BVM ENGINEERING COLLEGE [AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION]

2CE01: FLUID MECHANICS

CREDIT - 4 (LTP:3,0,1)

Course Objectives:
1. Understand the properties of fluids
2. Measurement of pressure, computations of hydrostatic forces on structural components and
the concepts of Buoyancy.
3. Provide a first level exposure to the students to fluid kinematics and dynamics.
4. Apply continuity, energy and momentum equations to engineering problems in the use of
orifice, flow meters and notches.
5. Calculate surface resistance in laminar and turbulent flows and understand the basic concept
of boundary layer theory.
6. Evaluate the head loss in pipes.

Teaching and Assessment Scheme:

Teaching Scheme
Credits Assessment Scheme
(Hours per week)
Total
Theory Practical Marks
L T P C
ESE CE ESE CE
3 0 2 4 60 40 20 30 150

Course Content:
Unit Teaching
Topics
No. Hours
1 Fluid Properties: 04
Basic Concepts and Definitions – Distinction between a fluid and a solid;
Density, Specific weight, Specific gravity, Kinematic and dynamic
viscosity; variation of viscosity with temperature, Newton law of viscosity;
Vapour pressure, Cavitation; Surface tension, Capillarity, Bulk modulus of
elasticity, Compressibility.
2 Fluid Statics: 11
Fluid Pressure: Pressure at a point, Pascal’s law, pressure variation with
temperature, density and altitude. Piezometer, U-Tube Manometers, Single
Column Manometer, U-Tube Differential Manometer, Micro-manometers.
Pressure gauges, Hydrostatic pressure and force: horizontal, vertical and
inclined plane surfaces, and on curved vanes. Buoyancy and stability of
floating bodies. Relative equilibrium- Uniform linear acceleration in
horizontal and vertical directions, fluid rotation around vertical axis.
3 Fluid Kinematics: 05
Classification of fluid flow: steady and unsteady flow; uniform and non-
uniform flow; laminar and turbulent flow; rotational and irrotational flow;
compressible and incompressible flow; ideal and real fluid flow; one, two
and three dimensional flows, Free and Forced vortex flow; Stream line, path
line, streak line and stream tube; One-, two- and three- dimensional
continuity equations in Cartesian coordinates. Stream function, Velocity
potential function and Flow-net.
4 Fluid Dynamics: 10
Surface and body forces; Equations of motion-Euler’s equation; Bernoulli’s
equation–derivation; Energy Principle; Practical applications of Bernoulli’s
 BVM ENGINEERING COLLEGE [AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION]

Unit Teaching
Topics
No. Hours
equation: Orifice, pitot tube, venturimeter, orificemeter; Momentum
principle- Impact of liquid jet on plane surface and curved vane, Forces
exerted by fluid flow on pipe bend.
5 Laminar and Turbulent Flow: 10
Laminar Flow- Laminar flow through: circular pipes, annulus and parallel
plates. Stoke’s law, Measurement of viscosity. Turbulent Flow- Reynolds
experiment, Transition from laminar to turbulent flow. Definition of
turbulence, scale and intensity, Causes of turbulence, instability,
mechanism of turbulence and effect of turbulent flow in pipes.
Flow through Pipes: Loss of head through pipes, Darcy-Wiesbach equation,
minor losses, total energy equation, hydraulic gradient line, Pipes in series,
equivalent pipes, pipes in parallel, power transmission through pipes,
nozzles.
6 Boundary Layer Analysis- Assumptions and concept of boundary layer 5
theory. Boundary layer thickness, displacement, momentum & energy
thickness, laminar and turbulent boundary layers on a flat plate; laminar
sub-layer, smooth and rough boundaries. Local and average friction
coefficients. Separation and Control. Lift and drag forces.
Total 45

List of References:
1. Jain A. K., “Fluid Mechanics”, Khanna Publishers, Delhi.
2. Modi P. N. and Seth S. M., “Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics including Hydraulics
Machines”, Standard book house, Delhi.
3. Subramanya K., “Theory and Applications of Fluid Mechanics”, Tata McGraw Hill.
4. Kumar D. S., “Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power Engineering” (SI edition), S. K. Kataria &
sons, Delhi.
5. C. S. P. Ojha, R. Berndtsson and P. N. Chadramouli, “Fluid Mechanics and Machinery”,
Oxford University Press, 2010.
6. R. L. Daugherty, J. B. Franzini and E. J. Finnemore, “Fluid Mechanics with Engineering
Applications”, International Student Edition, McGraw Hill.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course students will be able to:
1. Understand the importance of different fluid properties.
2. Solve manometer problems, calculate hydrostatic forces on plane and curved surfaces and
forces on floating bodies.
3. Use principles of mass, energy and momentum conservation to calculate acceleration,
discharge, pressure variation and forces in moving fluids.
4. Understand laminar and turbulent flow through pipes and basic concepts of boundary layer
flow.
5. Solve hydraulic pipe flow problems for pipes connected in series and parallel.