Laboratorio 12

Resuelva las siguientes ecuaciones diferenciales.

𝒅𝒚 𝒚−𝒙+𝟏
1. =
𝒅𝒙 𝒚−𝒙+𝟓

(𝑦 − 𝑥 + 5) 𝑑𝑦 = (𝑦 − 𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥

∫ (𝑦 − 𝑥 + 5) 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (𝑦 − 𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥
1 1
(2) 𝑦 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 5𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦 − (2) 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 𝐶
1 1
(2) 𝑦 2 + (5 − 2𝑥 )𝑦 + (2) 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 𝐶 = 0

2. (𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚)𝒅𝒙 + (𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟑)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎

(2 − 𝑦/𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + (4 − 2𝑦/𝑥 + 3/𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = 2𝑥 − 𝑦𝑙𝑛(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑦)
𝜕𝑢 2𝑦 3
= −𝑙𝑛(𝑥 ) + 𝑔′ (𝑦) = 4 − +
𝜕𝑦 𝑥 𝑥

2𝑥 − 𝑦𝑙𝑛(𝑥) + 4𝑦 + 3𝑙𝑛(𝑥) + 𝐶 = 0
𝒅𝒚
3. = (𝒙 + 𝒚)𝑳𝒏(𝒙 + 𝒚)
𝒅𝒙
1
𝜇 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒𝑥𝑝(∫ −𝐿𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 𝑦
1
( )𝑑𝑦 𝐿𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦)
𝑥+𝑦
− ( ) 𝑦 = 𝐿𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥+𝑦
1
∫( )𝑑𝑦 𝐿𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦)
𝑥+𝑦
− ∫( ) 𝑦 = ∫ 𝐿𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥+𝑦

𝑙𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦) − 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝐿𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦) − (𝑥 + 𝑦) + 𝐶
𝑦 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝐿𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦) − (𝑥 + 𝑦) + 𝐶 − 𝑙𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦)
𝒅𝒚 𝒙𝟐 −𝒚𝟐
4. =
𝒅𝒙 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
= 𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑣 𝑥2 − 𝑣2 𝑥2 𝑑𝑣 1 − 𝑣2
𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥2 + 𝑣2 𝑥2 => 𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 1 + 𝑣2

𝑑𝑣 1 − 2𝑣 2 − 𝑣 4
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 1 + 𝑣2

∫ (1 + 𝑣 2 ) 1
(1 − 2𝑣 2 − 𝑣 4 )𝑑𝑣
= ∫ (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
 𝑦
𝑣 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑙𝑛(𝑥 ) + 𝐶 ) => 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑙𝑛(𝑥 ) + 𝐶 ) => 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑙𝑛(𝑥 ) + 𝐶 )

𝒅𝒚 𝒙𝟐 +𝒙𝒚+𝒚𝟐
5. =
𝒅𝒙 𝒙𝟐

𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 2
+ (𝑥 ) = 1 + ( 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑧 𝑦 −2 𝑑𝑦
=−
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑦 −2 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑧 𝑧 𝑧 2
− + (𝑥 ) = 1 + ( 𝑥 ) => − 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥) = 1 + (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑧 𝑧 𝑧 2 1 1
− (𝑥) = −1 − (𝑥) => 𝜇(𝑥 ) = 𝑒𝑥𝑝 (∫ − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥) = 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
1
1 𝑧 1 𝑧 ∫ ( )𝑑𝑧 𝑧 1 𝑧
𝑥
(𝑥) 𝑑𝑧/𝑑𝑥 − (𝑥2 ) = − 𝑥 − (𝑥3 ) => 𝑑𝑥
− ∫ (𝑥2 ) = ∫ − 𝑥 − ∫ (𝑥3 )
𝑧 𝐶 𝑥
𝑥
= −𝑙𝑛(𝑥 ) + 𝑥 => 𝑦 = 𝐶 − 𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥)

6. 𝒙𝒚𝟑 𝒅𝒚 = (𝟐𝒚𝟒 − 𝒙𝟒 )𝒅𝒙

𝑥 𝑥
(𝑥 − 2𝑦 4 )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 = 0 => ( 3 − 2) 𝑑𝑥 + ( 2 ) 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑦 𝑦
1
( )𝑥 2
2
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = − 2𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)
𝑦3

𝜕𝑢 3𝑥 2 𝑥
= − 2𝑦4 + 𝑔′(𝑦) = 𝑦 2
𝜕𝑦
1
( )𝑥 2
2
− 2𝑥 + 𝐶 = 0
𝑦3

𝒅𝒚
7. = 𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝒙 + 𝒚)
𝒅𝒙
𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
= 1 + 𝑑𝑥 => − 1 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑧)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑧
= 1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑧) => = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑧)

∫ 𝑑𝑧
1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑧)
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥

𝑧
𝑧 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (2) = 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) = 𝑥 + 𝐶 => 𝑦 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( )=𝐶
2 2

𝒅𝒚
8. 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒚(𝑳𝒏𝒚 − 𝑳𝒏𝒙)
𝑑𝑢
𝑥 (𝑑𝑥 ) = 𝑢(𝐿𝑛𝑢 − 𝐿𝑛(𝑥 ))
𝑑𝑢 𝑢(𝐿𝑛𝑢 − 𝐿𝑛𝑥)
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
 ∫ 𝑑𝑢 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑢(𝐿𝑛𝑢 − 𝐿𝑛(𝑥))
= 𝑥
=> 𝑙𝑛(𝐿𝑛𝑢 − 𝐿𝑛(𝑥 )) = 𝑙𝑛(𝑥 ) + 𝐶

𝑢 = 𝑒 𝐿𝑛(𝑥)+ 𝐶𝑥 = 𝑥𝑒 𝐶𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝐶𝑥
𝒅𝒚 𝒙𝒚
9. = 𝒙𝟐 −𝒙𝒚+𝒚𝟐
𝒅𝒙

(𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥

∫ (𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥
1 1 1 1
(3) 𝑥 3 𝑦 − (2) 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + (3) 𝑦 3 = (2) 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝐶
1 1 1 1
( ) 𝑥 3 𝑦 − ( ) 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + ( ) 𝑦 3 − ( ) 𝑥 2𝑦 − 𝐶 = 0
3 2 3 2

𝒙 𝒅𝒚 𝟐𝒙𝟑−𝒙𝟐𝒚−𝒚𝟑
10. 𝒚 𝒅𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚𝟑 −𝒙𝒚𝟐 +𝒙𝟑 = 𝟎

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
= 𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑥 𝑑𝑣 2𝑥 3 −𝑥 2 𝑣𝑥−𝑣𝑥 3 𝑑𝑣 2𝑥 2 −𝑥 2 𝑣 2 −𝑣 3 𝑥 3
(𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥) + 2𝑣𝑥3 −𝑥(𝑣𝑥)2 +𝑥3 = 0 => 𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑣 3 𝑥3 − 𝑥 𝑣2 𝑥2 +𝑥3 = 0
𝑣𝑥

𝑑𝑣
(𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥) (2𝑣 3 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 𝑣 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 ) = −(2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 𝑣 2 − 𝑣 3 𝑥 3 )

𝑑𝑣 𝑣 3 𝑥 3 −2𝑣 3 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 𝑣 2 − 2𝑥 2 𝑣 2+𝑣 3 𝑥 3 ∫ (𝑣 2 𝑥−2𝑥 𝑣 2 +𝑣 3 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = => ∫ (𝑥 3 − 2𝑣 3 𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑣 =
𝑥 3 −2𝑣 3 𝑥 3 𝑥

𝑣3 𝑥4 𝑥3 𝑥2 𝑣3𝑥
− 𝑣4 = 𝑣2 − 𝑥𝑣 2 + + 𝐶
4 4 2 3

𝑦 3 𝑦 4 𝑦 2 𝑦 3
( ) 𝑥4 ( ) 𝑥3 ( ) 𝑥2 𝑦 2 ( ) 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
− = − 𝑥 (𝑥 ) + +𝐶
4 4 2 3

𝑦3 𝑦4 𝑦2 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑦3
− 4𝑥 = − + 3𝑥 + 𝐶
4 2 2

4𝑦 3
𝑥𝑦 3 − 𝑦 4 = 2𝑥𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 3
+ 4𝐶𝑥
𝒚
11. 𝒚𝒅𝒙 + 𝒙 (𝑳𝒏 𝒙 − 𝟐) 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
𝑦
𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥(𝐿𝑛(𝑥 ) − 2)𝑑𝑦 = 0 => (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + (𝐿𝑛(𝑥 ) − 2)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝜕𝑢
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑦𝑙𝑛(𝑥 ) + 𝑔(𝑦) => = 𝑙𝑛(𝑥 ) + 𝑔′(𝑦) = 𝐿𝑛(𝑥 )– 2
𝜕𝑦

𝑦𝑙𝑛(𝑥 ) − 2𝑦 + 𝐶 = 0
𝒅𝒚 𝟏
12. 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙+𝒚+𝟏

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
= 𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
 𝑑𝑣 1 𝑑𝑣 1
𝑣+ 𝑥 = => 𝑣 + 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑣𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥 𝑥(1 + 𝑣)+ 1

𝑑𝑣
(𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥) (𝑥 (1 + 𝑣 ) + 1) = 1
𝑑𝑣 𝑣 1
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − 1 + 𝑣 => ∫(1 + 𝑣 )𝑑𝑣 = ∫ (− 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

𝑣 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒|1 + 𝑣 | = −𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒|𝑥| + 𝐶
𝑦 𝑦
(𝑥) + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 |(1 + 𝑥)| = −𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒|𝑥 | + 𝐶

𝑦 + 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒|𝑥 + 𝑦| = −𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒|𝑥 | + 𝐶𝑥
𝒅𝒚
13. 𝒅𝒙 = (𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟏)𝟐

𝑑𝑦 ∫ 𝑑𝑦
(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1)2
= 𝑑𝑥 => (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1)2
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1
−𝑥+𝑦+1 = 𝑥 + 𝐶
1
𝑦 = − − 𝑥– 1
𝑥+𝐶
𝒅𝒚
14. 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 (𝒙 + 𝒚)

𝑑𝑦 ∫ 𝑑𝑦
= 𝑑𝑥 => = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (𝑥 + 𝑦)

−𝑐𝑜𝑡(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑦 = −𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 (𝑥 + 𝐶 )– 𝑥
𝒅𝒚 𝟔𝒙+𝒚−𝟏𝟐
15. 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟔𝒙−𝒚−𝟏𝟐

(6𝑥 − 𝑦 − 12)𝑑𝑦 = (6𝑥 + 𝑦 − 12)𝑑𝑥

∫(6𝑥 − 𝑦 − 12)𝑑𝑦 = ∫(6𝑥 + 𝑦 − 12)𝑑𝑥

1 1
6𝑥𝑦 − ( ) 𝑦 2 − 12𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 + ( ) 𝑦 2 − 12𝑥 + 𝐶
2 2

𝑦 2 − 12𝑦 − 12𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑦 − 𝐶 = 0

𝒅𝒚 𝒙+𝒚−𝟏
16. 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙−𝒚−𝟏

(𝑥 − 𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑦 = (𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑥 => ∫(𝑥 − 𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑦 = ∫(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑥

1 1 1
𝑥𝑦 − (2) 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 = (2) 𝑥 2 + (2) 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 + 𝐶
1 1
𝑦 2 − 𝑥𝑦 − (2) 𝑥 2 + (2) 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 − 𝐶 = 0

17. (𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟏)𝒅𝒙 + (𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟏)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎

𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)
𝜕𝑢
= 3𝑥 + 𝑔′(𝑦) = 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1
𝜕𝑦

1
2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 + (2) 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 + 𝐶 = 0
𝒅𝒚 𝟐𝒙+𝟑𝒚+𝟏
18. 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙−𝟐𝒚−𝟓

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
= 𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
1
𝑑𝑣 2𝑥+3𝑣𝑥+1 𝑑𝑣 2+3𝑣+
𝑥
𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑥−2𝑣𝑥−5 => 𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 5
3−2𝑣−
𝑥

𝑑𝑣 5 1
(𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥) (3 − 2𝑣 − 𝑥) = 2 + 3𝑣 + 𝑥
𝑑𝑣 5𝑣+3 (5𝑣+3)𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑣+5 => ∫(2𝑣 + 5)𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑥

𝑣 2 + 5𝑣 = 5 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒|𝑥 | + 3 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒|𝑥 | + 𝐶
𝑦 2 𝑦
(𝑥) + 5 (𝑥) = 5 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒|𝑥 | + 3 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒|𝑥 | + 𝐶

𝑦 2 + 5𝑥𝑦 = 8𝑥 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒|𝑥 | + 𝐶 𝑥 2
19. (𝒙 − 𝒚 + 𝟒)𝒅𝒙 + (𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝟐)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
(𝑥 − 𝑦 + 4)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2)𝑑𝑦 = 0
1
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = (2) 𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)
𝜕𝑢
= −𝑥 + 𝑔′ (𝑦) = 𝑥 + 𝑦 – 2
𝜕𝑦

1 1
( ) 𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑥 + ( ) 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 𝐶 = 0
2 2

20. (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟒)𝒅𝒙 + 𝟑(𝒙 − 𝒚)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎

𝑀 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 4
𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) = 3𝑥 − 3𝑦
𝜕𝑀
= −3
𝜕𝑦

𝜕𝑁
= 3
𝜕𝑥

𝜇 (𝑥, 𝑦)𝑀 (𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝜇 (𝑥, 𝑦)𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0 => 𝜇 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2

𝑥 2 (2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 4)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 (3𝑥 − 3𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 𝐶 = 0
32 (2) − 33 + 2(3)2 − 4(3) + 𝐶 = 0
𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 15 = 0
 21. (𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟏)𝒅𝒙 + (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟏)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 − 3𝑑𝑦
(𝑢 + 1)𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑢 + 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0 => ∫(𝑢 + 1)𝑑𝑢 = ∫(−2𝑢 − 1)𝑑𝑦
𝑢2
( 2 + 𝑢) = (−𝑢2 − 𝑢)𝑦 + 𝐶

𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 𝐶 = 0
𝒅𝒚 𝒙+𝒚−𝟏
22. 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙+𝟐𝒚−𝟏

𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦
= 1 + 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢 (𝑢−1) 𝑑𝑢 3𝑢−2
= 1+ => = => ∫(2𝑢 − 1)𝑑𝑢 = ∫(3𝑢 − 2)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2𝑢−1 𝑑𝑥 2𝑢−1

3
𝑢2 − 𝑢 = (2) 𝑢2 − 2𝑥 + 𝐶
1
𝑥 = ( ) 𝑢2 − 𝑢 + 𝐶
2

1
𝑥 = (2) (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 − (𝑥 + 𝑦) + 𝐶

𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒|3𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2| + 3𝑥 − 6𝑦 = 𝐶
𝒅𝒚 𝒙+𝒚+𝟔
23. 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙−𝒚

(𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 6)𝑑𝑥 => ∫(𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = ∫(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 6)𝑑𝑥

1 1
(𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑦 − ( ) 𝑦 2 = ( ) 𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 6𝑥 + 𝐶
2 2

𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 + 12𝑥 + 𝐶 = 0
𝒅𝒚 𝒙−𝒚−𝟑
24. 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙+𝒚−𝟏

(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑦 = (𝑥 − 𝑦 − 3)𝑑𝑥 => ∫(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑦 = ∫(𝑥 − 𝑦 − 3)𝑑𝑥

1 1
(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1)𝑦 − ( ) 𝑦 2 = ( ) 𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑥 + 𝐶
2 2

𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 𝐶 = 0