CHAPTER 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.1.1 Cement industry

Cement is a basic material for building and civil engineering construction. Output from the
cement industry is directly related to the state of the construction business in general and
therefore tracks the overall economic situation closely. The production of cement in the
European Union stood at 172 million tonnes in 1995, equivalent to about 12% of world
production

After mining, grinding and homogenisation of raw materials; the first step in cement
manufacture is calcination of calcium carbonate followed by burning the resulting calcium
oxide together with silica, alumina, and ferrous oxide at high temperatures to form clinker.
The clinker is then ground or milled together with gypsum and other constituents to produce
cement

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1.1.2 Brief Introduction of Cement Industry

Cement Industry, a relatively fast growing industry, is developing in pace with increasing
building and construction activities. Cement has long been used as a bonding agent to unite
particles or to cause one surface to adhere to another.

Historically. Bangladesh did not depend much on cement. It also does not have enough
natural resources for manufacturing it. The base materials traditionally used in house building
and other construction required little use of cement. Gradual substitution of traditional
building structures or patterns by modern high-rise ones has pushed up the use of cement.
However, as the economy continues to remain agro based, construction sectors have not been
able to gain momentum and as the infrastructure development is selective, cement remained
product of low demand. A faster growth in demand for cement has been observed only since
mid-1980s, especially with implementation of large infrastructure projects, increased pace of
urbanisation, construction of apartment buildings and multistoried shopping complexes in
urban areas, and a shift in the taste of moneyed rural people for modern houses.

Private enterprises dominate production and export of cement to cater to the local market.
The manufacturing of cement is based on both locally available raw materials and imported
clinker. The mills that produce cement from imported clinker are located mostly around
Dhaka. Chittagong, and Mongla. Local raw material based cement production depends on
limestone deposits that lie in St Martin's Island, Joypurahat areas and in the deposits in
Sylhet. Some plants have the added advantage of being able to meet their needs for gas and
clay from deposits close by.

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1.2 IMPORTANCE OF CEMENT INDUSTRY

(1) Centralization of ownership: In no other industry of India is there greater

centralization of ownership and control than in the cement industry. The public sector, the
A.C.C., the Dalmia Jain and the Birlas control bulk of the cement units. The centralization of
ownership and control has inevitably led to the financial and administrative integration of
different cement factories, thus exerting profound influence on the size of individual units.

(2) Diversified over the country: The industry is well diversified over all the states of
India since the manufacture of cement requires weight losing materials like limestone or
chalk, clay and gypsum, the industry has a tendency to be attracted at the point of minimum
transportational costs in relation to raw materials. Limestone of excellent quality exists in
abundance in many parts of the country, and in close proximity of railway lines so that
industry shown a tendency of regional dispersal of productive activity. But as late as 1980,
Cement factories were largely concentrate in the southern and western regions of the country.

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1.3 OBJECTIVES

● To understand basic knowledge about the functioning of the business organization.

● To understand the Organization Culture

● To become familiar with the factory environment.

● To understand the need for effective management through keen observation.

1.4 PERIOD OF THE STUDY

The Study was done under one month in RAMCO CEMENT INDUSTRY

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CHAPTER-2
2.1 INDUSTRY PROFILE
2.1.1 Introduction

India is the second-largest producer of cement in the world. It accounts for more than 8% of
the global installed capacity. India has a lot of potential for development in the infrastructure
and construction sector and the cement sector is expected to largely benefit from it.
Furthermore, on the back of rising rural housing demand, the consumption of cement in India
has been growing consistently as it is one of the cheapest products to buy in terms of Rs./kg.
Strong expansion of the industrial sector, which has fully recovered from the COVID-19
pandemic shock, is one of the main demand drivers for the cement industry. As a result, there
is a strong potential for an increase in the long-term demand for the cement industry. Some of
the recent initiatives, such as the development of 98 smart cities, are expected to significantly
boost the sector.

Aided by suitable Government foreign policies, several foreign players such as

Lafarge-Holcim, Heidelberg Cement, and Vicat have invested in the country in the recent
past. A significant factor which aids the growth of this sector is the ready availability of raw
materials for making cement, such as limestone and coal.

Currently, the installed cement capacity in India is 553 MTPA with a production of 298
MTPA.

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2. 1.2 MARKET SIZE

The cement demand in India is exhibiting a CAGR of 5.65% between 2016-22. As India has
a high quantity and quality of limestone deposits through-out the country, the cement
industry promises huge potential for growth. India has a total of 210 large cement plants, of
which 77 are in Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Tamil Nadu. Nearly 32% of India's cement
production capacity is based in South India, 20% in North India, 13% in Central, 15% in
West India, and the remaining 20% is based in East India. India's cement production is
expected to increase at a CAGR of 5.65% between FY16-22, driven by demands in roads,
urban infrastructure and commercial real estate. India's cement production was expected to
range between 380-390 million tonnes in FY23, a growth rate of 8-9% year-on-year (yoy).

Between FY12 and FY23, the installed capacity grew by 61% to 570 MT from 353 in FY22.
The Indian cement sector's capacity is expected to expand at a compound annual growth rate
(CAGR) of 4-5% over the four-year period up to the end of the FY27. It would thus begin the
2028 financial year at 715-725 MT/ year in installed capacity.

The consumption of cement in India is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.68% from FY16 to
FY22. As per Crisil Ratings, the Indian cement industry is likely to add ~80 million tonnes
(MT) capacity by FY24, the highest in the last 10 years, driven by increasing spending on
housing and infrastructure activity

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2.1.3 Uses Of Cement

Cement is a very useful binding material in construction. The applications of cement in

various fields of construction have made it a very important civil engineering material.

Some of the numerous functions of cement are given below.

1. It is used in mortar for plastering, masonry work, pointing, etc.

2. It is used for making joints for drains and pipes.
3. It is used for the water-tightness of the structure.
4. It is used in concrete for laying floors, and roofs and constructing lintels, beams,
stairs, pillars, etc.
5. It is used where a hard surface is required for the protection of exposed surfaces of
structures against the destructive agents of the weather and certain organic or
inorganic chemicals.
6. It is used for precast pipes manufacturing, piles, fencing posts, etc.
7. It is used in the construction of important engineering structures such as bridges,
culverts, dams, tunnels, lighthouses, etc.
8. It is used in the preparation of foundations, watertight floors, footpaths, etc.
9. It is employed for the construction of wells, water tanks, tennis courts, lamp posts,
telephone cabins, roads, etc

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2.1.4 ROAD AHEAD

The Indian government is firmly focused on infrastructure development to spur economic

growth and is striving for full infrastructure coverage to establish smart cities. The
government plans to increase the capacity of railways and the facilities for handling and
storage to enable the transfer of cement and cut out on transportation costs. These measures
are expected to result in an increased construction activity in the country, thereby boosting
demand for cement.
The eastern states of India are likely to be the newer and untapped markets for cement
companies and could contribute to their bottom line in future. In the next 10 years, India
could become the main exporter of clinker and gray cement to the Middle East, Africa, and
other developing nations of the world. Cement plants near the ports, for instance the plants in
Gujarat and Visakhapatnam, will have an added advantage for export and will logistically be
well armed to face stiff competition from cement plants in the interior of the country. India’s
cement production capacity is expected to reach 550 MT by 2025. A number of foreign
players are also expected to enter the cement sector owing to the profit margins and steady
demand.

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2.1.5 GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES

In order to help private sector companies thrive in the industry, the Government has been
approving their investment schemes. Some of the initiatives taken by the Government off late
are as below:

As per the Union Budget 2023-24:

Government approved an outlay of US$ 32.57 billion (Rs. 2.7 lakh crore) for
the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways which is likely to boost demand
for cement.
Under the housing for all segment, in 2023-24 the budget estimate for Pradhan
Mantri Awas Yojana is US$ 9.63 billion (Rs. 79,590 crore), a 66% rise than
the last year’s budget estimate of US$ 6.43 billion (Rs 48,000 crore) in
2022-23.
As per Invest India, National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP) expanded to 9,305 projects
from 7,400 projects.
In October 2021, Prime Minister, Mr. Narendra Modi, launched the ‘PM Gati Shakti -
National Master Plan (NMP)’ for multimodal connectivity. Gati Shakti will bring
synergy to create a world-class, seamless multimodal transport network in India. This
will boost the demand for cement in the future.
The Union Budget allocated Rs. 13,750 crore (US$ 1.88 billion) and Rs. 12,294 crore
(US$ 1.68 billion) for Urban Rejuvenation Mission: AMRUT and Smart Cities
Mission and Swachh Bharat Mission.

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2.2 COMPANY PROFILE

2.2.1 INTRODUCTION

Ramco Cements Limited is the flagship company of the Ramco Group, a well-known
business group of South India. It is headquartered at Chennai. The main product of the
company is Portland cement, manufactured in eight state-of-the art production facilities that
include Integrated Cement plants and Grinding units with a current total production capacity
of 16.69 MTPA (out of which Satellite Grinding units capacity alone is 4.20 MTPA) Ramco
cements is the most popular cement brand in South India. The company also produces Ready
Mix Concrete and Dry Mortar products, and operates one of the largest wind farms in the
country, Ramco cements also have its state-of-the art research centre named Ramco Research
Development Centre [RRDC] at Chennai.

The Ramco Cements Limited is managed by a Board of Directors comprising of eminent

personalities as its members. Shri P.R.Venketrama Raja has become the Chairman &
Managing Director of the Company with effect from 04-06-2017. The company board brings
together a team of business, administrative, financial and cement technology professionals
who provide guidance and direction to the company's operations in a competitive business
environment. Ramco Cements Limited has been a pioneer in adopting corporate governance
practices comparable to the best in the country.

Ramco cements limited commissioned the most sophisticated Ready Mix Concrete Plant in
Medavakkam in South Chennai. A state-of-art Dry Mortar plant was commissioned near
Sriperumbudur, Tamilnadu which manufactures dry mortar, cement based putty and tile fix
compound. The Company has four satellite grinding units, located at Chengalpattu and Salem
in Tamil Nadu, Kolaghat in West Bengal and Vizag in Andhra Pradesh. The aggregate
grinding capacity of the four plants is 40 lac tonnes per annum. The Ramco Empire is
continuing to expand and the process of globalisation is on and the Ground taking the big
leap onto the international horizon.

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2.2.2 Company History

Birth of a Visionary: On April 24, 1894, when a son was born to Pusapati Chinniah Raja,
there was great jubilation in the family. Chinana Raja believed that the child was born with
the blessings of the Lord of Rameswaram, and named the child Ramasamy Raja. Little did
anyone imagine that the infant was to one day change the face of Rajapalayam, a panoramic
town on the foothills of the Western Ghats in South Tamil Nadu, Ramasamy Raja, known as
PACR, was only 27 years old when his father died and all the onerous responsibilities of the
family were thrust upon his young shoulders.

Birth of the first Ramco Venture: His visited Britain and other European countries to see
first-hand the working of the mills. There, he had the chance to meet many business
magnates. He returned to India full of ideas. After returning to Rajapalayam, he put his plans
into action. To start the yarn mill, he found that he needed Rs.5 lakhs, which in 1936 was a
huge sum. It was considered a Herculean task to raise such a big capital. But the determined
Raja was not deterred. He decided to make the people "Shareholders".

Rajapalayam Mills Ltd: Thanks to his illustrious background and his own reputation, he got
the required capital ready, in next to no time. On September 05, 1938, the then State Minister
for Labor, V.V.Giri, inaugurated the mill and Rajapalayam Mills Ltd commenced operations.
There was no looking back for Ramasamy Raja after this. The Mill was a grand success. He
followed this up with other successful ventures. He started The Ramaraju Surgical Cotton
Mills Ltd along with his son-in-law Rama Raju.

Birth Of The Ramco Cements Limited (Formerly Ramco Cements Ltd): In the 1950s,
investment in Cement Industry was not attractive due to price controls and the massive
investments required. Only those entrepreneurs who were not profit-minded but cared for the
country's development came forward to invest in the Cement Industry.
Birth of Cement Plants: The first plant of MCL at Ramasamy Raja Nagar, near Virudhunagar
in Tamil Nadu, commenced its production in 1962 with a capacity of 200 tonnes, using wet
process. In 70s, the plant switched over to a more efficient dry process. A second kiln was
also added to bring the total capacity to 15 lakh tons per annum. The second venture of MCL
is its Jayanthipuram plant near Vijayawada in A.P., set up in 1987. The 36.50 lakh ton per
annum plant employs the latest state of art technology The third venture of MCL is at

11
Alathiyur in TN. It was set up in 1997 and expanded by addition of another line in 2001. The
30.50 lakh tons per annum plant is the most modern plant in the country. Ariyalur plant
started operations in 2009 with a capacity of 2 MTPA. It is well-equipped with modern
quality control systems.

Other Ventures: In 2000, MCL acquired Gokul Cements situated in Method in Karnataka

whose capacity is 2.90 lakh tons per annum. Being an eco-friendly company, MCL set up the
Ramco Wind farm in 1993 at Muppandal in TN. This was followed by wind farms in
Poolavadi near Coimbatore in 1995, Oothumalai in 2005 and in Method - the combined
capacity of the wind farms is about 159 MW. In the year 1999, MCL commissioned the most
sophisticated Ready Mix Concrete Plant in Medavakkam in South Chennai. In 2002, a state-
of-art Dry Mortar plant was commissioned near Sriperumbudur, Tamilnadu which
manufactures dry mortar, cement based putty and tile fix compound.
Ramco has come a long way ;

• From an initial capacity of 200 Tonnes Per Day (TPD) to capacity of 22 MTPA today.

• From operating the business in a single unit with a single product in a heavily controlled
era to becoming a multi product, multi location company.

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2.2.3 OBJECTIVE

Any company will have its own objectives. A company objective is a goal or outcome that a
company wants its organisation to achieve.

● To ensure dispatch of cement as per market needs and to provide best services to the
customers in terms of timely and speedy delivery of material

● To ensure adequate availability of material as per ship planning and dispatch for
maximum possible quantity.

● Rendering appropriate services to the transport's truck drivers with minimum

detention of their vehicles at our factory.

● To ensure complaints of various statutory requirements connected to the above

movements, without any deviation.

● Maintaining effective public relations with the concerned government officers.

● To create better value for the customers through business innovation

● To continue to serve the local communities

● To meet the highest standards in the responsible use of natural resources

● To empower the lives of the family of employees.

● To provide a high performance cement superior to Ordinary Portland Cement.

● To produce cement at a lower cost than the Ordinary Portland Cement.

● To greatly reduce the carbon emissions associated with Ordinary Portland Cement.

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14
2.2.5 MADRAS CEMENTS LTD

It is the flag ship company of Ramco group. The main product of the company is Portland
cements manufactured through the five advanced production facilities spread over South
India. The cement production capacity is 16.5 MTPA .This company is the fifth largest
cement production in the country and second largest in South India.

2.2.6 RAMCO INDUSTRIES LTD

It is one of the best performing, highly efficient producers of fibre cement sheets in India and
is the market leader. RIL has pioneered and introduced the innovative calcium silicate board
is a versatile building Interior product in India. RIL is operating the most modern fibre
cement roofing sheets and pipe plants in India today- In Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu,
Karnataka and Silvassa, the current aggregate capacity for fibre cements for fibre cement
sheets is 0.49MTPA and fibre cement pressure pipe is 0.03MTPA. The entire working cycle
from the feeding of raw materials to the formation of sheets is automated to ensure a
production free environment in all the factories.

2.2.7 FACTORY LOCATIONS

● Arakkonam (Tamil nadu)

● Karur (KKarnataka)

● Silvassa (Gujarat)

● Bhuj (Gujarat)

● Maksi (Madhya Pradesh)

● Kharagpur (West Bengal)

● Vijayawada (Andhra Pradesh)

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2.2.8 Vision

To create value on a sustained basis for all stakeholders of India Cements through
lofty standards of transparency, accountability and responsibility, innovation and
leadership in cement mamanufacture.

2.2.9 Mission

● To continuously improve productivity through quality, technology renewal and

customer focused operations.

● To position ourselves in the cement business as a pace setter and grow in the same
and related business.

● To seek green field locations for growth on the basis of developed synergies of the
existing operations.

● To continuously seek quality enhancement in product, processes and responses to

various stakeholders.

● To update management practices on a continuous basis and maintain a culture of

professional management.

● To conserve, protect and enhance quality of life for our employees and community.

● To preserve the credence in our motto "our real resources are the human assets".

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2.2.10 MILESTONE

As a global leader in building materials and solutions, Ramco Cements are conscious of the
bigger picture and strive to ensure that They live up to the responsibilities that come with our
presence in many diverse countries. They take action to be a responsible and ethical
company, with sustainability as a core value. Sustainability creates value for their business,
their shareholders, their employees and society, and they aspire to be a leader in this field and
leverage resulting opportunities.
Ramco achieved more award and recognitions the following names are the some awards
achieved by the Ramco cement limited

● 4 Leaves Award
Centre for Science and Environment

● National Award for Energy

Conservation Confederation of Indian industry

● Best Energy Efficient Unit

National Council for Cement and Building Materials

● Corporate Performance award

economics times

● Best Improvement in Energy Performance

International Congress on Chemistry of
Cement

● The Analyst Award

The Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India

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● Best all round Industrial performance
Federation of AP Chambers of Commerce & Industries

● Visvesvaraya Industrial Award

All India Manufacturers Organization's

● State Safety Awards

Tamil Nadu & AP Governments

● The Ramasamy Raja Nagar unit of Ramco Cements received the “5 Star Award” for
its performance in maintaining Occupational, Health, Safety and Environment
standards from the Confederation of Indian Industry

● The Ramasamy Raja unit of Ramco Cements received the prestigious Gold Medal at
the National Awards for Manufacturing Competitiveness 2020 organized by
International Research Institute for Manufacturing. The unit also received “Special
Award for Sustainability in Operations” at All India Level, for demonstrating
commitment and excellence in the journey towards improving manufacturing
competitiveness.

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● The Alathiyur plant of Ramco Cements was recognized with the Golden Peacock
National Training Award for the year 2020 by The Institute of Directors, in New
Delhi.

● The Ariyalur unit of Ramco Cements was conferred the Occupational Health &
Safety Award 2020 by Apex India Foundation in recognition of its excemplary
performance in Occupational Health & Safety. The Award was presented by Retd.
Major General Mr.P.K.Sehgal, Defence Expert and TEDx Speaker, Government of
India and Dr.R.K.Suri, Chief Advisor, Apex India Foundation and Former Director of
Ministry of Environment and Forests.

● Ramco Cements was bestowed the "Corporate Governance Award" and "Sustainable
Governance Award" at the India Green Manufacturing Challenge- 2018 conducted by
the International Research Institute of Management (IRIM).

● The Jayanthipuram plant of Ramco Cements was bestowed “Best Supporting

Organisation Award” by the Quality Circle Forum of India, Hyderabad Chapter. The
Award was presented by Honourable Vice President of India, Shri. M. Venkaiah
Naidu

● Ramco Cements was bestowed the "Corporate Governance Award" and "Sustainable
Governance Award" at the India Green Manufacturing Challenge- 2018 conducted by
the International Research Institute of Management (IRIM).

● Sri Nayani Narasimha Reddy, Honourable Home and Labour Minister, Government
of Telangana, giving away the award for “Best Supporting Organization for Quality
Circles Movement” , constituted by Quality Circle Forum of India, to Jayanthipuram
Plant of Ramco Cements.

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2.3 BOARD OF MANAGEMENT

2.3.1 Introduction

The company has 8 directors and 3 reported key management personnel.

The longest serving director currently on board is Radhey Shyam Agarwal who was
appointed on 30 January, 2006. Radhey Shyam Agarwal has been on the board for more than
17 years. The most recently appointed director is Mayuram Swaminathan Krishnan, who was
appointed on 03 September, 2019.

Poosapadi Ramasubrahmaneya Rajha Venketrama Raja has the largest number of other
directorships with a seat at a total of 19 companies. In total, the company is connected to 45
other companies through its directors.

● 21 August, 1993
KUNJITHAPADHAM
SELVANAYAGAM KMP
● 30 January, 2006
RADHEY SHYAM AGARWAL
Director
● 02 August, 2010
BHASKARA MANDAVILLI NAGESWARA RAO
Director
● 23 October, 2013
MURUGAPPAN MUTHIAH VENKATACHALAM
Director
● 01 April, 2014
ARRAKUNDAL VELAYUTHA RAJA
DHARMAKRISHNAN KMP

● 01 April, 2014
SIVARAMAN
VAITHIYANATHAN KMP

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21
2.4 ORGANISATION STRUCTURE
2.4.1 Introduction

An organisational structure is a system that outlines how certain activities are directed in
order to achieve the goals of an organisation. These activities can include rules, roles, and
responsibilities. The organisational structure also determines how information flows between
levels within the company. They define a specific hierarchy within an organisation. A
successful organisational structure defines each employee's job and how it fits within the
overall system. This structure is illustrated using an organisational chart, where the most
powerful members of the organisation sit at the top, while those with the least amount are at
the bottom. An organisational structure helps in improving efficiency and provides clarity for
everyone at every level. Each and every department can be more productive, as they are
likely to be more focused on energy and time

It is a system used to define a hierarchy within an organisation. It identifies each job, its
function and where it reports to within the organisation. This structure is developed to
establish how an organisation operates and assists an organisation in obtaining its goals to
allow for future growth. There are several types of organisation structure to meet the needs of
organisations that operate differently. The types of organisational structure include divisional,
functional, geographical and matrix. A divisional structure is suitable for organisations with
distinct business units, while a geographical structure provides a hierarchy for organisations
that operate at several locations nationally or internationally. A functional organisational
structure is based on each job's duties. A matrix structure, which has two or several
supervisors for each job to report to, is the most complicated but may be necessary for large
organisations with many locations and functional areas,

Although there are many types of organisational structures developed to meet each
organisation's needs, all the employees are provided a hierarchy that reports to a centralised
location and group of executives. The highest ranking member of an organisational chart is
one or several top executives referred to as the president, chief executive officer or chief
operating officer.

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2.4.2 ORGANISATION CHART

23
 CHAPTER-3

3.1 DEPARTMENTATION

3.1.1 Introduction

Departmentation means division of work into smaller units and their re-grouping into bigger
units (departments) on the basis of similarity of features. As the organisation grows in size,
the work is divided into units and subunits. Division of work into units and subunits creates
departments. Departments are created and activities of similar nature are grouped in one unit.
Each department is headed by a person known as departmental manager. The departmental
heads ensure efficient functioning of their departments within the broad principles of
organisation Departmentation is the foundation of organisation structure, that is, organisation
structure depends upon departmentation. Departmentation helps in expanding an organisation
and also promotes efficiency by dividing the work on the basis of specialisation of activities
and appointing people in various departments on the basis of their specialised knowledge

A department is a distinct area, division or branch of an enterprise over which a manager has
authority for the performance of specified activities. The management of the enterprise is
made more effective by departmentation. It would have been a very difficult and complicated
task to manage a large undertaking without divisionalisation. The creation of a series of
smaller departments enables the executives to get them specialised within a narrower range.

3.1.2 VARIOUS TYPES OF DEPARTMENTATION

❖ Production department
❖ Accounts department
❖ Human resource department
❖ Marketing department
❖ Mines department
❖ Quality control department

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3.2 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
3.2.1 Introduction

The production department is responsible for converting inputs into outputs through the
stages of production processes. The Production Manager is responsible for making sure that
raw materials are provided and made into finished goods effectively. They will set the
standards and targets at each stage of the production process. The quantity and quality of
products for a production line will be closely monitored. It provides materials, components
and equipment required. It undertakes the activities necessary to provide the organisation's
products

3.2.2 FUNCTIONS OF PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

● The production department manufactures goods for the business which are then sold
in order to bring revenue for the business .

● The production department is also responsible for the designing of the goods or
products of the business which are sold to other businesses or to the general public.

● Every aspect of production is controlled by the production department By controlling

production, the department efficiently uses things such as labour, machines and
materials judiciously in order to prevent any wastage

● The department improves on the products of the business by bringing changes and
innovations.

● The production department makes sure that it produces goods or products at very low
costs in order to maximise profit.

● The production department works in collaboration with the purchasing department of

the company in order to make sure that materials needed for production are always
available.

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3.3 ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT
3.3.1 Introduction

The accounting department is responsible for recording and reporting the cash inflows and
outflows of a company. The accounting department is responsible for a large number of
administrative functions within an organisation such as accounts receivables, accounts
payable, payroll, etc.

3.3.2 FUNCTIONS OF ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT

● ACCOUNTS PAYABLE
In order to maintain great relationships with vendors, making sure that everyone gets paid on
time is a vital role. The role of the accounting department includes keeping an eye on
opportunities to save money. For example, determining if there are discounts or incentives
available for paying certain vendors more quickly.

● ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
Another critical duty of the accounts department is to account for and track receivables,
including outstanding invoices and any required collection actions. Accounts receivable is
responsible for creating and tracking invoices The responsibility includes assuring that
customers pay those invoices on time, so a system of friendly reminders is crucial

● PAYROLL
Payroll is a critical function of the accounting department and includes making sure all
employees are paid accurately and timely. In addition, proper tax is assessed and tax
payments are on time with state and federal government agencies.

● REPORTING AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The primary reason for collecting the data properly in the accounting soft is to prepare
financial reports that can be used for budgeting, forecasting

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3.4 HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT
3.4.1 Introduction
The human resources department handles a range of different functions within an
organisation. The department is responsible for hiring and firing employees, training
workers, maintaining interoffice relationships and interpreting employment laws. The
department works diligently to run the organisation efficiently. This department performs the
functions such as recruitment and selection, orientation, maintaining good working
conditions, managing employee relations, training and development.

3.4.2 FUNCTIONS OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT

● HIRING AND RECRUITING

One of the primary functions of the human resources department is to oversee hiring and
recruiting within an organisation. The department actively recruits, screens, interviews and
hires qualified candidates for open positions The department administers skills assessment
and personality tests to match candidates with the right job within the company.

● TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

The human resource department handles the training and development of staff within an
organisation. It creates training programs and conducts training for new hires and existing
employees. The human resource department also works in conjunction with department
managers and supervisors to determine the training needs of employees. They are also
responsible for contracts with training providers and monitoring training budgets.

● HANDLING COMPENSATION

The human resource department is responsible for various aspects of employee

compensation. The department typically handles employee payroll and ensures employees
are paid accurately and on time, with the correct deductions made. The Human resource
department also manages compensation programs that include pensions and other fringe
benefits offered by the employer.

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3.5 MARKETING DEPARTMENT
3.5.1 Introduction

The marketing department plays a vital role in promoting the business and mission of an
organisation. It serves as the face of the company, coordinating and producing all materials
representing the business. It is the marketing department's job to reach out to prospects,
customers, investors and the community, while creating an overarching image that represents
the company in a positive light. The duties of the marketing department include producing
marketing and promotional materials, monitoring and managing social media, serving as
media liaison, conducting customer and market research

3.5.2 FUNCTIONS OF MARKETING DEPARTMENT

● Defining and managing the brand.

● Conducting campaign management for marketing initiatives,
● Overseeing outside vendors and agencies.
● Serving as media liaison
● Producing internal communications
● Monitoring and maintaining social media.
● Conducting customer and marketing research.
● Track trends and monitor competition.
● Producing marketing and promotional materials.
● Creating content providing search engine optimization → Listening to customer needs
● Works on brand values
● Searching for new marketing tools.
● Coordinate efforts with those of the marketing partners of the company.
● Works on innovation.
● Helps in improving sale processes and customer
● Manage marketing budgets and calculate the return on investment of thecompany''s
actions.

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3.6 QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT
3.6.1 Introduction

Quality control department functions for assuring the quality of cements manufactured at
every stage in the production process. This department includes the functions such as testing
of raw materials, work in progress and finished goods, daily production process schedule
preparation, receiving the amount of cement needed from the marketing department and
inspecting the raw material stock by visiting the raw material yard daily.

3.6.2 FUNCTIONS OF QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT

● TESTING AND MONITORING

The most basic function of quality control involves testing Quality control specialists test the
manufacturing process at the beginning, middle and end to ensure that the production quality
remains the same throughout. If the specialist discovers an issue at any point in the process,
she works with the production team to remedy the issue. Quality control specialists perform
quality control tests for services provided as well, evaluating the quality of a specific service
at specified intervals throughout the time of service. Testing provides quality results as of the
date of testing .

● AUDITING
Quality control specialists also spend time auditing the quality of a process which the
specialist doesn't work with. The quality control specialist may be auditing the work of the
regular quality control work performed or auditing the quality of a process without any
current quality control work. When performing the audit, the specialist also reviews the
results reported by the regular quality control workers.

● REPORTING
Periodically, the quality control specialist reports the quality results to management. A high
number of quality problems mean something is wrong with the process and there may be
many unhappy customers for the company. Management reviews the number of quality
problems and where they occur in the process and take action on the issue.

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3 .7 SWOT ANALYSIS
3.7.1 Introduction

SWOT Analysis is a strategic methodology to analyse the - Strengths & Weaknesses that The
Ramco Cements possess, and Opportunities & Threats that the firm faces because of
competitive and macro-economic factors prevalent in India.
SWOT analysis provides key insights into both internal and external factors that can impact
the performance of an organisation. It can help the managers of the organisation to optimise
performance, look for new opportunities, manage competition, maximise return on resources
employed, and minimise various business and policy making risks.

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3.7.2 Strengths of The Ramco Cements

Strengths are the firm's capabilities and resources that it can use to design, develop, and
sustain competitive advantage in the marketplace

● Diverse Revenue models - Over the years The Ramco Cements has ventured into
various businesses outside the Capital Goods sector. This has enabled the company to
develop a diversified revenue stream beyond the Capital Goods sector and
Construction - Raw Materials segment.

● Market Leadership Position - The Ramco Cements has a strong market leadership
position in the Construction - Raw Materials industry. It has helped the company to
rapidly scale new product successes.

● Track record of innovation - Even though most players in the Capital Goods strive to
innovate, The Ramco Cements has a successful record at consumer driven innovation.

● Strong brand recognition - The Ramco Cements products have strong brand
recognition in the Construction - Raw Materials industry. This has enabled the
company to charge a premium compared to its competitors in the Construction - Raw
Materials industry.

● Wide geographic presence - The Ramco Cements has extensive dealer network and
associates network that not only help in delivering efficient services to the customers
but also help in managing competitive challenges in Construction - Raw Materials
industry.

● Success of new product mix - The Ramco Cements provides exhaustive product mix
options to its customers. It helps the company in catering to various customer
segments in the Construction - Raw Materials industry.

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3.7.3 Weaknesses of The Ramco Cements

Weaknesses of The Ramco Cements can either be absence of strengths or resources of

capabilities that are required but at present the organisation doesn't have. Managers have to
be certain if the weakness is present because of lack of strategic planning or as a result of
strategic choice.

● The Business Model of The Ramco Cements can be easily imitated by the
competitors in the Construction - Raw Materials industry. To overcome these
challenges companyname needs to build a platform model that can integrate
suppliers, vendors and end users.

● High cost of replacing existing experts within The Ramco Cements. Few employees
are responsible for The Ramco Cements's knowledge base and replacing them will be
extremely difficult in the present conditions.

● High turnover of employees at the lower levels is also a concern for The Ramco
Cements . It can lead to higher salaries to maintain the talent within the firm.

● Loyalty among suppliers is low - Given the history of The Ramco Cements coming
up with new innovations to drive down prices in the supply chain.

● Gross Margins and Operating Margins which could be improved and going forward
may put pressure on The Ramco Cements financial statement.Niche markets and local
monopolies that companies such as The Ramco Cements are able to exploit are fast
disappearing. The customer network that The Ramco Cements has promoted is
proving less and less effective.

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3.7.4 Opportunities for The Ramco Cements

Opportunities are potential areas where the firm can identify potential for - growth, profits,
and market share.
● Increasing customer base in lower segments - As customers have to migrate from
un-organized operators in the Capital Goods industry to licensed players. It will
provide The Ramco Cements an opportunity to penetrate the entry level market with a
no-frill offering.

● Opportunities in Online Space - Increasing adoption of online services by customers

will also enable The Ramco Cements to provide new offerings to the customers in the
Construction - Raw Materials industry.

● Customer preferences are fast changing - Driven by rising disposable incomes, easy
access to information, and fast adoption of technological products, customers today
are more willing to experiment / try new products in the market. The Ramco Cements
has to carefully monitor not only wider trends within the Construction - Raw
Materials industry but also in the wider Capital Goods sector.

● Accelerated technological innovations and advances are improving industrial

productivity, allowing suppliers to manufacture a vast array of products and services.
This can help The Ramco Cements to significantly venture into adjacent products.

● Rapid Expansion of Economy As the US economy is improving faster than any other
developed economy, it will provide The Ramco Cements an opportunity to expand
into the US market. The Ramco Cements already have know-how to operate into the
competitive US market.

● Lower inflation rate - The low inflation rate bring more stability in the market, enable
credit at lower interest rate to the customers of The Ramco Cements. This will
increase the consumption of The Ramco Cements products.

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3.7.5 Threats to The Ramco Cements

Threats are factors that can be potential dangers to the firm's business models because of
changes in macro economic factors and changing consumer perceptions. Threats can be
managed but not controlled.

● Growing technological expertise of local players in the export market - One of the
biggest threats of tie-ups with the local players in the export market for The Ramco
Cements is the threat of losing IPR. The intellectual property rights framework is not
very strong in emerging markets especially in China.

● Saturation in urban markets and stagnation in the rural markets - For The Ramco
Cements this trend is an ongoing challenge in the Construction - Raw Materials
segment. One of the reasons is that the adoption of products is slow in the rural
market. Secondly it is more costly for The Ramco Cements to serve the rural
customers than urban customers given the vast distances and lack of infrastructure.

● Changing political environment with the US and China trade war, Brexit impacting
the European Union, and overall instability in the middle east can impact The Ramco
Cements business both in the local market and in the international market.

● Competitors catching up with the product development - Even though at present The
Ramco Cements is still the leader in product innovation in the Construction - Raw
Materials segment. It is facing stiff challenges from international and local
competitors.

● Shortage of skilled human resources - Given the high turnover of employees and
increasing dependence on innovative solutions, company names can face skilled
human resources challenges in the near future.

● Changing demographics - As the baby boomers are retiring and the new generation
finding it hard to replace their purchasing power. This can lead to higher profits in the
short run for The Ramco Cements but reducing margins over the long run as young
people are less brand loyal and more open to experimentat

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CHAPTE-4

4.1 FINDINGS:

● The way of staffing function they perform is very different compared to other
companies. They perform their staffing/ hiring the candidate online by getting help
from colan infotech. colan Infotech staffing service in Chennai

● The department I worked in is human resource. I worked with the senior HR manager
and marketing department. They sell cement products to consumers differently.I had
gained more knowledge on pf, payroll system and vehicle distribution system

● Colony allocation to worker is good scheme to employee. I had joined and involved
in employment training program and got more idiea about management, employee
performance & involvement

● Igood at the export sector, and good at Infrastructure and modernization.

● The Salary will be provided to the worker the end of month by hand & also in bank
and the company follow of.

● Both educated and un educated people is working as workers

● Motivation, training programs are conducted

● Provide breakfast and dinner to the workers

● Hostel also offering for the workers by the company.

● Learnt rnt how the company operations and nature and objective of the company and
what are all the group goals

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● Got knowledge on selection and recruitment process

● How they allocated the resources, carry out the expense, incomes, pay tax

● Welfare scheme to employees, employees child education

● Training and orientation program

● How they make their employees happy through refreshment, enjoyment

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CHAPTER-5

5.1 LEARNING OUTCOMES :

The things which I learnt in different departments are :

5.1.1 Human Resource

● Compensation and benefits to employees

● Planning activities,events, industrial tours for outside students, visitors

● Creation of employees attendance sheet in Excel , spreadsheets

● Developing effective written and oral communication skill

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5.1.2 Finance and accounting department

● Able to analyse financial statements ( balance sheet, profit and loss)

● Had good knowledge about accounting practices

● Gott an idea in tax accounting,cost accounting, auditing

● To take decision in finance, investment, dividend etc..

5.1.3 Marketing Department

● How to create and manage brand image

● How to analyse and monitor the competition in the market and viewed the competitor
of my company are Sankar company , Indian cement.

● Promotional strategy

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5.1.4 Sales department

● Got an idea to prepare sales plan and making sales

● The company uses sales promotion

● Got an idea how they wrap the products and packing the product ( cement) using
seondary and tertiary packing.

5.1.5 Others

● How to receive customer feedback and enter the datas like employees turnover,
salary,wages, number of employees ( contract labour, apprentice, director's, general
manager, company secretary)

● Manage marketing budget like creating/ design software

● Identify marketing activities and apply principles of ethics and social responsibility

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5.2 CONCLUSION

The study conducted at Ramco Cements Limited which is the pioneer and market leader in
the cement product in South India, helped in getting a wider outlook about the business
environment and managing an organisation.

It was a general study regarding all functions and aspects of industry. The company has seven
functional departments through which it was operating. It is found that the company has a
good working environment and a cordial relationship is maintained between all departments
for the smooth functioning and achievement of the organisation goal of maintaining the
company's brand image among the customers.In order to later meet the complete needs the
company is planning to increase the production level to maximum extent possible. The
company is planning to increase the present product level. This has helped them to gain
valuable insight that prompt the group to search alternative ways for manufacturing better
products in a cost effective manner.

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REFERENCE:
https://www.ramcocements.in/
https://en.wikipedia.org/
https://embapro.com/
https://www.forbes.com/
https://www.merriam-webster.com

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