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### 1. Collection of Biomass

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Harsh Giri
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5 views

### 1. Collection of Biomass

Uploaded by

Harsh Giri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Preparing paper board from biomass involves several steps, encompassing the collection

of raw materials, their processing, and the final manufacturing stages. Here’s a detailed
explanation:

### 1. Collection of Biomass

Biomass used for paper board production can include various agricultural residues, wood
chips, and other plant materials. Common sources are:

- **Wood chips and sawdust:** By-products from the lumber industry.

- **Agricultural residues:** Straw, bagasse (sugarcane residue), hemp, flax, and other crop
residues.

- **Recycled paper:** Post-consumer paper products.

### 2. Pre-Processing of Raw Materials

The collected biomass needs to be cleaned and processed to remove impurities like dirt,
stones, and other foreign materials. This ensures the quality of the final product.

- **Chipping and Grinding:** Larger pieces of biomass are chipped into smaller,
manageable sizes.

- **Screening:** Removing oversized and undersized particles to ensure uniformity.

- **Cleaning:** Using water or air to remove contaminants.

### 3. Pulping

The pulping process involves breaking down the biomass into its fibrous components.
There are two main methods of pulping:

- **Mechanical Pulping:**

Biomass is physically ground down into fibers using mechanical energy. This method
retains more of the lignin content, resulting in stronger but less smooth paper board.
- **Chemical Pulping:** Biomass is treated with chemicals to dissolve lignin, separating
the cellulose fibers. Common chemical methods include:

- **Kraft Process:** Uses sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide.

- **Sulfite Process:** Uses sulfurous acid and its salts.

- **Thermomechanical Pulping (TMP):** Combines heat and mechanical pulping to soften


the lignin and fibers before grinding.

### 4. Refining

The pulp is further refined to enhance the fiber properties. This involves mechanical
treatment to fibrillate the fibers, improving their bonding potential.

### 5. Blending and Additives

Different types of pulp (e.g., hardwood and softwood) may be blended to achieve desired
properties. Additives such as sizing agents, fillers, and dyes are incorporated to enhance
specific qualities like strength, printability, and color.

### 6. Sheet Formation

The pulp is diluted with water to form a slurry and then spread onto a moving screen (wire)
to form a continuous sheet. This process is done on a Fourdrinier machine or a cylinder
machine.

- **Fourdrinier Machine:** The slurry is spread onto a moving wire mesh belt, allowing
water to drain and fibers to form a mat.

- **Cylinder Machine:** The slurry is applied to rotating cylinders covered with a wire
mesh, building up layers of fiber.

### 7. Pressing
The wet fiber mat passes through a series of press rolls to remove excess water and
consolidate the fibers, increasing the density and strength of the paper board.

### 8. Drying

The pressed sheet is dried using heated drying cylinders or air drying to remove the
remaining moisture. This process solidifies the paper board's structure.

### 9. Surface Treatment and Coating

The dried paper board may undergo additional surface treatments, such as calendering
(pressing between rollers to smooth and compress the surface) and coating with
substances like clay, starch, or synthetic polymers to improve printability and barrier
properties.

### 10. Cutting and Finishing

The finished paper board is cut into sheets or rolls of the desired dimensions. Further
finishing steps may include embossing, laminating, or applying special coatings.

### 11. Quality Control and Testing

Throughout the process, quality control measures are implemented to ensure the paper
board meets specified standards. Tests for strength, thickness, moisture content, and
other properties are conducted.

### 12. Packaging and Distribution

The final product is packaged and distributed to customers for various applications,
including packaging, printing, and industrial uses.

This detailed process transforms raw biomass into usable paper board, highlighting the
integration of mechanical, chemical, and physical treatments to achieve the desired
product characteristics.

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