Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy

SUBMITTED BY

NAME: SIVAVINAYAK P.K

CLASS & SEC: XII-B

REG.NO:

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my heartfelt thanks to our principal Mrs.Pushpaveni Ayyappan, for her

kind support to do my project. I extend my hearty thanks to my chemistry teacher/s

_____________________________________ and who guided me to the successful

completion of this project.

I take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude for their constant

encouragement, constructive comments and immense motivation which has sustained my

efforts at all stages of this project work. I also thank my lab assistant for kind

cooperation. Finally, I thank my parents and my friends for their kind support,

encouragement and help for the completion of this project.

(NAME OF THE STUDENT)

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 CERTIFICATE
This is certify that, the project work entitled ______________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________ is a bonafide work done by the candidate

_____________________________________________________of class XII Section _________ has been submitted for

Secondary School Practical Examination held in the subject CHEMISTRY at Pushpalata Vidya Mandir

Senior Secondary School, Tirunelveli – 11 during the academic year 202___ to 202____.

Signature of the Teacher Signature of the Principal

School Seal

Date :

Place :

Signature of the Internal Examiner Signature of the External Examiner

(With No. & Date) (With No. & Date)

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 INDEX
S.NO CONTENTS PAGE NO
1 INTRODUCTION
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1.1 WHAT IS NANO GOLD?

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1.2 TYPES OF NANO GOLD

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2 HISTORY
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3 THERAPY EXPERIMENTS
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3.1 EXPERIMENT ON NANO GOLD ABSORBS

WAVELENGTHS 11

3.2 EXPERIMENT ON DETERMINATION OF

RIGHT SIZE OF NANO GOLD 14
3.3 EXPERIMENT TO DETERMINE THE SIZE
OF NANO GOLD TO INJECT IN OUR BODY 16

4 NANO GOLD IN REAL LIFE

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5 BIBLIOGRAPHY
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 1.INTRODUCTION
A new method of cancer treatment using gold-
coated silica nanoparticles could someday help
patients say goodbye to the side effects of
chemotherapy and radiation. By engineering
the size of the Nano-gold, scientists tune the
particles to absorb light from infrared lasers
and destroy a tumor.

gold-coated silica nanoparticles

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 1.1 WHAT IS NANO GOLD?
Nano gold is another name for gold
nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are a
fraction of the size of human hair and are
less than 100 nm in diameter. Nano gold
particles are so small that they are generally
found as a colloidal solution, which means
that the gold nanoparticles are suspended in
a liquid buffer. Therefore, Nano gold or gold
nanoparticles are also called colloidal gold.

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 1.2 TYPES OF NANO GOLD:

There are many subtypes of gold

nanoparticles based on the size, shape, and
physical properties. The earliest studied
gold nanoparticles are gold Nano spheres
(although not exactly spherical).
Subsequently, Nano rods, Nano shells, and
Nano cages have all been reported.

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 2)HISTORY

Below is a brief history on Nano Gold

starting from 4th century to Modern Era.
1. As a method of staining glass, colloidal
gold was used in the 4th-century
Lycurgus Cup, which changes color
depending on the location of light source.
2. Medieval artisans were the first
Nanotechnologists. They made stained
glass by mixing gold chloride into molten
glass. They created tiny gold spheres,
which reflected and absorbed sunlight in
a way that produced a variety of colors.
3. Modern scientific evaluation of colloidal
gold did not begin until Michael
Faraday's work in the 1850s.1856, in a
basement laboratory of Royal Institution,
Faraday accidentally He prepared the

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 first pure sample of colloidal gold, which
he called 'activated gold`.
4. In1898, Theodor Svedberg, who invented
ultracentrifugation, and Gustav Mie, who
provided the theory for scattering and
absorption by spherical particles, were
also interested in the synthesis and
properties of colloidal gold.

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 3. THERAPY EXPERIMENTS
In order to understand how the radiation
absorbing properties of Nano-gold can help
in destroying tumors we will go through
following three experiments.

3.1 Experiment on Nano gold absorbs

wavelengths

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3.1.1 Materials -
 Vial of red Nano-gold suspension
 (Spheres, 12 nm diameter)
 Vial of pink Nano-gold suspension
(spheres, 80 nm diameter)
 Vial of blue Nano-gold suspension (rods,
25 nm axis x 47 nm length)
 Vial of water with yellow food coloring
 Magnet board

3.1.2 Procedure

 Lay the magnet board flat and set up the

four different vials on top.
 The substances the solution is composed
of are not to be named to the participant
and they should be made to guess which
vial/vials contain Nano-gold particles.
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3.1.3 Observation –
 The participant will likely have
guessed the vial with yellow colored
water to contain the Nano-gold.

3.1.4 Conclusion –
 The vial with yellow food coloring
does not contain gold; small
differences in size can cause the Nano
particles to absorb different
wavelengths of light and appear
different colors.
 These colors range from red to blue
depending on size (red is smallest,
blue is largest).

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3.2 Experiment on Determination
of right size of Nano gold

3.2.1 Materials –
 Flask of red colored water
 Flask of pink colored water
 Flask of blue colored water  Red, green,
and LED flashlights.

3.2.2 Procedure –
 The participant is to stick out their
thumb and hold each flashlight against
the tip of the thumb to see which
colored light will pass through.

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3.2.3 Observations –
 The red light passes through.
 Green and blue lights are blocked.

3.2.4 Conclusion –
 This indicates that red is the right
wavelength of light to do cancer therapy
as it can pass through body tissue.

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3.3 Experiment to determine the size of
Nano gold to inject in our body

3.3.1 Materials -
 Vial of red Nano-gold suspension
(spheres, 12 nm diameter)
 Vial of pink Nano-gold suspension
(spheres, 80 nm diameter)
 Vial of blue Nano-gold suspension
(rods, 25 nm axis x 47 nm length)
 Magnet board
 Red LED flashlight

3.3.2 Procedure -
 Once again, lay the magnet board flat and
set up the three different vials on top.
 The participant must shine the red light
through the side of each flask and note
whether the beam of light can pass
through the liquid and hit the magnet
board.

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3.3.3 Observations –
 The red light passes through the red and
pink solutions.
 The red light is absorbed by the blue
solution.

3.3.4Conclusion –
 This indicates that blue Nano-gold is the
correct particle size to use for cancer
therapy.

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 4. NANO GOLD IN REAL LIFE
1. The properties of gold also include
changes in optical absorption that result
in a spectrum of colors based on particle
size.
2. The gold particles used for this cancer
therapy are called “Nano shells” because
they are actually spherical nanoparticles
of silica that are covered in a coating of
gold.
3. The thickness of the gold coating is tuned
to absorb the correct wavelength of light.
4. When Nano shells are injected into the
bloodstream, they infiltrate tumors but
not normal tissue. A reason for this is that
tumors are inherently “leakier” than
normal tissue because the junctions
between tumor cells are not as tight.
5. This can be further enhanced by attaching
antibodies to the Nano shells that match

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 proteins expressed by tumor cells but not
healthy cells.
6. Eventually, the Nano shells will be filtered
out by the kidneys and naturally removed
from the body.

5. BIBLIOGRAPHY

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1. Seminarsonly.com
2. mrsec.psu.edu
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/
4. https://www.frontiersin.org/
5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
6. https://www.genengnews.com/

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