Examiners report
[N/A]

34. Which of the following is a condition for an object to be in translational [1 mark]

equilibrium?
A. The object must be moving at constant speed.
B. The velocity of the object in any direction must be zero.
C. The forces acting horizontally on the object must equal the forces acting
vertically on the object.
D. The resultant force acting on the object must be zero.

Markscheme
D

Examiners report
[N/A]
35. The resultant force acting on an object of mass 5.0kg varies with time as [1 mark]
shown. The object is initially at rest.

What is the speed of the object after 1.0 s?

A. 0.50ms–1
B. 1.0ms–1
C. 1.5ms–1
D. 2.0ms–1

Markscheme
C

Examiners report
[N/A]
36. A ball of mass m is projected horizontally with speed v from a height h [1 mark]
above the floor. Air resistance is negligible.

The horizontal distance travelled by the ball to the point where it lands on the
floor depends on
A. m and h only.
B. m and v only.
C. h and v only.
D. m , h and v.

Markscheme
C

Examiners report
[N/A]
37. A truck is pulled up an inclined plane at constant speed by an electric [1 mark]
motor. The gain in potential energy of the truck is 48 kJ. The efficiency of
the electric motor is 23 .

How much energy is dissipated in pulling the truck up the plane?

A. 16 kJ
B. 24 kJ
C. 32 kJ
D. 64 kJ

Markscheme
B

Examiners report
Candidates should understand technical language such as ‘dissipated’ even if
they are working in a second language.

38. A projectile is fired from level ground with speed v at an angle θ to the [1 mark]
ground. Ignoring air resistance, which of the following is a correct
expression for the maximum height reached by the projectile?
2sin2
A. v 2g θ
2cos 2
B. v 2g θ

C. v sin
g
θ

cos
D. v g θ

Markscheme
A

Examiners report
This is a perfect example of a question that can be ‘seen’ without any
calculation. If θ is zero the height will be zero – so it is either A or C. From
consideration of the units, C gives a time (in seconds) so must be discounted.
39. A ball is thrown from the top of a cliff. The initial magnitude of the [1 mark]
velocity of the ball at time t=0 is V. The ball hits the sea at time t=T. Air
resistance is negligible.

Which graph shows how the vertical component of the velocity v of the ball
varies with t as it falls to the sea?
 Markscheme
D

Examiners report
Although the ball is launched with a velocity of V, the question refers to the vertical component. Therefore, the initial velocity

in the vertical direction must be less than this value. Many candidates failed to pick up on this point.

40. Two identical balls are dropped from a tall building, one a few seconds [1 mark]
after the other. Air resistance is not negligible. As the balls fall, the
distance between the balls will
A. decrease.
B. increase.
C. increase then remain constant.
D. remain constant.

Markscheme
C

Examiners report
[N/A]
41. A ball of mass m is thrown horizontally from a cliff with initial velocity u. [1 mark]
Air resistance is negligible.

A change in which of the following will affect the horizontal distance travelled?
A. m only
B. u only
C. both m and u
D. neither m nor u

Markscheme
B

Examiners report
[N/A]

42. Which of the following is always true for an object moving in a straight [1 mark]
line at constant speed?
A. No forces act on the object.
B. No resultant force acts on the object.
C. The momentum of the object is zero.
D. No work is being done on the object.

Markscheme
B
 Examiners report
No work is done only if there are no forces on the object. So clearly the only
possible answer is B.

43. Which of the following is necessary for an object to be in translational [1 mark]

equilibrium?
A. The object must be stationary.
B. The object must move with a constant speed.
C. The resultant force acting on the object must be zero.
D. No forces must act on the object.

Markscheme
C

Examiners report
[N/A]

44. An object is thrown horizontally from the edge of a high crater on the [1 mark]
Moon. The Moon has no atmosphere. Which of the following describes the
changes, if any, to the horizontal and vertical components of the velocity of the
object?
 Markscheme
A

Examiners report
On the surface of a planet the gravitational field strength can be taken as
invariant. This did not confuse the candidates although there were a number
of teachers who wondered how high the crater was and whether this would
affect the acceleration.

45. Balls X and Y are at the same height. X is projected horizontally at the [1 mark]
same time that Y is dropped. Y is the same size as X but has half its mass.

Ignoring air resistance, which statement is true?

A. Y will hit the ground before X.
B. Y will hit the ground after X.
C. Y will hit the ground at the same time as X.
D. The outcome can only be determined if the initial speed of X is known.

Markscheme
C

Examiners report
[N/A]
46. A speed boat tows a water skier so that the skier accelerates. [1 mark]

The magnitude of the force exerted on the skier by the tow rope must be
I. greater than the magnitude of the total resistive force acting on the skier
II. equal to the magnitude of the force exerted on the tow rope by the skier
III. equal to the magnitude of the force causing the boat to accelerate.
Which of the above factors is/are correct?
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II only
D. III only

Markscheme
A

Examiners report
Response B was popular here despite D not being so. This would mean that the accelerating force would be the same on the

skier and the boat despite significant difference in mass and both moving together.

47. A gun fires a bullet of mass m at a horizontal velocity of v. Air resistance [1 mark]
on the bullet is negligible. A change in which of the following will affect
the time for the bullet to hit the ground?

A. m only
B. v only
C. m and v
D. neither m nor v

Markscheme
D
 Examiners report
[N/A]

48. The momentum of an object changes by Δp in a time Δt. What is the [1 mark]
impulse acting on the object during this change?

A. Δp
B. Δp Δt
Δp
C. Δ
t
D. zero

Markscheme
A

Examiners report
[N/A]
49. A ball is thrown horizontally from the top of a high cliff. Air resistance is [1 mark]
negligible.
Which of the following correctly describes the changes, if any, to the ball’s vertical
speed and horizontal speed?

Markscheme
B

Examiners report
[N/A]
50. A stone is thrown from a cliff and it lands in the sea as shown below. Air [1 mark]
resistance is negligible.

Which of the following statements is correct whilst the stone is in motion?

A. The vertical component of the stone’s displacement is constant.
B. The horizontal component of the stone’s displacement is constant.
C. The vertical component of the stone’s velocity is constant.
D. The horizontal component of the stone’s velocity is constant.

Markscheme
D

Examiners report
[N/A]

51. A body is moving in a straight line. A force F acts on the body in the [1 mark]
direction of the body’s motion. A resistive force f acts on the body. Both
forces act along the same straight line as the motion of the body. The rate of
change of momentum of the body is equal to

1. F–f.
2. F.
3. F+f.
4. f.
 Markscheme
A

Examiners report

52. The diagram shows the path of a projectile that is launched with velocity [1 mark]
v. Air resistance is negligible.

A second projectile has double the mass of the first projectile and is launched with
the same velocity. Air resistance is still negligible. Which of the following paths
best represents the path of the projectile? (The original path is shown as a dotted
line)

Markscheme
D
 Examiners report
Energy consideration (with the masses cancelling) leads to D as the correct
response.

53. A net force of magnitude 4.0 N acts on a body of mass 3.0 kg for 6.0 s. [1 mark]
The body is initially at rest. Which of the following is the speed of the
body after the 6.0 s interval?
A. 0.50 m s−1
B. 2.0 m s−1
C. 4.5 m s−1
D. 8.0 m s−1

Markscheme
D

Examiners report
[N/A]
54. A car moves from X to Y along a semicircular path. The radius of the path [1 mark]
is 250 m and the time taken to complete the trip is 50 s.

Which of the following correctly shows the magnitude of the average velocity and
the magnitude of the average speed?

Markscheme
B

Examiners report
[N/A]

2
55. Two steel balls, of mass M and 2M , fall at constant speeds in a tube [1 mark]
filled with oil.

Which of the following correctly compares the magnitudes of the net force and of
the drag (resistance) force on the two balls?

Markscheme
B

Examiners report
[N/A]

56. Which of the following quantities can be determined from a speed-time [1 mark]
graph of a particle travelling in a straight line?
A. Only the magnitude of the acceleration at a given instant
B. Both the velocity and the acceleration at a given instant
C. Only the distance travelled in a given time
D. Both the distance travelled in a given time and the magnitude of the
acceleration at a given instant

Markscheme
D
 Examiners report
[N/A]

57. Which of the following is a correct definition of work? [1 mark]

A. Product of force and distance
B. Product of force and distance moved in the direction of the force
C. Product of power and time
D. Product of force and displacement

Markscheme
B

Examiners report
[N/A]

58. Two cars, X and Y, are travelling towards a junction. The velocity of car X [1 mark]
is VX and car Y is VY.

Which of the following vectors represent the velocity of Y relative to X?

Markscheme
D
 Examiners report
[N/A]

59. If a moving object is subject to a constant force, which of the following [1 mark]
can be correctly deduced from Newton’s first law?
A. The object continues to move with a changing velocity.
B. The object continues to move with a constant velocity.
C. The object continues to move with a changing direction.
D. The object continues to move in the same direction.

Markscheme
A

Examiners report
[N/A]

60. A football is kicked with an initial velocity u at an angle θ to the horizontal [1 mark]
and reaches the ground t seconds later.

Ignoring air resistance what is the range R of the football?

A. ut
B. ut cos θ
C. ut sin θ
D. ut tan θ
 Markscheme
B

Examiners report
[N/A]

61. A student is sitting on a chair. One force that is acting on the student is [1 mark]
the pull of gravity. According to Newton’s third law, there must be
another force which is
A. the upward push of the chair on the student.
B. the downward force on the student.
C. the downward push of the chair on Earth.
D. the upward force on Earth.

Markscheme
D

Examiners report
The Newton’s third law pair of forces in this case is the gravitational force of
the Earth acting on the boy and the gravitational force of the boy acting on the
Earth.

-
 62. An object moves in the x-y plane. The graphs below show how the [1 mark]
component of its velocity Vx in the x-direction and the component of its velocity
Vy in the y-direction, vary with time t.
x-direction component

y-direction component

The particle is moving

A. in a parabola.
B. with simple harmonic motion.
C. with constant velocity in a straight line.
D. in a circle.

Markscheme
A

Examiners report
[N/A]

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