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Q2 06 Transformations On Functions

Q2 06 Transformations on Functions

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9 views

Q2 06 Transformations On Functions

Q2 06 Transformations on Functions

Uploaded by

raygan.ballion
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Philippine Science High School

ILOCOS REGION CAMPUS

Mathematics 3
S.Y. 2023 – 2024
Transformations of
Functions
Learning Outcomes

• Describe, illustrate, and visualize how the graph of a function


may be transformed (vertical translation, horizontal
translation, compression and stretching, reflection)
Introduction

• Just like transformations in geometry, we can move

and resize the graphs of functions.


Basic Graphs of Parent Functions

• A parent function is a basic equation where the graph is free


from any transformation.

• It is important to be able to sketch these from memory.

• The following basic graphs will be used extensively in this


lesson.
The identity function f(x) = x
The quadratic function f ( x) = x
2
The square root function f ( x) = x
The absolute value function f ( x) = x
The cubic function

f ( x) = x 3
The rational function
1
f ( x) =
x
The floor function 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥
The floor function, also called the greatest integer function,
gives the largest integer less than or equal to 𝒙.
We will now see how certain transformations of a
function change its graph. This will give us a better
idea of how to quickly sketch the graph of certain
functions.

The transformations are


(1) translation, (2) reflection, and (3) dilation.
The BIG PICTURE

The transformation of a function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) typically looks like:

𝑦 = 𝑎𝑓 𝑏 𝑥 − 𝑐 +𝑑
𝑎 represents the vertical dilation
𝑏 represents the horizontal dilation
𝑐 represents the horizontal translation
𝑑 represents the vertical translation
Translation
Keywords:

- Slides or moves the curve


- Change in position
- 2 types: Horizontal shift, Vertical Shift
Illustration of Vertical Translation
The function moves to either up or down.

This changes a function y = f(x) into the form f(x) ± d,


where ‘d' represents the vertical translation.

Here,
•if d > 0, then the function moves UP by ‘d' units.
•if d < 0, then the function moves DOWN by ‘d' units.

𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥2 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥2 + 2 ℎ 𝑥 = 𝑥2 − 2
Illustration of Horizontal Translation
The function moves to either left or right.

This changes a function y = f(x) into the form f(x ± c),


where ‘c' represents the horizonal translation.

Here,
•if (x − c), then the function moves to the RIGHT by ‘c' units.
•if (x + c), then the function moves to the LEFT by ‘c' units.

𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥2 𝑔 𝑥 = (𝑥 − 2)2 ℎ 𝑥 = (𝑥 + 2)2
What happens to the domain and range of
translated functions?

Vertical Translation Horizontal Translation

DOMAIN Not affected Affected

RANGE Affected Not Affected

The graph in green represents the parent function.


Exercises for Translation
Exercises for Translation
2)
Exercises for Translation
Reflections
Keywords:

- line of reflection acts as a mirror


- Reflections over the x-axis
- Reflection over the y-axis
Illustration of Reflections

𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 =− 𝑥 ℎ 𝑥 = −𝑥
Illustration of Reflections
Illustration of Reflections
What happens to the domain and range of
reflected functions?

Over x-axis Over y-axis

DOMAIN Not affected Affected*

RANGE Affected* Not Affected

The graph in green represents the parent function.


Exercises for Reflection
Exercises for Reflection
Exercises for Reflection
Dilations
Keywords:

- Nonrigid transformations that cause a


distortion
- A dilation is a stretch OR a compression.
- 2 types: Horizontal Dilation; Vertical Dilation
Illustration of Horizontal Dilation
𝑓 𝑥 = (𝑥)3
It changes a function y = f(x) into
the form y = f(bx), with a scale 𝑔 𝑥 = (2𝑥)3
factor ‘1/b', parallel to the x-axis. 1 3
ℎ 𝑥 = 2𝑥
Here,

If b > 1, then the graph compresses.


If 0 < b < 1, then the graph
stretches.
Illustration of Vertical Dilation
𝑓 𝑥 = |𝑥|
ℎ 𝑥 = 13|𝑥|
𝑔 𝑥 = 3|𝑥|
It changes a function y = f(x) into the
form y = a f(x), with a scale factor ‘a',
parallel to the y-axis.

Here,

If a > 1, then the graph stretches.


If 0 < a < 1, then the graph compresses.
What happens to the domain and range of dilated
functions?

Vertical Dilation Horizontal Dilation

DOMAIN Not affected Affected*

RANGE Affected* Not Affected

The graph in green represents the parent function.


Exercises for Dilation
Summary of Rules in
Transforming Functions
Horizontal Dilation
b>1 compress Horizontal Shift
0<b<1 stretch (x+c) LEFT
Scale factor = 1/b (x−c) RIGHT
Vertical Dilation
a>1 stretch Vertical Shift
0<a<1 compress +d UP
Scale factor = a −d DOWN

𝑦 = 𝑎𝑓 𝑏(𝑥 − 𝑐 + 𝑑

Reflection about x-axis Reflection about y-axis


If a is negative If b is negative
Important!

For consistency, the following order of transformation will be followed


in transforming functions involving more than one transformation:

1. Horizontal Translation
2. Dilation
3. Reflecting
4. Vertical Translation

"Happy Dogs Run Vigorously"


Example:
Example:
Example:
Example:
Example:
Example:
Example:
Example:
Example:
Example:
Exercises
Explain the sequence of transformations applied to the parent
function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 to obtain the function 𝑔 𝑥 = − 𝑥 − 2 2 + 5.

Explain the sequence of transformations applied to the parent


function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 to obtain the function 𝑔 𝑥 = 3 − 𝑥 + 1 − 2.
Exercises
Exercises
Write the equation for the transformed function g after performing the following transformations
on f.
Questions?
References
• Swokowski, E., & Cole, J. (2008). Algebra and Trigonometry with Analytic
Geometry, 12th Edition. Thomson Learning, Inc.

• PSHSS Learning Guides for Mathematics 3


END OF SESSION
Thank you for listening.

Questions? Send an email to


[email protected]

Need consultation? Visit


Tech Unit, ASTB 2F

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