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OC Protection Unit-11804

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Ahmed Elhosany
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29 views

OC Protection Unit-11804

Uploaded by

Ahmed Elhosany
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OC Protection Unit

Attia El-Fergany
Professor of EPS and Protection
Overloads vs “Overcurrent
▪ Overloads – Currents slightly exceeding the rated
current. No faults in the system. Usually equipment
can withstand in terms of ‘minutes’. Usually
associated with motors

▪ Overcurrent occurs during faults. Very large


currents due to fault in the system e.g. insulation
failure and shorts to earth. Must be cleared very
quickly to limit let through energy and for safety
reasons.

2
Overloads vs “Overcurrent
▪ Relay Overload curve – ideally just below
equipment thermal withstand curve
▪ Overload relay – does NOT provide
overcurrent protection
▪ Overcurrent relay – not suitable for protection
against overloads
▪ Fuse – very good short-circuit protection
device but suitable for overload protections

3
Types Over Current Protection

✓Plain OC (50/51).

✓Voltage dependent OC (51VR/51VC).

✓Directional OC protection (67).

4
Methods of Connecting OC Relays

5
Phase-phase fault

Fault clearing delayed as 51


coordinates with down-stream
relays

▪Typical setting should be 175% of rated current


✓override swings due to slow clearing external fault
✓starting of motors
✓transformer energization
6
OC Relay

7
Inverse Characteristic

IDMT – Inverse Definite


Minimum Time

8
IDMT delay (IDMT: Inverse Definite Minimum
Time)
Inverse Over current Characteristic with
different TSM (TD)

10
Inverse Curves of OC – BS/IEC 60255

▪Standard Inverse – IEC Class A

▪Very Inverse - IEC Class B

▪ Extremely Inverse - IEC Class C

11
Inverse Curves of OC – BS/IEC 60255

12
Inverse Curves of OC – ANSI/IEEE

13
Equations for Inverse Curves of OC – BS/IEC 60255,
ANSI/IEEE

14
Definite time delay (DT)
IDMT tripping curves.
▪ There are several types of curves, determined by
equations and defined by the various
standardization organizations: for example, the IEC
defines the following:
– standard inverse time (SIT), type A

– very inverse time (VIT), Type B

– extremely inverse time (EIT). Type C


Characteristics and settings of (OC)
Voltage Dependent OC (51V) protection
threshold.
▪ As the value of short-circuit current decreases over time to
approximately the rated current, if not lower, in steady state
conditions, simple current detection may be insufficient.

▪ This type of fault can be detected effectively by a voltage-restrained


overcurrent protection device (ANSI 51VR), the threshold of which
increases with the voltage. Operation is delayed.

▪ When the machine is equipped with a system that maintains the short-
circuit at about 3 In, the use of a phase overcurrent protection unit
(ANSI 51) is recommended.
Generator Current Decrement

19
Generator Short-circuit current level
OC Protection - Voltage Restrained

▪ Operating characteristic is continuously varied


depending on measured voltage

▪ Preferred option when generator is connected via step


up transformer

▪ Alternatively use impedance relay


Principle of 50/51V
▪ Let us take the example of a generator with a synchronous
impedance Xd =155%. The minimum permanent short-circuit
current is therefore:

In
I SC = , Hence I SC = 0.645I n
X d ( PU )

22
Voltage restrained OC
Voltage Controlled OC (51VC)
(51VR)
Voltage-restrained TOC Relay 51VR

▪Pickup of relay depends on voltage

▪Relay must not pickup at full load and normal voltage


24
Voltage-restrained TOC Relay 51V

▪ 51VR relay pickup decreases with


decreases in the voltage.

▪ 51VR less susceptible to operation on


swings of motor starting condition that
depresses the voltage.

25
Voltage-restrained TOC Relay 51/27VR

▪If relay pickup is set at 175% of rated current:


▪relay picks up at 175% of rated current at 100% rated voltage,
▪relay picks up at 44% (25% of 175%) of rated current at 25%
voltage.
26
Methods of Co-ordination
▪ By Time Grading

27
Discrimination by Time
Discrimination by Current
Methods of Co-ordination
▪ By Time/Current Inverse Curve

30
Time-based discrimination
(IDMT)
END

Any Questions,
Please…

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