Solution

MENTOR PREP PROBABLITY

JEE main - Mathematics

1.
(b) 5
Explanation: Let the number of children in each family be x.
Thus the total number of children in both families are 2x
Now, it is given that 3 tickets are distributed amongst the children of these two families.
Thus, the probability that all the three tickets go to the children in family B
x
C3 1
= =
2x 12
C3

x(x−1)(x−2) 1
⇒ =
2x(2x−1)(2x−2) 12

(x−2) 1
⇒ =
(2x−1) 6

⇒ x=5
Thus, the number of children in each family is 5.
2.
(b) 11
1

Explanation: Probability of 4 member committee which contain atleast one woman.

⇒ P(3M, 1W) + P(2M, 2W) + P(1M, 3 W) + P(0M, 4W)
10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5
C3 C1 C2 C2 C1 C3 C0 C4
⇒ + + +
15 C 15 C 15 C 15 C
4 4 4 4

600 450 100 5 1155

⇒ + + + ⇒
1365 1365 1365 1365 1365

∴ The probability of committees to have more women than men.

P(1M,3 W)+P(0M,4 W)
=
P(3M,1 W)+P(2M,2 W)+P(1M,3 W)+P(0M,4 W)

105

1365 1
= =
1155 11

1365

3.
(b) 1

Explanation: P = Set of students who opted for NCC

Q = Set of Students who opted for NSS
n(P) =40, n(Q) = 30, n(P ∩ Q) = 20
n(P ∪ Q) = n{P) + n(Q) - n(P ∩ Q)
= 40 + 30 - 20 = 50
50
∴ Hence, required probability = 1 −
1
=
60 6

4.
(c) 12

Explanation: We can apply binomial probability distribution We have n = 10

p = Probability of drawing a green ball = =
15

25
3

Also q = 1 − 3

5
=
2

Variance = npq = 10 × 3

5
×
2

5
=
12

5.
(d) P ( A

′
) =
1

3
B

Explanation: A and B are independent events.

1 1 1
′ − ⋅
P (A∩ B )
So, P ( A

′
) =
′
=
3 3

1
6
=
1

3
B P (B )
6

6.
(b) 16
7

Explanation: We have, P (exactly one of A or B occurs)

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 = P(A ∪ B) - P(A ∩ B)
= P(A) + P(B) -2P(A ∩ B)
According to the question,
1
P (A) + P (B) − 2P (A ∩ B) =
4
...(i)
P (B) + P (C ) − 2P (B ∩ C ) =
1

4
...(ii)
and P (C ) + P (A) − 2P (C ∩ A) = 1

4
...(iii)
On adding Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
2 [P(A) + P(B) + P(C) - P(A ∩ B) - P(B ∩ C) - P(C ∩ A)] = 3

⇒ P(A) + P(B) + P(C) - P(A ∩ B) - P(B ∩ C) - P(C ∩ A) = 3

∴ P (atleast one event occurs)

= P (A ∪ B ∪ C)
= P(A) + P(B) + P(C) - P(A ∩ B) - P(B ∩ C) - P(C ∩ A) + P(A ∩ B ∩ C) [∵ P (A ∩ B ∩ C ) = 1

16
]

3 1 7
= + =
8 16 16

7.
(b) 5

33

Explanation: For an A.P. 2b = a + c (even), so both a and c even numbers or odd numbers from given numbers and b numbers
will be fixed automatically.
6 5
C2 + C2 25 5
Required probability = 11
=
165
=
33
C

8.
(c) 17
8

Explanation: Let B1 and B2 be the boxes and N be the number of the non-prime number.
∵ P(B1) = P(B2) = 1

and P (non-prime number)

= P (B1 ) × P (
B1
N
) + P (B2 ) × P (
N

¯
) = 1

2
×
20

30
+
1

2
×
15

20
B2

So,
N
P ( B1 )×P ( )
B1 B
1
P ( ) =
N N N
P ( B1 )×P ( )+P ( B2 )×P ( )
B B
1 2
1 20 1
×
2 30 3 8
= = =
1 20 1 15 1 15 17
× + × +
2 30 2 20 3 40

9. (a) P(E C
2
) - P(E2)
C C C C
P [ E1 ∩ ( E ∩E )]
E ∩E 2 3

Explanation: P (
2 3
) =
E1 P ( E1 )

BC)
P ( E1 )−P [ E1 ∩ ( E2 ∪ E3 )]
=
P ( E1 )
[∵ P(A ∩ = P(A) - P(A ∩ B)]
P ( E1 )−P [( E1 ∩ E2 )∪ ( E1 ∩ E3 )]
=
P ( E1 )

P ( E1 )−[P ( E1 ∩ E2 )+P ( E1 ∩ E3 )−P ( E1 ∩ E2 ∩ E3 )]

=
P ( E1 )

P ( E1 )−P ( E1 ∩ E2 )−P ( E1 ∩ E3 )+0

=
P ( E1 )

= 1 - P(E2) - P(E3) [∵ P(A ∩ B) = P(A).P(B)]

= P(E C
2
) - P(E3) or P(E C
2
) - P(E2)

10.
(d) 1

27

Explanation: Favourable case = (6, 6, 6)

Total case = {(1, 1, 1), (2, 2, 1), (2, 2, 2), (2, 2, 3), (3, 3, 1 ).... (3, 3, 5), (4, 4, 1).... (4, 4, 6), (5, 5, 1).... (5, 5, 6), (6, 6, 1).... (6,
6, 6)}
which satisfies condition a + b > c
Number of total case = 27
Probability = 1

27

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11.
(b) 1/2
Explanation: Total number of ways to arrange 3 boys and 2 girls are 5!
According to given condition, following cases may arise
B G G B B

G G B B B

G B G B B

G B B G B

B G B G B
So, number of favourable ways = 5 × 3! × 2! = 60
∴ Required probability =
60 1
=
120 2

12. (a) [0.25, 0.35]

Explanation: ∵ P (A ∩ B) = P (A) + P (B) − P (A ∪ B)
= 1 - 0.8 = 0.2
Now,
∵ P (A ∪ B ∪ C ) = P (A) + P (B) + P (C ) − P (A ∩ B) −P (B ∩ C ) − P (C ∩ A) + P (A ∩ B ∩ C )

⇒ α = 0.6 + 0.4 + 0.5 - 0.2 - β - 0.3 + 0.2

⇒ β = 1.2 - α
∵ α ∈ [0.85, 0.95] then β ∈ [0.25, 0.35]

13.
5
(b) 20
2

Explanation: Number of subset of S = 220

20(21) n(n+1)
Sum of elements in S is 1 + 2 +.....+ 20 = 2
= 210 [∵ 1 + 2 + … … + n = 2
]

Clearly, the sum of elements of a subset would be 203, if we consider it as follows

S - {7}, S - {1,6} S - {2,5}, S - {3,4}
S - {1 ,2 ,4 }
∴ Number of favourables cases = 5
5
Hence, required probability = 20
2

14.
(c) P(A) + P(B) = 1
Explanation: Let A and B be two events such that
P (A ∪ B) = P (A ∩ B)
and P (A ∪ B) = P (A) + P (B) - P (A ∩ B)
since P (A ∪ B) = P (A ∩ B) (given)
therefore A and B are equally likely
∴ P (A ∩ B') = 0 and P (A' ∩ B) = 0

⇒ P (A) - P (A ∩ B) = 0 and P (B) - P (A ∩ B) = 0

⇒ P (A) = P (A ∩ B) and P(B) = P (A ∩ B)

Thus P(A) = P (B) = P (A ∩ B) = P (A ∪ B)

[∵ Given P (A ∩ B) = P (A ∪ B)]
Also, we know
P (A ∪ B) = P(A) + P (B) - P (A ∩ B)
= P (A ∩ B) + P (A ∩ B) - P (A ∩ B)
= P (A ∩ B)
which is true from given condition
15.
(d) 11

16

Explanation: P(second A - card appears before the third B - card) = P (AA) + P (ABA) + P (BAA) + P (ABBA) + P (BBAA)

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 + P (BABA)
1 1 1 1 1 1 11
= + + + + + =
4 8 8 16 16 16 16

16.
(b) 1

Explanation: E1 [the event for getting score a multiple of 4] = (1, 3), (3, 1), (2, 2), (2, 6), (6, 2), (3, 5), (5, 3), (4, 4), & (6, 6)
E2 [4 has appeared atleast once]
= (1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4), (4, 4), (5, 4), (6, 4), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 5), & (4, 6)
E1 ∩ E2 = (4, 4)
E2 1
P ( ) =
E1 9

17.
(c) 25

32

Explanation: Given that probability of hitting a target independently by four persons are respectively
1 1 1 1
P1 = , P2 = , P3 = andP4 =
2 3 4 8

Then, the probability of not hitting the target is

1 1 1 1
= (1 − ) (1 − ) (1 − ) (1 − )
2 3 4 8

[∵ events are independent]

1 2 3 7 7
= × × × =
2 3 4 8 32

Therefore, the required probability of hitting the target = 1 - (Probability of not hitting the target)
7 25
= 1 − =
32 32

18.
7
(c) 16
4 2
C1 × C1 2
Explanation: The probability of drawing a white ball and then a red ball from bag B is given by 9
=
9
C2
2 3
C1 × C1
The probability of drawing a white ball and then a red ball from bag A is given by 7C
=
2

7
2
2

2×7 7
Hence, the probability of drawing a white ball and then a red ball from bag B =
9
= =
2 2 18+14 16
+
7 9

19.
(b) 235

256

Explanation: PLAN: It is simple application of independent event, to solve a certain problem or any type of competition each
event in independent of other.
Formula used:
P (A ∩ B) = P (A) ⋅ P (B) , when A and B are independent events.

Probability that the problems is solved correctly by atleast one of them = 1 - (problems is not solved by all)
∴ P (problem is solved) = 1 - P (problem is not solved)

¯ ¯ ¯ ¯
= 1 − P (A) ⋅ P (B) ⋅ P (C ) ⋅ P (D)

1 1 3 7 21 235
= 1 − ( ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ) = 1 − =
2 4 4 8 256 256

20.
(d) 1

Explanation:
k 0 1 2 3 4 5
1 12 11 5 2 1
P(k) 32 32 32 32 32 32

k = No. of times head occur consecutively

Now expectation
= ∑ xP (k) = (−1) × + (−1) × + (−1) ×
32
1 12

32
11

32
+ 3 ×
5

32
+ 4 ×
2

32
+ 5 ×
1

32
=
1

21.
1
(b) 11

Explanation: Let event B is being boy while event G being girl. According to the question, P(P) = P(G) = 1

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 Now, required conditional probability that all children are girls given that at least two are girls, is
All 4 girls
=
(All 4 girls )+( exactly 3 girls +1 boy) ( exactly 2 girls +2 boys )

4
1
( )
2 1 1
= = =
4 3 2 2 1+4+6 11
1 4 1 1 4 1 1
( ) + C3 ( ) ( ) + C2 ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2

22.
6
(c) 55

Explanation: Total number of ways of selecting 2 different numbers from {0, 1, 2, ..., 10} = 11C2 = 55
Let two numbers selected be x and y
Then, x + y = 4m ...(i)
and x - 4 = 4n ...(ii)
⇒ 2x = 4(m + n) and 2y = 4(m - n)

⇒ x = 2(m + n) and y = 2(m - n)

∴ x and y both are even numbers

x y

0 4, 8

2 6,10

4 0, 8

6 2, 10

8 0, 4

10 2, 6
∴ Required probability = 55
6

23.
11
55
(d) 3
(
2

3
)

Explanation: We have mentioned that boxes are different and one particular box has 3 balls.
12 9 11
C3 × 2
Then, number of ways = 12
=
55

3
(
2

3
)
3

24. (a) 10
1

Explanation: Since, there is a regular hexagon, then the number of ways of choosing three vertices is 6C3. And, there is only
two ways i.e. choosing vertices of a regular hexagon alternate, here A1, A3, A5 or A2, A4, A6 will result in an equilateral
triangle.

∴ Required probability = 6C
2
=
2

6!
=
2×3×2×3×2

6×5×4×3×2×1
=
1

10
3
3!3!

25. (a) 0.10

Explanation: P{exactly one) = 2

⇒ P(A) + P(B) - 2P(A∩B) = 2

P(A or B) = P(A ∪B) = 1

⇒ P(A) + P(B) - P (A ∩ B) = 1

2
5−4
∴ P (A ∩ B) =
1

2
−
2

5
=
10
=
1

10
= 0.10
23
26. (a) 36

Explanation: ∑ P(K) = 1 ⇒ 6K2 + 5K = 1

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 6K2 + 5K - 1 = 0
6K2 + 6k - k - 1 = 0
⇒ (6K - 1) (K + 1) = 0
1
⇒ K =
6
{K = -1 rejected)
P(X > 2) = K + 2K + 5K2
1 2 5 6+12+5 23
= + + = =
6 6 36 36 36

27.
(b) 135

4
10

Explanation: Total outcomes = 9(104)

Favourable outcomes
= 9C2(25 - 2) + 9C1 (24 - 1) = 36(30) + 9(15)
36×30+9×15 4×30+15 135
Probability = 4
=
4
=
4
9×10 10 10

28. (a) 2

Explanation: In {1, 2, 3, 11} there are 5 even numbers and 6 odd numbers. The sum even is possible only when both are odd
or both are even.
Let A be the event that denotes both numbers are even and B be the event that denotes sum of numbers is even.
Then, n (A) = 5C2 and n(B) = 5C2 + 6C2
Required probability
5
C2

11
P (A∩ B) C2
P (A/B) = =
P (B) ( 6 C +5 C )
2 2

11 C
2
5
C2 10 2
= = =
6 5 15+10 5
C2 + C2

29.
(b) 2

Explanation: Key idea: Use the theorem of total probability

Let E1 = Event that first ball drawn is red
E2 = Event that first ball drawn is black
A = Event that second ball drawn is red
4 A 6
P (E1 ) = ,P ( ) =
10 E1 12

6 A 4
⇒ P (E2 ) = ,P ( ) =
10 E2 12

By law of total probability

A A
P (A) = P (E1 ) × P ( ) + P (E2 ) × P ( )
E1 E2

4 6 6 4 24+24 48 2
= × + × = = =
10 12 10 12 120 120 5

30.
(b) independent but not equally likely
¯
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
¯
Explanation: Given P (A ∪ B ) = 1

6
, P (A ∩ B) =
1

4
¯
, P (A) =
1

4
¯
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
¯ 1 5
∴ P (A ∪ B) = 1 − P (A ∪ B ) = 1 − =
6 6

and P (A) = 1 − P (A
¯
)= 1 −
1

4
=
3

∴ P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)

5 3 1
= + P (B) −
6 4 4

⇒ P (B) =
1

3
⇒ A and B are not equally likely
1
P (A ∩ B) = P (A) ⋅ P (B) =
4

So, events are independent.

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