Submitted by: MARC ARIADNE TABALBA

PARASITOLOGY LABORATORY

LABORATORY EXERCISE 1 – Macroscopic or Physical Examination of Stool Sample

Please note that this activity is designed to be conducted at home for asynchronous classes!

I. Find a screw-top container from your kitchen. If you are near a store that sells
screw-top container, like Mercury Drugs Store, buy one. If buying a sterile
screw-top container is not possible, wash the available container with detergent.
II. Follow the steps in collecting stool samples of you or a member in your family
like a child at home. Fill out the following table in doing macroscopic
examination of stool sample (Note: teacher gives score based on how the learner
provide his observations. Teacher might give 5 points per characteristics based
on the teacher’s qualitative analysis)

Characteristics Your observations

Color of the stool Dark Brown

Consistency of the stool

(Type II) Sausage Shaped but Lumpy

Presence of visible
parasites No, During the observation there are no visible parasites. The stool
remains moist and retains its dark colour brown during the activity.

Presence of blood or
mucous No, Blood is detected, only mucus during the collection and
observation procedure
III. Based on the macroscopic examination of the stool sample, provide a brief explanation of
the observer’s prognosis. Is the owner of the stool sample, possibly having a problem with
parasitic infections? The observer’s prognosis might not be correct, but the level of
reasoning will be assessed (15 points; 5 pts per paragraph or sentence).

During the activity/lab procedure, in regards to the color, consistency, volume,

shape, odor, and mucous present. It's indeed acceptable for a tiny quantity of
mucus to be present in the feces. The presence of abundant mucus or bloody
mucus, on the other hand, is abnormal. The stool is deemed to be Type of II in
accordance with Bristol’s Stool Chart which is a Sausage Shaped but Lumpy. The
stool shows no visible parasites as such and does not show any blood mucus only
a small amount of mucus or moist is shows and no parasites. The stool sample kit
was bought at Mercury Drug’s Store.

While assessing the stool’s overall main characteristics focusing on Type II, it is
deemed evident that according to the said chart the stool is Types 1 and 2 describe
difficult-to-pass feces, which can sometimes reflect constipation. Such stools may
indeed be more dark in complexion than standard stools. Hard stools can be caused
by a variety of factors, including a low-fiber diet and insufficient water, as well as
gastrointestinal diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome and Parkinson's
disease. As a side effect, several drugs may produce constipation. Bloating and
stomach discomfort may accompany these sorts. Stools that are difficult to pass
might induce straining during bowel movements, which can lead to hemorrhoids.

Whereas, according to the experiment conducted, stools should be soft and readily
passable in terms of consistency (firmness). Constipation may be indicated by
hard, dry stools. Constipation that lasts more than two weeks should be reported
to a healthcare physician. Additionally, if you are experiencing nausea, vomiting,
stomach discomfort, and are unable to pass gas or stools, this might indicate that
there is an obstruction (blockage). He or she should contact a physician or proceed
to the nearest emergency room. Mucus and fluid will seep out surrounding the stool
if it becomes impacted (lodged) in the rectum, resulting in fecal incontinence. If
there is mucus or fluid leaking from the rectum, contact a healthcare physician.
 Diarrhea is defined as loose, watery bowel motions. Diarrhea is a frequent and
usually harmless ailment.

IV. List down 5 safety measures conducted in doing the activity. Explain the reasons for doing
these safety measures (Note: Teacher can rate responses from 1 point to 5 points).
a. As regular and standard operation procedure of every healthcare and student alike
during lab activities either home or school it is deemed vital to wear a medical
gloves to avoid any contamination of the specimen or subject and in relation to the
avoidance of infection from diseases especially in this kind of activity of stool
sample. Whilst also dealing with specimens, the use safety glasses can be
considerable and a laboratory coat. When needed, the use isolated safety cabinets.
At home or in school, do not eat, drink, smoke, apply any form of cosmetics, or
handle contact lenses. Decontaminate the work area at least once the activity is
finished and immediately after any spill of potentially infectious material to avoid
any unnecessary circumstances.

b. Accumulate the stool and place it in an appropriately dry, clean, and leak-proof
container. Be absolutely certain that no urine, water, soil, or other substance
penetrates the container. Make absolutely sure the experiment containers remain
tightly sealed. Reinforce with plastic wrap or perhaps another appropriate material.
Place the container inside a plastic bag to secure it from natural elements as such.

c. Decontaminate the work area at least once per day and immediately after any spill
of potentially infectious material. Cover any potential spills with absorbent material
(paper towels). Pour 10% bleach on the absorbent material and allow for 20 minutes
of bleach contact time. To prevent contamination from spreading, wipe the spill area
from the borders toward the center. Put absorbent material in a biohazard bag and
dispose of it by using a seprerate and labelled trash bag in compliance with the IRR
of existing city ordinances and other governing laws that are related to the
environment.

d. After carrying out any activity that involves the handling of fecal material, remove
the gloves, and clean your hands with soap and water. Personal hygiene - Thorough
hand washing can assist with preventing the spread of numerous diseases. After
using the washroom, prior to actually preparing meals, and after contacting
 people or apparatus, clean and sanitize your hands by using soap and water for at
least 15 seconds. Utilize disposable paper towels to dry your hands.
e. Infection control and workplace cleanliness comprise rigorously cleaning as well
as cleaning mops, brooms, and textile materials out after every application - drying
mops and cloths is especially important because many germs flourish in damp
environments. Employing cleaning products to clean up blood and certain other
bodily fluid discharges.

V. Post at least 4 pictures showing your conduct of the activity (10 pts).
GRADING SYSTEM

Rubric for One Paragraph Explanatory Writing Assessment:

Acceptable Good Excellent

Score
(1) (3) (5)

Basic topic Clear topic sentence

Topic Unclear or lacking topic sentence, does not introducing key
sentence sentences fully introduce elements of the
response paragraph

Three or more
Minimal or irrelevant One to two relevant
Evidence relevant supporting
evidence supporting details
details
Minimal
Explanation No explanation Complete explanation
explanation
Total >>>

The total maximum score creditable for the documentation of methodology is 10 points.

In all the assessments, the total points together with miscellaneous 5 points (credits
for neatness of the paper and full compliance of the activity) are tallied as follows:

Photo documentation – 10 pts

Assessment – 60 pts
Miscellaneous – 5 pts
__________

TOTAL = 75 points