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DBA 2017 Short

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13 views3 pages

DBA 2017 Short

Uploaded by

hafizahira611
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Sargodha

MSc. 4th Term Exam 2017.


Subject: I.T

Paper: Data Base Administration (IT: 3441)

Note: Objective part is compulsory. Attempt any four questions from subjective part.

Objective Part (Compulsory)

Q. No 01: Write short answers of the following in 2-3 lines each on your answer
sheet. (2*16)

1. Oracle Server:
ANSWER: An oracle server is a database management system that provides an open,
comprehensive, integrated approach to information management. An oracle server reliably
manages a large amount of data in a multiuser environment. It ensures that multiple users can share
the same data concurrently.
2 Oracle Instance:
ANSWER: An Oracle instance (also known as a database instance) contains the set of Oracle
Database background processes that operate on the stored data and the shared allocated memory
that those processes use to do their work.
3. Global Area (SGA):
ANSWER: The System Global Area is a group of shared memory structures for an Oracle
instance, shared by the users of the database instance.
4. Background Processes:
ANSWER: The background processes are the operating system processes or threads that
perform the work of accessing, storing, monitoring, and recovering user data, metadata, and
control files associated with the database. The shared memory areas used by the background
processes
5. Backup Compression:
ANSWER: Backup compression is the process of reducing backup file size to avoid storage and
transmission bandwidth limitations. If limited disk space is available, or a backup across a network
environment imposes bandwidth restrictions, or if the backup is to be transported on media with a
limited storage capacity, then a compressed backup is a good option.
6. Flash Recovery Area:
ANSWER: The Oracle Flash Recovery Area (FRA) is a directory that contains Oracle datafiles,
archived redo logs, backup pieces, the control file, and image copies. This backup has the
advantages of automatic file management and quick recovery.
7. Validating Backups:
ANSWER: Backup validation is the process whereby owners of computer data may examine how
their data was backed up in order to understand what their risk of data loss might be. It also speaks
to optimization of such processes, charging for them as well as estimating future requirements.
8. Recovery Operations:
ANSWER:
Recovery operations are the strategies involved in restoring, rolling forward, and rolling back a
backup. Backup and recovery operations involved in protecting the database against data loss and
reconstructing the data should that loss occur.
9. Define Different types of Data Encryption Standards.
ANSWER:
i. Data Encryption Standard (DES)
ii. Advance Encryption Standard(AES)
iii. RSA
iv. Blowfish
10. Define System Privileges and Object Privileges.
ANSWER:
System Privilege: A system privilege is the right to perform a particular action, or to perform an
action on any schema objects of a particular type. For example, the privileges to create table
spaces and to delete the rows of any table in a database are system privileges. There are over 60
distinct system privileges.
Object Privilege: An object privilege is the right to perform a particular action on an object or to
access another user’s object. Objects include tables, views, materialized views, indexes, synonyms,
sequences, cache groups, replication schemes and PL/SQL functions, procedures and packages.
11. Difference between SMON and PMON?
ANSWER:
SMON is the System Monitor process. In the case of a system crash or instance failure, due to a
power outage or CPU failure, the SMON process performs crash recovery by applying the entries
in the online redo log files to the data files.
PMON, also known as the Process Monitor, does the cleanup work when a user connection is
dropped, or a user process fails. It cleans up the database buffer cache along with any other
resources that the user connection was using.
12. What is database object metadata?
ANSWER: Database Object Metadata is a table that contains database schema information of
current instance. It is the collection of information on disk that permits Oracle software to manage
user data.
13. What is Data Block?
ANSWER: Oracle manages the storage space in the datafiles of a database in units called data
blocks. A data block is the smallest unit of storage in an Oracle database. Every database has a
default block size, although blocks in different tablespaces may have different block sizes.
14. Define Control File and Redo file?
ANSWER:
Control File: Control file maintains the metadata of the database (in other words, data about the
physical structure of the database itself). It contains the name of the database, when the database
was created, and the names and locations of all datafiles and redo log files.
Redo File: Redo log files are operating system files used by Oracle to maintain logs of all
transactions performed against the database. The primary purpose of these log files is to allow
Oracle to recover changes made to the database in the case of a failure.
15. How we maintain Data Integrity?
ANSWER: We can maintain data integrity in a database by implementing proper consistency
constraints. Consistency Constraints are the set of rules that validate incoming data to maintain
data integrity.
16. What is DATA PUMP?
ANSWER: Data Pump is a server based bulk data movement infrastructure that supersedes the
old import and export utilities. It is used as alternative of Import and Export utility in Oracle
database.

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