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8 views3 pages

All Work

Superb arts

Uploaded by

harshvardhanrathore10000000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. Define the term power of accommodation.

Write the modification in the curvature of the eye lens which enables
us to see the nearby objects clearly?

Ans. The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called power of accommodation. The ciliary muscles
modifies the curvature to some extent. The change in the curvature of the eye lens can thus change its focal length.
When the ciliary muscles contract, the lens becomes thick and its focal length decreases, thus enables us to see
nearby objects clearly.

2. Trace the sequence of events which occur when a bright light is focused on your eyes.

Ans. When a bright light enters the eye then most of the refraction for the light rays entering the eye occurs at the
outer surface of the cornea. Then, the crystalline lens merely provides the finer adjustment of focal length required to
focus object at different distances on the retina. The pupil regulates and controls the amount of light entering the eye.
At retina, the light-sensitive cells get activated upon illumination and generate electric signals. These signals are sent
to the brain via the optic nerves. The brain interprets these signals and finally, processes the information so that we
perceive objects as they are.

3. Explain why the image distance in the eye does not change when we change the distance of an object from the
eye?

Ans. The ciliary musqles modifies the curvature to some extent. The change in the curvature of the eye lens can thus
change its focal length. Thus, the focal length of the human lens increases or decreases depending on the distance of
the object value to this distance of the image does not change. For example, when the ciliary muscles are relaxed, the
lens becomes thin and its focal length increases, thus enables us to see distant object clearly.

4. (a) List two causes of hypermetropia.


(b) Draw ray diagrams showing (i) a hypermetropic eye and (ii) its correction using suitable optical device.

Ans. (a) Hypermetropia is caused due to following reasons:


(i) Shortening of the eyeball
(ii) Focal length of crystalline lens is too long.

5. (a) A person is suffering from both myopia and hypermetropia.


(i) What kind of lenses can correct this defect?
(ii) How are these lenses prepared?
(b) A person needs a lens of power +3 D for correcting his near vision and -3 D for correcting his distant vision.
Calculate the focal lengths of the lenses required to correct these defects.

Ans. (a) (i) The lens which can correct the vision of such a person suffering from both myopia and hypermetropia is
a bifocal lens.
(ii) A common type of bifocal lens contains both concave and convex lens. It is prepared with the upper portion
consisting of a concave lens facilitating distant vision and the lower portion consisting of convex lens
facilitating near vision.

(b) The power for correcting his near vision, PN = +3 D.


As P = 1/f(m)
∴ Focal length of convex lens needed,
fN = 1/P = 0.33 m = +33.33 cm

Power required to correct distant vision, P = -3D


∴ Focal length of concave lens,
fD = 1/P = -0.33 m = -33.33 cm.

6. What eye defect is myopia? Describe with a neat diagram how this defect of vision can be corrected by using a
suitable lens.

Ans. Myopia is also known as near-sightedness. A person with myopia can see nearby objects clearly but cannot
see distant objects distinctly.
Myopia can he corrected by using concave lens of appropriate local length.

7. A student is unable to see clearly the words written on the black board placed at a distance of approximately 3 m
from him. Name the defect of vision the boy is suffering from. State the possible causes of this defect and
explain the method of correcting it.

Ans. Student is suffering from myopia.


The two possible reasons due to which the defect of vision arises are : excessive curvature of the eye lens and
elongation of the eye ball.
A student with myopia has the far point nearer than infinity, thus, the image of a distant object is formed in front of
the retina.

Correction of myopia: This defect can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power as it brings the image
back on to the retina, thus the defect is corrected.

8. What is ‘dispersion of white light’? State its cause.

Ans. Splitting of white light into its seven constituent colours due to refraction is known as dispersion of white light.
Cause of dispersion : When a beam of white light enters a prism, it gets refracted and splits into seven constituent
colours. The splitting of the light ray occurs due to the different bending angle for each colour. Thus, each colour ray
when passing through the prism bends at different angles with respect to the incident beam, thus giving rise to a
spectrum.

9. Explain in brief the reason for each of the following:


(a) Advanced sun-rise or Delayed sun-set
(b) Twinkling of stars

Ans. a). The Sun is visible to us about 2 minutes before the actual sunrise, and about 2 minutes after the actual
sunset because of atmospheric refraction. By actual sunrise, we mean the actual crossing of the horizon by the Sun.
Figure shows the actual and apparent positions of the Sun with respect to the horizon. The time difference between
actual sunset and the apparent sunset is about 2 minutes. The apparent flattening of the Sun’s disc at sunrise and
sunset is also due to the same phenomenon.

b). Due to atmospheric refraction, position of star visible from sun, is slightly different from its actual position. This
apparent position of the star is not stationary, but keeps on changing with change in physical condition on earths
atmosphere. Since the stars are very distant, they are approximately point-sized sources of light. As the path of rays
of light coming from the star goes on varying slightly, the apparent position of the star fluctuates and the amount of
starlight entering the eye flickers the star sometimes appears brighter, and at some other time, fainter, which is the
twinkling effect.

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