& BOOK John Taylor - Jeff Zeter Bald Express PublishingChapter 1 - Weaponry Unit 1- Mines Unit 2 — Anti-tank Weapons Unit 3- Machine Guns. Unit 4 - Future Weapons Chapter 2 - Vehicles & Platforms Unit 5 ~ Armored Fighting Vehicles Unit 6 - Multi-purpose Vehicles Unit 7 - Strykers Unit 8 - Air Defense Systems Unit 9 — Helicopters (Utility) Unit 10 - Helicopters (Attack) Chapter 3 - Operations Unit 11 - Peacekeeping Missions Unit 12 - Convoys Unit 13 - Patrols Unit 14 - Search and Rescue Unit 15 - Checkpoints Appendix Glossary wo eae 10 2 4 15 16 7 18 20 22 24 -.26 281. Weaponry: Mines First conceived more than 600 years ago, land mines are among the deadliest | components of any arsenal. A land mine is an explosive device that is triggered by its victim, It inflicts damage with both its blast and fragments. Mines and improvised explosive devices (IEDs) are placed on or under the ground and ‘are detonated by passing soldiers or vehicles. Anti-personnel land mines (APLs) are usually triggered by the Pressure of a person's foot. APLs act as area-denial weapons. In other words, they keep enemies out of certain areas. The use of APLs is controversial because of their danger to civilians. For this reason, some modern land mines are set to self-destruct after a length of time. This helps limit the number of civilian casualties. ‘The M18A1 Claymore is an APL that fires shrapnel in an arc. The fragments are discharged at a rate of 1,200 meters per second. They are mostly used in ambushes as_anti-infiltration weapons —against_infantry. Claymores may be deployed in three different modes. Time- delays feature a short-timed fuse as igniter, command detonation Claymores are set off by the operator, and _victim-initiated devices are triggered by the enemy. Comprehension | Read, listen and mark each statement as a or false. Correct the false statements to make them true. 1 Some mines self-destruct to prevent danger to soldiers. 2 According to the passage, Claymores are used 25 | anti-armor weapons. Vocabulary Choose the correct definition for each given word or phrase. 1. area-denial weapon ‘A a weapon that prevents an enemy from entering an area B_ a weapon that uses bullets or shells C_aweapon that destroys the tires of a vehicle D_ a weapon that is detonated by the weapon's user 2. arsenal A a fragment propelled by an explosion B a detonation method for mines C a type of land mine D_a group of weapons Complete the table with words or phrases from the word bank. anti-personnel self-destruct area-denial ‘ambush command Victim-initiated ‘anti-infltration time-delay eeu a eerTa RBV 50 purpose-bull armored mine plowing vehicle Comprehension 4 Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 1 Amine plow helps to clear a minefield because it pushes mines deep into the ground. destroys a mine's detonating mechanism digs up mines and pushes them out of the way, destroys mines before other vehicles run over them What does the mine flail Use to destroy mines? A ametal detector B a modified plowing tool achemical substance D_agroup of spinning chains Vocabulary § Match the words/phrases with the blanks. 1 land mine/ minefield © A The engineer disarmed a that his platoon found on the road B The area was suspected to contain a , so the company looked for an alternate route. 2 command detonation / victim-initiated A The mine was set up in a place where walking enemies would easily trigger it. B The specialist wanted to control when his mines would detonate, so he used = mines, 3. Claymore /shrapnel ‘A The mine detonated, sending ‘out all around the immediate area 1 Clearing Mines Using soldiers to clear a minefield by hand is time-consuming and extremely dangerous. Instead, armies use mine-clearing machines. There are many different types of machines. For instance, a mine plow can be attached to a tank. The plow digs into the earth, lifts mines up, and pushes them to the side of the tank. Another machine, the Aardvark Mk IV, has spinning chain flails that hit and destroy mines. B The soldier set up a the entrance to the building. mine plow / chain flail A The pushed the mines out of the way while a squad of soldiers followed. B The soldiers had to clear the minefield, so they used a to destroy the mines. anti-personnel / anti-infiltration A Toprevent movement of enemy vehicles, they set up mines. The enemy mines were intended to cause as many casualties as possible. at istening 6 (2 Listen to a conversation between a sergeant and a specialist. They are attempting to cross a minefield. 7 Q©2. Listen again and answer the questions. 1. According to the sergeant, why can't the soldiers clear the minefield by hand? 2 What does the specialist recommend that they do to cross the minefield? 3 . How does the sergeant intend to protect the other vehicles in the company? Weaponry: Mines 5How can a single soldier defeat a tank? This is possible with anti-tank guided missiles. ATGMs are designed to destroy heavily-armored vehicles. They can be as small as shoulder- launched weapons operated by a single soldier, though some larger ATGMs need to be mounted on tripods, trucks, or even aircraft. The Javelin and TOW are two of the most widely used ATGMs in the world. The FGM-148 Javelin is a man-portable ATGM. With its infrared homing guidance system, the Javelin is a fire-and-forget missile. This means that no further human guidance is required after it has been launched. The Javelin’s tandem warhead can even destroy explosive-reactive armor (ERA). Vehicles with ERA have explosive devices that detonate penetrating weapons before they can do much damage. The tandem warhead, however, destroys the target’s ERA before penetrating the vehicle's main armor. J Comprehension 1 Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 1. According to the passage, ATGMs can be mounted on all of the following EXCEPT A heavy armor. B tripods. C wheeled vehicles. D aircraft. 2. The Javelin’s homing system is controlled by A the user after the missile is fired. B_ a computer outside of the missile. C aradar system. D_a guidance system using jnfrared technology. 3 A tandem warhead destroys explosive- reactive armor by A. seeking weak points in the armor. B detonating both warheads inside of the armor. C causing a series of two explosions. D firing the missile at high speed 6 Weaponry: Ant-tank Weapons Vocabulary Complete the word or phrase that is similar in meaning to the underlined phrase. 1 To increase accuracy, missiles have different systems to help them track their targets. h__e 2 To pierce the tank's steel, the soldiers had to use weapons meant to pass through armor. 3. The self-guided missile flew for approximately 800 meters before destroying the target. f - -f t 4. The missile launcher was small and light enough ‘to be considered transportable by soldiers. Snare siebb ee Answer each question with the correct word or phrase from the word bank. 11 What type of armor is able to destroy missiles before they can cause serious damage to a vehicle? 2. What type of guidance system uses the heat from a vehicle to track a target? 3 What type of missile launching system is designed to be used by only one person? Fring a Javelin missieWeaponry: Anti-tank Weapons TOW Unlike the Javelin, the BGM-71 TOW's size makes it difficult to be treated as man-portable. Its name stands for "Tube-launched, Optically-tracked, and Wire- guided.” TOWs can be launched from a variety of platforms. TOWs are not fire-and-forget weapons like the Javelin, and the user must keep the target in his line of sight. But they don’t have to rely on thermal views to acquire targets. This makes for a speedier attack. Comprehension 4 Read, listen and find three pros and two cons of the TOW missile mentioned in the passage. Write them in the box below. Vocabulary 5 Complete the sentences with phrases from the word bank. guidance system optical missile thermal weapons anti-tank guided missiles 1 The lost track of its target when the target left the shooters line of sight are able to track targets that put out large amounts of heat were used in Operation Whitehorse to destroy enemy armor. 4 When its failed, the missile missed the target. y 7 Stryker vehicle crew fies TOW miss Listening 6 Q An infantry company is engaged in battle with the enemy. Listen to an anti-armor unit discuss its mission. Write down any key vocabulary (in bold in the rea passages) that you hear. Listen again and fill in the blanks in the mission instructions. First squad Set up a (1) the hill poe | Keep enemy in sight for (2) | | | | tracking Second Squad Take a (3) behind the tree line Fire upon the enemy if they have 4) Speaking 8 In pairs or small groups, discuss the differences between the Javelin and the BGM- 71 TOW. Weaponry: Anti-tank Weapons 73. Weaponry: Machine Guns A machine gun is a fully automatic firearm. It is designed to fire bullets quickly, one after another. It will fire as long as the trigger is held down and ammunition is fed into it. Bullets are fed into machine guns with drums, ammunition belts and large capacity magazines. They are most effective when fired from a bipod or tripod. The machine gun was invented by Sir Hiram Maxim in 1884, The “Maxim Gun” operated with recoil power. Thus, the power of the previously fired bullet put the next cartridge into place. Its rate of fire was 600 rounds per minute. Today, the machine gun has many uses on the battlefield. It is primarily used against unprotected troops. However, larger caliber machine guns are used against lightly armored vehicles and aircraft. In addition, soldiers use them for suppressive fire against enemy troops. Comprehension 1 Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 1. From the passage, which is true of machine guns? ‘A They use three different types of bullets. B The first ones used large-capacity magazines C Sir Hiram Maxim created the first one. D They typically fire 600 rounds per minute. 2. What can be inferrred about small-caliber machine guns? A Their rate of fire is slower than larger ones. B They are not effective against heavy armor. They are deadlier than the Maxim Gun. D They are usually belt-fed Bieeeriiesacns Vocabulary 2 Complete the word or phrase that is similar in meaning to the underlined part. 1. The fully automatic firearm was invented in 1884. a e 2 The Maxim Gun fired 600 bullets per minute. ae 3 Most armies use small, medium and large sized machine guns. _a_ _ _e_ 4 Soldiers use machines guns for keeping the enemy inplace and from firing back. eam = evitiy_tpercsictt 5. The partofthe weapon that is pulled to fire is usually curved. _r e 6 Private Smith fired his weapon and felt its backward force. __ _oi_ 7. The speed that a weapon fires is different for each weapon. __ _e 3 Complete the table with words or phrases from the word bank. bipod —f'magazine | bullet | round ‘drum belt cartridge tripod Ways to Feed Ammuni ren Pena ee Oa Poe MO ERCOR TL ake Pee ect Listening 4 Q Listen to a sergeant gi training class. ing a weapons 5 ©. Listen again and complete the notes. Notes: Weapons Training Class Weapon: (1) Caliber: (2) Number of crew: (3) Primary use: (4) Most effectively operated using a: (5) 6 Q. Listen again and check your answers.Future Weapons 4 Nodern weapons are quite advanced, but the grenade launcher and can bend horizontally. The weapons of the future may provide soldiers with shooter remotely fires the pistol from a trigger in the some astonishing new abilities. For instance, the butt side of the hinge. There is also a viewing screen XM29 OICW is a prototype combination assault _for the operator to aim at hidden targets. rifle and low-velocity cannon. It fires airburst The MP7 is a submachine gun able to pierce high- munitions set to explode next to hidden targets. quality Body armor. Submachine guns combine the This wil allow soldiers to neutralize enemy troops automatic fire of a machine gun with a pistols even when the enemy is hidden behind rocks, cartridge. The MP7 fires a specially designed round buildings or sandbags. that matches the power of most modern rifles and is The CornerShot is a special-purpose weapon —_ small enough to be used in place of a pistol. cesigned for hostile urban encounters. The front section of the CornerShot houses a pistol and Comprehension 1 Read, listen and answer the questions. 1. What is the main advantage of the airburst munitions used by the XM29 OICW? 2 What types of weapons can be used with the CornerShot? 3 How does the MP7 differ from other submachine guns? Vocabulary 2 Choose the best word or phrase to match ous each given definition. MP7 1 atypeof automatic firearm that fire pistol rounds Listening A prototype Cc oIcw aut B submachine gun —D_ CornerShot 4 ( Listen to a weapons manufacturer 2 a complete firearm round consisting of a bullet, describe a fesonal prowayPs Neepony eases an ae 5 Q Listen again and mark each of the A cartridge C prototype ‘ following statements as true or false. B low-velocity cannon D body armor Correct the false statements to make 3. afirearm designed to be used in unusual circumstances them true. A airburst munition 1 The XVT24 allows the user to fire rifle bullets B sandbag around corners body armor 2. The XVT24 includes a grenade launcher. Die cl pumpose weapon 3 Apistol can be attached to the front of the weapon. ter veschiphrass in trewiordbankwithithe 4. The weapon is classified as a special-purpose correct weapon. el ee)Vehicles & Platforms ss) Armored Fighting Vehicles The transportation of infantry needs to be a swift and secure operation, Armored personnel carriers (APCs) were designed to make that possible. However, APCs don't carry much firepower. By definition, an APC carries arms less than 20 mm. Most are amphibious, able to travel on land and through water. Often referred to as “battle-taxis’, examples of APCs include the British FV432, the American M113, and the French VAB. Infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs) are also used to transport soldiers to combat zones. Unlike the APCs, Comprehension 1 Read, listen and decide whether the statements (A-F) describe either an APC or an IFV. Place the letter of each statement in the correct box. A intended to support infantry with fire support B_ equipped with weaponry smaller than 20 mm C examples include the M113 and the VAB D can be equipped with ATGMs or surface-to-air missiles E has room for up to twenty troops F generally holds ten or fewer passengers at a time ‘Armored Personnel Carrier or) None 110 venicies & Piatforms: Armored Fighting Vehicles however, they are fitted with heavier armor and more powerful armaments. This makes them able to engage in direct-fire battles. They are usually armed with 20-40 mm auto-cannons, machine uns, and possibly ATGMs or surface-to-air les. They provide defense for infantry against mines and IEDs. While some APCs can carry up to twenty passengers, most IFVs can manage no more than ten. Both APCs and IFVs are useful for transport, but only the IFV is truly able to provide fire support for its troops. Vocabulary 2 Choose the correct definition for each given word or phrase. 1. direct-fre battle A abattle between infantry and vehicles B a battle using explosives C a battle in which troops are likely to fight vehicles D a battle in which enemies are targeting your positior 2. amphibious ‘A equipped with heavy weaponry B able to travel on land and water able to carry troops into a battle D_ amored on the exterior 3 armaments A atype of armor B a troop-carrying vehicle C a group of weapons D_an explosive deviceThe APC is a remarkably adaptable part of any infantry unit's motor pool. For instance, the M113 APC can be modified to fit a wide range of combat situations. The M163 variant is equipped with an anti-aircraft gun. The M901 carries a TOW launcher and is used in anti-tank operations. APCs can even be used in non- combat operations. The M579 is a repair vehicle that comes equipped with a crane for lifting heavy objects. Comprehension 3 Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 11 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a function of APCs? A. delivering ammunition to troops B firing upon armored vehicles C supporting anti-aircraft operations D lifting vehicles and assisting in repairs 2. What is true of the M901 APC variant? A tis used in anti-air operations. B Its used to attack infantry on the ground. Ithas lower troop capacity than other APCs. D It can target an enemy's armored vehicle Vocabulary 4 Choose the word or phrase that is similar in meaning to each given word. 1 auto-cannon A rocket launcher B ammunition C APC variant D rapid-fire artillery piece ¥ 2 |ED A FV © armor B bomb D battle 3. battle-taxi A APC c M163, B IFV D ATGM 4° surface-to-air missile A. missile guidance system B anti-aircraft weapon C air superiority D battle aircraft Listening 5 Q Listen to a dialogue between a motor pool sergeant and a visitor. Put a check (/) by each type of APC in his motor pool. Q M113 Q mse Q XM734 Q XxMs46e1 Q m106A2 Q M730A2 6 G Listen again and write the name and function of each APC in the motor pool. 1 Name Function: 2 Name: Function: 3. Name’ Function: Speaking 7 In pairs or small groups, talk about the main differences between APCs and IFVs, and then discuss the various ways in which APCs can be modified to suit different situations. Vebice 8 Ptorms: Amered Fing Vehides 111Over the past twenty years, high-mo! multi-purpose wheeled vehicles (HMMWVs, or Humvees) have become the vehicular backbones of the armed forces. ‘The Humvee (pronounced “hum-vee") has more than 40 cm of ground clearance for driving through rough terrain. It can be sed as cargo/troop transport, ambulance, missile carrier and more. Most Humvees have limited defense abilities. They are at high risk to land mine, IED, and explosively formed penetrator (EFP) attacks from below. Stil, Humvees are supplied with bullet resistant glass and are moderately safe against lateral attacks. Most are fitted with infrared Combat Identification Panels that make them easy to identify through thermal imaging devices. This helps them avoid friendly fire. Using fording kits, they are able to travel through water as deep as 1.5 meters. The four-wheel drive M1114 and M1116 HMMWVs have replaced Jeeps and other light trucks in combat. More than fifty countries around the world use a wide array of Humvee models. Humvee equipped with ED detection system 112. veies pators: nt pupes Vides = ‘Humvee diving through Paci suf to deliver supplies othe beach amMulti-purpose Vehicles 6 Comprehension 1 Read, listen and mark each statement as true or false. Rewrite the underlined parts of the false statements to make them true. 1 Most Humvees have protection from attacks from therear. 2. The high ground clearance of the Humvee allows it to cross rough terrain. 3. Humvees are equipped with significant protection from mines and other explosives. Vocabulary 2 Complete the phrase that is similar in meaning to the underlined part. 1. The driver of the Humvee was protected from pistol fire by the specially designed windshield. u 2. Because the vehicle was driven by all ofits wheels, it crossed the rocky terrain with ease f Lh d 3 Without an attachment used to cross rivers, the Humvee had to find an alternate route eee 3 Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence. 1. The Humvee’s crew was ordered to transport troops and ... along a highway. A cargo B EFS C friendly fire D ground clearance 2. Tohelp the ground troops identify friendly Humvees, each vehicle had A bullet-resistant glass. B a lateral attack an HMMW. D_a Combat Identification Panel. 3 The Humvee crossed the rocks easily, but vehicles with less ... got stuck in the terrain. A friendly fire B_ ground clearance C four-wheel drive D_bullet-resistant glass Listening 4.Q Listen to a sergeant give instructions to a soldier in his unit. 5 A. Listen again and write down each part of the unit's mission in the notes below. Load (1) : into the back of the Humvee. Drive to (2) .. Unload the (3) and the (4) Proceed to (5) position, Unload the (6) ammunition. Cee: immediately afterwards. Company's — Speaking 6 Use the words in the list to give a short talk about the Humvee Mission. high-mobility multi-purpose (wheeled vehicle ground clearance cargo ‘ambulance missile carrier limited defense abilities bullet resistant glass ateralattacks infrared combat Identification Panels \fording kits Vehicles & Platforms: Multi-purpose Vehicles 1314 Venicies & Platforms: Strykers When infantry need to be moved to the battlefield quickly and safely, there are specialized vehicles to get the job done. Strykers are eight-wheeled, all-wheel drive infantry fighting vehicles. They are used in light or mobile units of Stryker Brigade Combat Teams. ‘These IFVs can carry nine passengers at speeds of up to 100 km/h. The Stryker's primary armament is an M2..50-caliber machine gun or an MK19 40 mm grenade launcher mounted on a remote weapon station (RWS). The Stryker's exterior is thick enough to stop 14.5 mm armor-piercing machine gun rounds. It features slat armor which is capable of detonating explosive rounds before they hit the hull. The Stryker is also equipped with run-flat tires, designed to still be of use after being punctured. Comprehension Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 1 What is the main purpose of the Stryker? A to deliver supplies to troops in combat B to attack infantry with a variety of weapons C to take troops safely into a battle D to provide fire support from long distances 2. What is NOT true about the Stryker's armor? A Itisa type of slat armor. B It still offers protection after it has been pierced C It can stop some armor-piercing rounds. D It gives protection from explosive weapons. 3. The purpose of cameras on the Stryker is to A allow the Stryker’s weapons to track vehicles. B_ take pictures of enemy movement. C create maps of the battlefield. D provide tactical views to the commander. Vocabulary Match the words/phrases with the blanks. 1. vehicle commander / Stryker Brigade Combat Team The was in charge of planning the vehicle's movements. The consists of a large number of separate battalions. 2 run-flat tires /periscope Even after being pierced by rifle fire, the Stryker's allowed it to move. The vehicle commanders view the battlefield using day-night thermal imaging cameras and a set of seven periscopes. In addition, the commander can view digital battlefield maps and mark enemy positions, which can be seen by other units in the area. The soldier looked through the and spotted an explosive device on the ground. 3. all-wheel drive slat armor The vehicle's protected it from explosive weapons Thanks to the vehicle's system, it was able to drive up the steep, muddy hill 4 remote weapon station /thermal imaging camera The commander used the to get a view of the terrain in front of the vehicle. The soldier controlled the external machine guns from his Listening 3 (7 Listen to a conversation between a Stryker driver and the vehicle commander as they enter a combat zone. Then answer the questions. 11 What is most likely the current mission of the Stryker team? 2. Why does the vehicle commander use the thermal imaging camera? 3. Why does the Stryker team have to alter its route? 4. Why didn’t the RPG cause significant damage to the Stryker?‘Armed to defend against attacks from above, the ‘Avenger air defense system is a first-rate mobile support unit. This missile-mounted HMMWV protects ground units from a variety of attacks. It will guard against cruise missiles, low-flying fixed- wing aircraft, helicopters, and unmanned aerial vehicles. Avengers are main features of the military's forward area air defense (FAD) system. ‘Avengers come in different arrangements. The basic ‘Avenger has a gyro-stabilized turret mounted on a Humvee, The turret holds a pair of Stinger missile launch pods. Each pod is able to fire four missiles in quick succession, The slew-to-cue Avenger allows the gunner to select a target from a console display. The turret will automatically slew, or rotate, into position when the target is selected. Comprehension 1 Read, listen and mark each statement as true or false. Correct the false statements. 1. The Avenger is an unmanned aerial vehicle. 2. The Avenger is often mounted onto the back of a Humvee 3 Anti-air missiles are the only weapons used in the Avenger air defense system Vocabulary 2 Complete the phrase that is si meaning to the underlined part. 1. When the part that the missles are fied from was damaged, the missile system became ineffective. ne Des 2 The gunner viewed his targets on the screen. a i a 3. The automaticaly rotating missile system shifted position quickly to engage the target. Mies Fo-c 3 Choose the correct word or phrase for each given definition. 1. astructure that allows a weapon to rotate in any direction to engage targets A RCU C gyro-stabilized turret B Avenger ‘The Avenger’s crew can use the remote control unit (RCU) to operate its arsenal from a distance, The vehicles are also armed with .50 caliber M3P machine guns. 2 aweapon system thatis mounted ona vehicle ‘A. mobile support unit console display B launch pod 3. adefense system intended to shoot down enemy aircraft A FAAD fixed-wing B arsenal aircraft 4 anaircraft that is controlled from the ground rather than inside of the aircraft. A Avenger B_ unmanned aerial vehicle € remote control unit Listening 4.Q Listen to a conversation in a military repair depot, between an engineer and a platoon sergeant, about a damaged Avenger system. Then answer the questions. 1 How long will the repairs on the Avenger take? 2 Which systems on the Avenger were damaged? 3. What does the woman say about the RCU? Vehicles & Platforms: Air Defense Systems 15)With over forty variants used by more than twenty countries, the Black Hawk is one of the most widely employed military aircrafts in the world. The UH-60 Black Hawk is a twin-engine utility helicopter with four blades. It can carry out an array of missions, such as the tactical transport of troops and aero-medical evacuation. Black Hawks are able to carry up to 4,050 kg with an external sling. Some are equipped with stub wings at the top of the fuselage to carry fuel tanks or weapons. This stub wing system is called the External Stores Support System (ESSS). The Black Hawk's armaments include machine guns and Gatling-style auto-cannons. Some may carry rockets, gun pods, laser guided missiles or minefield dispersal systems as wel. Black Hawks are supplied with global positioning Comprehension Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 1 What type of helicopter is the Black Hawk? A anattack helicopter B_ a medical transport helicopter C an observation helicopter D autility helicopter 2 Which of the following can be attached to a Black Hawk to allow it to carry additional equipment? A asling C a fuselage B avoinics Da global positioning system Vocabulary Choose the correct definition for each word. 1 aero-medical evacuation A an electronic system for the Black Hawk B an attachment for the Black Hawk helicopter C_amethod of taking casualties out of battle D_asstrategy used to attack the enemy 2. stub wings Aa type of wing allowing extra weight to be carried B_ wings that have been equipped with weapons C atype of wing that provides more speed D_ wings equipped with additional armor 16 Vehicies & Platforms: Helicopters (Utility) ‘systems (GPS) and other advanced avionics to increase their survivability. They may reach top speeds of over 300 km/h. 3. tactical transport A a defense system for the Black Hawk B_ the equipment carried by a helicopter C a type of helicopter D_ the movement of troops by air Listening 3 ( Listen to a conversation between two soldiers as they complete a pre-flight check of a Black Hawk helicopter. Put a check (7) by each system mentioned that is in good condition. Write down each problem mentioned. Pre-flight systems check UH-60 7 if system is mission ready system Q Main rotor Problems: O Fuselage O Cockpit Q Tail rotor Q Landing gearHelicopters (Attack) 10 Modern advanced attack helicopters (AAHs) are complex and deadly machines of war. The sleek AH-64 Apache was expressly designed to dominate conflicts. The Apache has a nose-mounted tracking sensor used for night vision and targeting. It is armed with a Gatling-style auto-cannon and Folding-fin Air Rockets (FFARs). The cannon can be controlled by the Target Acquisition and Designation System (TADS) display. The gunners helmet mounted display can also be Used to aim the Apache's weapons. The craft may also carry anti-tank and air-to-air missiles. The tandem cockpit is able to hold a crew of just two. The pilot is seated behind the copilot-gunner in an armored compartment. The AH-64D Apache Longbow is an upgrade of the modern attack helicopter. It features an advanced weapons design and tracking systems. The Westland Apache of Britain and the Israeli AH-64D Saraph have been adapted from the AH- 64 Apache. Comprehension 1 Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 1 What is the main purpose of the Apache's tracking sensor? A to monitor the helicopters systems B to assist in landing C to target the enemy 2. How many crew members does the Apache hold? ‘A one B two C three Vocabulary 2 Match the words/phrases with the blanks. 1. Apache/Longbow A The helicopter is equipped with extremely advanced weapons systems. B Many modern attack helicopters use the same basic design found in the 2 Target Acquisition and Designation System / helmet-mounted display A The allows the crew to find and engage targets from the air. B_ Using his , the gunner fired on the target he was looking at Listening 3 Q Listen to a conversation between an Apache pilot and the co-pilot gunner. The crew is engaging enemies on the ground. Then answer the questions. 1 What targeting systems will the copilot-gunner use to engage the enemies? 2 What targets do the Apache crew members spot on the ground? 3 Why does the copilot-gunner have to direct the pilot? Speaking 4 Use the following acronyms to give a short .ch about attack helicopters. AH-64D FFARs TADS AAHs AH-64 Vehicles & Platforms: Helicopters (attack) 1711 Operations: Peacekeeping Missions From 1991 to 2002, eivil war raged in the African country of Sierra Leone, claiming tens of thousands of lives and displacing more than two million people. A ceasefire was agreed to with the Lomé Peace Accord and the United Nations (UN) sent a peacekeeping force to oversee the transition. The operation was called UNAMSIL (United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone) and was deemed a success in 2005. The country at least enjoyed peace, thanks to the combined efforts of many countries. Peacekeeping missions must follow mandates. ‘These sets of strict instructions govern what peacekeepers can and cannot do. Many missions like UNAMSIL are tasked with helping governments disarm, demobilize and begin reconstruction. In crises like the one in Sierra Leone, it is also their job to provide humanitarian help. Some peacekeeping missions have been going on for more than fifty years. Some may never end. There are many conflicts that don't end in peace, These can split into regions with a buffer zone between them. Demilitarized zones (DMZs), like the one that separates North and South Korea, are created when both sides agree to keep military actions out of the buffer zone. For some peacekeepers, this is as close to success as they will get Comprehension 1 Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 11 What was the goal of the peacekeeping operation in Sierra Leone? A to finish reconstruction projects B to cteate a buffer zone to oversee a peace agreement D to disarm the country 2 What is NOT mentioned as an objective of peacekeeping missions? A to provide aid to citizens of a country B to rebuild cities affected by war C to remove weapons from a country's army D to create mandates for a country 18 operations: Peacekeeping Masons 3 What does the passage say about North and South Korea? ‘A They participated in the UNAMSIL operation B They split into two countries 50 years ago. C They both employ peacekeeping forces. D They are separated by a DMZ. Vocabulary 2 Choose the word or phrase in each pair that is most appropriate for the blank. 1 disarm /demobilize The peacekeeping forces began to the country by shutting down weapon manufacturing plants. 2 ceasefire /peace accord The two countries signed a to temporarily stop combat operations in the war.Operations: Peacekeeping Missions 11 Mis UNMIL (United Nations Mission in Liberia) Location: Liberia, Africa Mandate: + Monitor the implementation of a ceasefire agreement + Observe the disengagement of military forces * Carry out voluntary disarmament by destroying weapons + Provide humanitarian assistance History: Civil war began in Liberia in 1989 and claimed the lives of about 150,000 people. Fighting continued for years. Finally, the UN began its peacekeeping mission in 2003. Since then, it has kept the peace by following the mission's mandates. Comprehension 3 Read, listen and choose which sentence in each of the following pairs is true about the 4 to observe the process of two military forces ending UNMIL mission. their fighting 1A The main objective of UNMIL is to implement * a & a peace accord, B A civil war began in Liberia in 1989 and Listening continued for many years. 2A UN peacekeepers destroyed weapons given up by Liberian fighters. B The UNMIL mission was completed in 2003 after the civil war ended 5 Q Listen to an announcement at a press conference of a fictional peacekeeping mission. Then answer the questions. 1 Why are peacekeeping forces being deployed to the South Pacific? Vocabulary 4 Complete the words which mean the same as the underlined part. Which of statements. 2 What are the three mandates that the 4-4 are mandates that are a part of the peacekeeping mission will follow? Fill in the answers below. ‘to help the country implement a UNMIL mission? 1. to assist in the implementation of an agreement in an effort to stop the war. between both sides to stop all combat operations aah a avepunte tere the 2_ to provide assistance intended to improve the wel- insurgent fighters in the South Pacific being of people affected by a crisis Saat - =n aid to civilians affected by the fighting.12 Operations: Convoys When troops and supplies need to be moved across highways, roads and trails, a military convoy is formed. A convoy is a group of 20-30 vehicles that travel together for support and protection. The convoy commander is responsible for the overall procession, It is the commander's job to anticipate any danger that the march column (or vehicle line) might face. From driver fatigue to enemy assault, a convoy is at high risk of danger. Regular halts are organized by the commanders and the drivers to ensure the safety of everyone involved. Halts provide time for zi maintenance, supply checks, and to Aconvoyof UN vehicles tatesa ait give the drivers rest. A risk management assessment is needed for makes sure the planned schedule is followed. The every operation. This details the course’s physical last few members of the convoy are the rear inspection. Other hazards, such as dangerous vehicles. These are tasked with maintenance, intersections and choke points must be considered _recovery, and medical aid. The path of a convoy before a route is chosen. leads from the headquarters to the release point. The convoy is led by the pacesetter. This vehicle Comprehension 3 Which of the following is used to determine the route that a convoy should take? 1 Read, listen and choose the correct answers. A a risk management assessment B_ a maintenance schedule © amarch column D_acconvoy schedule 1 What does the passage mention as a reason for using military convoys? A to help all vehicles keep the same pace B_ to provide protection to the vehicles and crew 4, What role do the rear vehicles have inthe C to enable easier communication between convoy? vehicles A to adjust the route during the convoy D to allow vehicles to reach their destinations B to stay in contact with headquarters faster € to perform any necessary repairs in the 2. According to the passage, what is the convoy convoy commander's role in the convoy? D to ensure that the convoy schedule is A to protect the convoy with fire support followed B_ to monitor drivers for driver fatique 5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a to drive the pacesetter vehicle possible threat to a convoy? D toplan ahead to avoid danger A choke points B_ poorly maintained vehicles driver fatigue D enemy attacks 20 operations: ConvoysVocabulary 2 Match the words/phrases (1-6) with the definitions (A-F). 1 driver fatigue A a feeling of being too 2. choke point tired to drive safely 3 release point B the point at which the 4 pacesetter convoy ends 5 march column © thevehicle that keeps aa ‘the convoy on schedule D a group of vehicles traveling together for protection E_asection of a route that is very narrow F the formation that a convoy follows 2 Match the words/phrases with the blanks. 1. convoy convoy commander A The gave orders to the rest of the vehicles. B_Asthe vehicles in the approached the town, the enemy was spotted along the road. 2 headquarters /release point ‘A Assoon as the convoy reached the , the vehicles went in different directions. B The convoy commander planned a route to the destination at the unit's 3 riskmanagement assessment /choke point ‘A The convoy planned ahead for any potential hazards on the road using a B There was a known con the road, so the convoy avoided it entirely. 4 halt/pacesetter A The convoy was behind schedule, so the had to cancel some scheduled stops. B During the , the soldiers inspected the vehicles for any problems. Listening 4.Q. Listen to a radio transmission between two vehicle drivers who are involved in planning a convoy. Write down any key vocabulary (in bold in the reading passages) that you hear. 5 @ Listen again to the conversation. Then complete the risk management assessment for the convoy. Risk Management Assessment a Allied Checkpoint (2) @) .----. Vehicles in the march column. There are many (4) Looe within the city, so the route must be planned carefully Enemy resistance expected along the route. The (5) should ensure that the convoy remains in motion and on schedule ©.. must be ready to offer support to damaged vehicles or wounded convoy members. Speaking 6 In pairs or small groups, use the headings below to talk about convoys. * Purpose * Command + Risk management * Risks * Organization Operations: Convoys 2113 Operations: Patrols Whether scouting unknown areas or seeking out and destroying the enemy, there are specific teams used to do the job. The small tactical groups that complete such tasks are called patrols. Each patrol has a set of elements assigned by the patrol leader. Elements may include an aid and litter team to treat casualties, a surveillance team, and a compass man for navigation. Patrols are highly organized. Leaders take the time to map out a plan that will be successful Plans list objectives, alternative routes, actions on enemy contact, and signals to be used. PatrelinBadla Qup, Afghanistan Signals can be used to avoid giving away the position of a patrol. Most signals are performed with hand and arm movements. Comprehension 1 Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 2 1 Which is the main topic of the passage? A the story of a successful mission B the organization and duties of patrols C problems associated with patrol leadership D_an enemy's response to a scouting patrol 2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT an element in a patrol? A the aid and litter team B the surveillance team the casualty team D the compass man 3. What can be inferred about patrol signals? 3 A. They cannot be understood by the enemy. B They are most effective at night. They are less effective than radio communication D They help protect the location of the patrol 22 operations: Patrols Vocabulary Match the words (1-5) with the definitions (A- E). scout A element B the goal of a military action a group of soldiers that RWNo patrol monitors an area compass C assoldier in charge of man navigating in a patrol 5 objective D to look in places to get information about an enemy E subdivisions in a patrol Choose the word or phrase in each pair that is most appropriate for the blank. 1. patrol/aid and litter team The mission of the was to observe a high-traffic road for enemy activity 2. elements /objectives There were three of the patrol, including a surveillance team.Operations: Patrols 13 The three basic types of patrol are reconnaissance, combat, and tracking, Reconnaissance patrols are given the task of surveillance. They observe ‘enemy properties, terrain, and routes. Combat patrols attack the enemy. Their duties may involve the capture of soldiers, damage to installations, and liberation of captured friendly troops. Tracking patrols follow the trail of an enemy unit. They note the enemy's route, terrain and unit information as they track. "Spec Forces reconatsanceparoln Shak Valley Nghanton Comprehension Listening 4 Read, listen and mark the following 6 Q Listen to a conversation between soldiers statements as true or false. on a patrol. They are walking through a 1 The duties of reconnaissance patrols include forest. Then answer the questions. ‘capturing enemy soldiers. 1 What type of patrol are the speakers most likely 2. Acombat patrol might destroy an installation and attack enemy troops there. 3. Some patrols might secure the release of friendly troops being held prisoner by the enemy. engaged in? 2 What two signs of the enemy do the patrol members see on the trail? Vocabulary 5 Complete the sentences with the correct f fz Boca eh meee roti word Sank 3 What most likely was the mission of Bravo 15: reconnaissance patrol (surveillance eainbatpatro! §— aching patrol (eomipiassman 4, What additional order does Victor 21 give to Bravo 15? 1. The team gained important intelligence about the enemy through 2. The enemy installation was destroyed by the 3 The knew Speakin the patrol's location throughout the mission. o 9 4 The : 7 In pairs, discuss the main differences collected information about the enemy's route. aeen ine ties Casleavoencsnatrol 5 The . watched and recorded enemy troop movements. Operations: Pattrols 2314 Operations: Search and Rescue “A Special Forces sod “Leave no soldier behind” is a principle that armies around the world follow. When personne! become isolated from a unit, its up to a search and rescue (SAR) mission to bring them back safely. Rescue in a battle zone is known as combat search and rescue (CSAR) and the units used in such conditions are SAR Task Forces (SARTFs). SARTFs are equipped, trained, and organized to deal with a direct-fire battle. The on-scene commander oversees the design of an evasion plan of action (EPA). The EPA diagrams every aspect of the operation. For 24 operations: and Re Ishoistedup to safety example, itis designed to assist with enemy evasion and the timely recovery of distressed personnel. Current intelligence is gathered to keep EPAs as up-to-date as possible. Aid for SARs can also come from the air, The Rescue Combat Air Patrol (RESCAP) is an aircraft that gives fire support to a CSAR over the objective area, Rescue escorts (RESCORTS) are aircraft that protect the mission on route to and from the objective.Comprehen: Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 1. The ultimate objective of SAR missions is to A engage the enemy and neutralize forces. B_ deliver medical supplies to wounded soldiers. C rescue personnel that get separated from their units. D protect rescue vehicles on dangerous missions. 2. Which of the following units provide fire support n search and rescue missions? A SARTF C CSAR B RESCAP D_ RESCORT 3 What is NOT true about the evasion plan of action? A It diagrams the recovery of lost soldiers. B tis used in direct-fire battles. C It is supervised by the on-scene commander. D Itis executed by CSAR units. Vocabulary Match the abbreviations (1-5) with the correct descriptions (A-E). RESCAP EPA SARTF RESCORT CSAR Pp ueWwne an aircraft that moves rescuers to and from a rescue mission B a special force designed to rescue personnel and engage the enemy C aplan for a rescue mission D a rescue mission taking place in a battle E an aircraft that provides fire support Complete the word or phrase that is similar in meaning to the underlined part. 1 After being shot down, the helicopter crew created an enemy avoidance plan. 2. The soldiers in need of immediate assistance were quickly recovered by the SARTIF. Listening 4. Q Listen to the on-scene commander give an SAR mission overview. Then complete the EPA with the information. eT Friendly (1) shot down at (2) Personnel on the ground have been instructed to (4) when they have visual on the rescue team. Team (5) will pick up the distressed pane with support from ©... se hours. Speaking 5 Use the following acronyms to give a short speech about search and rescue missions. CSAR EPA RESCAP. RESCORT SAR SARTF Operations: Search and Rescue 25,Ina combat zone or area of conflict, staying alive requires caution and constant threat awareness. Security checkpoints are used to monitor movement in such places. Vehicles and people passing through a checkpoint are carefully inspected to make sure the insurgent, or enemy, presence is controlled. Checkpoints are constructed with many factors in mind. First, they need obstacles or barriers in place to slow down or halt traffic. They must have escape routes for vehicles and an attack plan for any hostile element that tries to pass through them. Holding areas allow soldiers to perform comprehensive inspections of vehicles. Interpreters and interrogators are sometimes utilized in these settings. Comprehension 1 Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 1. What is mentioned as a function of military veckpoints? eventing enemies from using vehicles B allowing soldiers to hide vehicles C observing vehicle movement D blocking off roads that are dangerous 2. According to the passage, why do ch have attad A to prevent unauthorized passage through checkpoints B to defend against attack from enemy units C toaallow them to take on other missions D to discourage passage through checkpoints 3 Interpreters and interrogators are sometimes used A. to quickly build a new checkpoint to help people move through checkpoints B in the event of an enemy attack. points D to assist soldiers in holding areas. 26 operations: Checkpoints Vocabulary 2 Choose the best word or phrase to fit each given definition. 1. the ability to recognize dangerous situations A insurgent B threat awareness C interpreter D hostile element 2. apart ofa checkpoint used to examine vehicles or question persons A escape route B obstacle C interrogator D holding area 3. anenemy fighter or other hostile person A interrogator B interpreter insurgent D checkpointOperations: Checkpoints 15 There are three basic checkpoint designs. Deliberate checkpoints are semi- permanent installations, These are placed at medium or high traffic locations. Hasty checkpoints are set up quickly in random areas to limit the possibility of an insurgent attack on a checkpoint. These may employ tire spikes to act as temporary deterrents for insurgents. A closed checkpoint acts much the same as a roadblock. It limits or denies access to a route. Closed checkpoints often redirect traffic toward another checkpoint Comprehen: 3 Mark each statement as true or false. Correct the underlined parts of the false statements to make them true. 1. Deliberate checkpoints are meant to be placed at places of medium to high volumes of traffic. 2 Typically, a closed checkpoint is meant to slow down trafficon a route. 3 According to the passage, tire spikes are used with closed checkpoints Vocabulary 4 Look at the statements and determine which type of checkpoint they likely describe. Write the letter of the statement in the correct box. A. Checkpoint Delta was set up to close off a five mile stretch of the highway indefinitely. B Anew checkpoint will be created at 0800 hours and will monitor the area for 24 hours. C The checkpoint’s personnel should expect to stop a very large number of vehicles daily. Perens cr Cais as Listening 5 (2. Listen to the following radio news report. The reporter is announcing a situation at a military checkpoint. Next, answer the questions. 1 What is the main announcement that the speaker makes? 2 Why weren't the insurgents harmed in the attack? 3 How will the road be protected until the checkpoint is operational again? Speaking Use the words in bold in the reading passages to give a short talk about checkpoints. Operations: recgonts 27advanced attack helicopter (AAH) IN-C-U10): a special ground assault aircraft with twin engines and heavy firepower. aero-medical evacuation [N-C-U9]: the transport of sick or injured personnel by way of specialized aircraft. aid and litter team [N-C-U13]: a patrol element responsible for removing and treating casualties during an operation air-to-air missile [N-C-U10]: a guided projectile fired from one aircraft with the purpose of destroying another aircraft. small grenades fired from a weapon and pre-set to explode above or beside hidden targets. all-wheel drive [ADJ-U7]: (vehicle) when every wheel is being used by the engine to propel the vehicle. ambulance [N-C-U6]: a vehicle equipped to transport the sick or injured ambush [N-C-U1]: a sudden attack from a hidden position. ammunition [N-UNC-U3]: the projectiles that can be fired from a weapon, such as bullets or shells ammunition belt [N-C-U3]: a device that stores cartridges and feeds them into a gun to be fired amphibious [ADJ-U5]: (vehicles) able to travel both on land and in water, anti-infiltration device [N-C-U1}: a weapon used to keep military personnel or vehicles out of an area 28 Gossary Glossary anti-personnel land mine (APL) [N- C-UII: an éxplosive device used to damage enemy infantry by its blast or fragments. anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) N-C-U2]: a projectile designed to destroy heavily-armored vehicles. Apache [N-C-U10]: an advanced attack helicopter. area-denial weapon [N-C-U1]: a ‘weapon used to limit or deny land access to military traffic. armaments [N-C-USI: the weapons and supplies of combat. armor-piercing [ADJ-U7] (projectile) able to penetrate armor. armored personnel carrier (APC) [N-C-U5}: a vehicle used to transport infantry to the front lines quickly and safely. arsenal [N-C-U8]: a supply of weapons. auto-cannon (N-C-US]: a rapid-fire weapon that fires shells instead of bullets. Avenger [N-C-U8]: air defense system consisting of an HMMWV mounted with launch pods that can fire eight surface-to-air missiles. avionics [N-UNC-U9]: the electronic systems and devices used in aircrafts, battle-taxi [N-C-USI: a nickname for an armored personnel carrier. bipod [N-C-U3]: a two-legged structure that supports rifles, machine guns or other long- barreled weapons Black Hawk [N-C-U9J: a utility helicopter. body armor [N-UNC-U4]: a protective covering designed to defend the body from weapons. buffer zone [N-C-U11]: an area that keeps two or more regions distant from one another. bullet [N-C-U3]: a small metal object that is fired from a gun's barrel. bullet-resistant glass [N-UNC-U6} a material used in various military vehicle windows, designed to withstand gunfire. caliber [N-UNC-U3]: the measurement of the inside of a gun’s barrel or the width of a bullet cargo [N-C-U6]: the goods being transported by a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle cartridge [N-C-U4]: the casing for a firearm’s ammunition ceasefire [N-C-U11]: an order for armies to stop fighting. chain flail [N-C-U1]: a device used by mine clearing machines to beat the ground and safely detonate mines in the vehicle's path, checkpoint [N-C-U15]: a place where a military unit can inspect people and vehicles passing through a certain location. choke point [N-C-U12]: a narrow passage on a route. civil war [N-C-U11]: a war between two regions or groups of the same country Claymore {N-C-U1]: an anti- personnel mine that discharges shrapnel in an arc toward the enemy.\ closed checkpoint [N-C-U15I: a checkpoint that limits or denies access to a route, much like a roadblock combat identification panel [N-C- U6l: a device mounted on military vehicles to allow them to be told apart from the enemy during battle. combat patrol [N-C-U13]: a military unit given the job of destroying or capturing the enemy or the enemy's properties. combat search and rescue (CSAR) [N-UN-C-U14]; a search and rescue mission carried out in or near a combat zone command detonation [ADJ-U1]: (mode) when a mine is set off by the operator. compass man [N-C-U13}: the member of a patrol who assists in navigation by keeping the group on course. console display [N-C-U8]: the visual piece of a central control or instrument panel. convoy [N-C-U12]: a group of vehicles traveling together for safety and support. convoy commander [N-C-U12}: the leader in charge of an entire convoy operation. copilot-gunner [N-C-U10]: the member of an aircraft crew who assists the pilot by operating an aircraft's weaponry. CornerShot [N-C-U4): a firearm that bends in the middle, allowing the shooter to fire around a corner. current intelligence [N-UNC-U14}: the most up-to-date data concerning a route, terrain, or enemy unit. deliberate checkpoint [N-C-U15]: a semi-permanent installation where ‘a military unit can inspect people or vehicles passing through a location. demilitarized zone (DMZ) [N-C- U11I: a buffer zone devoid of any and all military action. demobilize [V-T or |-U11]: to release from military use or service. direct-fire battle [N-C-US]: an exchange of fire when two forces are close enough for their weapons to be able to aim on the targets themselves. disarm [V-T or -U11]: to rid an army of weapons. disengagement [N-C-U11]: the act ‘of making two things separate from each other, such as two armies in battle. distressed personnel [N-UNC-U14] military persons in need of immediate assistance. driver fatigue [N-UNC-U12]: when a vehicle operator becomes too tired to drive safely. drum [N-C-U3]: a type of firearm magazine shaped like a cylinder that stores rounds in a spiral shape. element [N-C-U13]: a single aspect of a military operation. ‘escape route [N-C-U15]: a quick and safe passage from a location. evasion [N-C-U14]: the act of escaping or avoiding an enemy unit. evasion plan of action (EPA) [N-C- U14]: a strategy for avoiding the ‘enemy during a search and rescue mission. Glossary explosive [N-C-U1]: a substance that bursts violently or causes a burst to occur. explosive-reactive armor (ERA) [N- UNC-U2I: a defense used on certain military vehicles that detonates any penetrating weapons, causing ‘them to explode away from their targets explosively formed penetrator (GFP) [N-C-U6]: a special type of charge designed to pierce through armor. external stores support system (ESSS) [N-C-U9}: a structure of stub wings on the fuselage of an aircraft that is able to carry fuel tanks or weapons. fire-and-forget [ADJ-U2]: (weapon) when the projectile requires no human guidance after it has been launched. fire support [N-UNC-US]: long- range firepower that helps military units on the front line, e.g. by way of artillery or aircraft. fixed-wing aircraft [N-C-U8}: (e.g airplane) having wings permanently attached to the craft's fuselage that do not provide power or thrust. fording kit [N-C-U6]: a set of equipment that allows a vehicle to travel through water of various depths. forward area air defense (FAAD) IN-UNC-U8I: a mobile, short-range security system made to defeat low-fiying aircraft four-wheel drive [ADI-U6} (vehicle) when all four wheels are being used by the engine to propel the vehicle Gossary 29Glossary friendly fire [N-UNC-U6]: when ne injures one’s own unit while ‘trying to harm the enemy. fully-automatic firearm [N-C-U3} 2 weapon that automatically fires bullets and ejects the spent shells until the trigger is released. fuselage [N-C-U9]: the main part of an aircraft, to which the wings and tail are attached. Gatling-style [ADJ-US]: (weapon) using multiple barrels that rotate in a gycle after each round is fired. global positioning system (GPS) [N-C-U9I: an electronic device that ses satellites in order to allow the ‘operator to navigate a terrain. ground clearance [N-UNC-U6]: the measurement from the lowest hanging part under a vehicle to the ground. guidance system [N-C-U2]: a device or set of devices that allow the operator to navigate an aircraft, missile, rocket, or other vehicle gyro-stabilized turret [N-C-U8]: an armored structure with an axle that, is able to spin in all directions in order to aim at any target. halt [N-C-U121: a planned rest stop along a convoy's route headquarters [N-UNC-U12I: the center of operations for a military unit from which orders are issued. hasty checkpoint [N-C-U15]: a temporary location where a military unit can inspect people or vehicles passing through an area. helmet mounted display [N-C- UT0I: a device that allows an aircraft pilot or gunner to aim 30 cossary weaponry at target in the direction his/her head is facing. high mobility multi-purpose wheeled vehicle (HMMVWV) [N-C- U6): a widely-used military vehicle that is able to perform a variety of duties including troop transport, medical aid, and being a weapons platform, holding area [N-C-U15]: an enclosed location near a checkpoint where a person or vehicle can be inspected more closely by a military unit. hostile element [N-C-U15]: any part of an enemy unit. humanitarian [N-C-U111]: someone devoted to the well-being of other people, improvised explosive device [N-C- US]: a homemade bomb made and deployed in ways different from those in standard military action. infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) [N-C- US}: a troop transport that is fitted with enough armor and weaponry to engage in direct-fire battle. infrared homing [ADJ-U2]: a guidance system that uses the electromagnetic radiation given off bya target to track it. insurgent [N-C-U15]: is a member of the enemy force. interpreter [N-C-U15]: someone who can translate one language into another, interrogator [N-C-U15]: someone who examines a person by asking questions Javelin [N-C-U2]: a man-portable anti-tank guided missile. land mine [N-C-U1]: an explosive device usually detonated by contact. laser-guided missile [N-C-U9]: a projectile that is fired at a target using a laser beam to aim it lateral attack [N-C-U6]: an assault from the side, as opposed to from above or below. launch [V-T or |-U2]: to propel with force. launch pod [N-C-U8]: a structure from which a rocket or missile is fired. line of sight [N-C-U2]: the imaginary line from the human eye to the target Longbow [N-C-U10}: an advanced attack helicopter in the Apache group. low-velocity cannon [N-C-U4]: a cannon which fires shells at a low speed for short ranges. ‘machine gun (N-C-U3]: an automatic firearm that can shoot bullets one after the other very quickly. magazine [N-C-U3]: the part of a un where cartridges are stored before use. man-portable [ADJ-U2]: can be transported by a person, without the help of a vehicle. mandate [N-C-U111]: a command or instruction given by a figure of authority. march column [N-C-U12}: the line of vehicles that makes up a convoy. mine clearing machine (N-C-U1]: a vehicle that creates a safe path for soldiers through a minefield.S mine plow [N-C-U1]: a device used to push land mines out of the path ofa tank. minefield [N-C-U1]: an area in which a military has used land mines. minefield dispersal system [N-C- USI: a system used to quickly lay land mines over a wide area, by way of fired artillery or dropped bombs. mobile support unit [N-C-U8]: a vehicle- or aircraft-mounted defense system used to protect ground troops. motor pool [N-C-U5]: a group or fleet of vehicles MP? [N-C-Ud): a submachine gun that uses armor-piercing ammunition similar to that used by modern rifles. night vision [N-UNC-U10]: A device with night vision gives the operator the ability to see in a dark environment. nose-mounted [ADJ-U10]: (device) attached to an aircraft's most forward point (the nose). objective [N-C-U13]: a goal that ‘one works toward. objective area [N-C-U14]: the location at which a military unit's mission is aimed. obstacle [N-C-U15]: something that blocks or stands in the way of progress. on-scene commander [N-C-U14] the leader of a search and rescue mission. ‘optical [ADJ-U2]: relating to the ability to see pacesetter [N-C-U12]: the lead vehicle in a convoy that makes sure the planned schedule is followed. patrol [N-C-U13]: a military unit assigned to observe or take action ina specific area patrol leader [N-C-U13}: the commander of a patrol. peace accord [N-C-U11]: an agreement between warring groups to stop fighting. peacekeeping [ADJ-U11]: (mission or force) with the objective of upholding peace among hostile groups. penetrating weapon [N-C-U2]: a ‘weapon designed to break into or pierce a target. periscope [N-C-U7]: a device that ses mirrors to allow the operator to view an environment from an indirect line of sight. prototype [N-C-U4): an original form or design of a device. rate of fire [N-UNC-U3]: the speed at which a weapon can discharge its projectiles. rear vehicle [N-C-U12]: one of the last members of a convoy, responsible for maintenance, recovery, and medical aid recoil (N-UNC-U3}: the abrupt backward movement a gun makes when itis fired reconnaissance patrol [N-C-U13]: a military unit that provides current information on the enemy and terrain. reconstruction [N-UNC-U1 1]: the act of building again or renewing. Glossary recovery [N-C-U14}: the act of getting back or reclaiming a person or object. release point [N-C-U12}: the final destination of a military convoy. remote control unit (RCU) [N-C- U8}: a unit that allows the crew to operate a vehicle's weapons from a distance remote weapon station (RWS) [N- C-U7}: a munitions platform that can be operated from a distance. rescue combat air patrol (RESCAP) [N-C-U14]: an aircraft that provides fire support over an objective area for a combat search and rescue mission, rescue escort (RESCORT) [N-C- U14): an aircraft that provides fire support to a combat search and rescue mission on route to and from the objective area. risk management assessment (N- C-U12}: a detailed description of a convoy route’s physical dangers. roadblock [N-C-U15]: a barricade ‘or obstruction preventing access to a route. rounds per minute [PHRASE-U3] the speed at which a gun can fire cartridges over the course of one minute. run-flat tire [N-C-U7]: a tire that is designed to keep being useful toa vehicle after it has been punctured. sandbag [N-C-U4]: a bag filled with sand, used in the creation of barriers or obstacles. SAR Task Force (SARTF) [N-C-U14] a military unit that recovers distressed personnel from a combat zone. Gossary 341Glossary scout [V-T or I-U13]: to explore or observe in order to gain information. search and rescue (SAR) [N-UNC- U14]: missions to recover personnel isolated from their unit and perhaps in danger. self-destruct [V-I-U1]: (e.g. mine) destroy itself. shoulder-launched weapon [N-C- U2|: a weapon that fires a projectile (usually a missile or rocket) at a target and is small enough to be carried by a single person. shrapnel [N-UNC-U1}; the fragments from an explosive; also, the metal balls in certain artillery shells. slat armor [N-UNC-U7]; a defensive covering used on certain military vehicles, that is able to detonate explosive rounds before they hit the vehicle's hull slew-to-cue [ADJ-U8]: (turret) able to shift into position automatically when the operator selects a target on a console display. sling (N-C-U9I: a construction used for lifting and carrying an object. special-purpose weapon [N-C- Ud}; a firearm that combines more than one function, such as a rifle with a grenade launcher attached. Stryker [N-C-U7]: a type of infantry fighting vehicle used by the United States Army. Stryker Brigade Combat Team (N- UTI: a group of Stryker IFVs that work together toward a common goal. stub wing [N-C-U9] a type of wing on an aircraft that allows extra weight to be carried 32. cossary \\ submachine gun [N-C-U4]: a firearm that combines the automatic fire of a machine gun and the cartridge of a pistol suppressive fire [N-UNC-U3]: the discharge of weapons at the enemy to keep them from seeing, tracking, or firing at a target. surface-to-air missile [N-C-US]: a projectile fired from a device on the ground with the purpose of destroying an aircraft. surveillance [N-UNC-U13}: the close observation of a person or group tactical group [N-C-U13|: a military Unit that carries out an operation tactical transport [N-UNC-U9]: the movement of personnel or equipment by way of a ground vehicle or aircraft. tandem cockpit [N-C-U10]: an aircraft cockpit which seats two ‘crew members, one behind the other. ‘tandem warhead [N-C-U2]: an explosive projectile that detonates ‘two separate charges, the first to destroy explosive-reactive armor and the second to penetrate the main armor of a target. Target Acquisition and Designation System (TADS) [N-C- U10I: a device that allows a helicopter gunner to aim at a target with a helmet-mounted display. thermal [ADJ-U2]: related to the sensation or observation of heat. ‘thermal-imaging camera [N-C-U7]: a camera which allows the user to see a target by the heat it gives off. threat awareness [N-UNC-U15]. the ability to recognize immediate danger. time-delay [ADJ-U1]: (device) set to operate after a fixed amount of time has passed. tire spike [N-C-U15]: a sharp device used to impede or stop the movement of a vehicle by puncturing its tires. TOW [N-C-U2}: an anti-tank guided missile that can be launched from a variety of different platforms. tracking patrol [N-C-U13]: a military group that follows an enemy unit, gathering information about the enemy, the route, and the terrain as they track. trigger [N-C-U3I: a part of the firearm that causes it to fire when pressed. tripod [N-C-U2]: a structure with ‘three legs made to hold a machine un, missile, or other weapon twin-engine [N-UNC-U9}: (aircraft) powered by two separate engines unmanned aerial vehicle [N-C-U8} an aircraft operated remotely with no personnel on board. utility helicopter [N-C-U9]: a helicopter used for many purposes (transport, surveillance, air or ground assault, etc.) vehicle commander (N-C-U7I: the leader of a Stryker IFV who also serves as its gunner. victim-initiated [ADJ-U1}: (e.g. mine) operated unintentionally by the person itis meant to harm. XM29 OICW [N-C-UdI: a prototype assault rifle that fires airburst munitions to damage hidden targets.