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Organizations Page 3

United Nations
United Nations General Formation Year: 1945 The UNGA voted on a resolution for an immediate humanitarian
Assembly (UNGA) Headquarters: New York City, USA truce in the Israel-Hamas conflict, with India abstaining. The
Mandate: One of the 6 principal organs of the United Nations, serving as the main deliberative, resolution, proposed by Jordan and co-sponsored by about 40
policymaking, and representative organ. It provides a unique forum for multilateral discussion of countries, called for a truce and humanitarian access to Gaza but did
international issues, including peace and security. not condemn the terror attacks by Hamas.

The Hindu
United Nations Security Membership: The UNSC consists of 15 members. There are five permanent members (P5) - the Expansion in both permanent, non-permanent categories of
Council (UNSC) United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, and China - who have the power to veto any membership in UNSC absolutely essential: India
substantive resolution. Additionally, there are ten non-permanent members elected for two-year
terms by the General Assembly, with seats allocated by regional grouping. The Hindu

Responsibilities: The UNSC’s primary responsibility is the maintenance of international peace and
security. It can establish peacekeeping operations, enact international sanctions, and authorize
military action. The UNSC also plays a central role in admitting new members to the UN and can
exercise jurisdiction over disputes between states.
United Nation Economic Promotes international economic and social cooperation and development. India was elected by the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
and Social Council Has 54 members and serves as the central forum for discussing international economic and social as a member of the UN Statistical Commission, the Commission on
issues and formulating policy recommendations. Narcotic Drugs, and the Programme Coordinating Board of the Joint
UN Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)

The Hindu
The Trusteeship Council Established to oversee the administration of trust territories as they transitioned to self- PM Modi’s Mann Ki Baat to go global with 100th episode today.
government or independence. Its operations have been suspended since the last trust territory
attained independence in 1994. The Hindu
The Secretariat Headed by the Secretary-General, the Secretariat provides studies, information, and facilities
needed by the UN for its meetings and carries out tasks as directed by the UN’s other organs. The
Secretary-General is a high-profile figure and spokesperson for the UN.
The International Court The primary judicial branch of the UN. Located in The Hague, it settles legal disputes submitted by If Vanuatu’s request for an advisory opinion goes through, the ICJ
of Justice states and gives advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized UN organs and will have multiple questions to address regarding climate change
specialized agencies. and reparations

The Hindu

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UN Specialized agency
World Health Formation Year: 1948 India seeks to include traditional Indian medicines in the 11th
Organization (WHO) Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland revision of the WHO’s International Classification of Diseases
Mandate: The WHO is a specialized agency of the UN responsible for international public health. Its (ICD). This move aims to integrate Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Yoga,
main objective is to ensure the highest possible level of health for all people worldwide. Naturopathy, and Homoeopathy into the global health classification
system.

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WIPO Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland Global seminar on Patent Cooperation Treaty at CTCRI on March 3
Mandate: Promotes the protection of intellectual property worldwide and administers various
multilateral treaties dealing with the legal and administrative aspects of intellectual property. The Hindu
Members: 193 Member States.
United Nations Headquarters: Vienna, Austria Mysuru chosen by UNIDO for sustainable cities project
Industrial Development Mandate: Promotes industrial development for poverty reduction, inclusive globalization, and
Organization (UNIDO) environmental sustainability. The Hindu
Members: 170 Member States.
World Meteorological Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland The WMO report highlights the significant impact of climate
Organization (WMO) Mandate: Facilitates global cooperation in the field of meteorology, hydrology, and related fields. change and human activities on Earth’s water cycle, leading to
Members: 193 Member States droughts, extreme rainfall events, and disruptions in water cycles.
It emphasizes the importance of understanding and managing the
water cycle for global sustainability.

Down to Earth
United Nations Established: 1946 India’s progress crucial in achieving two-thirds of off-track child-
Children’s Fund Mandate: UNICEF is dedicated to the welfare and rights of children worldwide. Its primary focus is related SDGs: UNICEF chief
(UNICEF) on ensuring children have access to healthcare, education, nutrition, clean water, and sanitation.
Headquarters: New York City, USA The Hindu
Membership: As a UN agency, UNICEF works in over 190 countries and territories through country
programs and National Committees.
United Nations Headquarters: Paris, France Santiniketan finds a place on UNESCO’s World Heritage list
Educational, Mandate: Contributes to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through
Scientific and Cultural educational, scientific, and cultural reforms. The Hindu
Organization (UNESCO) Members: 193 Member States and 11 Associate Members.
International Maritime Headquarters: London, United Kingdom India re-elected to International Maritime Organisation Council with
Organization (IMO) Mandate: Responsible for regulating shipping. The IMO’s primary purpose is to develop and highest tally
maintain a comprehensive regulatory framework for shipping.
Members: 174 Member States and 3 Associate Members. The Hindu

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International Labour Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland The 17th Asia-Pacific Regional Meeting of the ILO set ten-point
Organization (ILO) Mandate: Deals with labor issues, particularly international labor standards and decent work for priorities of national action under the Singapore Declaration. It
all. focuses on issues like dwindling wages, inflation, unemployment,
Members: 187 Member States. and emphasizes social dialogue to address labor market challenges.

The Hindu
United Nations Office Mandate: The UNODC is a global leader in the fight against illicit drugs and international crime. It Highest prevalence of opioid use disorders in eastern parts of India:
on Drugs and Crime operates in all regions of the world through an extensive network of field offices. The UNODC is UNODC report
mandated to assist Member States in their struggle against illicit drugs, crime, and terrorism.
Headquarters: Vienna, Austria. The Hindu
Date of Formation: 1997 (following the merger of the United Nations Drug Control Programme and
the Centre for International Crime Prevention).
Members: As a United Nations office, UNODC serves all Member States of the UN.
International Civil Headquarters: Montreal, Canada The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) of the US has retained
Aviation Organization Mandate: Works to ensure safe, efficient, secure, economically sustainable, and environmentally the “Category 1” status for India’s aviation safety oversight, as per
(ICAO) responsible civil aviation. the International Aviation Safety Assessment (IASA) program. The
Members: 193 Member States. IASA program, conducted by the FAA, evaluates the safety oversight
of civil aviation authorities in countries worldwide, ensuring
compliance with safety standards established by the ICAO.

The Hindu
Universal Postal Union UPU is the postal sector’s primary forum for international cooperation. India to undertake UPU’s technical assistance activities in the region
Established - 1874
Headquarters - Berne, Switzerland. PIB
UPU is the second oldest international organization worldwide.
The Treaty of Bern (1874) established the General Postal Union which renamed into UPU in 3 years.
The UPU now has 192 member countries.
India is a member
UN Department of UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN-DESA) is an UN DESA Policy Brief No. 153: India overtakes China as the world’s
Economic and Social entity of the UN Secretariat responsible for economic, social and most populous country
Affairs (UN-DESA) environmental issues.
Founded in 1948 UN
Headquarters New York, USA
India is a member

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UN World Tourism UN WTO is responsible for the promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible UNWTO cites that Kerala Tourism has succeeded in upholding UN
Organization tourism. Sustainable Development Goals while promoting travel industry
HQ - Madrid, Spain.
UNWTO’s membership includes 159 Member States, 6 Associate Members and over 500 Affiliate The Hindu
Members.
UNWTO has six regional commissions-Africa, the Americas, East Asia and the Pacific, Europe, the
Middle East and South
Asia, which meets at least once a year.
It encourages the implementation of Global Code of Ethics for Tourism, to maximize tourism’s
socio-economic contribution.

Food and Agriculture Headquarters: Rome, Italy 74.1% of Indians unable to afford a healthy diet: FAO Report
Organization (FAO) Mandate: Leads international efforts to defeat hunger and improve nutrition and food security.
Members: 194 Member Nations, 2 associate members, and 1 member organization (the European The Hindu
Union).

International Financial Instiution

International Monetary Established: 1944 (Began operations in 1945) India star performer, contributing more than 16% of global growth:
Fund (IMF) Mandate: To ensure the stability of the international monetary system, facilitate international IMF
trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around
the world. The Hindu
Members: 190 countries

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World Bank Established: 1944 (Began operations in 1945) Indian economy to grow at 6.3% in FY24: World Bank
Mandate: To provide financial and technical assistance to developing countries for development
programs that aim to improve economic prospects and quality of life. The Hindu
Members: 189 member countries
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD): The IBRD offers loans to middle-
income and credit-worthy low-income countries. It aims to reduce poverty in these countries by
promoting sustainable development through loans, guarantees, risk management products, and
advisory services.

International Development Association (IDA): The IDA focuses on the world’s poorest countries.
Its loans are interest-free and have long repayment periods. The IDA is more concessional than
the IBRD and helps countries by providing grants and low to zero-interest loans for projects and
programs that boost economic growth, reduce inequalities, and improve living conditions.

International Finance Corporation (IFC): The IFC is the largest global development institution
focused exclusively on the private sector in developing countries. It helps companies and financial
institutions in emerging markets create jobs, generate tax revenues, improve corporate governance
and environmental performance, and contribute to their local communities.

Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA): MIGA aims to promote foreign direct
investment into developing countries to support economic growth, reduce poverty, and improve
people’s lives. It does this by offering political risk insurance (guarantees) to investors and lenders.

International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID): The ICSID provides
international facilities for conciliation and arbitration of investment disputes. It helps to resolve
disputes between international investors and host countries, thereby promoting an atmosphere of
mutual confidence and encouraging the flow of investment.(India is not the member of (ICSID)
Asian Development Established: 1966 Asian Development Bank commits $400 million to India’s sustainable
Bank (ADB) Headquarters: Philippines urban development
Mandate: To promote social and economic development in Asia and the Pacific.
Members: 68 members, including 49 from the region The Hindu

Regional Financial Institution

European Bank for Formation Year: 1991 India’s EBRD membership ‘opens opportunities for its businesses’
Reconstruction and Mandate: To support the transition to open, market economies in Central and Eastern Europe and
Development (EBRD) beyond. The Hindu
Objective: To foster the development of the private sector and entrepreneurial initiative in
emerging Europe.

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Asian Infrastructure Formation Year: 2016 FM urges AIIB to scale up investment in renewal energy, smart
Investment Bank (AIIB) Mandate: The AIIB is an international financial institution focused on supporting the building of technologies
infrastructure in the Asia-Pacific region.
Objective: The primary objectives of the AIIB are to address the expanding infrastructure needs The Hindu
across Asia, enhance regional integration, promote economic development, and improve public
access to social services. The bank aims to support projects that are sustainable, financially viable,
and environmentally friendly.
Bank for International Mandate: The BIS is an international financial institution owned by central banks which “fosters BIS warns world economy at critical juncture in inflation fight
Settlements (BIS) international monetary and financial cooperation and serves as a bank for central banks.” It does
not provide financial services to individuals or corporate entities. The BIS also acts as a forum for The Hindu
central banks and other financial regulatory authorities to collaborate on financial stability and
banking supervision.
Headquarters: Basel, Switzerland.
Date of Formation: 1930.
Members: The BIS has 63 member central banks, representing countries from around the world
that together make up about 95% of world GDP.
New Development Bank Formation Year: 2014 (Operations began in 2015) BRICS bank’ looks to local currencies as Russia sanctions bite
(NDB) Mandate: The NDB was established by the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South
Africa) as a multilateral development bank to support infrastructure and sustainable development The Hindu
projects in BRICS and other emerging economies and developing countries.
Objective: The NDB aims to mobilize resources for infrastructure and sustainable development
projects that contribute to economic growth and environmental protection. It seeks to complement
the existing efforts of multilateral and regional financial institutions for global growth and
development.

International Trade Organizations

World Trade Established: 1995 India has emphasized the urgent need for WTO reforms, advocating
Organisation (WTO) Mandate: To regulate international trade. The WTO facilitates trade negotiations, settles trade for improved dispute settlement mechanisms and structural
disputes, and enforces trade agreements. reforms. These reforms aim to benefit developing countries and
Members: 164 member countries ensure fairer trade practices.

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