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 Grade 1

To complete each item, choose the best word or phrase from among

the four choices. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the

question and mark your answer.

(1) The sociologist argued that human beings are ( ) selfish, and that

throughout history attempts to cure them of this trait through education had failed.

1 innately 2 nominally 3 lethally 4 belatedly

(2) A n t i c i p a t i n g an early morning attack by rebels, General Vicario sent helicopter

gunships to make a ( ) strike on their camps in the middle of the n i ght.

1 philanthropic 2 preemptive 3 flippant 4 stagnant

(3) Mark searched the backstreets of Hong Kong for the hostel his friend had

recommended, but with no luck. The network of twisting alleys felt like a

( ) with no end.

1 reverie 2 charade 3 figment 4 labyrinth

(4) The speaker had hoped his comments would enlighten and inspire the audience,

but the ( ) expressions on their faces after his speech told him otherwise.

1 profound 2 quizzical 3 enraptured 4 exultant

(5) Although the dictator tried to ( ) any criticism of his policies, protests

against him still occurred throughout the country.

1 churn 2 distend 3 flinch 4 stifle

(6) I thought we would never finish the company's annual report on time, but a

( ) effort by the whole team enabled us to meet the deadline.

1 demure 2 concerted 3 predestined 4 lurid

(7) Ryan was ( ) when he missed his flight to Australia, as he knew that he

would no longer be able to get to his brother's wedding in time.

1 vindicated 2 distraught 3 rectified 4 enchanted

(8) Jane found herself in q u i t e a ( ) when she realized she had arranged to

meet two different clients for business dinners on the same evening.

1 predicament 2 premonition 3 rampart 4 rendition

(9) Traditional haiku poems contain a "season word," a term used to ( )

the particular season in which the poem is set.

1 denote 2 provoke 3 ascribe 4 inflect

• 3 •
 Grade 1

..

(JO) As a result of foreign immigration, the city has become a ( ) of different

ethnic neighborhoods, each with its own distinctive atmosphere.

1 membrane 2 requiem 3 mosaic 4 reprieve

(11) The history society called a ( ) meeting to approve changes to its

constitution. Every one of its 500 members was asked to attend.

1 plenary 2 covetous 3 desultory 4 surreptitious

(12) Diana became ( ) when the elevator suddenly stopped between floors.

She began yelling for help, terrified she would be unable to get out.

1 submissive 2 amenable 3 urbane 4 frantic

(13) The famous chef. concerned about the eating habits of the nation's children, is

( ) a campaign 10 promote healthier food in school cafeterias.

1 downplaying 2 spearheading 3 whitewashing 4 sidestepping

(14) The years leading up to the revolution were some of the most ( ) in the

country's history. with frequent demonstrations, riots, and mass arrests.

1 fiscal 2 generic 3 turbulent 4 ecstatic

(15) The student remained calm when the professor criticized his conclusions, but he

( ) at the suggestion he had stolen other authors' work and left the room

in anger.

1 dilated 2 bridled 3 prodded 4 chuckled

(16) Government warplanes conducted an aerial ( ) of the rebel-held town,

leaving most of the b u i l d i n g s in ruins. The rebels surrendered soon after.

1 condiment 2 allusion 3 rendezvous 4 bombardment

(17) It is clear from Wendy's apartment that she is ( ) about cleaning. There

is no dust anywhere, and everything is always exactly in its place.

1 meticulous 2 colloquial 3 delinquent 4 nomadic

(18) The leader of the new religion said the government's refusal to let him build a

place of worship was simple ( ). He said such a closed-minded attitude had

no place in a free society.

1 bigotry 2 empathy 3 fortitude 4 abstinence

• 4 •
(19) An argument over money caused a ( ) between the two friends. They

both refused to apologize, and 10 years passed before they spoke to each other

again.

1 creed 2 rift 3 pier 4 balm

(20) The mountaineers completed a series of tough high-altitude climbs to

( ) their s k i l l s before they attempted to c l i m b Mount Everest.

1 slash 2 chide 3 hone 4 swab

(21) The company said it will offer ( ) to its customers for accidents caused

by the defective product. It may cost the company millions of dollars in total.

1 ardor 2 lineage 3 debris 4 redress

(22) The leader of the volunteer group said he was pleased so many local residents

had been ( ) to help clean up the city's parks.

1 pitching in 2 bulking up 3 lashing out 4 flicking through

(23) A: ( ) it, Annette! We'll never get this sales report done if you don't

concentrate.

B: Sorry, Leonard. I can't stop t h i n k i n g about tomorrow's performance review.

1 Get away with 2 Snap out of 3 Go back on 4 Put in for

(24) At its annual general meeting. the company ( ) its future investment

plans so that its shareholders would know what to expect.

1 forked over 2 lapped up 3 laid out 4 hemmed in

(25) Darrell was well behaved until his teens. Unfortunately, he ( ) a bad

crowd in high school and was soon getting in trouble with the police.

1 fell in with 2 got down to 3 crept up on 4 bore down on

• 5 •
 Grade 1

Read each passage and choose the best word or phrase from

among the four choices for each blank. Then, on your answer sheet,

find the number of the question and mark your answer.

The Faces of Nero

The Roman emperor Nero, who lived from AD 37 to 68, is typically

characterized as the epitome of the cruel tyrant. This image largely derives from

accounts by ancient historians such as Tacitus and Suetonius. These writers had

compelling reasons for paiming Nero's reign in such dark colors: the emperor had

his own mother executed, and almost certainly murdered his stepbrother. At the

same time, their accounts ( 26 ) many upper-class Romans felt for t h e i r ruler.

Nero's fondness for racing chariots and giving public musical performances struck

many aristocrats as vulgar and shocking. He also limited the powers of tax

collectors to take money from the poor. impeached corrupt officials, and supported

freed slaves against their former owners. These acts endeared him to the lower

classes but not to the wealthy and powerful-a group that included Tacitus and

Suetonius.

Although the ancient bias against Nero has been recognized by modern

historians, no written accounts of how Nero projected himself to the public survive.

Historian Michael Grant has turned to ( 27 ) 10 gain such a perspective.

Grant believes that images on the coins issued by the emperor could provide h i n t s

of how Nero wanted to portray himself. W h i l e these coins' designs have long been

acknowledged for their artistic value and are known to have influenced many

Renaissance artists, Grant points out that they can also be regarded as an attempt

to shape public perception of ero and his rule throughout the empire.

A coin showing ero as a chariot racer, for example, projects an image of h i m

as a great warrior protecting the empire. Another depicts h i m as the god Apollo

playing a lyre, reinforcing his reputation as a great patron of the arts. Other coins

( 28 ) of Nero's reign. The image of a temple, for example, is used to signify

the fact that he maintained peace in the empire, and the depiction of Ceres, the

goddess of crops, reminds the populace of the way he ensured stable food supplies.

Through such a powerful propaganda tool, Nero would have been able to portray

himself to the masses as a competent and enlightened ruler.

(26) l failed to reveal the loyally 2 reflected the contempt

3 demonstrated the affection 4 explained the sorrow

(27) l modern works of art 2 an overlooked source

3 contemporary texts 4 a once-rejected theory

(28) l reveal the public's opinion 2 focus on private details

3 highlight further aspects 4 hint at the failures

• 6 •
 Grade 1

..

C o o k i n g and Early Humans

Compared with other primates, humans spend very little time eating. For a

typical human, meals take up only about five percent of the day, whereas

chimpanzees, for example, spend nearly half their waking hours chewing and

consuming their food. One of the main reasons for this difference is cooking.

Heating food breaks it down and makes it easier to digest, e n a b l i n g humans to take

in calories with less effort. The development of cooking may have also ( 29 ).
Gathering around a fire to cook would have provided a key opportunity for

humans to communicate with each other and form relationships. It is conceivable,

then, that cooking set the stage for the development of culture as we know it-but

when did it start?

Until recently, the invention of cooking was widely credited 10 the species

Homo erectus. the predecessor of present-day humans. which first appeared around

1 . 9 m i l l i o n years ago. The discovery of evidence of fire use from almost a m i l l i o n

years ago made researchers assume fl. erectus began cooking food at this time.

Harvard University anthropologist Richard Wrangham says ( 30 ). He argues

that the physical differences between H. erectus and earlier, more p r i m i t i v e h u m a n

species are adaptations to eating cooked food; H. erectus had a markedly smaller

jaw and teeth than earlier human species. Wrangham argues that if H. erec111s had

evolved prior to the development of cooking, it would have had larger teeth and

jaws resembling those of earlier, raw-food-consuming human species. Since

/-/. erectus fossils with small teeth and jaws date back to when the species first

appeared. Wrangham suggests cooking goes back at least twice as far as previously

thought.

Some anthropologists doubt that the physical traits of /-/. erectus ( 31 )

Wrangham's theory. They argue that to prove the theory, archaeological evidence

of fire use from at least 1.9 million years ago, such as hearths, fl i n t , a nd burnt

an i mal bones, w ould a lso need to be found. A d d i t i o n a l l y , they m a i n t a i n th a t the

a bility t o create and control re would have required greater inte l ligence t h a n that
fi

possessed by the ancestors of H. erecws.

(29) l w eakened the hu m an body 2 benefited nonhuman species

3 shaped human society 4 put humans in d a nger

(30) l H. erectus ate only ra w food 2 new fi ndings prove this i s true

3 evidence suggests otherwise 4 cooki n g began more recen t ly

(31) l provide confirmat i on of 2 should be studied separately from

3 re too p r i m i t i v e
a to demonstrate 4 i ndicate a Flaw in

• 7 •
 Grade 1

Read each passage and choose the best answer from among the

four choices for each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the

number of the question and mark your answer.

Albania. An Explosive Legacy

Albania is a small country, but it holds the dubious distinction of having one or the

largest stockpiles of m u n i t i o n s in Europe, including huge numbers of guns, grenades, and

other weapons. The architect of this arms buildup was Enver Hoxha, a hard-line

Communist who was Albania's leader from 1944 to 1985. After World War II, Albania

allied itself closely with the Soviet U n i o n and later with C h i n a , but as these nations moved

away from orthodox Communism, Hoxha's relations with their governments soured.

Under Hoxha's leadership, Albania gradually became an isolated enclave, highly

distrustful of all foreign powers and increasingly fearful of perceived external aggression.

For decades d u r i n g the Cold War, Hoxha stockpiled m u n i t i o n s in anticipation of attacks

by both NATO forces and the Soviets. According to a former general in the regime,

Albanians were told to be prepared for war w i t h both sides.

Since the Republic of Albania emerged from the disintegration or Communist Eastern

Europe in 1991, it has maintained good relations with its neighbors. Ironically, the

greatest threat to Albania now stems from the m u n i t i o n s that were supposed to protect i t .

In 1997, a large number or m i l i t a r y weapons found their way into the hands of the general

public following an economic crisis that triggered c i v i l war. As the country struggled to

make the transition 10 a free-market economy, Albanians were encouraged to put their

savings into government-endorsed investment schemes that promised high returns. These

turned out to be fraudulent .. pyramid schemes," which collapsed in early 1997 and wiped

out $ 1 . 2 b i l l i o n of the population's wealth. After the government refused to compensate

investors, angry crowds looted m u n i t i o n s storehouses and staged a rebellion that nearly

overthrew the government. Heavily armed gangs of citizens took control of entire cities,

and much of the country descended into chaos u n t i l a UN peacekeeping force was called

in to restore order.

Albania has since taken steps to reduce its vast number of m u n i t i o n s , but even those

that remain under the government's control have become a cause for concern. The safe

storage and h a n d l i n g of this stockpile is no simple matter, especially as the explosives and

ammunition have aged and become unstable. In 2008, powerful explosions at an

a m m u n i t i o n depot just outside the capital, Tirana. destroyed hundreds or houses, resulting

in 26 deaths and more than 300 injuries.

Today, with linancial help from the United Stales, Albania continues its efforts to

dispose of weapons and ammunition. By 2013. the A l b a n i an government plans to have

either dismantled or blown up a staggering 75,000 tons of m u n i t i o n s . Nevertheless, many

experts believe this is only half the battle, as Albania's annual per-capita rate of gun deaths

is currently among the highest in the world. They attribute this to the fact that during the

Hoxha regime firearms became a normal part of d a i l y life for citizens, and children were

even taught how to operate them at school. This aspect of Hoxha's legacy remains an

obstacle to lasting security in Albania.

• 8 •
(32) Why did Enver Hoxha build up a large stockpile of m u n i t i o n s in Albania?

1 He expected that the Soviet Union would eventually provide financial

support to pay for a broad expansion of A l b a n i a ' s military.

2 He worried that his departure from traditional Communist policies would

prompt military action by either China or the Soviet Union.

3 He became increasingly paranoid that Albania was under constant threat

from the Soviet Union as well as NATO forces.

4 He believed that the collapse of Communist Eastern Europe would leave

Albania open to attack from NATO forces.

(33} What led to the c i v i l unrest in Albania in 1997?

1 The government seized private citizens' assets under the pretense that the

funds were needed to help revive the country's military power.

2 The government would not repay Albanians for the losses they suffered in

financial schemes it had encouraged them to participate in.

3 The government officials in charge of m u n i t i o n s storehouses used money

from the illegal sale of weapon s and a m m u n i t i o n to fund private investments.

4 The government refused to allow UN forces to be deployed in Albania on

the basis that the United Nations had no right to interfere in domestic issues.

(34) What do 1m111y experts believe about Albania?

1 While the country has reduced its munitions stockpile, it needs to make

efforts to change the attitude that its citizens have toward guns.

2 The majority of its citizens w i l l have l i t t l e difficulty adjusting to a society in

which private gun ownership is prohibited.

3 The hostility of the country's military toward foreign powers continues to

prevent it from fully participating in global society.

4 Since the end or Communist rule, a decline in the standard of education in

Albania's schools has been the cause of the high rate or violent crime.

• 9 •
 Grade 1

Ill.II

The Dreyfus Affair

In 1894, Alfred Dreyfus, a young Jewish captain in the French army, was convicted

of selling military secrets to Germany and sentenced to life in solitary c o n fi n e m e n t in a

South Atlantic island prison. Anti-Semitism was entrenched in French society at the time,

and the explosive revelation of an apparent Jewish betrayal of the country caused an

uproar in the press and among the general public, despite the fact that evidence against

Dreyfus was almost nonexistent. A subsequent investigation by Lieutenant Colonel

Georges Picquart implicated another army officer as the real traitor, but s en i o r military

o ffi c i a l s covered up the new evidence, instead punishing Picquart with exile and imprison­

ment. A public campaign by Dreyfus's supporters, including c el e b r i t i e s such as the writer

Emile Zola. eventually won Dreyfus a new trial, and in 1906 he was completely exonerated

and restored to his former position.

The "Dreyfus Affair" is now widely seen as a milestone in the shaping of modern

France's pluralistic and l i b e ra l society, but the episode did not begin as a struggle between

tolerance and prejudice. The initial public o u tcry , in fact, came from commentators who

felt Dreyfus's punishment had been too lenient. For these people, the fear that Germany,

which had defeated France in the Franco-Prussian War 23 years earlier, still constituted

a threat to their country made Dreyfus's apparent betrayal a particular outrage.

As details about the military's cover-up and evidence for Dreyfus's innocence

emerged, however, support for Dreyfus slowly grew, particularly among l i b e ra l s and

intellectuals. These "Dreyfusards" began to wed demands for justice for Dreyfus with calls

for d ras tic refor ms of French institutions, including the military , the government, and the

C atholic Church. The "unti-Dreyfusard" side that developed in opposition was animated

more by loy alty to the se institutions th an by any real conviction th at Dreyfus was gui lty.

The military in particul ar was widely re vered s

a a "democratic" est ablishment composed

of s oldiers from all wal ks of society, a nd questioning its honor was seen as an ass a ult on

society itself. As the sc andal d ragged on . the gui lt or innocence of Dreyfu s often seemed

li ke a minor issue compared w ith the culture war it had ignited within F rance.

According to University of Oxford historian Ruth Harris, the Dreyfus A ff air fi n a l l y

ended only when Dreyfus's supporters appe aled to their opponents' p atriotism and

reverence for the institutions they defended . Presentin g the in j ustice a g a i nst Dre yfus as a

violation of French honor and militar y proce dure, t hey persuaded t he a nti-Dreyfus a rds

th at correctin g the m istake w ould stren gthen, rather th an undermine, the country's

institut ions. H a rr is writes that while the Dreyfu s A ffai r m ay seem to h av e re sulted in a

cle ar triumph of enli ghtened attitudes over anti-Semitic p aranoia, this vie w is "good

rhetoric but poor history" bec ause it overloo ks the comple x viewpoints th at were held y
b

both sides . In f act, m a ny prominent anti - Dre y fus a rds were a lso emph atically opposed to

pre judice ag ainst Jews, while Dreyfus's first defender , P cqui art-who s acrificed his o wn

freedom in an effort to exone ra te the Jew sh i c aptain in the n a me of j ustice -wa s himself

unapolo getically anti -Semitic.

• 10 •
(35) To many people today, the Dreyfus Affair represents

1 an illustration of the dangers lO society that can emerge when a government

is forced to prioritize wartime concerns.

2 a turning point in the French criminal justice system that led to major

changes in the way convicted criminals are punished.

3 a reminder that the prejudices that exist beneath the framework of modern

society can be stronger than democratic ideals.

4 a key event in the progress toward contemporary French society's openness

10 diversity and commitment to personal freedom.

(36) According to the author of the passage, what primarily motivated the

development of the anti-Dreyfusard movement?

1 The rumor that a number of top French military officials had cooperated

with Alfred Dreyfus in providing Germany w i t h m i l i t a r y secrets.

2 The emergence of a new wave of anti-Semitism that began when military

officials discovered Alfred Dreyfus had lied about his religion.

3 The fact that supporters of Alfred Dreyfus were perceived as attacking a

respected institution that was considered to be representative of French society.

4 The news that Alfred Dreyfus had expressed both discontent w i t h the French

government and admiration for Germany's efforts in the Franco-Prussian War.

(37) What opinion docs Ruth Harris express about the Dreyfus Affair?

1 either its eventual outcome nor the ideologies of the two sides involved are

as clear-cut as they appear to be.

2 Dreyfus would have been freed from prison earlier had Lieutenant Colonel

Georges Picquart not been prejudiced against him.

3 The Dreyfusards were unable to present t h e i r case as convincingly as their

opponents due to a lack of effort by the intellectuals on their side.

4 The conviction and eventual release of Dreyfus led indirectly to the decline

of anti-Semitism in the French military as well as in French society.

• t I •
 The Fight over Conflict Diamonds

Equating diamonds with diamond business. They have tion of diamond sales: estimates

romantic love has become deeply worked to raise consumer aware­ by the United Nations suggest

ingrained in cultures throughout ness regarding so-called conflict they represented 15 percent of the

the world. However, this connec­ diamonds, which are described world diamond trade.

tion is a fairly recent invention, by the United Nations as .. dia­ By the end of the 20th cen­

the product of a campaign by the monds that originate from areas tury, increasing awareness or the

De Beers company to increase controlled by forces or factions role diamonds played in financ­

sales of diamonds in the 1940s opposed to legitimate and inter­ ing war and perpetuating human

and 1950s. By convincing con­ nationally recognized govern­ rights violations threatened 10

sumers that giving a diamond ments, and are used to fund eclipse their romantic image. I n

engagement ring was a necessary military action in opposition to 2000, bo w ing to pressure from

step on the way to marriage. the those governments." Many of the consumers a nd hum a n rights

company succeeded in creating a largest diamond mines are in groups, delegates from th e di a ­

tradition out of thin air. African countries that have mond industry a nd from govern­

The high price of diamonds undergone violent political up­ ments o r diamond-producing

is likewise rather artificial. since heaval, such as Liberia, Angola, countries met w i th human rights

the gems are not particularly the Democratic Republic of the organizations 111 K imberley,

rare. The major producers keep a Congo, and Sierra Leone. S outh Africa. to create a mecha­

tight rein on the worldwide sup­ The warfare financed in part nis m to identify con fl ict di a ­

ply of uncut diamonds. allowing by conflict diamonds has caused monds a nd exclude them from

them to keep prices high, while the injury, displacement, or death the i n t e rn a t i o n a l marketpl a ce.

their slick marketing campaigns of m i l l i o n s of Africans. Accord­ The result wa s the K i m berle y

reinforce the notion that dia­ ing to the human rights group P rocess C e n i fi c a t i o n S che m e

monds arc an inseparable part or Global Witness, such warfare (KPCS). adopted by the UN

the i n s t i t u t i o n of marriage. killed half a million people in G ene ra l Assembly i n 2003. The

Recently. though. human Angola alone in the 1990s. Dur­ K P CS ai ms 10 verify a nd g ra nt

rights activists have drawn uncn­ ing that time. conflict diamonds certi fi c at ion only to di a monds

tion 10 a grimmer aspect of the comprised a significant propor- from mi ning ope ra tions th a t do

(38) P eopl e's commonly held perception a bout di a mon d s is

1 a r esult cf the false b e l i ef th a t the gems ar e di fl i c u lt to e x t ra ct, despite the fact

th a t modern mining methods have made this task far easier.

2 a sign that marriage has become more of an economic pa r rn er s hip between

i n d i v i d u a l s than an emotion a l one.

3 l ikely to b ecome stronger because the decrease in the global supply of the

gems will lead to their price becoming even hi g her.

4 the p roduct of a successful effort b y a single com p any to persuade the p ublic

to associate the gems w it h romantic devotion .

(39) W hat have h uman ri g hts groups been tryin g to rai se consumers' awareness

abo ut'!

1 The fact th at p olitical struggles over certain diamon d mmes have led

c i v i l i a n s to resort t o violence t o gain control of them .

2 The r efusal of c e rtai n g overnments to allow major d i a mo n d c ompanies to

i nspect their diamond mines , w h i ch has caused problems for the industry.

3 The fa ct that the sa le of certain diamond s has helped fund warfare th a t has

resulted in the suffering of large numbers of people.

4 The use of diamonds by A frican governments to gain the sup p o rt of r iv a l

factions, w h i ch has led to pol i t i c a l instability and civil unrest.

• 12 •
not fi n a n c e a n t i g o v e rn m e n t sions are made by consensus, so a made a m ockery of the K P CS's

organizations. By 2010. a total or single member country can goal of keeping diamonds mined

75 countrie s had signed on as significantly hinder any attempts under i n h u m a n e condit i ons from

participants, agreeing to demand to take action. As a result, even reaching the market. A statement

certification identifying the oti­ when member countries are clear· by D e Beers spokesperson An·

gin of uncut diamonds, and refus­ ly in violation of protocols, puui­ drew Bone, however, suggested

ing to trade with suppliers that tive measures are rarely taken. In man y people overstate t he

are not KPCS certified. 2009, PACs Ian Smillie resigned K PC S's mandate. and that the

Although the KPCS has had as a representative or the K PCS. scheme w as never i ntended t o be

some success in hampering the In his resignation leuer, Smillie a "one-step shop" to deal w ith

trade in conflict diamonds, some wrote that "the Kimberley Proc­ all human rights abuses related

or its architects say it has fallen ess has been confronted by many to diamond mining .

short or its original intentions. challenges in the past five years, T he i ssue of Z imb a b w e

Partnership Africa Canada and it has fa iled to deal q uickly proved to be the last straw fo r

(PAC) and Global Witness. two or effectively wi th most or them. " G lobal Witness. T he group wit h·

human rights groups that helped E vents i n one member coun­ drew fr om the KPCS i n 2011,

establish the KPCS, have criti­ try. Z imb a bwe, f urther a lienated s a ying the scheme a llows the

cized it for fa i l i n g to prevent hum a n rights groups. A G lob a l diamond i ndustry to fa lsely re·

conflict diamonds from reaching Witness report documented assure consumers they are s e ll in g

the world market. One obstacle a buse at the government · run conflict-free gems. In a statement

to the effectiveness of the KPCS Mara nge di a mond fields, includ­ on G lob a l Witness's w ebsite, its

is the fact that its regulatory i n g the murder of workers by the fo unding director, Charmian

council's chair and vice-chair army. Zi mb a bwean author i t ies G ooch said, "T he sad truth is

positions go to a different rncrn­ denied any such abuse occurred. that most consumers s t i l l cannot

ber country every year. which however, and the KPCS still be sure where their di a m onds

makes sustained monitoring certi fi ed Ma range diamonds come from. nor whether they arc

efforts and decisive action because they did not fu nd rebel fin a ncing a rmed violence or abu-

. .

difficult. Furthermore. all deci- organizat i ons . M any believe th i s srve regimes.

(40) W hat d oes the a uthor of the pa ssage say is true of the Ki m berley Process

C e rt i fi c a tio n Scheme?

1 Its regulatory council ' s inco n sistent le a dership a nd d e cis i o n - r n a k i n g process

have p revented it from b eing effectively enforced.

2 Its a bility to identify c o n fl i c t d i a m on d s has been li m ited because some

h u m an rights groups have been un a ble to p a rtici pa te in it.

3 It has b een cr i ticiz e d b y th e dia m o n d ind u stry because the restr i ctions it

imposes have resulted in the i n d ustry su ff ering severe financial losses.

4 It angered diamond-industry representatives because its regulatory council

wo u ld n ot certify d ia m on d s that were clearly m ine d according to its protocols.

(41) What is one t h i n g An d rew B one i m plies ?

1 Human ri g hts groups such as Global Witness have given exaggerated

accounts of conditions at the Marange d ia m ond fields.

2 T he creators of the K PCS shoul d have revised their goals to focus on

blocking the sale of all d ia m on d s m ined at the expense of human rights.

3 T he KPCS ca n not be expected to tackle issues such as those in Zimbabwe

because it was not designed to deal with them in the first p lace.

4 Claims that all Zi mb abwea n d ia m on d s have KPCS certification are likely

false b ecause keeping track of' so m any diamonds woul d be almost i m possible.

• 13 •
Grade 1

English Composition

e Write an essay on the given TOPIC covering three of the POINTS below.

Use the space provided on your answer sheet.

e Structure: Three or more paragraphs, including an introduction and

conclusion

e Length: Around 200 words

TOPIC

Agree or disagree: Space exploration should be continued

POINTS

e Dangers

e Expense

e llltemational cooperation

e National pride

e Scientific research

e Space co/onhation

• 14 •
Grade 1

Listening Test

There are four parts to this listening test.

Part 1 Dialogues: 1 question each Multiple-choice

Part 2 Passages: 2 questions each Multiple-choice

Part 3 Real-Life: 1 question each Multiple-choice

Part 4 Interview: 2 questions Multiple-choice

r
:t Listen carefully to the instructions.

Part 1

No. 1 1 She may buy an inexpensive used bike.

2 She will check out prices for new bikes.

3 She plans to give her old bike to Dave.

4 She wants her husband to get her a bike.

No. 2 1 Talk to the neighbors about the noise.

2 Search for a new place to practice.

3 Find a way to avoid d i s t ur b i n g the neighbors.

4 Restrict practice sessions to the daytime.

No. 3 1 She has sent all her graduate-school applications.

2 She is unlikely to get accepted to graduate s c h o o l .

3 She will do more research about graduate schools.

4 She found another graduate school that may s u i t her.

No. 4 1 Faculty members might not obey the rules.

2 The changes do not go far enough.

3 It will cause c o m p l a i n t s from students.

4 S m o k i n g in offices will be a l lo w ed.

• 16 •
No. 5 1 Improve her job performance.

2 Ask her colleagues for advice.

3 Begin looking for a new job.

4 Make her work ambitions clearer.

No. 6 1 Her sister and her husband do not get along.

2 Her siste r will fi n d something to criticize.

3 Her husband may say something embarrassing.

4 Her husband forgot about her sister's visit.

No. 7 1 The man is overdoing his t ra i n i n g .

2 The man looks young for his age.

3 Building more muscle will help the man.

4 Getting injured t augh t the man a lesson.

No. 8 1 The economy will improve soon.

2 Many providers are based overseas.

3 Businesses should pay more for I n t e rn e t .

4 Providers feel no pressure to i m p ro v e service.

No. 9 1 She thinks her department may be eliminated.

2 She thinks the new game will not be popular.

3 The user tests will take longer than expected.

4 The Space Titans game will not meet requirements.

No. 10 1 A rlene should not leave the baby with Jonathan.

2 Jonathan should not be trusted with money.

3 Judy should not let Arlene move back home.

4 A rlen e should not be given any money.

• 17 •
Grade 1

Listening Test

Part 2

(A) No. II I A lack of food due to s h r i n k i n g h a b i t a t .

2 A lack of variation within their populations.

3 The introduction of a new disease.

4 The introduction of snakes from the U.S.

No. 12 I By restricting urban development.

2 By h e l p i n g t h e m to move between habitats.

3 By b a n n i n g people from t h e i r habitats.

4 By breeding them in captivity.

(B) No. 13 1 They are p o t e n t i a l l y a v a l u a b l e resource.

2 They are better olT l i v i n g abroad.

3 They should not be allowed 10 return home.

4 They s h o u l d be forced to send some e a rn i n g s home.

No. 14 1 It supports Ecuadorians who want to l i v e abroad.

2 It emphasizes Rafael Correa's success while living

abroad.

3 It allows Ecuadorians l i v i n g abroad to vote.

4 It uses the media to influence Ecuadorians living

abroad.

• 18 •
(C) No. 15 1 Stores have reduced their prices.

2 Farmers are growing different crops.

3 Some people's diets have improved.

4 Fewer people are eating al restaurants.

No. 16 1 Foraging has led to t h e disappearance or many species.

2 Foraging may d i s t u r b the natural ecological balance.

3 Foraging-related illnesses are increasing.

4 Foraging for certain plants may be illegal.

(D) No. 17 1 To demonstrate h i s writing ability.

2 To sell them to collectors.

3 To make h i s father happy.

4 To show how easily people can be fooled.

No. 18 1 His father recognized his l i t e ra r y t a l e n t .

2 His father refused to speak to him.

3 He was sentenced to death for his crime.

4 He was criticized by literary experts.

(E) No. 19 1 Improve relations between rival companies.

2 Provide full genetic maps of cacao.

3 Confirm the accuracy or previous genetic maps.

4 Find an alternative method or m a k i n g chocolate.

No. 20 1 The data will be a v a i l a b l e to everyone.

2 They will file a patent for their discoveries.

3 The data will be sold to farmers.

4 They do not aim to identify individual genes.

• 19 •
Grade 1

Listening Test

Part 3

(F) No. 21 Situation: You work as a part-time supermarket cashier.

You attend school from 2 to 7 p.m, on Wednesdays

and all day on Fridays. You receive the following

voicemail message.

Question: What should you do?

1 Call Jen Walters before Wednesday.

2 Contact Officer Madison.

3 Attend the first t r a i n i n g session.

4 Get a ride w i t h a co-worker.

(G) No. 22 Situation: A contractor is g i v i n g you advice on renovating

your home, which you are p l a n n i n g to sell.

Question: What should you have the contractor work on?

1 The deck.

2 The kitchen.

3 The basement.

4 The l i v i n g room.

• 20 •
(H) No. 23 Situation: You receive a voicemail message from your

recruitment agency. You have lived in Europe and

want 10 make use of t h a t experience w h i l e l i v i n g in

the U.S.

Question: What should you ask the agent to do?

1 Set up a meeting with NasTech.

2 Tell Zentronix you are interested.

3 Find out more about Blake I n t e rn a t i o n a l .

4 Look for a more s u i t a b l e company.

(!) No. 24 Situation: You are discussing your Anal paper with your

college professor. You need an A to qualify for a

scholarship but do not have time to start over.

Question: W ha t should you do?

1 Quote your sources more frequently.

2 Avoid i n c l u d i n g the Freemasons.

3 Reduce the number of examples you use.

4 Use the sources your professor suggested.

(J) No. 25 Situation: Y o u r car will not start. The battery is fine, but

when you turn the key, you hear nothing. You

called a friend who is a mechanic for advice. He

leaves the following voicemail message.

Question: W ha t should you do?

1 Wait for your friend to come over.

2 Check the connections to the starter.

3 Buy a new fuel pump.

4 Gel the starter relay replaced.

• 21 •
Grade 1

Listening Test

Part 4

No. 26 1 The ones performed in English tend to be more popul ar.

2 Japanese people relate easily to those dealing with

community issues.

3 The ones that i n c l u d e fantasy do not translate well into

Japanese.

4 Japanese people prefer those based on lighter themes.

No. 27 1 She fi n d s s i n g i n g in bars difficult to get used to.

2 She enjoys the variation that community theater

provides.

3 Income from her professional work can be unstable.

4 Professional smgmg needs more rehearsal than

c o m m u n i t y theater.

• 22 •
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