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Electronics Q1 Lesson1

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23 views2 pages

Electronics Q1 Lesson1

Uploaded by

Rhea Michaela Serrada Flores
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ELECTRONICS

Quarter 1

LESSON 1. Early Developments in Electronics.

Table 1
Electronic Components and Computers
Electronic Computer Version/ Generation
Component
1. Vacuum The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)
Tubes -used 18,000 vacuum tubes in order to function
- could add 5000 numbers in just 1 second but t was specifically built
to compute for computing values for artillery range tables
- Size: roughly 2.4 m x 0.9 m x 30 m
- completed by February 1946
-one of the first generation computers2
2. Transistors a. prototype transistorized computer demonstrated by
Richard Grimsdale and Douglas Webb working under Tom Kilburn at
Manchester University on November 16, 1943
- 48-bit machine used 92 point-contact transistors and 550
diodes

b. TRADIC (TRAnsistor DIgital Computer)


- built and designed by a Bell Labs team including engineer James R. Harris
led by Jean H. Felker on 1954
- used 700 point-contact transistors and over 10,000 diodes
-Size: merely 3 cubic feet
-operated on less than 100 watts of power
- could perform a million logical operations every second Transistorized
computers were known as Second-generation computers
3. Integrated IBM System/ 360
Circuits - A new family of general-purpose computers
-introduced in 1964
-The first model 65 went to MIT
-Design: CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer)
- Use microcode to implement the instruction set, which features 8-bit byte
addressing and binary, decimal and hexadecimal floating-point calculations.
-known as the third generation of computers
4. Microchip/ a. Electronic Calculator
Microprocessor -Intel created custom chips for a multiple-ship calculator as ordered by the
Japanese calculator maker Business Computer Corp (Busicom) at the end of the
1960s
-It was powered by the first single-chip CPU Intel 4004 (a 4-bit processor that can
manipulate data words that were only 4-bits wide)
-Made available at the start of 1971
b. Data 2200
- the first general-purpose computer developed by Computer Terminal Corp
(CTC) in 1969
- It has an 8-bit processor which was initially built out of about 100 bipolar chips
Fourth-Generation Computers
-1971- 1980
-Used VLSI (Very Large Scale Integrated) Circuits which had about 5000
transistors and other circuit elements with their associate elements on a single chip
-Features: Very cheap; Portable and reliable; Use of PCs; Very small size; Pipeline
processing; No AC required; Concept of internet was introduced; Great
developments in the fields of networks; Computers became easily available
-Computers of this generation: DEC 10; STAR 1000; PDP 11; CRAY-1(Super
Computer); CRAY-X-MP (Super Computer)
Fifth-Generation Computers
-1980 to present
-Use ULSI (Ultra Large-Scale Integration) Technology resulting in the production
of microprocessor chips having 10 million electronic components
-This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial
Intelligence) software.
-Main Features:
 ULSI technology
 Development of true artificial intelligence
 Development of Natural language processing
 Advancement in Parallel Processing; Advancement in Superconductor
technology
 More user-friendly interfaces with multimedia features
 Availability of very powerful and compact computers at cheaper rates
-Examples: Desktop; Laptop; NoteBook; UltraBook; ChromeBook

Moore’s Law
Moore’s Law states that the number of transistors on a microchip double about every two years whereas the
cost of computers is halved. It was an observation made by Gordon E. Moore, the co-founder of Intel in 1965.
Moore’s Law also talks about the exponential growth of microprocessors. This law became the golden rule for
the electronics industry and a springboard for innovation.
Summary
1. Electronics is a branch of physics that deals with the study of emission, behavior, and effects of electrons in
electronic devices.
2. Four of the main components of computers were vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and
microprocessors.
3. First-generation computers used vacuum tubes, second-generation computers utilized transistors, third-
generation computers used integrated circuits, and fourth-generation computers utilized microprocessors.
4. Following Moore’s Law, every two years, the number of transistors in an integrated circuit double.
5. Microprocessors today contain millions of transistors in a relatively small die.
6. Advancements in Electronics resulted in various high-end technological applications and made some of
these accessible to mankind in general.

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