Appendix

Table of Content
Number Title Page

APPENDIX A A-1
Appendix A.1 Stoichiometry and Reaction Kinetics A-2
Appendix A.2 Thermodynamic data A-6
Appendix A.3 Input output streams and properties A-8
APPENDIX B B-1
Appendix B Binary system comparison B-2
APPENDIX C C-1
Appendix C.1 Selection of operating temperature C-2
Appendix C.2 Criteria and Selections for CO2 Removal C-4
Appendix C.3 Heat Integration C-10
Appendix C.4 Options and selections of Heat exchanger C-18
Appendix C.5 Propane and propylene separation C-23
Appendix C.6 Comparison of the Tray and Packed column properties C-29
Appendix C.7 Recommendations for treatment of light gas C-30
APPENDIX D D-1
Appendix D. Process Stream Summary D-2
APPENDIX E E-1
Appendix E.1 Aspen Plus simulation results E-2
Appendix E.2 Simulation results of distillation columns T301 T302 and
T303 E-7
Appendix E.3 Reactor Design E-34
Appendix E.4 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Design E-45
Appendix E.5 T302 Column sizing report E-59
Appendix E.6 Calculation of CO2 removal equipment E-60
Appendix E.7 Gas-liquid separators calculation E-69
Appendix E.8 Equipment Summary & Specification Sheets E-71
APPENDIX F F-1
Appendix F Process safety F-2
APPENDIX G G-1
Appendix G Economics G-2
APPENDIX H H-1
Appendix H.1 PFS for process with heat integration H-2
Appendix H.2 Summary of utilities for the process with Heat integration H-5
Appendix H.3 Heat and Mass balance for the process with Heat
integration H-9
Appendix H.4 Economy H-20

i
APPENDIX A

A-1
Appendix A.1 Stoichiometry and Reaction Kinetics
a) Propane oxidative dehydrogenation, exothermic

Mechanism of the oxidative conversion of propane to propylene and ethylene process

is free radical. The reactions are expected to occur in the homogenous pyrolysis and
thermal cracking of propane and thermal cracking of propane along with the
heterogeneous catalytic oxidative propane in the presence of limited oxygen.
Temperature increases, the conversion of propane increases. The two kinds of
occurred reactions are shown separately as eq .A.2.1 to eq.A.2.10.
Heterogeneous reactions

1
C3 H 8( g ) + O2( g ) → C3 H 6( g ) + H 2O( g ) (A.1.1)
2
C3 H 8 → CO, CO2 , CH 4 and H 2O

Mechanism:

C 3 H 8 + [O ] → C 3 H 7 * + [OH ] (A.1.2)
The radical mechanism of reaction can be indicated as below
Initiation:
O 2 → O 2∗ + O 2∗
CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 → CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 ∗ + H ∗
CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 → C H 3 CH 2 ∗ + CH 3 ∗

Propagation:
∗
O 2∗ + CH 3CH 2CH 3 → OH * + CH 3CH 2CH 2
∗
OH * + CH 3CH 2CH 3 → H 2O + CH 3CH 2CH 2
∗
CH 3CH 2CH 2 → H 3CHC = CH 2 + H ∗
∗ ∗
CH 3CH 2CH 2 + CH 3CH 2CH 3 → H 3CHC = CH 2 + CH 3CH 2CH 2 + H 2
∗
CH 3CH 2 → H 2C = CH 2 + H ∗
∗ ∗
CH 3CH 2 + CH 3CH 2CH 3 → H 2C = CH 2 + CH 3CH 2CH 2 + H 2
∗
CH 3 + CH 3CH 2CH 3 → CH 4 + H 2C = CH 2
∗
H ∗ + CH 3CH 2CH 3 → CH 3CH 2CH 2 + H 2
etc.

A-2
Termination:
H ∗ + OH * → H 2O
OH * + CH 3CH 2CH 2∗ → H 2O + H 3CHC = CH 2
OH * + CH 3CH 2∗ → H 2O + H 2C = CH 2
H ∗ + H ∗ → H2
H ∗ + CH 3CH 2CH 2∗ → H 2 + H 3CHC = CH 2
H ∗ + CH 3CH 2∗ → H 2 + H 2C = CH 2
H ∗ + CH 3∗ → CH 4
CH 3CH 2∗ + CH 3∗ → CH 4 + H 2C = CH 2
CH 3CH 2∗ + → H 2C = CH 2 + CH 3CH 2CH 3
CH 3∗ + CH 3CH 2CH 2∗ → CH 4 + H 3CHC = CH 2
etc.
2 [OH ] + 0.5O2 → H 2O + [O ] (A.1.3)

The catalytic reaction is initiated on the catalyst surface by formation of propyl

radicals. Homogenous reactions

C3 H 8( g ) → C2 H 4( g ) + CH 4( g ) ;∆H = +18.7kcal / mol (A.1.4)

C3 H 8( g ) → C3 H 6( g ) + H 2( g ) ;∆H = +30.9kcal / mol (A.1.5)

and oxidation of propane will be linear to the amount of oxygen in reactant.

1
C3 H 8( g ) + O2( g ) → C3 H 6( g ) + H 2O( g ) ; ∆H = −28.3kcal / mol (A.1.6)
2

C3 H 8( g ) + 3.5O2( g ) → 3CO( g ) + 4 H 2O( g ) ; ∆H = −286.4kcal / mol (A.1.7)

C3 H 8( g ) + 5O2( g ) → 3CO2( g ) + 4 H 2O( g ) ;∆H = −489kcal / mol (A.2.8)

1 1
C3 H 8( g ) + O2( g ) → C2 H 4( g ) + H 2O( g ) ; ∆H = −33.5kcal / mol (A.2.9)
2 2
1
CO( g ) + 2 H 2( g ) → C2 H 4( g ) + H 2O( g ) ; ∆H = −25.1kcal / mol (A.2.10)
2

A-3
 60

50
C3H8 Selectivity (mol%)

40
C2H4
30 C3H6
CH4
20
COx
10

0
650 700 750 800 850 900

T (oC)

Figure A.1.1. Effects of temperature on the COx, CH4, C2H4, and C3H6 selectivity in oxidative
conversion of propane (VH Rane et al, 2003)

From Figure A.1.1, the favorable temperature for reaction is at 850oC See also
Appendix C.1. At this condition, the selectivity of the outlet stream for this
experiment is shown as 50%C2H4, 25%C3H8, 15%CH4, and 10% COX respectively.
Then, we can back calculate to obtain the stoichiometry of oxidative dehydrogenation
as eq.A.2.11. This reaction will take place in the tube side of this design project.
C3 H 8( g ) + 0.4759O2 ( g ) → 0.6946C2 H 4 ( g ) + 0.3053CH 4 ( g ) + 0.3607C3 H 6 ( g ) + 0.2236 H 2 ( g )
+ 0.6945H 2O( g ) + 0.1894CO( g ) + 0.0339CO2 ( g ) (A.2.11)
; ∆H = −20 kcal / mol
The experimental data for reaction rate is supported by kinetic modeling using
Langmuir Huinshelwood (LHHW).

k LH K O2 K C3 H8 PO2 PC3 H8
r= (A.2.12)
(1 + K O2 PO2 )(1 + K C3 H8 PC3 H8 )

b) Propane dehydrogenation, Endothermic

Stochiometry

C3 H 8( g ) → C2 H 4( g ) + CH 4( g ) ;∆H = +18.7 kcal / mol (A.2.13)

C3 H 8( g ) → C3 H 6( g ) + H 2( g ) ;∆H = +30.9kcal / mol (A.2.14)

For the shell side, the reaction takes place only propane dehydrogenation, that we can
combine the reactions in eq. A.2.13 and eq.A.2.14. and result in eq. A.2.15.

A-4
C3 H 8( g ) → 0.002C2 H 4( g ) + 0.002CH 4( g ) + 0.998C3 H 6( g ) + 0.998H 2( g ) (A.2.15)

∆H = +30.88 kcal / mol

The experimental data for reaction rate is supported by kinetic modeling using
Langmuir Huinshelwood (LHHW).

Dehydrogenation reaction: C3 H 8( g ) ⇔ C3 H 6( g ) + H 2( g )

⎛ PC H PH ⎞
k1 ⎜ PC3 H8 − 3 6 2 ⎟
(− r1 ) = ⎝
K1 ⎠
(A.2.16)
1 + PC3 H 6 K 2

⎛ − Ea1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎞
k1 = k01 exp ⎜ ⎜ − ⎟⎟ (A.2.17)
⎝ R ⎝ T Tm ⎠ ⎠

⎛ −∆H ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎞
K 2 = K 02 exp ⎜ ⎜ − ⎟⎟ (A.2.18)
⎝ R ⎝ T Tm ⎠ ⎠

Cracking reaction: C3 H 8( g ) ⇔ CH 4( g ) + C2 H 4( g )

(− r2 ) = k4 PC3 H8 (A.2.19)

⎛ − Ea4 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎞
k4 = k04 exp ⎜ ⎜ − ⎟⎟ (A.2.20)
⎝ R ⎝ T Tm ⎠ ⎠

A-5
Appendix A.2 Thermodynamic data
Table A.2a. List of thermodynamics heat data-- Gibbs Energy

Component name Gibbs energy of formation of GAS

G f = A + BT + CT 2
Design
Formula CAS-Nr. (kJ/mol)
Systematic
A B C dGf@298K
Propane C3H8 74-98-6 -105.603 0.26475 3.3E-05 -23.47
Propylene C3H6 115-07-1 19.412 0.13685 2.6E-05 62.72
Ethylene C2H4 74-85-1 51.752 0.049338 1.7E-05 68.12
Methane CH4 74-82-8 -75.262 0.075925 1.9E-05 -50.84
Hydrogen H2 1333-74-0 n/a n/a n/a 0
Oxygen O2 7784-44-7 n/a n/a n/a 0
Water H2O 7732-18-5 n/a n/a n/a -228.6
Carbon
CO2 124-38-9 -393.36 -0.003821 1.3E-06 -394.38
dioxide
Carbon
CO 630-08-0 -109.885 -0.092218 1.5E-06 -137.28
monoxide
Gibbs energy of formation of SOLID
∆G of solid
(kJ/mol)
Gf@298K Af@298K Sf@298K
Methyl CH3N(CH2
Diethanolamine CH2OH)2
105-59-9 n/a n/a n/a

A-6
Table A.2b. List of thermodynamics heat data—Saturated liquid density

Component Saturated liquid density

Density = A ⋅ B − (1−T / Tc )
n

Design
Formula CAS-Nr. [g/ml]
Systematic
A B n Tc
Propane C3H8 74-98-6 0.22151 0.27744 0.28700 369.82
Propylene C3H6 115-07-1 0.23314 0.27517 0.30246 364.76
Ethylene C2H4 74-85-1 0.21428 0.28061 0.28571 282.36
Methane CH4 74-82-8 0.15998 0.28810 0.27700 190.58
Hydrogen H2 1333-74-0 0.03125 0.3473 0.27560 33.18
Oxygen O2 7784-44-7 0.43533 0.28772 0.29240 154.58
Water H2O 7732-18-5 0.34710 0.27400 0.28571 647.13
Carbon dioxide CO2 124-38-9 0.46382 0.26160 0.29030 304.19
Carbon monoxide CO 630-08-0 0.29818 0.27655 0.29053 132.92
Methyl CH3N(CH2
CH2OH)2 105-59-9 n/a n/a n/a n/a
Diethanolamine
A,B,n=regression coefficient for chemical components
T=Temperature, K
Tc=critical temperature, K

A-7
Appendix A.3 Input output streams and properties

Feedstocks
a. Propane

Table 3.3.3.1a. Propane properties

Steam Name: Propane
Specification Additional Information (also ref.
Comp. Units Notes note numbers)
Available Design
Propane %wt >90 90.0 (1) (1) Http://dixiemail.dixiepipeline.com
(2) http://ceh.sric.sri.com
Propylene %wt <5 5.0 (1)
Heavy Ends %wt <5 5.0 (1)
Sulfur Ppm wt <123 - (1)
Hydrogen sulfide Ppm wt <2.0 - (1)
Carbonyl sulfide Ppm wt <20 - (1)
Total 100.0
Process Conditions and Price
Temp. K 313
Press. Bara 15
Phase V/L/S L
Price US$/ton 160.25 (2)

b. Oxygen

Table3.3.3.1b. Oxygen properties

Steam Name: Oxygen
Specification Additional Information (also ref.
Comp. Units Notes note numbers)
Available Design
Oxygen %wt >95 95.0 (3) (3) http://www.indiamart.com/gastek/
(4) http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/
Nitrogen %wt <5 5.0 (3) kscpao/nasafact/pdf/SSP.pdf
(5) Assume other components except
Total 100.0 propane do not harmful and influent
Process Conditions and Price for the process.
Temp. K 313
Press. Bara 15
Phase V/L/S L
Price US$/ton 143.4 (4)

Products
a. Ethylene

Table 3.3.3.2a. Ethylene properties

Steam Name: Ethylene
Specification Additional Information (also ref.
Comp. Units Notes note numbers)
Available Design
Ethylene %wt >95 100.0 (7) http://ceh.sric.sri.com

A-8
Heavy Ends %wt <5 0.0
Total 100.0
Process Conditions and Price
Temp. K 303
Press. Bara 15
Phase V/L/S L
Price US$/ton 450 (7)

b. Propylene

Table 3.3.3.2b.Propylene properties

Steam Name: Propane
Specification Additional Information (also ref.
Comp. Units Notes note numbers)
Available Design
Propane %wt >95 100.0 (9) http://ceh.sric.sri.com

Heavy Ends %wt <5 0.0

Total 100.0
Process Conditions and Price
Temp. K 303
Press. Bara 15
Phase V/L/S L
Price US$/ton 326 (9)

c. Light ends gas: Methane/Carbon monoxide/Hydrogen

Table 3.3.3.2c. CH4/CO/H2 properties

Steam Name: Propane
Specification Additional Information (also ref.
Comp. Units Notes note numbers)
Available Design
Methane %wt 43.0 (11) (11) Values from mass balance
(12) As principle suggested, 25% of
Carbon monoxide %wt 45.9 (11) propane’s price.
Hydrogen %wt 11.1 (11)
Nitrogen %wt
Total 100.0

Process Conditions and Price

Temp. K 313
Press. Bara 15
Phase V/L/S L
Price US$/ton 64 (12)

d. Carbon dioxide

Table 3.3.3.2d. CO2 properties

Steam Name: Propane
Comp. Units Specification Notes Additional Information (also ref.

A-9
 Available Design note numbers)
Carbon dioxide %wt >95 100.0
Heavy Ends %wt <5 0.0
Total 100.0
Process Conditions and Price
Temp. K 298
Press. Bara 4.5
Phase V/L/S L
Price US$/ton 6.5

A-10
APPENDIX B

B-1
Appendix B Binary system comparison
Keep the temperature constant, to find different pressure according to difference liquid
mole fraction. Compare the result from experimental data1 and simulation by Aspen. The
results are listed as bellow.
Table B.1 The comparison between experiment data and results from ASPEN
Experimental data ASPEN
Number T
x1 P x1 p
1 0.2053 3.447 0.2 3.356
260.93
2 0.5557 3.731 0.55 3.634
3 0.472 4.826 0.475 4.725
269.54
4 0.857 5.185 0.85 5.106
5 0.6554 6.322 0.65 6.253
277.59
6 0.8454 6.536 0.85 6.505
7 0.799 12.169 0.8 12.171
301.32
8 0.9 12.348 0.9 12.395
9 0.1794 13.604 0.175 13.622
310.93
10 0.7904 15.241 0.8 15.309
11 0.756 23.194 0.75 23.152
330.32
12 0.874 23.594 0.875 23.654
13 0.1769 27.49 0.175 27.614
344.26
14 0.7901 30.569 0.8 30.736

Binary system comparison

35
30
Pressure [bar]

25
20
15
10
5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

liquid fraction literature P of literature [bar] liquid fraction ASPEN P of ASPEN [bar]

Figure B.1 The results from ASPEN compared with experimental data

1
Reference: H.Knapp, Vapor-liquid Equilibria for mixtures of low boiling substances, Chemistry data
series.

B-2
Figure B.1 shows that at the same liquid mole fraction, the vapor pressure of the binary
system from Aspen is almost the same with experimental data at the same temperature.
These verify the correct of Aspen simulation prediction.

B-3
APPENDIX C

E-1
Appendix C.1 Selection of operating temperature
In the design stage, operating temperature of reaction is imperative to be determined,
because it influences to the product selectivity, and then the margins of the process. In
view of exergy loss reduction, operating temperature also impact the loss work or loss
energy from the temperature difference, thereby the operating temperature should be
estimated to optimum both economic point of view and exergy loss reduction.

In this project, the reactions of both, endothermic and exothermic, take place in shell
and tube reactor respectively. The temperature of tube side should be higher than that
of the shell side. From the shell side, the reaction takes place at the temperature 540oC
in order to achieve the high selectivity and high conversion. So, we will base on this
data for the shell side and figure the suitable operating temperature in tube side
following data.

From the data in Appendix A.1, Figure A.1.1, show the relationship between product
selectivity and temperature. When temperature is changed, the production selectivity
will also change. Consequently, the results of reactants and products in chemical
reaction estimated will change also. Therefore, to estimate the best operating
temperature, the calculations of 3 temperature levels, which are 750oC, 800oC, and
850oC indicated as the equation below.

C3 H 8( g ) + 1.255O2( g ) → 0.195C2 H 4( g ) + 0.077CH 4( g ) + 0.566C3 H 6( g ) + 0.204 H 2 +

+ 1.556 H 2O( g ) + 0.719CO( g ) + 0.118CO2( g )
; at T = 750 o C , ∆H = −100 kcal / mol (C.1)

C3 H 8( g ) + 1.067O2( g ) → 0.491C2 H 4( g ) + 0.074CH 4( g ) + 0.457C3 H 6( g ) + 0.012 H 2 +

+ 1.490 H 2O( g ) + 0.507CO( g ) + 0.068CO2( g )
; at T = 800 o C , ∆H = −80 kcal / mol (C.2)

C3 H 8( g ) + 0.476O2( g ) → 0.695C2 H 4( g ) + 0.305CH 4( g ) + 0.361C3 H 6( g ) + 0.224 H 2 +

+ 0.695 H 2O( g ) + 0.189CO( g ) + 0.034CO2( g )
; at T = 850 o C , ∆H = −20 kcal / mol (C.3)

In fact, the process can operate with the recycle stream of unconverted propane, C3H8.
So, to compare the whole results of these three operating temperature. The iterative
calculation is necessary to figure it out. The results to achieve the design product and
compatible with the data from literature show in the Table C.1.1.
Table C.1.1 The results of iterative calculation for different operating temperature in tube side

E-2
Operating Input Output
Temperature (kton/a) (kton/a)
(oC) C3H8 O2 C2H4 C3H6 CH4 H2 H2O CO CO2
750 240.87 63.78 81.51 118.5 20.48 3.35 52.36 22.1 6.22
800 236.98 102.27 41.26 158.74 3.61 3.76 80.34 42.31 8.97
850 222.18 40.6 5.72 194.29 1.36 7.46 28.3 20.24 5.22

The price of the substances related shows in the Table C.1.2.

Table C.1.2 The price of materials in the process
Substances C3H8 O2 C2H4 C3H6 CH4 H2 H2O CO CO2
Price (US$/ton) 160.25 143.4 450 325 2.94 - - - -

Margins of the process expresses as

Margin=Total Value (Products, Wastes OUT ) - Total Value (Feedstock's, Process Chemicals, IN )

And work loss that related to exergy loss mentioned in Chapter 8, eq.8.3.1.15 can be
figured out. Consequently, the margins and work loss of different operating
temperature for tube side can be estimated as the Table C.1.3
Table C.1.3. The margins and Wlost of difference operating temperature.

Temp. Margin(US$/a) Wlost (kcal)

850 31491 10.610
800 21007 47.316
750 26298 37.964

The re lation of margins and Wlost with diffe re nt ope rating te mperature

Margin (US$/a)
Wlost (kcal)
35000 50

45
30000
40

25000 35
Margins
30
20000
Wlost
25

15000
20

10000 15

10
5000
5

0 0
740 760 780 800 820 840 860

Operating Tem p (C)

Figure C.1 The margins and Wlost of difference operating temperature.

E-3
Appendix C.2 Criteria and Selections for CO2 Removal
Carbon dioxide is green house gas, and will cause global warming. It is not allowed
that High concentration of carbon dioxide present in product. So CO2 produced in
process should be removed.

Solvent chosen

In practice, physical and chemical absorption are both used to remove CO2.
According to higher separation efficiency of chemical absorption, it is applied in
design. CO2 is acid gas and should use amine to absorb it. Normally, methyl
ethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA) and methyl diethanolamine (MDEA)
are chosen. Compare these three amines, MDEA has higher energy efficiency, greater
acid gas removal capacity, higher resistance to degradation, smaller equipment size
for the new plants and above all much less corrosivity as compared to primary and
secondary amines. As a result of following advantages, MDEA is the best choice to
remove CO2 in this process.

The advantage of MDEA in acid gas treating

• MDEA, a tertiary amine, is less basic and can be used in significantly higher
concentrations. For identical flows, MDEA has a greater capacity to react with
acid gas. The comparison is shown in Table C.2.1.
• MDEA has increased capacity for existing units, decreased capital cost for
new units, lower energy costs and higher selectivity than primary or secondary
amines. Table C.2.2 summarized actual MDEA operation data.
• In primary treating MDEA rich loading have averaged 0.5 moles of acid gas
per mole of MDEA. Reboiler Steam requirements have ranged from 0.67 to
0.85 lbs per gpm of solvent in circulation.
• CO2 selectivity of 50% under 200 psig and higher at lower pressures have also
been achieved.
• Solvent concentration between 35 to 50 percent has, been proved successful.
Typical concentration between 35 to 50% and pickup rates as high as 0.45 or
0.50 moles acid gas per mole of MDEA significantly increase capacity of
existing units and allow equipment to be considerably smaller for new units.
Higher concentration and higher pickup rates correspond to lower solvent
circulation rates for equivalent capacities, too.
• MDEA also delivers energy savings from reduced reboiler duties (reflux ratio
of 0.5 to 1.0).
• Among MEA, DEA, and MDEA, MEA has worst reputation for corrosion
related problems. It is well documented in literature, that MEA and DEA form
degradation products when reacted with CO2 whereas MDEA does not.
Operating MEA, DEA and MDEA plants have demonstrated that corrosion
can be minimized under proper operating conditions. However based on plant

E-4
 experience and laboratory data, relative corrosivity of amines are ranked as
follows: MEA >> DEA >> MDEA. Table C.2.4 generates corrosion data for
various amine-based solutions.
• MDEA is tertiary amine and therefore carbamate formation with CO2 does not
take place in MDEA based system. MEA and DEA form carbamates with
CO2. Therefore operation with MDEA is far more stable with no spurious
shutdowns over longer periods.

Table C.2.1. Comparison of amines (MEA, DEA and MDEA)

SOLVENT MEA DEA MDEA

CONCENTRATION % 15 30 35-50

SOLVENT CIRCULATION GPM 100 100 100

ACID GAS REMOVAL CAPACITY MOL/HR 49.8 58.6 87.5

CAPACITY INCREASE % (MEA BASE =100) 100 118 175

Table C.2.2. Performance of MDEA

SOLVENT CONCENTRATION % 35-50

SOLVENT CIRCULATION, GPM 10-1600

RICH MDEA LOADING MOL/MOL 0.50

LEAN MDEA LOADING MOL/MOL 0.01

REBOILER STEAM, #/GPM 0.67-0.85

LEAN MDEA TEMPERATURE OF 130-160

CO2 SLIP, % CO2 REJECTED 50

Table C.2.3. Selectivity and capacity of amines

CAPACITY
AMINE SELECTIVITY*
Mol H2S/Mol amine Mol CO2/Mol Amine

MDEA 3.85 0.10 0.12

DEA 2.27 0.09 0.32

MEA 0.89 0.07 0.50

*Selectivity is defined as ratio of (mole percent of H2S removed to mole percent of H2S in feed gas)
to (mole percent of CO2 removed to mole percent of CO2 in feed gas)

Table C.2.4. Corrosion comparison

Solvent Corrosion Rate MPY

30% Wt MEA 32

E-5
50% Wt DEA 25

15% Wt MEA 13

20% Wt DEA 8

50% Wt MDEA 3

E-6
Packed column chosen

Due to one liquid input (MDEA solution) and one vapor input (raw product stream) a
vertical absorption column is preferred which can get high exchange efficiency and
need less volume. Followed the criteria below, packed column absorber is chosen and
material of equipment is carbon steel.

From Coulson and Richardson, Volume 6, it mentioned main advantages and

disadvantages of plate and packed column which are listed below:
1) Plate columns can be designed to handle a wider range of liquid and gas flow-
rates than packed columns.
2) Packed columns are not suitable for very low liquid rates.
3) The efficiency of a plate can be predicted with more certainty than the
equivalent term for packing (HETP or HTU).
4) Plate columns can be designed with more assurance than packed columns.
There is always some doubt that good liquid distribution can be maintained
throughout a packed column under all operating conditions, particularly in
large columns.
5) It is easier to make provision for cooling in a plate column; coils can be
installed on the plates.
6) It is easier to make provision for the withdrawal of side-streams from plate
columns.
7) If the liquid causes fouling, or contains solids, it is easier to make provision
for cleaning in a plate column; manways can be installed on the installed on
the plates. With small diameter columns it maybe cheaper to use packing and
replace the packing when it becomes fouled.
8) For corrosive liquids a packed column will usually be cheaper than the
equivalent plate column.
9) The liquid hold-up is appreciably lower in a packed column than a plate
column. This can be important when the inventory of toxic or flammable
liquids needs to be kept as small as possible for safety reasons.
10) Packed columns are more suitable for handling foaming systems.
11) The pressure drop pre equilibrium stage (HETP) can be lower for packing than
plates; and packing should be considered for vacuum columns.
12) Packing should always be considered for small diameter columns, say less
than 0.6m, where plates would be difficult to install, and expensive.

Here, MDEA is corrosive for equipment and much pressure drop is not good for the
separations followed. As a result, packed column is chosen. Figure C.2.1 shows the
scheme of packed absorption column. Actually structured packing has low HETP
(typically less than 0.5) and low-pressure drop (around 100Pa/m); however, the cost
of structured packing per cubic meter is significantly higher than that of random

E-7
packing. So, random packed column is preferred. Assume a 99 per cent recovery of
the carbon dioxide is reached. In order to improve the liquid distribution
characteristics the type of packing is Pall ring, which increases the free area. Ring
packings are available in a variety of materials: ceramics, metals, plastics and carbon.
Metal and plastics (polypropylene) rings are more efficient than ceramic rings, as it is
possible to male the walls thinner. Due to MDEA a kind of amine that is corrosive to
plastics, metal (carbon steel) is used in design.

Figure C.2.1. The scheme of packed absorption column

Note: reference from Coulson, Volume 6, Figure11.36

In general, the largest size of packing that is suitable for the size of column should be
used, up to 50mm. The reason is that small sizes are appreciably more expensive than
the larger sized. However, above 50mm the lower cost pre cubic meter does not
normally compensate for the lower mass transfer efficiency. If packing size is too
large in a small column it can cause poor liquid distribution. Recommended size
ranges are: [Couson, volume 6]

Table C.2.5. Recommended size ranges related to packing column diameter

Column diameter Use packing size
<0.3 m <25 mm
0.3 to 0.9 m 25 to 38 mm
>0.9 m 50 to 75 mm

According to the stream flow rate into the unit 700m3/h approximate, the large range
of column diameter and related range of use packing size are chosen.
And Table C.2.6 [Distillation principles and practices] lists typical values of specific area and
porosity for several random column packings. Herewith related data is shown in Table
C.2.6.

Table C.2.6. Design data

Size Metal

E-8
 Particle Diameter dn, Specific Area a Porosity ε
mm m2/m3
Pall rings 10 515 0.92
20 360 0.93
25 215 0.94
35 145 0.94
50 105 0.95
80 78 0.96

In order to use the largest packing size suitable for the size of column and get higher
specific area, 50mm Pall rings are used. And Onda’s method is based on a large
amount of data on gas absorption and distillation; with a variety of packings, which
included Pall rings. Accordingly, it is used for the calculation of column design.

E-9
Appendix C.3 Heat Integration

Heat integration is required to develop an energy-efficient process. In this stage of the

synthesis of a flowsheet, the source and the target temperature, Ts and Tt, and power
demand of all streams are known. In every plant, it is needed to design an effective
Heat Exchanger Network (HEN) by heat integration. It is desired to calculate the
Minimum Energy Requirement (MER) before synthesizing the HEN. In MER
calculation (usually called as MER targeting), its is obligatory to compute the
minimum usage of heating and cooling utilities by exchanging heat between the hot
and the cold streams in a process (Seider et al, 2003).

The method which is used in MER targeting is the Temperature Interval (TI) method.
The temperature-interval method was applied according to Linnhoff (1987).
After MER targeting, HEN is designed with a unit-by-unit method beginning at the
closest-approach temperature difference (the pinch analysis) (Linnhoff et al, 1987).
For the minimum utility requirements aver all possible HENs, the minimum approach

temperature in heat exchangers, ∆Tmin , is 10 oC.

Step by steps of MER targeting for heat integration, which has been followed
according the Temperature Interval (TI) method (Linnhoff, 1987). And Seader (2003)
are presented shortly. First, “Hot and Cold Composite” Curve is constructed in one
graph. Then, “Hot and Composite” Curve plus ‘the pinch point’ is constructed. After
that, calculation for Tpinch by making ‘Cascade table’ is described as follows.
The first step in pinch analysis is to determine the pinch point by using Temperature
Interval (TI) method. An interval is an imaginary boundary to make our works easier.
We defined a 10oC for the minimum temperature difference, where interval is
1 1
∆Tmin (5 oC ) ∆Tmin (5 oC )
2 below the hot stream and 2 above cold stream.
The procedure of TI method is usually applied for the streams with constant the heat-
capacity flowrate (FCp). Meanwhile, in the alkenes plant; there are some phase
changes involved. Phase changes (latent heats) are counted into TI method formalism
simply by assuming 1oC temperature change at the temperature of the phase change;

i.e., if the heat corresponding to the phase change is F ∆H v , it can be wrote

FC p (1) = F ∆H v

where F and Cp are the fictitious values.

For the case of mixtures, where a plot of enthalpy versus temperature is curved, we
merely linearize the graph and select fictitious FCp values that have the same hat duty.

E-10
Thus, phase changes simply increase the number of temperature interval considered
(Douglas, 1988).
In the Alkenes plant, heat integration is applied for pre-condition and reaction section.
The four hot steams and three cold streams in precondition and reaction systems can
be found in Table C.2.1.

The heating and cooling requirement in separation section is not included in heat
integration task. The temperature of condenser in separation section is very low due to
cryogenic distillation. Therefore, special design methods to reduce energy loss and
utilities cost is applied in the separation section as described below:
1. The light gas column T301.
The Coolant used in condenser E301B is hydrogen expanded, which obtain
from the F-T process, from 20 bar to 5 bar. This is because the overhead gas
temperature is very cold, around –130 C. and expanded H2 can be used as
refrigerant. The temperature of H2 expanded is around –250 C.
2. The ethylene column; T302.
Overhead stream as <306> is condensed by E302B, and reflux stream as
stream<307> can be used for purity adjust. The condenser of this column uses
part of ethylene product as refrigerant itself, by passing through expansion
valve. This is because at the top column, the temperature is around –40 C.
Ethylene after expansion valve will be reach to –70 C that can be used to
condense the overhead gas.
3. The last distillation column, T303.
This overhead gas is condensed by E303B, which use part of propylene
product as heat pump process referring to Appendix C.5. After heat pump,
propylene will be used as the heating media for reboiler, E303A.

E-11
Table C.3.1 The stream conditions and properties for precondition amd reaction section
Cp (J/kg- Temp(in)
No Stream Hot/Cold F (kg/hr) F (kg/s) K) (oC) Temp(out)(oC)FCp (kJ/oC/s)
1 102 Hot 39022.39 10.8 2637.2 540 25 28.59
3 205 Hot 32755.24 9.1 2761.2 850 25 25.12
4 104 Hot 39022.39 10.8 2736.9 227 55 29.67
5 208 Hot 27875.32 7.7 2307.3 308 30 17.87
13 001 Cold 29644 8.2 3509.6 25 540 28.90
6 312 Cold 35392.96 9.8 2805.9 43 540 27.59
2 203 Cold 32756.43 9.1 3254.7 540 850 29.61

After making the cascade of temperature intervals, which is shown in Figure C.3.1
and Enthalpy Differences for Temperature Intervals in Table C.3.2, the pinch point is
acquired quickly.

855oC

845oC
850oC 850oC

545oC
540oC

540oC 540oC 540oC

535oC

308oC
o
303 C
227oC
222oC

50oC
55oC

48oC

o
43oC
o o o
25oC 25 C 25 C 30 C 25 C

20oC

Figure C.3.1 Temperature-Interval (TI) Method

E-12
 Table C.3.2 Enthalpy Differences for Temperature Intervals
From
hot utilities
Interval
855oC i
Ti − Ti −1 ∑ FC P,hot − ∑ FCP,cold ∆H (kJ / s ) + or - Accumulate
2602

845oC 1 10 -30 -296 Deficit -296 2305

545oC 2 300 -4 -1347 Deficit -1644 958

535oC 3 10 -31 -314 Deficit -1957 644

303oC 4 232 -3 -644 Deficit -2602 0

222oC 5 81 15 1222 Surplus -1379 1222

50oC 6 172 45 7698 Surplus 6319 8920

48oC 7 2 15 30 Surplus 6349 8950

30oC 8 18 43 768 Surplus 7117 9718

25oC 9 5 54 269 Deficit 7385 9987

20oC 10 5 0 0 Surplus 7385 9987

The Cascade table of temperature intervals including energy balance is presented in

Figure C.3.2.

E-13
 From Hot Utility Cumulative From Hot Utility Cumulative Hot
Utility
855oC 0 kW +2602 kW
∆H = 0
∆H = −296
845oC - +2305kW
∆H = −1347 ∆H = −1347

545oC -1644kW +958kW

∆H = −314 ∆H = −314

o
535 C -1957kW +654kW

∆H = −644 ∆H = −644

o
303 C -2602kW 0 kW

∆H = +1222 ∆H = +1222
o
222 C -1379kW +1222kW

∆H = +7698 ∆H = +7698
o
50 C +6319kW +8920kW

∆H = +30 ∆H = +30
48oC +6349kW +8950kW

∆H = +768 ∆H = +768
o
25 C +7117kW +9718kW

∆H = +269 ∆H = +269
+9987kW
o
20 C +7385kW

∆H = 0 ∆H = 0
+7385kW +9987kW

To cold Utility

To cold Utility

Figure C.3.2 Cascade of temperature intervals, energy balances

From the Cascade table above, we found that Tpinch is at Tinterval = 303oC. In the other
word, Tpinch = 308oC for Hot Streams (5oC above Tinterval)
Tpinch = 298oC for Cold Streams (5oC below Tinterval).

E-14
z The Utility Consumption for Heating and Cooling

As guidance, we should choose the ‘minimal’ energy as efficient as possible. For

Example, There are two hot utilities, which perform the same quantities of energy. In
this case we have to choose the utilities at lower pressure first in order to prevent
inefficient usage of energy.

Heat Exchanger Network (Matching Diagram, HEN)

These are the basic rules of ‘pinch design method’ (Linhoff et al, 1987):
-. Problem is divided at the pinch, and designing each part separately. It is not allowed
to transfer heat across the pinch.
-. The design starts at the pinch and moves away
-. In case the streams are immediately adjacent to the pinch, the following constraints
should be obeyed:
mCP HOT ≤ mCPCOLD (above pinch)
mCP HOT ≥ mCPCOLD (below pinch)

-. Exchanger loads should be maximized

-. Suppliying external heating can be one above the pinch and external cooling can be
supplied only below the pinch. To maintain minimum utilities, no energy is permitted
to flow across the pinch.

E-15
 Figure C.3.3 Pinch Design (Heat Exchanger Network)

The list of heat exchangers after heat integration can be found in Chapter 11,
economic part and in equipment specification (Appendix E.8).

z Summary of heat integraton

Heat integration ends up with the minimum usage of hot and cold utilities when
exchanging heat between the hot and cold utilities in the process. As mentioned
before, the direct result of heat integration is the design of a heat exchanger network
(HEN). From the calculation in heat integration we obtained a new flowsheet with the
HEN. The new HEN is expected to reduce the usage of hot and cold utilities, which
reduce the annualized cost for utilities. In this CPD project, after the heat integration

E-16
is applied, the usage of hot and cold utilities decreases significantly. However, the
heat integration has an impact in the investment cost. Most of liquids in the Alkenes
plant are in gaseous phase, which have very low heat transfer coefficient (h). Typical
overall heat transfer coefficient (U) for gas-gas heat exchanger is 10-50 (W/m2.oC).
Consequently, the heat exchange area becomes very large and will results the very
expensive heat exchanger investment costs.

After conducting Heat integration procedure and making the new flowsheet, the CPD
project goes to economic assessment. The economic evaluation or profitability
analysis shows that the investment for the process with heat integration has significant
increasing due to the cost of heat exchanger with large heat exchange area. Some
large heat exchangers require very expensive purchased cost and result a high
investment cost.
In this CPD report, two flowsheets are presented. One flowsheet is the process ‘with’
heat integration and the other flowsheet is the process ‘without’ heat integration. Both
flowsheets; the process ‘with’ and ‘without’ heat integration are presented together
with mass and heat balance and the economic evaluation by profitably analysis.
Finally, after the economic evaluation, the profitability analysis shows that the
alkenes process ‘without’ heat integration is more profitable and more robust than the
alkenes process ‘with’ heat integration due to the high investment in heat exchanger
equipments.

E-17
Appendix C.4 Options and selections of Heat exchanger

Selection is the process in which the designer selects a particular type of heat
exchanger for a given application from a variety of heat exchangers. There are a
number of alternatives for selecting heat transfer equipment, but only one among
them is the best for the given set of conditions.

Selection Criteria
Selection criteria are many, but primary criteria are type of fluids to be handled,
operating pressures and temperatures, heat duty, and cost. Fluids involved in heat
transfer can be characterized by temperature, pressure, phase, physical properties,
toxicity, corrosivity, and fouling tendency. Operating conditions for heat exchangers
vary over a very wide range, and a broad spectrum of demands is imposed for their
design and performance. All of these must be considered when assessing the type of
unit to be used. When selecting a heat exchanger for a given duty, the following points
must be considered:
• Materials of construction
• Operating pressure and temperature, temperature program, and temperature
driving force
• Flow rates
• Flow arrangements
• Performance parameters i.e. thermal effectiveness and pressure drops
• Fouling tendency
• Types and phases of fluids
• Maintenance, inspection, cleaning, extension, and repair possibilities
• Overall economy
• Fabrication techniques
• Intended applications

Materials of Construction
For reliable and continuous use, the construction materials for pressure vessels and
heat exchangers should have a well-defined corrosion rate in the service environments.
Furthermore, the material should exhibit strength to withstand the operating
temperature and pressure. Shell and tube heat exchangers can be manufactured in
virtually any materials that may be required for corrosion resistance, e.g., from
nonmetals like glass, Teflon, and graphite to exotic metals like titanium, zirconium,
tantalum, etc. compact heat exchangers with extended surfaces are mostly
manufactured from any metal that has drawability, formability, and malleability. Heat
exchanger types like plate heat exchangers normally require a material that can be
pressed or welded.

Operating Pressure and Temperature

Pressure

E-18
The design pressure is important to determine the thickness of the pressure retaining
components. The higher the pressure, the greater will be the required thickness of the
pressure-retaining membranes and the more advantage there is to placing the high-
pressure fluid on the tubeside. The pressure level of the fluids has a significant effect
on the type of unit selected.
• At low pressures, the vapor-phase volumetric flow rate is high and low
allowable pressure drops may require a design that maximizes the area
available for flow, such as crossflow or split flow with multiple nozzles.
• At high pressures, the vapor-phase volumetric flow rates are lower and
allowable pressure drops are greater. These lead to more compact units.
• In general, higher heat transfer rates are obtained by placing the low-pressure
gas on the outside of tubular surfaces.
• Operating pressures of the gasketed plate heat exchangers and spiral plate heat
exchangers are limited because of the difficulty in pressing the required plate
thickness, and by the gasketed materials in the case of PHEs. The floating
nature of floating-head shell and tube heat exchangers and lamella heat
exchangers limits the operating pressure.

Temperature
Design Temperature
This parameter is important as it indicates whether the material at the desired
temperature can withstand the operating pressure and various loads imposed on the
components. For low-temperature and cryogenic applications toughness is prime
requirement, and for high-temperature applications the material has to exhibit creep
resistance.
Temperature Program
Temperature program in both a single pass and multipass shell and tube heat
exchanger decides (1) the mean metal temperatures of various components like shell,
tube bundle, and tubesheet, and (2) the possibility of temperature cross. The mean
metal temperatures affect the integrity and capability of heat exchangers and thermal
stresses induced in various components.
Temperature Driving Force
The effective temperature driving force is a measure of the actual potential for heat
transfer that exists at the design conditions. With a counterflow arrangement, the
effective temperature difference is defined by the log mean temperature difference
(LMTD). For flow arrangements other than counterflow arrangement, the LMTD
must be corrected by a correction factor, F. The F factor can be determined
analytically for each flow arrangement but is usually presented graphically in terms of
the thermal effectiveness P and the heat capacity ratio R for each flow arrangement.

Influence of Operating Pressure and Temperature on Selection of Some Types of

Heat Exchangers.
Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

E-19
Shell and tube heat exchanger units can be designed for almost any combination of
pressure and temperature. In extreme cases, high pressure may impose limitations by
fabrication problems associated with material thickness, and by the weight of the
finished unit. Differential thermal expansion under steady conditions can induce
severe thermal stresses either in the tube bundle or in the shell. Damage due to flow-
induced vibration on the shellside is well known. In heat exchanger applications
where high heat transfer effectiveness is required, the standard shell and tube design
may require a very large amount of heat transfer surface. Depeding o the fluids and
operating conditions, other types of heat exchanger design should be investigated.
Compact Heat Exchanger
Compact heat exchangers are constructed from thinner materials, which are
manufactured by mechanical bonding, soldering, brazing, welding, and etc. Therefore,
they are limited in operating pressures and temperatures.
Gasketed Plate Heat Exchanger and Spiral Exchanger
Gasketed plate heat exchanger and spiral exchanger are limited by pressure and
temperature, wherein the limitations are imposed by the capability of the gaskets.

Flow Rate
Flow rate determines the flow area: the higher the flow rate, the higher will be the
crossflow area. Higher flow area is required to limit the flow velocity through he
conduits and flow passages, and the higher velocity is limited by pressure drop,
impingement, erosion, and, in the case of shell and tube exchanger, by shell-side floe-
induced vibration. Sometimes a minimum flow velocity is necessary to improve the
heat transfer, to eliminate stagnant area, and to minimize fouling.

Flow Arrangement
As defined before, the choice of a particular flow arrangement is dependent upon the
required exchanger effectiveness, exchanger construction type, upstream and
downstream ducting, package envelope, and other design criteria.

Performance Parameters – Thermal Effectiveness and Pressure Drops

Thermal Effectiveness
For high performance service requiring high thermal effectiveness, use brazed plate-
fin exchangers (e.g., cryogenic service) and regenerators (e.g., gas turbine
applications), use tube-fin exchangers for slightly less thermal effectiveness in
applications, and use shell and tube units for low thermal effectiveness service.
Pressure Drop
Pressure drop is an important parameter in heat exchanger design. Limitations may be
imposed either by pumping cost or by process limitations or both. The heat exchanger
should be designed in such a way that unproductive pressure drop is avoided to the
maximum extent in areas like inlet and outlet bends, nozzles, and manifolds. At the
same time, any pressure drop limitation that is imposed must be utilized as nearly as
possible for an economic design.

E-20
Fouling Tendencies
Fouling is defined as the formation on heat exchanger surfaces of undesirable deposits
that impede the heat transfer and increase the resistance to fluid flow, resulting in
higher pressure drop. The growth of these deposits causes the thermohydraulic
performance of heat exchanger to decline with time. Fouling affects the energy
consumption of industrial processes, and it also decides the amount of extra material
required to provide extra heat transfer surface to compensate for the effects of fouling.
Compact heat exchangers are generally preferred for nonfouling applications. In a
shell and tube unit the fluid with more fouling tendencies should be put on the tube
side for ease of cleaning. On the shellside with cross baffles, it is sometimes difficult
to achieve a good flow distribution if the baffle cut is either too high or too low.
Stagnation in any region of low velocity behind the baffles is difficult to avoid if he
baffles are cut more than about 20-25%. Plate heat exchangers and spiral plate
exchangers are better chosen for fouling services. The flow pattern in plate heat
exchanger induces turbulence even at comparable low velocities; in the spiral units,
the scrubbing action of fluids on the curved surfaces minimizes fouling.

Type and Phases of Fluids

The phase of the fluids within a unit is an important condition in the selection of the
heat exchanger type. Various combinations of fluids phases dealt in heat exchangers
are liquid-liquid, liquid-gas, and gas-gas. Liquid phase fluids are generally the
simplest to deal with. The high density and favorable values of many transport
properties allow high heat- transfer coefficient to be obtained at relatively low-
pressure drop.

Maintenance, Inspection, Cleaning, Repair, and Extension Aspects

For instance, consider inspection and manual cleaning; spiral plate exchangers can be
made with both sides open at one edge, or with one side open and one closed. They
can be made with channels between 5 mm and 25 mm wide, with or without studs.
The shell and tube heat exchanger can be with fixed tubesheet or with a removable
tube bundle, with small- or large-diameter tubes, or small or wide pitch. Gasketed
plate heat exchangers (PHEs) are easy to open, especially when all nozzles are located
on the stationary end-plate side. The plate arrangement can be changed for other
duties within the frame and nozzle capacity.
Repair of some of the shell and tube exchanger components is possible, but the repair
of expansion joint is very difficult. Tubes can be renewed or plugged. Repair of
compact heat exchangers of tube-fin type is very difficult except by plugging of the
tube. Repair of the plate-fin exchanger is generally very difficult. For these two types
of heat exchangers, extension of units for higher thermal duties is generally not
possible. All these drawbacks are easily overcome in a PHE. It can be easily repaired,
and plates and other parts can be easily replaced. Due to modular construction, PHEs
possess the flexibility of enhancing or reducing the heat transfer surface area,
modifying the pass arrangement, and addition of more than one duty according to the
heat transfer requirements at future date.

E-21
Overall Economy
There are two major costs to consider in designing a heat exchanger: the
manufacturing cost and the operating costs, including maintenance cost. In general,
the less the heat transfer surface area and the less the complexity of he design, the
lower is the manufacturing cost. The operating cost is the pumping cost due to
pumping devices such as fans, blowers, pumps, and etc. The maintenance costs
include costs of spares that require frequent renewal due to corrosion, and costs due to
corrosion/fouling prevention and control. Therefore, the heat exchanger design
requires a proper balance between thermal sizing and pressure drop.

Fabrication Techniques
Fabrication techniques are likely to be the determining factor o the selection of a heat
transfer surface matrix or core. They are the major factors in the initial cost and to a
large extent influence the integrity, service life, and ease of maintenance of the
finished heat exchanger. For example, shell and tube units are mostly fabricated by
welding, plate-fin heat exchanger and automobile aluminum radiators by brazing,
copper-brass radiators by soldering, most of the circular tube-fin exchangers by
mechanical assembling, etc.

E-22
Appendix C.5 Propane and propylene separation
Propane and propylene have similar boiling points (propane: -42.1 °C, propylene, -
47.70 °C) and as a result separation of these compounds requires highly complicated
units. Distillation is by far the most commonly used separation process in the
chemical industry today. The variants that are in use are:

1. Single-Column Process
2. Double-Column Process
3. Heat Pump Process

Single-Column Process: This process requires a large number of trays (150 – 200),
resulting in units of about 100 meters. The reflux can be condensed with cooling
water (column pressure 16 – 19 bar) or in air coolers (column pressure 21 – 26 bar).

Double-Column Process: For the large throughputs that are common today, the
double column process is preferred over the single-column process, since it does
requires smaller columns with smaller column diameters, which makes transportation
of these units easier. A schematic of the double-column process is given in Figure
C.5.1. Only the reflux from the second column is condensed with cooling water. The
pressure of the first column is sufficiently high (ca. 25 bar) that the overhead vapours
(ca. 59 °C) can be condensed in the reboiler of the second column and serve as the
heat carrier. Heating the first column with warm water is still possible. Both columns
provide approximately half the propene product. Since the reboiler for the second
column also serves as the condenser of the first column, the first column does not
require any cooling water. As a result the cooling water requirements are about half
that of the single column process.

propane/propene

I II

propane

propene

E-23
 Figure C.5.1. Schematic of double column process [adapted from Ullman]

Heat pump process: In the aforementioned processes, the heat for the reboiler is
usually available as waste heat from e.g. the steam cracker, and is essentially cost free.
If this heat is not available, a heat pump can be used. A schematic of the heat pump
process is given in Figure C.5.2. The overhead vapors are heated slightly in the reflux
sub cooler, which enables these vapors to be compressed and cooled in the condenser-
reboiler.

reflux subcooler

compressor
propane/propene

I
after-cooler

condensor-reboiler

propene
propane
Figure C.5.2 Schematic of heat pump process [adapted from Ullman]

Thermodynamic analysis

A simplified scheme for the separation of an equimolar mixture of propylene and

propane is given in Figure. C.5.3. The feed is a liquid mixture that is introduced at
that point where the liquid has the same composition and temperature.

E-24
 Q out

rD
L
D

D /B = 1

V Q in

Figure C.5.3. Distillation at reflux ratio r (rmin < r < ∞)

Per mole of feed F, the distillate D amounts to ½ mole and so does the bottom
product B. With a reflux ratio r = L/D, in which L is the number of moles of liquid
re-introduced at the top of the column, L = rD = ½r moles above the feedpoint and
(½r + 1) below the feedpoint. The vapour flow V = ½(r+1) throughout the column.
The heat introduced at the bottom of the column is therefore
Qin = 1 (1 + r )∆ v H (C.5.1)
2

We assume that the heat of vaporisation is roughly the same for both components and
that the temperature dependence is negligible over the range of the column. From this,
it follows that
Qin = Qout (C.5.2)

in which Qout is the cooling duty of the condenser. Now, it is interesting to note that
the overall separation does not require any energy! The number of Joules entering the
column equals the number of Joules leaving the column. However, the “quality” of
these heat streams, or equivalently, the exergy of these heat streams is not equal, due
to the Carnot factor. In an ideal column, that is a column operating under reversible
conditions, the heat is stripped of its quality and pays for the separation of the liquid
mixture into its constituents in the liquid state. The minimum work required to
separate the liquid mixture into its constituents is given below (see Figure. C.5.4):
ideal
Wsep = − RT0 ∑ xi lnxi (C.5.3)
i
where the assumption is made that the mixture behaves in an ideal fashion and is
close to the temperature of the surroundings, which, for the propane-propylene
mixture is a fair assumption. If we further insert the assumption that the mixture is
equimolar, equation (C.4.3) reduces to:

E-25
 ideal
Wsep = RT0 ln 2 (C.5.4)
which is the minimum amount of exergy that needs to be introduced into the column.
And from
⎛
min ⎜ 1 1 ⎞⎟
Winmin = Qin T0 − (C.5.5)
⎜ Ttop Tbottom ⎟
⎝ ⎠
which has to equal the minimum amount of work that has to be spent on the
separation:
Winmin = Qsep
ideal
(C.5.6)
This also defines the minimum reflux ratio, r, according to
min 1 min
Qin = r
2
(
+1 ∆v H ) (C.5.7)

Equations (C.4.4), (C.4.5) and (C.4.7) can be combined to yield:

2 ln 2
r min = −1 (C.5.8)
ln α12
ideal

Qout

rD
L
D

F
Winmin

D/B = 1

V Qin

Figure C.5.4. Minimum work required to upgrade the quality of heat

We stress that this equation dictates the minimum reflux ratio based purely on

thermodynamic arguments. As α12

ideal
= 1.11 in our case, the value of rmin =12.28. In
general, the mixture will not be equimolar, and if the products are not pure but satisfy
a less strict specification, the value of rmin will be smaller. Now, a column operated
under these conditions will have an efficiency of 100% since, it is using the minimum
amount of work necessary to separate the components.

E-26
The previous analysis begs the following question. What will the efficiency be of a
“real” propane-propylene distillation column? To answer this question, we must
realize that heat cannot be transferred into the column without a temperature
difference. In a “real” column with less stringent product quality constraints, the heat
is supplied at 377 K, the bottom temperature of the column is 331 K, the temperature
at the top of the column is 320 K and is transferred to the surroundings at 298 K
[Seader]. The minimum heat required for separation is, according to equation (C.4.7):
min 1 min
Qin = r
2
(
+1 ∆v H ) (C.5.9)

with rmin = 9.64 from the data in [Seader]. The separation inside the column does not
take place according to thermodynamic ideal processes, and the real heat is larger:
real
Qin
2
( )
= 1 r real + 1 ∆ v H (C.5.10)

where rreal = 15.9

The heat has to be transferred over a temperature difference of 377 – 331 = 46 K and
the resulting lost work can easily be calculated. Then the heat flows from 331 K to
320 K inside the column and is used to perform the separation. Finally, the heat is
discarded at the top of the column at 320 K to the surroundings at 298 K. The overall
thermodynamic efficiency of the column can be computed as follows:

min ⎛ 1 ⎞
Qin ∆⎜ ⎟ T0
⎝ T ⎠ column
ηoverall = (C.5.11)
real
⎡ ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎤
Qin ⎢ ∆⎜ ⎟ + ∆⎜ ⎟ + ∆⎜ ⎟ ⎥T0
⎢⎣ ⎝ T ⎠bottom ⎝ T ⎠ column ⎝ T ⎠top ⎥⎦
which yields ηoverall = 0.093:
Closer scrutiny of equation (C.5.11) reveals that the main sources of inefficiency are
min
Qin
real
the temperature driving forces in the condenser and reboiler (the ratio Qin equals
0.63 and quantifies losses inside the column). The only way of improving the
efficiency is to reduce these temperature-driving forces. A noteworthy point is,
however, that the heat for the reboiler should be supplied at 377 K, which is often
available as waste heat in a chemical plant and integration with other heat sources
should therefore be contemplated. For the purpose of this example, however, we will
not do so. Another way of improving the single-column process is to use a membrane
to split the feed into two different feed streams. See Figure C.4.5.

E-27
 Qout

rD
D
xD
xR
F

D/B = 1
xF xP

Qin

B
xB

Figure C.4.5 Hybrid distillation of propane-propylene

E-28
Appendix C.6 Comparison of the Tray and Packed column

properties

Table C.6. Summary of column properties comparison

Tray column Packed column
Diameter Large Small
Pressure loss High (7mbar/stage) Low (<0.7mbar/stage)
Liquid hold up Varied over wide range Very small, thermally
unstable substance is less
Gas load Narrow range Flexible

Tray column
1. Generally employed in large diameter (larger than 1m)
2. Several down comers necessary
3. Gas load in tray columns must be kept within a relatively narrow range
4. Only valve trays allow greater operational flexibility
5. Liquid load can be varied over a very wide range
6. Allow heat to be added or removed easily

Disadvantages:
1. Relatively high pressure drop (7mbar/equilibrium stage)
2. Decomposition of thermally unstable substances

Packed column
1. Small diameter (smaller than 0.7m), development allows large diameter also
2. Extremely flexible as far as gas load is concerned, but require a minimum
liquid load
3. Small pressure loss (0.5mbar/equilibrium stage), more than 1 order magnitude
lower than in tray columns
4. Liquid hold up very small, thermally unstable substance is less
5. Countercurrent of gas and liquid, efficiency of mass transfer
6. Ceramic packing. Less corrosion

Disadvantages
1. Not suitable for the treatment of liquids that obtain particulate contaminants
or tent to crystallize

E-29
Appendix C.7 Recommendations for treatment of light gas

The light gas is consisted of methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

Here are some recommendations for the treatment of light gas.

Membrane Technology
Membrane is a novel technology in separation field. One can select a qualified
material for the specified purpose of separation. Hydrogen and carbon monoxide are
the composition of synthesis gas and methane is natural gas. Therefore, to separate
methane from the stock is the desired way. Unfortunately, after searching the huge
amount of literature, we found that due to the fact that the molecular size of methane
and carbon monoxide are very close (Diameter of CO: 3.76, Diameter of CH4: 3.80),
it is not applicable by separate only by physical sense.
By physical properties membrane separation, only hydrogen can be separated from
the stock.

Membrane Reactor
The wide application of membrane reactor is methane steam reforming. In the
membrane reactor, two reactions will happen in parallel:
CH 4 steam reforming: CH 4 + H 2O → CO + 3H 2
Water shifting: CO + H 2O → CO2 + H 2
Methane will convert to CO and H2, which is valuable syngas can be sold to Fischer-
Tropsch process. However, this treatment is quite time consuming in calculation of
the reactor parameter design and very costly. And this process will bring the by-
product CO2 that requires further treatment for the sustainability point of view.

To sale whole products

Hydrogen and carbon monoxide are Fischer-Tropsch feedstock syngas, and methane
is the good fuel gas. Therefore, it is suggested to sale all these three components
together to be the feedstock of Fischer-Tropsch process. This is the most economic
way for the light gas treatment.

Absorption
In order to separate methane from the stock, one can use the chemical way such as
using a right solvent. It is required to cost money for the solvent and to design an
extra equipment.

Chromatography
Gas Chromatography (GC) is used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of
complex mixtures of gases, liquids, and sometimes solids. A sample is vaporized and
transported by an inert carrier (usually He) gas through a column of sufficient length
to provide the separation. There are many different columns with both different

E-30
mobile and solid phases used with different carrier gases. The right combination has
to be chosen such that the desired separation takes place with reasonable retention
times. The different components of the vapor mixture are separated as a result of their
different vapor pressures and relative affinities for the bonded liquid phase. As the
components of the mixture are separated and elude from the column, they enter a
detector, where a signal proportional to the concentration of the component is
amplified and displayed. Identification is done by the retention time.
The Chromatography is more commonly used in analysis way and not applicable in
the huge amount separation unit. Also the problem is it is very costly.

Conclusion:
In this design, we choose to sale whole products mixture as our decision. The other
alternatives can serve as the candidates if there are specified requirements for the
treatment, such as purity and H2/CO ratio.

E-31
APPENDIX D

E-1
Appendix D. Process Stream Summary

Table D.1.a Process stream summary

STREAM Nr. : A001 IN A101 A102 A103 A104
Name : Propane Feed In Propane feed to shell Gas Product from Shell Gas product after cooler Shell gas prod. Compressed
COMP MW kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s
Propane 44 7.45 0.1692 9.81 0.2230 7.56 0.1717 7.56 0.1717 7.56 0.1717
Oxygen 32 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Ethylene 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0001 0.00 0.0001 0.00 0.0001
Propylene 42 0.79 0.0188 1.03 0.0244 3.18 0.0756 3.18 0.0756 3.18 0.0756
Carbonmon-oxide 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Carbondi-oxide 44 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Methane 16 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0001 0.00 0.0001 0.00 0.0001
Hydrogen 2 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.10 0.0515 0.10 0.0515 0.10 0.0515
Water 18 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Nitrogen 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Total 8.23 0.1880 10.84 0.2475 10.84 0.2990 10.84 0.2990 10.84 0.2990
Enthalpy kW -5975 -7900 -1247 -16528 -12344
Phase V V V V V
Press. Bara 1 1 1 1 30
Temp oC 540 540 540 25 215

STREAM Nr. : A105 A106 A107 A201 A202

Comp. gas shell aft Liquid shell prod. To
Name : cooler Shell Gas to separation dist. Propane to Tube reactor Oxygen to tube reactor
COMP MW kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s
Propane 44 7.56 0.1717 5.08 0.1155 2.48 0.0563 6.54 0.1487 0.00 0.0000
Oxygen 32 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 1.79 0.0559
Ethylene 28 0.00 0.0001 0.00 0.0001 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Propylene 42 3.18 0.0756 2.22 0.0528 0.96 0.0228 0.68 0.0163 0.00 0.0000
Carbonmon-oxide 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Carbondi-oxide 44 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Methane 16 0.00 0.0001 0.00 0.0001 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Hydrogen 2 0.10 0.0515 0.10 0.0504 0.00 0.0011 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Water 18 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Nitrogen 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.08 0.0029
Total 10.84 0.2990 7.40 0.2189 3.43 0.0801 7.23 0.1650 1.87 0.0589
Enthalpy kW -17475 -11090 -6385 -5267 959
Phase V/L V L V V
Press. Bara 30 30 30 1 1
Temp oC 55 54.7056169 54.7056169 540 540

E-2
Table D.1.a Process stream summary (Con’t)
STREAM Nr. : A203 A204 A205 A206 A207
Tube gas prod. After
Name : Tube Feed furnace Feed to tube reactor Tube gas Prod. cooler Process water
COMP MW kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s
Propane 44 6.54 0.1487 6.54 0.1487 1.36 0.0309 1.36 0.0309 0.00 0.0000
Oxygen 32 1.79 0.0559 1.79 0.0559 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Ethylene 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 2.29 0.0818 2.29 0.0818 0.00 0.0000
Propylene 42 0.68 0.0163 0.68 0.0163 2.47 0.0588 2.47 0.0588 0.00 0.0000
Carbonmon-oxide 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.62 0.0223 0.62 0.0223 0.00 0.0000
Carbondi-oxide 44 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.18 0.0040 0.18 0.0040 0.00 0.0000
Methane 16 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.58 0.0360 0.58 0.0360 0.00 0.0000
Hydrogen 2 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.05 0.0265 0.05 0.0265 0.00 0.0000
Water 18 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 1.47 0.0817 0.12 0.0064 1.36 0.0753
Nitrogen 28 0.08 0.0029 0.08 0.0029 0.08 0.0029 0.08 0.0029 0.00 0.0000
Total 9.10 0.2239 9.10 0.2239 9.10 0.3449 7.74 0.2695 1.36 0.0753
Enthalpy kW -4308 4957 -4243 -6063 -21804
Phase V V V V L
Press. Bara 1 1 1 1 1
Temp oC 539.978075 850 850 25 25

STREAM Nr. : A208 A209 A210 401 402

Comp.Tube gas after Gas prod. To CO2
Name : Tube gas compressed cooler Process water rem.Unit CO2
COMP MW kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s
Propane 44 1.36 0.0309 1.36 0.0309 0.00 0.0000 1.36 0.0309 0.00 0.0000
Oxygen 32 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Ethylene 28 2.29 0.0818 2.29 0.0818 0.00 0.0000 2.29 0.0818 0.00 0.0000
Propylene 42 2.47 0.0588 2.47 0.0588 0.00 0.0000 2.47 0.0588 0.00 0.0000
Carbonmon-oxide 28 0.62 0.0223 0.62 0.0223 0.00 0.0000 0.62 0.0223 0.00 0.0000
Carbondi-oxide 44 0.18 0.0040 0.18 0.0040 0.00 0.0000 0.01 0.0003 0.16 0.0037
Methane 16 0.58 0.0360 0.58 0.0360 0.00 0.0000 0.58 0.0360 0.00 0.0000
Hydrogen 2 0.05 0.0265 0.05 0.0265 0.00 0.0000 0.05 0.0265 0.00 0.0000
Water 18 0.12 0.0064 0.01 0.0006 0.10 0.0058 0.01 0.0006 0.00 0.0000
Nitrogen 28 0.08 0.0029 0.08 0.0029 0.00 0.0000 0.08 0.0029 0.00 0.0000
Total 7.74 0.2695 7.64 0.2637 0.10 0.0058 7.48 0.2601 0.16 0.0037
Enthalpy kW -1533 -4946 -1665 -3494 -1451
Phase V V L V V
Press. Bara 30 30 30 30 30
Temp oC 308 30 30 30 30

E-3
Table D.1.a Process stream summary (Con’t)
STREAM Nr. : 301 302 303 304 305
Name : Gas Prod. to LG column Overhead T301 Light gas Product T301 Reflux Feed to T302
COMP MW kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s
Propane 44 6.44 0.1464 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 6.44 0.1464
Oxygen 32 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Ethylene 28 2.29 0.0819 7.90 0.2821 0.03 0.0010 7.87 0.2811 2.26 0.0809
Propylene 42 4.69 0.1116 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 4.69 0.1116
Carbonmon-oxide 28 0.62 0.0223 1.19 0.0426 0.62 0.0223 0.57 0.0203 0.00 0.0000
Carbondi-oxide 44 0.01 0.0003 0.01 0.0002 0.00 0.0000 0.01 0.0002 0.01 0.0003
Methane 16 0.58 0.0361 4.79 0.2994 0.58 0.0361 4.21 0.2633 0.00 0.0000
Hydrogen 2 0.15 0.0769 0.16 0.0797 0.15 0.0769 0.01 0.0027 0.00 0.0000
Water 18 0.01 0.0006 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.01 0.0006
Nitrogen 28 0.08 0.0029 0.14 0.0050 0.08 0.0029 0.06 0.0021 0.00 0.0000
Total 14.88 0.4790 14.19 0.7089 1.47 0.1392 12.72 0.5697 13.42 0.3398
Enthalpy kW -14585 -5787 -5786 -5787 -14573
Phase V V V V L
Press. Bara 30 15 15 15 15
Temp oC 42 -131 -131 -131 10

STREAM Nr. : 306 307 308 309 310

T302
Name : Overhead T302 Reflux Ethylene Prduct Bottom product T303 Feed to T303
COMP MW kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s
Propane 44 0.01 0.0002 0.01 0.0002 0.00 0.0000 6.44 0.1463 8.91 0.2026
Oxygen 32 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Ethylene 28 2.26 0.0808 0.00 0.0000 2.26 0.0808 0.00 0.0001 0.00 0.0001
Propylene 42 8.53 0.2032 8.52 0.2029 0.01 0.0003 4.67 0.1113 5.63 0.1340
Carbonmon-oxide 28 0.05 0.0018 0.05 0.0018 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Carbondi-oxide 44 0.01 0.0003 0.00 0.0000 0.01 0.0003 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Methane 16 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Hydrogen 2 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0011
Water 18 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.01 0.0006 0.01 0.0006
Nitrogen 28 0.05 0.0019 0.05 0.0019 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Total 10.93 0.2883 8.63 0.2068 2.29 0.0815 11.12 0.2582 14.56 0.3384
Enthalpy kW -14264 11270 2994 -16920 -23305
Phase V L L L L
Press. Bara 15 15 15 15 15
Temp oC -39 -39 -39 40 38

E-4
Table D.1.a Process stream summary (Con’t)
STREAM
Nr. : 311 312 313 314 314-W
T303
Name : Overhead T303 Reflux Propylene Prduct Propane recycle1 Moisture removed
COMP MW kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s
Propane 44 0.05 0.0011 0.05 0.0011 0.00 0.0001 8.91 0.2025 0.00 0.0000
Oxygen 32 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Ethylene 28 0.04 0.0015 0.04 0.0014 0.00 0.0001 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Propylene 42 105.15 2.5036 100.44 2.3914 4.71 0.1121 0.92 0.0219 0.00 0.0000
Carbonmon-oxide 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Carbondi-oxide 44 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Methane 16 0.00 0.0002 0.00 0.0002 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Hydrogen 2 0.05 0.0242 0.05 0.0231 0.00 0.0011 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Water 18 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.01 0.0006
Nitrogen 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Total 105.29 2.5306 100.58 2.4172 4.72 0.1133 9.83 0.2244 0.01 0.0006
Enthalpy kW 0 0 2093 -24058 -168
Phase V L V L L
Press. Bara 15 15 15 15 15
Temp oC 35 35 35 43 43

Table D.1.b Process stream summary of input and output

STREAM
Nr. : 403 404
Name : MDEA sol feed Spent MDEA sol
COMP MW kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s
Propane 44 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Oxygen 32 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Ethylene 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Propylene 42 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Carbonmon-oxide 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Carbondi-oxide 44 0.00 0.0000 0.16 0.0037
Methane 16 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Hydrogen 2 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Water 18 15.96 0.8864 15.96 0.8864
Nitrogen 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
MDEA 119.2 15.96 0.1339 15.96 0.1339
Total 31.91 0.8864 32.07 0.8901
Enthalpy kW n.a. n.a.
Phase L L
Press. Bara 30 30
Temp oC 30 30

E-5
APPENDIX E

E-1
Appendix E.1 Aspen Plus simulation results

E-2
 303

D301

302

T301 304

106

E101
D101
306
103
C101
M301
105 T302
305 310
E102
301
104
M302
307
T303

V301 309

211 107 308

102 311 D302

312

C201
M001
001 313 E301
RX-ENDO
D201
E203
101
206 208 209

201
RX-EXO
M201

204
E202
E201 210
202 205 212
203
207

314

Figure E.1.1 The flow scheme of Aspen Plus simulation

E-3
Table E.1.1 The results of Aspen Plus simulation
Heat and Material Balance Table
Stream ID 001 101 102 103 104 105 106 107
Temperature C 540.0 540.0 540.0 25.0 215.1 55.0 54.7 54.7
Pressure bar 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000
Vapor Frac 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.730 1.000 0.000
Mole Flow kmol/hr 675.348 888.943 1073.215 1073.215 1073.215 1073.215 785.355 287.860
Mass Flow kg/hr 29644.355 39022.384 39022.384 39022.384 39022.384 39022.384 26657.857 12364.527
Volume Flow cum/hr 45666.790 60110.020 72578.525 26334.839 1379.850 587.287 547.674 28.420
Enthalpy MMkcal/hr -5.121 -6.772 -1.069 -14.167 -10.581 -14.979 -9.506 -5.473
Mass Flow kg/hr
C3H8 26802.447 35329.320 27203.576 27203.576 27203.576 27203.576 18291.666 8911.911
O2
N2
C2H4 10.339 10.339 10.339 10.339 8.799 1.540
C3H6 2841.908 3693.064 11431.830 11431.830 11431.830 11431.830 7988.958 3442.872
CH4 5.912 5.912 5.912 5.912 5.497 0.416
H2 370.727 370.727 370.727 370.727 362.939 7.788
H2O
CO
CO2
MDEA+
Mole Flow kmol/hr
C3H8 607.813 801.182 616.910 616.910 616.910 616.910 414.810 202.100
O2
N2
C2H4 0.369 0.369 0.369 0.369 0.314 0.055
C3H6 67.535 87.762 271.665 271.665 271.665 271.665 189.849 81.816
CH4 0.369 0.369 0.369 0.369 0.343 0.026
H2 183.903 183.903 183.903 183.903 180.040 3.863
H2O
CO
CO2
MDEA+
Mole Frac
C3H8 0.900 0.901 0.575 0.575 0.575 0.575 0.528 0.702
O2
N2
C2H4 343 PPM 343 PPM 343 PPM 343 PPM 399 PPM 191 PPM
C3H6 0.100 0.099 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.242 0.284
CH4 343 PPM 343 PPM 343 PPM 343 PPM 436 PPM 90 PPM
H2 0.171 0.171 0.171 0.171 0.229 0.013
H2O
CO
CO2
MDEA+

E-4
Table E.1.1 The results of Aspen Plus simulation (Con’t)
Heat and Material Balance Table
Stream ID 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212
Temperature C 540.0 540.0 540.0 850.0 850.0 25.0 25.0 288.6 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0
Pressure bar 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000
Vapor Frac 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 1.000
Mole Flow kmol/hr 592.629 212.000 804.629 804.629 1238.872 967.996 270.876 967.996 947.059 20.937 933.860 13.198
Mass Flow kg/hr 26014.923 6741.501 32756.424 32756.424 32755.239 27875.317 4879.922 27875.317 27498.122 377.194 26917.260 580.862
Volume Flow cum/hr 40073.347 14337.397 54415.038 75172.427 115724.474 23865.336 6.460 1501.437 667.676 0.378 658.313 9.362
Enthalpy MMkcal/hr -4.514 0.822 -3.692 4.249 -3.637 -5.197 -18.689 -1.647 -4.239 -1.427 -2.995 -1.244
Mass Flow kg/hr
C3H8 23552.880 23552.880 23552.880 4891.314 4891.314 < 0.001 4891.314 4891.314 4891.314
O2 6444.558 6444.558 6444.558
N2 296.943 296.943 296.943 296.943 296.943 trace 296.943 296.943 296.943
C2H4 8246.499 8246.497 0.002 8246.497 8246.497 8246.497
C3H6 2462.043 2462.043 2462.043 8885.550 8885.549 0.001 8885.549 8885.549 8885.549
CH4 2072.763 2072.763 < 0.001 2072.763 2072.763 2072.763
H2 190.757 190.757 trace 190.757 190.757 190.757
H2O 5294.891 414.984 4879.907 414.984 37.789 377.194 37.789
CO 2245.138 2245.138 < 0.001 2245.138 2245.138 2245.138
CO2 631.383 631.372 0.011 631.372 631.372 50.510 580.862
MDEA+
Mole Flow kmol/hr
C3H8 534.121 534.121 534.121 110.923 110.923 trace 110.923 110.923 110.923
O2 201.400 201.400 201.400
N2 10.600 10.600 10.600 10.600 10.600 trace 10.600 10.600 10.600
C2H4 293.953 293.953 < 0.001 293.953 293.953 293.953
C3H6 58.508 58.508 58.508 211.155 211.155 < 0.001 211.155 211.155 211.155
CH4 129.202 129.202 < 0.001 129.202 129.202 129.202
H2 94.627 94.627 trace 94.627 94.627 94.627
H2O 293.911 23.035 270.876 23.035 2.098 20.937 2.098
CO 80.154 80.154 trace 80.154 80.154 80.154
CO2 14.346 14.346 < 0.001 14.346 14.346 1.148 13.198
MDEA+
Mole Frac
C3H8 0.901 0.664 0.664 0.090 0.115 10 PPB 0.115 0.117 0.119
O2 0.950 0.250 0.250
N2 0.050 0.013 0.013 0.009 0.011 trace 0.011 0.011 0.011
C2H4 0.237 0.304 318 PPB 0.304 0.310 0.315
C3H6 0.099 0.073 0.073 0.170 0.218 77 PPB 0.218 0.223 0.226
CH4 0.104 0.133 66 PPB 0.133 0.136 0.138
H2 0.076 0.098 7 PPB 0.098 0.100 0.101
H2O 0.237 0.024 1.000 0.024 0.002 1.000 0.002
CO 0.065 0.083 4 PPB 0.083 0.085 0.086
CO2 0.012 0.015 929 PPB 0.015 0.015 0.001 1.000
MDEA+

E-5
Table E.1.1 The results of Aspen Plus simulation (Con’t)
Heat and Material Balance Table
Stream ID 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314
Temperature C 42.5 -131.4 -131.4 -131.4 9.5 -39.0 39.9 37.4 37.9 34.8 42.7 42.7 42.7 540.0
Pressure bar 30.000 15.000 15.000 15.000 15.000 15.000 15.000 15.000 15.000 15.000 15.000 15.000 15.000 1.000
Vapor Frac 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.200 0.060 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000
Mole Flow kmol/hr 1719.215 498.572 494.958 3.614 1220.642 292.954 927.688 287.860 1215.549 407.227 808.322 806.224 2.098 806.224
Mass Flow kg/hr 53575.117 5275.333 5173.947 101.386 48299.784 8255.705 40044.079 12364.527 52408.606 16977.864 35430.742 35392.953 37.789 35392.953
Volume Flow cum/hr 1225.285 371.054 369.247 0.173 105.967 19.365 93.977 102.049 214.237 542.593 84.936 1078.658 0.051 54516.577
Enthalpy MMkcal/hr -12.501 -4.960 -4.999 0.028 -12.491 2.566 -14.503 -5.473 -19.975 1.794 -20.621 -17.924 -0.144 -6.165
Mass Flow kg/hr
C3H8 23182.980 trace trace 23182.980 7.022 23175.958 8911.911 32087.869 8.116 32079.753 32079.753 32079.753
O2
N2 296.943 296.943 296.943 trace trace trace trace
C2H4 8255.295 101.386 101.386 8153.909 8148.609 5.300 1.540 6.841 6.841 trace
C3H6 16874.507 trace trace 16874.507 49.528 16824.979 3442.872 20267.851 16954.651 3313.199 3313.199 3313.199
CH4 2078.259 2078.124 2078.124 0.136 0.136 trace 0.416 0.416 0.416 trace
H2 553.696 553.696 553.696 trace trace trace 7.788 7.788 7.788 trace
H2O 37.789 trace 37.789 trace 37.789 37.789 trace 37.789 37.789
CO 2245.138 2245.138 2245.138 trace trace trace trace
CO2 50.510 0.047 0.047 50.462 50.410 0.052 0.052 0.052 trace
MDEA+
Mole Flow kmol/hr
C3H8 525.733 trace trace 525.733 0.159 525.573 202.100 727.673 0.184 727.489 727.489 727.489
O2
N2 10.600 10.600 10.600 trace trace trace trace
C2H4 294.267 3.614 3.614 290.653 290.464 0.189 0.055 0.244 0.244 trace
C3H6 401.004 trace trace 401.004 1.177 399.827 81.816 481.643 402.909 78.735 78.735 78.735
CH4 129.545 129.537 129.537 0.008 0.008 trace 0.026 0.026 0.026 trace
H2 274.667 274.667 274.667 trace trace trace 3.863 3.863 3.863 trace
H2O 2.098 trace 2.098 trace 2.098 2.098 trace 2.098 2.098
CO 80.154 80.154 80.154 trace trace trace trace
CO2 1.148 0.001 0.001 1.147 1.145 0.001 0.001 0.001 trace
MDEA+
Mole Frac
C3H8 0.306 trace trace 0.431 544 PPM 0.567 0.702 0.599 452 PPM 0.900 0.902 0.902
O2
N2 0.006 0.021 0.021 trace trace trace trace
C2H4 0.171 0.007 1.000 0.238 0.992 204 PPM 191 PPM 201 PPM 599 PPM trace
C3H6 0.233 trace 3 PPB 0.329 0.004 0.431 0.284 0.396 0.989 0.097 0.098 0.098
CH4 0.075 0.260 0.262 7 PPM 29 PPM trace 90 PPM 21 PPM 64 PPM trace
H2 0.160 0.551 0.555 trace trace trace 0.013 0.003 0.009 trace
H2O 0.001 trace 0.002 trace 0.002 0.002 trace 0.003 1.000
CO 0.047 0.161 0.162 trace trace trace trace
CO2 668 PPM 2 PPM 2 PPM 939 PPM 0.004 1 PPM 976 PPB 3 PPM trace
MDEA+

E-6
Appendix E.2 Simulation results of distillation columns T301
T302 and T303

z BLOCK: T301 MODEL: RADFRAC

-------------------------------
INLETS - 301 STAGE 10
OUTLETS - 302 STAGE 1
- 305 STAGE 20
PROPERTY OPTION SET: RK-ASPEN REDLICH-KWONG-ASPEN EQUATION OF STATE

*** MASS AND ENERGY BALANCE ***

IN OUT RELATIVE DIFF.
TOTAL BALANCE
MOLE(KMOL/HR ) 1719.21 1719.21 -0.132254E-15
MASS(KG/HR ) 53575.1 53575.1 -0.149389E-14
ENTHALPY(MMKCAL/H) -12.5011 -17.4509 0.283641

**********************
**** INPUT DATA ****
**********************

**** INPUT PARAMETERS ****

NUMBER OF STAGES 20
ALGORITHM OPTION STANDARD
ABSORBER OPTION NO
INITIALIZATION OPTION STANDARD
HYDRAULIC PARAMETER CALCULATIONS NO
INSIDE LOOP CONVERGENCE METHOD BROYDEN
DESIGN SPECIFICATION METHOD NESTED
MAXIMUM NO. OF OUTSIDE LOOP ITERATIONS 200
MAXIMUM NO. OF INSIDE LOOP ITERATIONS 10
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF FLASH ITERATIONS 50
FLASH TOLERANCE 0.000100000
OUTSIDE LOOP CONVERGENCE TOLERANCE 0.000100000

**** COL-SPECS ****

MOLAR VAPOR DIST / TOTAL DIST 1.00000

MOLAR BOILUP RATIO 0.30000
BOTTOMS TO FEED RATIO 0.71000

**** PROFILES ****

P-SPEC STAGE 1 PRES, BAR 15.0000

*******************
**** RESULTS ****
*******************

*** COMPONENT SPLIT FRACTIONS ***

OUTLET STREAMS
--------------
302 305
COMPONENT:
C3H8 .25189E-11 1.0000

E-7
 N2 1.0000 .24305E-09
C2H4 .12281E-01 .98772
C3H6 .27710E-10 1.0000
CH4 .99993 .65298E-04
H2 1.0000 .13345E-13
H2O .64603E-20 1.0000
CO 1.0000 .72575E-09
CO2 .93762E-03 .99906

*** SUMMARY OF KEY RESULTS ***

TOP STAGE TEMPERATURE C -131.444

BOTTOM STAGE TEMPERATURE C 9.51630
TOP STAGE LIQUID FLOW KMOL/HR 2,046.42
BOTTOM STAGE LIQUID FLOW KMOL/HR 1,220.64
TOP STAGE VAPOR FLOW KMOL/HR 498.572
BOTTOM STAGE VAPOR FLOW KMOL/HR 366.193
MOLAR REFLUX RATIO 4.10455
MOLAR BOILUP RATIO 0.30000
CONDENSER DUTY (W/O SUBCOOL) MMKCAL/H -6.24869
REBOILER DUTY MMKCAL/H 1.29891

**** MAXIMUM FINAL RELATIVE ERRORS ****

DEW POINT 0.35192E-08 STAGE= 2

BUBBLE POINT 0.36639E-06 STAGE= 1
COMPONENT MASS BALANCE 0.12473E-06 STAGE= 1 COMP=H2
ENERGY BALANCE 0.25452E-07 STAGE= 2

**** PROFILES ****

**NOTE** REPORTED VALUES FOR STAGE LIQUID AND VAPOR RATES ARE THE FLOWS
FROM THE STAGE EXCLUDING ANY SIDE PRODUCT. FOR THE FIRST STAGE,
THE REPORTED VAPOR FLOW IS THE VAPOR DISTILLATE FLOW. FOR THE
LAST STAGE, THE REPORTED LIQUID FLOW IS THE LIQUID BOTTOMS FLOW.

ENTHALPY
STAGE TEMPERATURE PRESSURE KCAL/MOL HEAT DUTY
C BAR LIQUID VAPOR MMKCAL/H

1 -131.44 15.000 -6.9313 -9.9478 -6.2486

2 -67.400 15.000 5.0027 -5.0670
4 -47.815 15.000 8.3663 6.9148
5 -47.138 15.000 8.4249 7.3618
6 -46.810 15.000 8.2803 7.4112
7 -45.298 15.000 7.2614 7.2839
8 -36.418 15.000 1.7782 6.4012
9 -11.228 15.000 -8.6914 1.9513
10 -4.4281 15.000 -7.8347 3.8437
11 -2.9161 15.000 -7.6091 4.6196
19 1.4536 15.000 -8.2415 4.4683
20 9.5163 15.000 -10.233 1.9440 1.2989

STAGE FLOW RATE FEED RATE PRODUCT RATE

KMOL/HR KMOL/HR KMOL/HR
LIQUID VAPOR LIQUID VAPOR MIXED LIQUID VAPOR
1 2046. 498.6 498.5722
2 2230. 2545.
4 2371. 2840.

E-8
5 2374. 2870.
6 2351. 2872.
7 2212. 2850.
8 1826. 2711.
9 1474. 2325. 1719.2147
10 1560. 253.8
11 1578. 339.4
19 1587. 368.8
20 1221. 366.2 1220.6425

**** MASS FLOW PROFILES ****

STAGE FLOW RATE FEED RATE PRODUCT RATE

KG/HR KG/HR KG/HR
LIQUID VAPOR LIQUID VAPOR MIXED LIQUID VAPOR
1 0.4581E+05 5275. 5275.3340
2 0.5928E+05 0.5108E+05
4 0.6601E+05 0.6998E+05
5 0.6622E+05 0.7128E+05
6 0.6582E+05 0.7149E+05
7 0.6336E+05 0.7110E+05
8 0.5844E+05 0.6864E+05
9 0.5619E+05 0.6372E+05 .53575+05
10 0.5907E+05 7888.
11 0.5974E+05 0.1077E+05
19 0.6090E+05 0.1209E+05
20 0.4830E+05 0.1260E+05 .48300+05

**** MOLE-X-PROFILE ****

STAGE C3H8 N2 C2H4 C3H6 CH4
1 0.16633E-07 0.36507E-02 0.49355 0.84884E-07 0.46199
2 0.38278E-06 0.46273E-03 0.87264 0.14763E-05 0.11990
4 0.36009E-04 0.23949E-03 0.97851 0.85336E-04 0.15891E-01
5 0.31641E-03 0.23590E-03 0.98072 0.59048E-03 0.12630E-01
6 0.27491E-02 0.23421E-03 0.97517 0.40426E-02 0.11964E-01
7 0.22776E-01 0.22735E-03 0.93292 0.26462E-01 0.11521E-01
8 0.14015 0.20170E-03 0.71333 0.13058 0.10030E-01
9 0.37938 0.18784E-03 0.31319 0.29310 0.80810E-02
10 0.36696 0.46244E-04 0.33910 0.28476 0.59140E-02
11 0.36472 0.91215E-05 0.34584 0.28331 0.34178E-02
19 0.38237 0.13052E-10 0.31657 0.29847 0.19064E-04
20 0.43070 0.21106E-11 0.23811 0.32852 0.69300E-05

**** MOLE-X-PROFILE ****

STAGE H2 H2O CO CO2
1 0.48024E-02 0.00000E+00 0.35664E-01 0.34017E-03
2 0.16473E-02 0.28743E-14 0.45332E-02 0.81127E-03
4 0.17896E-02 0.12388E-10 0.20636E-02 0.13825E-02
5 0.17853E-02 0.70223E-09 0.20275E-02 0.16904E-02
6 0.17782E-02 0.39413E-07 0.20123E-02 0.20502E-02
7 0.17399E-02 0.21578E-05 0.19526E-02 0.23993E-02
8 0.16411E-02 0.92359E-04 0.17255E-02 0.22475E-02
9 0.18904E-02 0.14398E-02 0.15791E-02 0.11462E-02
10 0.19970E-03 0.13677E-02 0.42719E-03 0.12212E-02
11 0.17166E-04 0.13535E-02 0.92459E-04 0.12414E-02
19 0.36363E-13 0.13706E-02 0.27375E-09 0.12028E-02
20 0.30028E-14 0.17185E-02 0.47656E-10 0.93936E-03

**** MOLE-Y-PROFILE ****

STAGE C3H8 N2 C2H4 C3H6 CH4

E-9
 1 0.26562E-11 0.21261E-01 0.72487E-02 0.22288E-10 0.25981
2 0.13375E-07 0.71006E-02 0.39828 0.68259E-07 0.42238
4 0.32873E-05 0.39461E-02 0.79407 0.99057E-05 0.72777E-01
5 0.29753E-04 0.38918E-02 0.80976 0.70509E-04 0.58272E-01
6 0.26148E-03 0.38855E-02 0.81175 0.48798E-03 0.55537E-01
7 0.22681E-02 0.39130E-02 0.80582 0.33353E-02 0.55328E-01
8 0.18587E-01 0.40962E-02 0.76265 0.21595E-01 0.57192E-01
9 0.11009 0.47186E-02 0.56189 0.10257 0.63605E-01
10 0.13253 0.10914E-02 0.67435 0.12272 0.46920E-01
11 0.13771 0.21258E-03 0.70232 0.12737 0.27161E-01
19 0.16177 0.30406E-09 0.68600 0.14961 0.15557E-03
20 0.22127 0.49524E-10 0.57808 0.19830 0.59509E-04

**** MOLE-Y-PROFILE ****

STAGE H2 H2O CO CO2
1 0.55091 0.00000E+00 0.16077 0.21584E-05
2 0.11179 0.00000E+00 0.60172E-01 0.27396E-03
4 0.98170E-01 0.17306E-12 0.30104E-01 0.91599E-03
5 0.97197E-01 0.10236E-10 0.29638E-01 0.11427E-02
6 0.97104E-01 0.58033E-09 0.29582E-01 0.13973E-02
7 0.97854E-01 0.32518E-07 0.29788E-01 0.16919E-02
8 0.10275 0.17609E-05 0.31164E-01 0.19583E-02
9 0.11945 0.72549E-04 0.35837E-01 0.17659E-02
10 0.10984E-01 0.99436E-04 0.91752E-02 0.21413E-02
11 0.91798E-03 0.10602E-03 0.19637E-02 0.22348E-02
19 0.18782E-11 0.12703E-03 0.58297E-08 0.23362E-02
20 0.14757E-12 0.21091E-03 0.10274E-08 0.20808E-02

**** K-VALUES ****

STAGE C3H8 N2 C2H4 C3H6 CH4
1 0.15969E-03 5.8237 0.14687E-01 0.26256E-03 0.56238
2 0.34941E-01 15.345 0.45641 0.46238E-01 3.5228
4 0.91290E-01 16.477 0.81151 0.11608 4.5797
5 0.94034E-01 16.498 0.82567 0.11941 4.6140
6 0.95114E-01 16.589 0.83241 0.12071 4.6422
7 0.99585E-01 17.211 0.86376 0.12604 4.8022
8 0.13262 20.308 1.0691 0.16538 5.7022
9 0.29018 25.120 1.7941 0.34996 7.8710
10 0.36114 23.602 1.9887 0.43094 7.9337
11 0.37758 23.305 2.0308 0.44959 7.9469
19 0.42307 23.296 2.1670 0.50126 8.1603
20 0.51375 23.464 2.4277 0.60360 8.5872

**** K-VALUES ****

STAGE H2 H2O CO CO2
1 114.71 0.21845E-05 4.5079 0.63449E-02
2 67.859 0.34807E-02 13.273 0.33769
4 54.855 0.13970E-01 14.588 0.66254
5 54.442 0.14576E-01 14.618 0.67601
6 54.608 0.14724E-01 14.701 0.68154
7 56.240 0.15070E-01 15.256 0.70518
8 62.610 0.19066E-01 18.061 0.87133
9 63.186 0.50388E-01 22.695 1.5407
10 55.005 0.72703E-01 21.478 1.7535
11 53.476 0.78328E-01 21.239 1.8003
19 51.651 0.92681E-01 21.296 1.9423
20 49.143 0.12273 21.559 2.2151

**** MASS-X-PROFILE ****

STAGE C3H8 N2 C2H4 C3H6 CH4
1 0.32768E-07 0.45689E-02 0.61858 0.15958E-06 0.33112

E-10
 2 0.63496E-06 0.48763E-03 0.92091 0.23369E-05 0.72358E-01
4 0.57036E-04 0.24099E-03 0.98602 0.12899E-03 0.91573E-02
5 0.50016E-03 0.23689E-03 0.98628 0.89073E-03 0.72632E-02
6 0.43300E-02 0.23435E-03 0.97714 0.60762E-02 0.68553E-02
7 0.35062E-01 0.22234E-03 0.91367 0.38874E-01 0.64525E-02
8 0.19310 0.17655E-03 0.62526 0.17169 0.50274E-02
9 0.43899 0.13808E-03 0.23056 0.32365 0.34019E-02
10 0.42736 0.34212E-04 0.25124 0.31647 0.25057E-02
11 0.42498 0.67522E-05 0.25637 0.31503 0.14489E-02
19 0.43933 0.95268E-11 0.23140 0.32725 0.79686E-05
20 0.47998 0.14942E-11 0.16882 0.34937 0.28097E-05

**** MASS-X-PROFILE ****

STAGE H2 H2O CO CO2
1 0.43251E-03 0.00000E+00 0.44629E-01 0.66884E-03
2 0.12492E-03 0.19479E-14 0.47766E-02 0.13431E-02
4 0.12958E-03 0.80163E-11 0.20762E-02 0.21855E-02
5 0.12901E-03 0.45350E-09 0.20359E-02 0.26668E-02
6 0.12803E-03 0.25361E-07 0.20132E-02 0.32229E-02
7 0.12245E-03 0.13571E-05 0.19093E-02 0.36862E-02
8 0.10337E-03 0.51987E-04 0.15101E-02 0.30905E-02
9 0.10000E-03 0.68065E-03 0.11607E-02 0.13237E-02
10 0.10632E-04 0.65072E-03 0.31602E-03 0.14194E-02
11 0.91443E-06 0.64432E-03 0.68435E-04 0.14437E-02
19 0.19100E-14 0.64334E-03 0.19979E-09 0.13792E-02
20 0.15298E-15 0.78239E-03 0.33735E-10 0.10448E-02

**** MASS-Y-PROFILE ****

STAGE C3H8 N2 C2H4 C3H6 CH4
1 0.11070E-10 0.56289E-01 0.19219E-01 0.88638E-10 0.39393
2 0.29385E-07 0.99102E-02 0.55668 0.14311E-06 0.33761
4 0.58838E-05 0.44869E-02 0.90421 0.16919E-04 0.47390E-01
5 0.52815E-04 0.43888E-02 0.91448 0.11944E-03 0.37633E-01
6 0.46325E-03 0.43730E-02 0.91492 0.82500E-03 0.35796E-01
7 0.40087E-02 0.43935E-02 0.90606 0.56253E-02 0.35575E-01
8 0.32367E-01 0.45315E-02 0.84492 0.35887E-01 0.36234E-01
9 0.17711 0.48224E-02 0.57508 0.15747 0.37227E-01
10 0.18800 0.98360E-03 0.60860 0.16613 0.24216E-01
11 0.19136 0.18765E-03 0.62087 0.16890 0.13731E-01
19 0.21761 0.25983E-09 0.58706 0.19205 0.76131E-04
20 0.28352 0.40312E-10 0.47122 0.24246 0.27740E-04

**** MASS-Y-PROFILE ****

STAGE H2 H2O CO CO2
1 0.10496 0.00000E+00 0.42559 0.89774E-05
2 0.11227E-01 0.00000E+00 0.83972E-01 0.60069E-03
4 0.80326E-02 0.12655E-12 0.34226E-01 0.16363E-02
5 0.78875E-02 0.74231E-11 0.33419E-01 0.20244E-02
6 0.78645E-02 0.42004E-09 0.33290E-01 0.24707E-02
7 0.79062E-02 0.23479E-07 0.33442E-01 0.29844E-02
8 0.81800E-02 0.12528E-05 0.34473E-01 0.34036E-02
9 0.87850E-02 0.47683E-04 0.36622E-01 0.28354E-02
10 0.71235E-03 0.57629E-04 0.82679E-02 0.30318E-02
11 0.58314E-04 0.60184E-04 0.17333E-02 0.30993E-02
19 0.11550E-12 0.69808E-04 0.49812E-08 0.31364E-02
20 0.86436E-14 0.11040E-03 0.83619E-09 0.26609E-02

********************************

E-11
 ***** HYDRAULIC PARAMETERS *****
********************************

*** DEFINITIONS ***

MARANGONI INDEX = SIGMA - SIGMATO

FLOW PARAM = (ML/MV)*SQRT(RHOV/RHOL)
QR = QV*SQRT(RHOV/(RHOL-RHOV))
F FACTOR = QV*SQRT(RHOV)
WHERE:
SIGMA IS THE SURFACE TENSION OF LIQUID FROM THE STAGE
SIGMATO IS THE SURFACE TENSION OF LIQUID TO THE STAGE
ML IS THE MASS FLOW OF LIQUID FROM THE STAGE
MV IS THE MASS FLOW OF VAPOR TO THE STAGE
RHOL IS THE MASS DENSITY OF LIQUID FROM THE STAGE
RHOV IS THE MASS DENSITY OF VAPOR TO THE STAGE
QV IS THE VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE OF VAPOR TO THE STAGE

TEMPERATURE
C
STAGE LIQUID FROM VAPOR TO
1 -131.44 -67.400
2 -67.400 -51.158
4 -47.815 -47.138
5 -47.138 -46.810
6 -46.810 -45.298
7 -45.298 -36.418
8 -36.418 -11.228
9 -11.228 23.802
10 -4.4281 -2.9161
11 -2.9161 -2.3618
19 1.4536 9.5163
20 9.5163 9.5163

MASS FLOW VOLUME FLOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT

KG/HR CUM/HR
STAGE LIQUID FROM VAPOR TO LIQUID FROM VAPOR TO LIQUID FROM VAPOR TO
1 45806. 51081. 91.156 2536.1 22.383 20.071
2 59283. 64558. 128.31 2845.4 26.584 23.660
4 66008. 71283. 149.35 3011.4 27.840 24.841
5 66215. 71491. 150.01 3018.9 27.896 24.890
6 65823. 71099. 148.85 3025.6 27.997 24.950
7 63362. 68637. 141.45 3043.0 28.645 25.322
8 58440. 63715. 124.31 2958.1 32.005 27.410
9 56187. 61463. 116.63 2891.4 38.109 31.152
10 59069. 10769. 126.53 421.00 37.865 31.734
11 59735. 11436. 128.80 443.64 37.844 31.957
19 60902. 12603. 132.26 469.82 38.380 34.415
20 48300. 12603. 105.97 469.82 39.569 34.415

DENSITY VISCOSITY SURFACE TENSION

KG/CUM CP DYNE/CM
STAGE LIQUID FROM VAPOR TO LIQUID FROM VAPOR TO LIQUID FROM
1 502.50 20.142 0.13447 0.84466E-02 14.281
2 462.03 22.689 0.97059E-01 0.86153E-02 8.7354
4 441.96 23.671 0.86187E-01 0.86685E-02 6.7259
5 441.39 23.681 0.85879E-01 0.86770E-02 6.6565

E-12
 6 442.20 23.499 0.86141E-01 0.87204E-02 6.6716
7 447.94 22.556 0.88349E-01 0.89623E-02 6.8618
8 470.10 21.540 0.98510E-01 0.95095E-02 7.7388
9 481.76 21.257 0.10657 0.10080E-01 8.4143
10 466.85 25.580 0.98158E-01 0.94588E-02 7.3843
11 463.79 25.777 0.96570E-01 0.94570E-02 7.1710
19 460.49 26.824 0.95084E-01 0.95824E-02 6.9703
20 455.80 26.824 0.93374E-01 0.95824E-02 6.8167

MARANGONI INDEX FLOW PARAM QR REDUCED F-FACTOR

STAGE DYNE/CM CUM/HR (GM-L)**.5/MIN
1 0.17953 518.24 0.18970E+06
2 -5.5456 0.20349 646.61 0.22589E+06
4 -.37695 0.21430 716.37 0.24419E+06
5 -.69390E-01 0.21453 718.81 0.24485E+06
6 0.15045E-01 0.21342 716.78 0.24445E+06
7 0.19021 0.20715 700.71 0.24087E+06
8 0.87696 0.19633 648.21 0.22881E+06
9 0.67550 0.19203 621.21 0.22218E+06
10 -1.0300 1.2839 101.36 35488.
11 -.21331 1.2315 107.62 37540.
19 -.39655E-01 1.1663 116.85 40555.
20 -.15356 0.92973 117.48 40555.

***************************************
***** PACKING SIZING CALCULATIONS *****
***************************************

*******************
*** SECTION 1 ***
*******************

STARTING STAGE NUMBER 2

ENDING STAGE NUMBER 19
CAPACITY CALCULATION METHOD VENDOR
PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION METHOD VENDOR
LIQUID HOLDUP CALCULATION METHOD VENDOR
PRESSURE PROFILE UPDATED NO

DESIGN PARAMETERS
-----------------
OVERDESIGN FACTOR 1.00000
SYSTEM FOAMING FACTOR 1.00000
FRAC. APP. TO MAXIMUM CAPACITY 1.00000
MAXIMUM CAPACITY FACTOR M/SEC MISSING
DESIGN CAPACITY FACTOR M/SEC MISSING
PRESSURE DROP FOR THE SECTION BAR MISSING
PRESSURE DROP PER UNIT HEIGHT MM-WATER/M MISSING

PACKING SPECIFICATIONS
----------------------
PACKING TYPE PALL-RING
PACKING MATERIAL METAL
PACKING SIZE 50-MM
VENDOR RASCHIG
PACKING SURFACE AREA SQCM/CC 1.05000

E-13
 PACKING VOID FRACTION 0.96000
HETP METER 0.85000
PACKING HEIGHT METER 15.3000

***** SIZING RESULTS *****

COLUMN DIAMETER METER 2.15301

MAXIMUM FRACTIONAL CAPACITY 1.00000
MAXIMUM CAPACITY FACTOR M/SEC 0.054844
PRESSURE DROP FOR THE SECTION BAR 0.0052721
AVERAGE PRESSURE DROP/HEIGHT MM-WATER/M 3.51378
MAXIMUM LIQUID HOLDUP/STAGE CUM 0.14234

**** RATING PROFILES AT MAXIMUM COLUMN DIAMETER ****

HEIGHT
FROM TOP FRACTIONAL PRESSURE PRESSURE LIQUID
STAGE OF SECTION CAPACITY DROP DROP/HEIGHT HOLDUP HETP
METER BAR MM-WATER/M CUM METER
2 0.0000E+00 0.8974 0.55373E-03 6.6429 0.1292 0.8500
3 0.8500 0.9770 0.66984E-03 8.0358 0.1393 0.8500
4 1.700 0.9967 0.70300E-03 8.4337 0.1419 0.8500
5 2.550 1.000 0.70908E-03 8.5066 0.1423 0.8500
6 3.400 0.9959 0.70378E-03 8.4430 0.1416 0.8500
7 4.250 0.9666 0.66496E-03 7.9773 0.1369 0.8500
8 5.100 0.8836 0.56537E-03 6.7826 0.1265 0.8500
9 5.950 0.8380 0.52178E-03 6.2597 0.1223 0.8500
10 6.800 0.3483 0.15217E-04 0.18255 0.1250 0.8500
11 7.650 0.3592 0.17070E-04 0.20479 0.1263 0.8500
12 8.500 0.3630 0.17755E-04 0.21300 0.1268 0.8500
13 9.350 0.3648 0.18088E-04 0.21700 0.1270 0.8500
14 10.20 0.3658 0.18266E-04 0.21913 0.1271 0.8500
15 11.05 0.3663 0.18366E-04 0.22032 0.1272 0.8500
16 11.90 0.3666 0.18436E-04 0.22117 0.1272 0.8500
17 12.75 0.3671 0.18538E-04 0.22239 0.1273 0.8500
18 13.60 0.3686 0.18846E-04 0.22609 0.1275 0.8500
19 14.45 0.3743 0.20015E-04 0.24011 0.1284 0.8500

z BLOCK: T302 MODEL: RADFRAC

-------------------------------
INLETS - 305 STAGE 14
OUTLETS - 306 STAGE 1
307 STAGE 24
PROPERTY OPTION SET: RK-ASPEN REDLICH-KWONG-ASPEN EQUATION OF STATE

*** MASS AND ENERGY BALANCE ***

IN OUT RELATIVE DIFF.
TOTAL BALANCE
MOLE(KMOL/HR ) 1220.64 1220.64 0.000000E+00
MASS(KG/HR ) 48299.8 48299.8 -0.687679E-12
ENTHALPY(MMKCAL/H) -12.4911 -11.9362 -0.444288E-01

**********************
**** INPUT DATA ****

E-14
 **********************

**** INPUT PARAMETERS ****

NUMBER OF STAGES 24
ALGORITHM OPTION STANDARD
ABSORBER OPTION NO
INITIALIZATION OPTION STANDARD
HYDRAULIC PARAMETER CALCULATIONS NO
INSIDE LOOP CONVERGENCE METHOD BROYDEN
DESIGN SPECIFICATION METHOD NESTED
MAXIMUM NO. OF OUTSIDE LOOP ITERATIONS 25
MAXIMUM NO. OF INSIDE LOOP ITERATIONS 10
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF FLASH ITERATIONS 50
FLASH TOLERANCE 0.000100000
OUTSIDE LOOP CONVERGENCE TOLERANCE 0.000100000

**** COL-SPECS ****

MOLAR VAPOR DIST / TOTAL DIST 0.0

MOLAR REFLUX RATIO 0.36600
DISTILLATE TO FEED RATIO 0.24000

**** PROFILES ****

P-SPEC STAGE 1 PRES, BAR 15.0000

*******************
**** RESULTS ****
*******************

*** COMPONENT SPLIT FRACTIONS ***

OUTLET STREAMS
--------------
306 307
COMPONENT:
C3H8 .30289E-03 .99970
N2 1.0000 .50283E-12
C2H4 .99935 .64987E-03
C3H6 .29351E-02 .99706
CH4 1.0000 .61080E-08
H2 1.0000 .94838E-15
H2O .14964E-11 1.0000
CO 1.0000 .10715E-11
CO2 .99897 .10339E-02

*** SUMMARY OF KEY RESULTS ***

TOP STAGE TEMPERATURE C -39.0055

BOTTOM STAGE TEMPERATURE C 39.8810
TOP STAGE LIQUID FLOW KMOL/HR 1,102.66
BOTTOM STAGE LIQUID FLOW KMOL/HR 927.688
TOP STAGE VAPOR FLOW KMOL/HR 0.0
BOTTOM STAGE VAPOR FLOW KMOL/HR 1,234.80
MOLAR REFLUX RATIO 3.76394
MOLAR BOILUP RATIO 1.33105
CONDENSER DUTY (W/O SUBCOOL) MMKCAL/H -3.38914
REBOILER DUTY MMKCAL/H 3.94396

E-15
**** MANIPULATED VARIABLES ****

BOUNDS CALCULATED
LOWER UPPER VALUE
MOLAR REFLUX RATIO 0.10000 15.000 3.7639

**** DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS ****

NO SPEC-TYPE QUALIFIERS UNIT SPECIFIED CALCULATED

VALUE VALUE
1 MOLE-FRAC STREAMS: 306 0.99150 0.99150
COMPS: C2H4
BASE-COMPS: C3H8
O2
N2
C2H4
C3H6
CH4
H2
H2O
CO
CO2
MDEA+

**** MAXIMUM FINAL RELATIVE ERRORS ****

DEW POINT 0.63275E-07 STAGE= 14

BUBBLE POINT 0.36567E-06 STAGE= 6
COMPONENT MASS BALANCE 0.19625E-06 STAGE= 14 COMP=CH4
ENERGY BALANCE 0.29784E-07 STAGE= 5

**** PROFILES ****

**NOTE** REPORTED VALUES FOR STAGE LIQUID AND VAPOR RATES ARE THE FLOWS
FROM THE STAGE EXCLUDING ANY SIDE PRODUCT. FOR THE FIRST STAGE,
THE REPORTED VAPOR FLOW IS THE VAPOR DISTILLATE FLOW. FOR THE
LAST STAGE, THE REPORTED LIQUID FLOW IS THE LIQUID BOTTOMS FLOW.

ENTHALPY
STAGE TEMPERATURE PRESSURE KCAL/MOL HEAT DUTY
C BAR LIQUID VAPOR MMKCAL/H

1 -39.006 15.000 8.7603 11.282 -3.3891

2 -38.142 15.000 8.3896 11.189
3 -34.431 15.000 7.0230 10.956
5 -3.8103 15.000 -0.84896 7.8238
6 10.247 15.000 -3.4789 5.0304
7 16.704 15.000 -5.0012 3.1353
12 21.462 15.000 -9.8613 -0.87630
13 21.739 15.000 -10.822 -1.5585
14 22.034 15.000 -11.814 -2.2491
15 28.582 15.000 -12.804 -4.9781
22 39.487 15.000 -14.699 -10.441
23 39.654 15.000 -15.035 -10.802
24 39.881 15.000 -15.633 -11.392 3.9439

STAGE FLOW RATE FEED RATE PRODUCT RATE

KMOL/HR KMOL/HR KMOL/HR

E-16
 LIQUID VAPOR LIQUID VAPOR MIXED LIQUID VAPOR
1 1103. 0.0000E+00 292.9542
2 1070. 1396.
3 970.3 1363.
5 762.3 1121.
6 761.5 1055.
7 768.5 1054.
12 772.3 1066.
13 771.5 1065. .40890-01
14 2023. 1064. 1220.6016
15 2066. 1095.
22 2162. 1233.
23 2162. 1234.
24 927.7 1235. 927.6883

**** MASS FLOW PROFILES ****

STAGE FLOW RATE FEED RATE PRODUCT RATE

KG/HR KG/HR KG/HR
LIQUID VAPOR LIQUID VAPOR MIXED LIQUID VAPOR
1 0.3107E+05 0.0000E+00 8255.7057
2 0.3050E+05 0.3933E+05
3 0.2896E+05 0.3876E+05
5 0.2843E+05 0.3586E+05
6 0.3002E+05 0.3668E+05
7 0.3096E+05 0.3828E+05
12 0.3170E+05 0.3992E+05
13 0.3172E+05 0.3996E+05 1.4072
14 0.8327E+05 0.3997E+05 .48298+05
15 0.8660E+05 0.4322E+05
22 0.9323E+05 0.5307E+05
23 0.9330E+05 0.5319E+05
24 0.4004E+05 0.5326E+05 .40044+05

**** MOLE-X-PROFILE ****

STAGE C3H8 N2 C2H4 C3H6 CH4
1 0.54356E-03 0.87942E-11 0.99150 0.40176E-02 0.28875E-04
2 0.38956E-02 0.54437E-12 0.96849 0.23115E-01 0.58232E-05
3 0.20524E-01 0.13266E-12 0.87562 0.99205E-01 0.20184E-05
5 0.14590 0.10192E-12 0.36284 0.48914 0.10752E-05
6 0.20206 0.10578E-12 0.21851 0.57827 0.10117E-05
7 0.24193 0.10669E-12 0.16250 0.59479 0.97730E-06
12 0.39946 0.10776E-12 0.13101 0.46888 0.95250E-06
13 0.43126 0.10807E-12 0.13055 0.43732 0.95305E-06
14 0.46266 0.10814E-12 0.13006 0.40553 0.95245E-06
15 0.48660 0.88317E-14 0.79403E-01 0.43245 0.19079E-06
22 0.53735 0.00000E+00 0.98859E-03 0.46044 0.17246E-11
23 0.54830 0.00000E+00 0.47474E-03 0.44985 0.32009E-12
24 0.56654 0.00000E+00 0.20361E-03 0.43099 0.55695E-13

**** MOLE-X-PROFILE ****

STAGE H2 H2O CO CO2
1 0.12512E-13 0.10715E-13 0.19857E-09 0.39099E-02
2 0.00000E+00 0.41303E-12 0.13725E-10 0.44960E-02
3 0.00000E+00 0.11819E-10 0.34143E-11 0.46474E-02
5 0.00000E+00 0.23222E-08 0.25364E-11 0.21194E-02
6 0.00000E+00 0.13594E-07 0.26070E-11 0.11680E-02
7 0.00000E+00 0.63940E-07 0.26184E-11 0.78351E-03
12 0.00000E+00 0.76524E-04 0.26358E-11 0.56723E-03
13 0.00000E+00 0.30226E-03 0.26428E-11 0.56428E-03
14 0.00000E+00 0.11824E-02 0.26441E-11 0.56151E-03

E-17
 15 0.00000E+00 0.11846E-02 0.23231E-12 0.36177E-03
22 0.00000E+00 0.12154E-02 0.00000E+00 0.58507E-05
23 0.00000E+00 0.13754E-02 0.00000E+00 0.28948E-05
24 0.00000E+00 0.22611E-02 0.00000E+00 0.12779E-05

**** MOLE-Y-PROFILE ****

STAGE C3H8 N2 C2H4 C3H6 CH4
1 0.74134E-04 0.13916E-09 0.99576 0.68346E-03 0.14055E-03
2 0.54356E-03 0.87942E-11 0.99150 0.40176E-02 0.28875E-04
3 0.31750E-02 0.23178E-11 0.97343 0.19010E-01 0.10778E-04
5 0.53922E-01 0.23758E-11 0.72701 0.21531 0.84941E-05
6 0.10554 0.25150E-11 0.53737 0.35446 0.87929E-05
7 0.14607 0.25195E-11 0.43326 0.41873 0.87525E-05
12 0.26686 0.24953E-11 0.36799 0.36364 0.86275E-05
13 0.28975 0.24966E-11 0.36766 0.34103 0.86316E-05
14 0.31273 0.24968E-11 0.36749 0.31807 0.86356E-05
15 0.37468 0.19973E-12 0.24005 0.38397 0.17592E-05
22 0.50371 0.00000E+00 0.32831E-02 0.49261 0.16053E-10
23 0.51542 0.00000E+00 0.15785E-02 0.48257 0.29788E-11
24 0.53459 0.00000E+00 0.67843E-03 0.46401 0.51873E-12

**** MOLE-Y-PROFILE ****

STAGE H2 H2O CO CO2
1 0.57908E-12 0.00000E+00 0.28136E-08 0.33412E-02
2 0.12512E-13 0.10715E-13 0.19857E-09 0.39099E-02
3 0.28981E-14 0.32655E-12 0.53460E-10 0.43700E-02
5 0.33108E-14 0.17449E-09 0.53847E-10 0.37484E-02
6 0.35179E-14 0.16775E-08 0.56958E-10 0.26165E-02
7 0.35271E-14 0.98173E-08 0.57048E-10 0.19298E-02
12 0.34956E-14 0.13892E-04 0.56489E-10 0.14890E-02
13 0.34975E-14 0.55479E-04 0.56520E-10 0.14865E-02
14 0.34947E-14 0.21908E-03 0.56527E-10 0.14850E-02
15 0.00000E+00 0.26864E-03 0.48836E-11 0.10360E-02
22 0.00000E+00 0.37766E-03 0.00000E+00 0.18741E-04
23 0.00000E+00 0.42950E-03 0.00000E+00 0.92871E-05
24 0.00000E+00 0.70988E-03 0.00000E+00 0.41096E-05

**** K-VALUES ****

STAGE C3H8 N2 C2H4 C3H6 CH4
1 0.13639 15.824 1.0043 0.17012 4.8675
2 0.13953 16.155 1.0238 0.17381 4.9586
3 0.15470 17.471 1.1117 0.19162 5.3402
5 0.36959 23.309 2.0037 0.44018 7.9002
6 0.52235 23.777 2.4593 0.61297 8.6914
7 0.60377 23.615 2.6663 0.70400 8.9558
12 0.66804 23.155 2.8088 0.77555 9.0577
13 0.67188 23.102 2.8162 0.77983 9.0568
14 0.67593 23.089 2.8255 0.78433 9.0667
15 0.76999 22.615 3.0232 0.88788 9.2205
22 0.93739 21.421 3.3210 1.0699 9.3080
23 0.94003 21.394 3.3250 1.0727 9.3063
24 0.94361 21.391 3.3321 1.0766 9.3136

**** K-VALUES ****

STAGE H2 H2O CO CO2
1 46.284 0.25693E-01 14.170 0.85453
2 47.098 0.25942E-01 14.467 0.86964
3 50.048 0.27628E-01 15.658 0.94032
5 53.837 0.75138E-01 21.230 1.7686
6 49.656 0.12340 21.848 2.2401
7 47.184 0.15354 21.787 2.4630

E-18
 12 44.762 0.18154 21.431 2.6251
13 44.568 0.18355 21.387 2.6344
14 44.460 0.18529 21.378 2.6447
15 41.770 0.22677 21.022 2.8638
22 37.036 0.31073 20.042 3.2033
23 36.952 0.31228 20.019 3.2082
24 36.905 0.31395 20.018 3.2158

**** MASS-X-PROFILE ****

STAGE C3H8 N2 C2H4 C3H6 CH4
1 0.85055E-03 0.87419E-11 0.98703 0.59993E-02 0.16438E-04
2 0.60248E-02 0.53485E-12 0.95292 0.34115E-01 0.32765E-05
3 0.30321E-01 0.12451E-12 0.82297 0.13986 0.10848E-05
5 0.17253 0.76569E-13 0.27298 0.55199 0.46257E-06
6 0.22600 0.75159E-13 0.15548 0.61722 0.41167E-06
7 0.26479 0.74182E-13 0.11314 0.62121 0.38914E-06
12 0.42914 0.73544E-13 0.89542E-01 0.48068 0.37227E-06
13 0.46256 0.73637E-13 0.89085E-01 0.44762 0.37189E-06
14 0.49565 0.73595E-13 0.88644E-01 0.41459 0.37122E-06
15 0.51186 0.59019E-14 0.53138E-01 0.43411 0.73015E-07
22 0.54951 0.00000E+00 0.64316E-03 0.44933 0.64164E-12
23 0.56038 0.00000E+00 0.30868E-03 0.43874 0.11902E-12
24 0.57876 0.00000E+00 0.13233E-03 0.42016 0.20700E-13

**** MASS-X-PROFILE ****

STAGE H2 H2O CO CO2
1 0.89500E-15 0.68498E-14 0.19737E-09 0.61061E-02
2 0.00000E+00 0.26097E-12 0.13484E-10 0.69398E-02
3 0.00000E+00 0.71336E-11 0.32040E-11 0.68522E-02
5 0.00000E+00 0.11219E-08 0.19052E-11 0.25014E-02
6 0.00000E+00 0.62117E-08 0.18522E-11 0.13038E-02
7 0.00000E+00 0.28590E-07 0.18204E-11 0.85584E-03
12 0.00000E+00 0.33586E-04 0.17987E-11 0.60816E-03
13 0.00000E+00 0.13245E-03 0.18005E-11 0.60405E-03
14 0.00000E+00 0.51748E-03 0.17993E-11 0.60036E-03
15 0.00000E+00 0.50910E-03 0.15523E-12 0.37980E-03
22 0.00000E+00 0.50777E-03 0.00000E+00 0.59713E-05
23 0.00000E+00 0.57427E-03 0.00000E+00 0.29528E-05
24 0.00000E+00 0.94370E-03 0.00000E+00 0.13029E-05

**** MASS-Y-PROFILE ****

STAGE C3H8 N2 C2H4 C3H6 CH4
1 0.11627E-03 0.13865E-09 0.99355 0.10229E-02 0.80196E-04
2 0.85055E-03 0.87419E-11 0.98703 0.59993E-02 0.16438E-04
3 0.49227E-02 0.22829E-11 0.96018 0.28126E-01 0.60799E-05
5 0.74309E-01 0.20799E-11 0.63738 0.28315 0.42586E-05
6 0.13389 0.20269E-11 0.43369 0.42911 0.40581E-05
7 0.17744 0.19443E-11 0.33482 0.48540 0.38680E-05
12 0.31414 0.18661E-11 0.27560 0.40850 0.36949E-05
13 0.34064 0.18646E-11 0.27498 0.38260 0.36918E-05
14 0.36721 0.18625E-11 0.27453 0.35641 0.36891E-05
15 0.41865 0.14177E-12 0.17064 0.40942 0.71512E-06
22 0.51606 0.00000E+00 0.21399E-02 0.48162 0.59834E-11
23 0.52749 0.00000E+00 0.10278E-02 0.47129 0.11091E-11
24 0.54655 0.00000E+00 0.44127E-03 0.45271 0.19294E-12

**** MASS-Y-PROFILE ****

STAGE H2 H2O CO CO2
1 0.41519E-13 0.00000E+00 0.28031E-08 0.52299E-02
2 0.89500E-15 0.68498E-14 0.19737E-09 0.61061E-02
3 0.20542E-15 0.20684E-12 0.52651E-10 0.67622E-02

E-19
 5 0.20857E-15 0.98237E-10 0.47136E-10 0.51554E-02
6 0.20401E-15 0.86941E-09 0.45898E-10 0.33127E-02
7 0.19587E-15 0.48720E-08 0.44019E-10 0.23395E-02
12 0.18812E-15 0.66813E-05 0.42240E-10 0.17494E-02
13 0.18797E-15 0.26646E-04 0.42207E-10 0.17442E-02
14 0.18760E-15 0.10510E-03 0.42162E-10 0.17403E-02
15 0.00000E+00 0.12263E-03 0.34662E-11 0.11553E-02
22 0.00000E+00 0.15807E-03 0.00000E+00 0.19163E-04
23 0.00000E+00 0.17958E-03 0.00000E+00 0.94859E-05
24 0.00000E+00 0.29650E-03 0.00000E+00 0.41932E-05

********************************
***** HYDRAULIC PARAMETERS *****
********************************

*** DEFINITIONS ***

MARANGONI INDEX = SIGMA - SIGMATO

FLOW PARAM = (ML/MV)*SQRT(RHOV/RHOL)
QR = QV*SQRT(RHOV/(RHOL-RHOV))
F FACTOR = QV*SQRT(RHOV)
WHERE:
SIGMA IS THE SURFACE TENSION OF LIQUID FROM THE STAGE
SIGMATO IS THE SURFACE TENSION OF LIQUID TO THE STAGE
ML IS THE MASS FLOW OF LIQUID FROM THE STAGE
MV IS THE MASS FLOW OF VAPOR TO THE STAGE
RHOL IS THE MASS DENSITY OF LIQUID FROM THE STAGE
RHOV IS THE MASS DENSITY OF VAPOR TO THE STAGE
QV IS THE VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE OF VAPOR TO THE STAGE

TEMPERATURE
C
STAGE LIQUID FROM VAPOR TO
1 -39.006 -38.142
2 -38.142 -34.431
3 -34.431 -22.714
5 -3.8103 10.247
6 10.247 16.704
7 16.704 19.256
12 21.462 21.739
13 21.739 22.033
14 22.034 28.582
15 28.582 33.141
22 39.487 39.654
23 39.654 39.881
24 39.881 39.881

MASS FLOW VOLUME FLOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT

KG/HR CUM/HR
STAGE LIQUID FROM VAPOR TO LIQUID FROM VAPOR TO LIQUID FROM VAPOR TO
1 39330. 39330. 92.255 1439.6 28.181 28.181
2 30504. 38759. 70.985 1440.5 28.512 28.441
3 28961. 37217. 65.600 1428.4 29.849 29.462
5 28425. 36681. 60.891 1353.8 37.289 34.761
6 30024. 38280. 65.303 1373.0 39.425 36.301

E-20
 7 30964. 39220. 68.141 1389.1 40.291 36.948
12 31700. 39956. 70.855 1401.6 41.047 37.509
13 31719. 39974. 71.024 1401.8 41.113 37.554
14 83268. 43224. 186.73 1454.6 41.162 39.464
15 86596. 46552. 197.06 1516.7 41.920 40.905
22 93233. 53189. 218.43 1647.8 43.121 43.087
23 93303. 53259. 218.77 1648.9 43.146 43.132
24 40044. 53259. 93.977 1648.9 43.165 43.132

DENSITY VISCOSITY SURFACE TENSION

KG/CUM CP DYNE/CM
STAGE LIQUID FROM VAPOR TO LIQUID FROM VAPOR TO LIQUID FROM
1 426.32 27.320 0.79657E-01 0.87518E-02 5.6008
2 429.72 26.907 0.80715E-01 0.88425E-02 5.7009
3 441.48 26.054 0.84768E-01 0.91053E-02 6.0842
5 466.82 27.094 0.95935E-01 0.95973E-02 7.1105
6 459.76 27.880 0.93297E-01 0.96431E-02 6.8369
7 454.41 28.235 0.91329E-01 0.96559E-02 6.6429
12 447.39 28.507 0.89391E-01 0.96580E-02 6.3749
13 446.59 28.516 0.89278E-01 0.96582E-02 6.3618
14 445.94 29.716 0.89339E-01 0.96764E-02 6.3904
15 439.45 30.694 0.86943E-01 0.96822E-02 6.0332
22 426.84 32.279 0.82674E-01 0.96808E-02 5.2695
23 426.49 32.299 0.82622E-01 0.96798E-02 5.2641
24 426.11 32.299 0.82710E-01 0.96798E-02 5.2980

MARANGONI INDEX FLOW PARAM QR REDUCED F-FACTOR

STAGE DYNE/CM CUM/HR (GM-L)**.5/MIN
1 0.25315 376.70 0.12541E+06
2 0.10014 0.19693 372.30 0.12454E+06
3 0.38327 0.18904 357.73 0.12152E+06
5 0.24154 0.18669 336.06 0.11745E+06
6 -.27369 0.19314 348.85 0.12083E+06
7 -.19399 0.19680 357.54 0.12302E+06
12 -.24455E-01 0.20027 365.64 0.12472E+06
13 -.13079E-01 0.20050 366.11 0.12476E+06
14 -.27115 0.49729 388.66 0.13215E+06
15 -.35717 0.49162 415.61 0.14004E+06
22 -.14371E-01 0.48203 471.31 0.15603E+06
23 -.54286E-02 0.48211 472.01 0.15619E+06
24 0.33986E-01 0.20701 472.23 0.15619E+06

***************************************
***** PACKING SIZING CALCULATIONS *****
***************************************

*******************
*** SECTION 1 ***
*******************

STARTING STAGE NUMBER 2

ENDING STAGE NUMBER 23
CAPACITY CALCULATION METHOD VENDOR
PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION METHOD VENDOR
LIQUID HOLDUP CALCULATION METHOD VENDOR

E-21
 PRESSURE PROFILE UPDATED NO

DESIGN PARAMETERS
-----------------
OVERDESIGN FACTOR 1.00000
SYSTEM FOAMING FACTOR 1.00000
FRAC. APP. TO MAXIMUM CAPACITY 1.00000
MAXIMUM CAPACITY FACTOR M/SEC MISSING
DESIGN CAPACITY FACTOR M/SEC MISSING
PRESSURE DROP FOR THE SECTION BAR MISSING
PRESSURE DROP PER UNIT HEIGHT MM-WATER/M MISSING

PACKING SPECIFICATIONS
----------------------
PACKING TYPE PALL-RING
PACKING MATERIAL METAL
PACKING SIZE 50-MM
VENDOR RASCHIG
PACKING SURFACE AREA SQCM/CC 1.05000
PACKING VOID FRACTION 0.96000
HETP METER 0.85000
PACKING HEIGHT METER 18.7000

***** SIZING RESULTS *****

COLUMN DIAMETER METER 1.94576

MAXIMUM FRACTIONAL CAPACITY 1.00000
MAXIMUM CAPACITY FACTOR M/SEC 0.044094
PRESSURE DROP FOR THE SECTION BAR 0.0081824
AVERAGE PRESSURE DROP/HEIGHT MM-WATER/M 4.46187
MAXIMUM LIQUID HOLDUP/STAGE CUM 0.16720

**** RATING PROFILES AT MAXIMUM COLUMN DIAMETER ****

HEIGHT
FROM TOP FRACTIONAL PRESSURE PRESSURE LIQUID
STAGE OF SECTION CAPACITY DROP DROP/HEIGHT HOLDUP HETP
METER BAR MM-WATER/M CUM METER
2 0.0000E+00 0.6166 0.21921E-03 2.6298 0.7964E-01 0.8500
3 0.8500 0.5882 0.20521E-03 2.4618 0.7595E-01 0.8500
4 1.700 0.5503 0.18697E-03 2.2430 0.7207E-01 0.8500
5 2.550 0.5506 0.18890E-03 2.2662 0.7317E-01 0.8500
6 3.400 0.5731 0.20308E-03 2.4362 0.7639E-01 0.8500
7 4.250 0.5881 0.21265E-03 2.5511 0.7840E-01 0.8500
8 5.100 0.5950 0.21703E-03 2.6037 0.7932E-01 0.8500
9 5.950 0.5980 0.21890E-03 2.6260 0.7974E-01 0.8500
10 6.800 0.5997 0.21980E-03 2.6368 0.7999E-01 0.8500
11 7.650 0.6008 0.22036E-03 2.6436 0.8017E-01 0.8500
12 8.500 0.6017 0.22078E-03 2.6487 0.8032E-01 0.8500
13 9.350 0.6024 0.22107E-03 2.6521 0.8045E-01 0.8500
14 10.20 0.8500 0.39393E-03 4.7258 0.1499 0.8500
15 11.05 0.8986 0.46044E-03 5.5238 0.1552 0.8500
16 11.90 0.9373 0.51993E-03 6.2374 0.1595 0.8500
17 12.75 0.9634 0.56414E-03 6.7678 0.1626 0.8500
18 13.60 0.9793 0.59291E-03 7.1129 0.1645 0.8500
19 14.45 0.9884 0.61012E-03 7.3194 0.1657 0.8500
20 15.30 0.9936 0.62001E-03 7.4381 0.1663 0.8500
21 16.15 0.9966 0.62577E-03 7.5071 0.1667 0.8500
22 17.00 0.9986 0.62939E-03 7.5505 0.1670 0.8500

E-22
23 17.85 1.000 0.63178E-03 7.5792 0.1672 0.8500

z BLOCK: T303 MODEL: RADFRAC

-------------------------------
INLETS - 309 STAGE 93
OUTLETS - 310 STAGE 1
311 STAGE 156
PROPERTY OPTION SET: RK-ASPEN REDLICH-KWONG-ASPEN EQUATION OF STATE

*** MASS AND ENERGY BALANCE ***

IN OUT RELATIVE DIFF.
TOTAL BALANCE
MOLE(KMOL/HR ) 1215.55 1215.55 0.000000E+00
MASS(KG/HR ) 52408.6 52408.6 0.132154E-11
ENTHALPY(MMKCAL/H) -19.9753 -18.8269 -0.574924E-01

**********************
**** INPUT DATA ****
**********************

**** INPUT PARAMETERS ****

NUMBER OF STAGES 156

ALGORITHM OPTION STANDARD
ABSORBER OPTION NO
INITIALIZATION OPTION STANDARD
HYDRAULIC PARAMETER CALCULATIONS NO
INSIDE LOOP CONVERGENCE METHOD BROYDEN
DESIGN SPECIFICATION METHOD NESTED
MAXIMUM NO. OF OUTSIDE LOOP ITERATIONS 200
MAXIMUM NO. OF INSIDE LOOP ITERATIONS 10
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF FLASH ITERATIONS 50
FLASH TOLERANCE 0.000100000
OUTSIDE LOOP CONVERGENCE TOLERANCE 0.000100000

**** COL-SPECS ****

MOLAR VAPOR DIST / TOTAL DIST 1.00000

MOLAR REFLUX RATIO 21.1350
DISTILLATE TO FEED RATIO 0.40100

**** PROFILES ****

P-SPEC STAGE 1 PRES, BAR 15.0000

*******************
**** RESULTS ****
*******************

*** COMPONENT SPLIT FRACTIONS ***

OUTLET STREAMS
--------------
310 311
COMPONENT:
C3H8 .25292E-03 .99975

E-23
 C2H4 1.0000 .76830E-32
C3H6 .83653 .16347
CH4 1.0000 .21693E-60
H2 1.0000 .10998E-98
H2O .55068E-51 1.0000
CO2 1.0000 .64856E-31

*** SUMMARY OF KEY RESULTS ***

TOP STAGE TEMPERATURE C 34.8061

BOTTOM STAGE TEMPERATURE C 42.7030
TOP STAGE LIQUID FLOW KMOL/HR 8,606.74
BOTTOM STAGE LIQUID FLOW KMOL/HR 808.322
TOP STAGE VAPOR FLOW KMOL/HR 407.227
BOTTOM STAGE VAPOR FLOW KMOL/HR 9,016.01
MOLAR REFLUX RATIO 21.1350
MOLAR BOILUP RATIO 11.1540
CONDENSER DUTY (W/O SUBCOOL) MMKCAL/H -27.5735
REBOILER DUTY MMKCAL/H 28.7219

**** MANIPULATED VARIABLES ****

BOUNDS CALCULATED
LOWER UPPER VALUE
DISTILLATE TO FEED RATIO 0.10000 1.0000 0.33501

**** DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS ****

NO SPEC-TYPE QUALIFIERS UNIT SPECIFIED CALCULATED

VALUE VALUE
1 MOLE-FRAC STREAMS: 311 0.90000 0.90000
COMPS: C3H8
BASE-COMPS: C3H8
O2
N2
C2H4
C3H6
CH4
H2
H2O
CO
CO2
MDEA+

**** MAXIMUM FINAL RELATIVE ERRORS ****

DEW POINT 0.77157E-11 STAGE= 1

BUBBLE POINT 0.23596E-09 STAGE= 1
COMPONENT MASS BALANCE 0.11790E-08 STAGE= 93 COMP=H2
ENERGY BALANCE 0.14340E-08 STAGE= 1

**** PROFILES ****

**NOTE** REPORTED VALUES FOR STAGE LIQUID AND VAPOR RATES ARE THE FLOWS
FROM THE STAGE EXCLUDING ANY SIDE PRODUCT. FOR THE FIRST STAGE,
THE REPORTED VAPOR FLOW IS THE VAPOR DISTILLATE FLOW. FOR THE
LAST STAGE, THE REPORTED LIQUID FLOW IS THE LIQUID BOTTOMS FLOW.

E-24
 ENTHALPY
STAGE TEMPERATURE PRESSURE KCAL/MOL HEAT DUTY
C BAR LIQUID VAPOR MMKCAL/H

1 34.806 15.000 1.2431 4.4056 -27.5734

2 35.336 15.000 1.2559 4.4449
6 35.358 15.000 1.2453 4.4356
7 35.359 15.000 1.2419 4.4326
8 35.360 15.000 1.2382 4.4294
91 39.418 15.000 -14.176 -10.002
92 39.499 15.000 -14.468 -10.293
93 39.597 15.000 -14.736 -10.560
94 39.610 15.000 -14.751 -10.578
152 42.228 15.000 -24.092 -20.407
153 42.328 15.000 -24.433 -20.781
154 42.430 15.000 -24.776 -21.154
155 42.546 15.000 -25.126 -21.526
156 42.703 15.000 -25.511 -21.906 28.7219

STAGE FLOW RATE FEED RATE PRODUCT RATE

KMOL/HR KMOL/HR KMOL/HR
LIQUID VAPOR LIQUID VAPOR MIXED LIQUID VAPOR
1 8607. 407.2 407.2269
2 8646. 9014.
6 8647. 9054.
7 8647. 9054.
8 8647. 9054.
91 8643. 9051.
92 8643. 9051. 73.3215
93 9810. 8977. 1142.2271
94 9811. 9002.
152 9831. 9021.
153 9831. 9022.
154 9830. 9023.
155 9824. 9022.
156 808.3 9016. 808.3217

**** MASS FLOW PROFILES ****

STAGE FLOW RATE FEED RATE PRODUCT RATE

KG/HR KG/HR KG/HR
LIQUID VAPOR LIQUID VAPOR MIXED LIQUID VAPOR
1 0.3621E+06 0.1698E+05 .16978+05
2 0.3638E+06 0.3791E+06
6 0.3639E+06 0.3809E+06
7 0.3639E+06 0.3809E+06
8 0.3639E+06 0.3809E+06
91 0.3728E+06 0.3896E+06
92 0.3729E+06 0.3898E+06 3054.4766
93 0.4234E+06 0.3869E+06 .49354+05
94 0.4235E+06 0.3880E+06
152 0.4306E+06 0.3949E+06
153 0.4308E+06 0.3951E+06
154 0.4309E+06 0.3954E+06
155 0.4308E+06 0.3955E+06
156 0.3543E+05 0.3954E+06 .35431+05

**** MOLE-X-PROFILE ****

STAGE C3H8 C2H4 C3H6 CH4 H2
1 0.52284E-03 0.18496E-03 0.99905 0.66747E-05 0.23199E-03
2 0.59535E-03 0.62758E-04 0.99932 0.97326E-06 0.16094E-04

E-25
 6 0.95917E-03 0.12138E-04 0.99902 0.33499E-06 0.10823E-04
7 0.10724E-02 0.11868E-04 0.99890 0.33493E-06 0.10823E-04
8 0.11961E-02 0.11789E-04 0.99878 0.33493E-06 0.10824E-04
91 0.52205 0.11406E-04 0.47789 0.34330E-06 0.11847E-04
92 0.53178 0.11398E-04 0.46809 0.34341E-06 0.11865E-04
93 0.54044 0.10050E-04 0.45925 0.22906E-06 0.36656E-05
94 0.54098 0.32977E-05 0.45872 0.26867E-07 0.10835E-06
152 0.85689 0.00000E+00 0.14277 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
153 0.86835 0.00000E+00 0.13127 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
154 0.87959 0.00000E+00 0.11987 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
155 0.89037 0.00000E+00 0.10859 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
156 0.90000 0.00000E+00 0.97405E-01 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00

**** MOLE-X-PROFILE ****

STAGE H2O CO2
1 0.00000E+00 0.94573E-06
2 0.00000E+00 0.33487E-06
6 0.00000E+00 0.63826E-07
7 0.00000E+00 0.62100E-07
8 0.00000E+00 0.61567E-07
91 0.33213E-04 0.58369E-07
92 0.10181E-03 0.58310E-07
93 0.29982E-03 0.51735E-07
94 0.29983E-03 0.17589E-07
152 0.33510E-03 0.00000E+00
153 0.38545E-03 0.00000E+00
154 0.54324E-03 0.00000E+00
155 0.10386E-02 0.00000E+00
156 0.25950E-02 0.00000E+00

**** MOLE-Y-PROFILE ****

STAGE C3H8 C2H4 C3H6 CH4 H2
1 0.45194E-03 0.59866E-03 0.98940 0.63645E-04 0.94871E-02
2 0.51963E-03 0.20365E-03 0.99862 0.92485E-05 0.65012E-03
6 0.83752E-03 0.39393E-04 0.99868 0.31829E-05 0.43702E-03
7 0.93636E-03 0.38517E-04 0.99858 0.31824E-05 0.43702E-03
8 0.10445E-02 0.38259E-04 0.99848 0.31823E-05 0.43702E-03
91 0.48879 0.37837E-04 0.51072 0.31914E-05 0.43816E-03
92 0.49859 0.37829E-04 0.50090 0.31916E-05 0.43818E-03
93 0.50754 0.33378E-04 0.49220 0.21285E-05 0.13519E-03
94 0.50815 0.10953E-04 0.49174 0.24963E-06 0.39947E-05
152 0.84042 0.00000E+00 0.15947 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
153 0.85303 0.00000E+00 0.14684 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
154 0.86551 0.00000E+00 0.13430 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
155 0.87776 0.00000E+00 0.12188 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
156 0.88951 0.00000E+00 0.10959 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00

**** MOLE-Y-PROFILE ****

STAGE H2O CO2
1 0.00000E+00 0.29111E-05
2 0.00000E+00 0.10345E-05
6 0.00000E+00 0.19721E-06
7 0.00000E+00 0.19188E-06
8 0.00000E+00 0.19023E-06
91 0.10319E-04 0.18678E-06
92 0.31719E-04 0.18673E-06
93 0.93677E-04 0.16581E-06
94 0.93719E-04 0.56380E-07
152 0.11492E-03 0.00000E+00
153 0.13263E-03 0.00000E+00
154 0.18750E-03 0.00000E+00

E-26
155 0.35940E-03 0.00000E+00
156 0.89904E-03 0.00000E+00

**** K-VALUES ****

STAGE C3H8 C2H4 C3H6 CH4 H2
1 0.86440 3.2367 0.99033 9.5352 40.894
2 0.87282 3.2449 0.99929 9.5026 40.395
6 0.87317 3.2454 0.99966 9.5017 40.378
7 0.87318 3.2454 0.99968 9.5016 40.377
8 0.87319 3.2454 0.99970 9.5016 40.376
91 0.93629 3.3172 1.0687 9.2963 36.986
92 0.93758 3.3189 1.0701 9.2936 36.932
93 0.93912 3.3211 1.0718 9.2922 36.880
94 0.93933 3.3213 1.0720 9.2915 36.870
152 0.98077 3.3660 1.1169 9.1677 34.950
153 0.98236 3.3678 1.1186 9.1640 34.886
154 0.98400 3.3701 1.1204 9.1620 34.832
155 0.98584 3.3735 1.1224 9.1654 34.809
156 0.98835 3.3811 1.1251 9.1858 34.882

**** K-VALUES ****

STAGE H2O CO2
1 0.26080 3.0782
2 0.26555 3.0893
6 0.26575 3.0899
7 0.26576 3.0899
8 0.26577 3.0899
91 0.31067 3.2001
92 0.31154 3.2023
93 0.31244 3.2051
94 0.31258 3.2053
152 0.34295 3.2723
153 0.34408 3.2748
154 0.34515 3.2777
155 0.34605 3.2815
156 0.34644 3.2882

**** MASS-X-PROFILE ****

STAGE C3H8 C2H4 C3H6 CH4 H2
1 0.54803E-03 0.12334E-03 0.99931 0.25453E-05 0.11117E-04
2 0.62388E-03 0.41839E-04 0.99933 0.37105E-06 0.77098E-06
6 0.10051E-02 0.80920E-05 0.99899 0.12771E-06 0.51847E-06
7 0.11237E-02 0.79119E-05 0.99887 0.12768E-06 0.51848E-06
8 0.12534E-02 0.78588E-05 0.99874 0.12768E-06 0.51849E-06
91 0.53373 0.74188E-05 0.46624 0.12769E-06 0.55369E-06
92 0.54345 0.74106E-05 0.45650 0.12768E-06 0.55430E-06
93 0.55213 0.65323E-05 0.44773 0.85138E-07 0.17120E-06
94 0.55267 0.21433E-05 0.44721 0.99855E-08 0.50601E-08
152 0.86269 0.00000E+00 0.13717 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
153 0.87379 0.00000E+00 0.12605 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
154 0.88472 0.00000E+00 0.11505 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
155 0.89537 0.00000E+00 0.10420 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
156 0.90542 0.00000E+00 0.93512E-01 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00

**** MASS-X-PROFILE ****

STAGE H2O CO2
1 0.00000E+00 0.98935E-06
2 0.00000E+00 0.35023E-06
6 0.00000E+00 0.66750E-07
7 0.00000E+00 0.64945E-07
8 0.00000E+00 0.64386E-07

E-27
 91 0.13873E-04 0.59558E-07
92 0.42508E-04 0.59472E-07
93 0.12514E-03 0.52750E-07
94 0.12514E-03 0.17934E-07
152 0.13783E-03 0.00000E+00
153 0.15846E-03 0.00000E+00
154 0.22323E-03 0.00000E+00
155 0.42668E-03 0.00000E+00
156 0.10666E-02 0.00000E+00

**** MASS-Y-PROFILE ****

STAGE C3H8 C2H4 C3H6 CH4 H2
1 0.47801E-03 0.40283E-03 0.99863 0.24491E-04 0.45873E-03
2 0.54489E-03 0.13586E-03 0.99928 0.35282E-05 0.31165E-04
6 0.87798E-03 0.26272E-04 0.99907 0.12139E-05 0.20944E-04
7 0.98160E-03 0.25688E-04 0.99897 0.12137E-05 0.20944E-04
8 0.10949E-02 0.25516E-04 0.99886 0.12137E-05 0.20944E-04
91 0.50071 0.24658E-04 0.49924 0.11894E-05 0.20519E-04
92 0.51051 0.24642E-04 0.48943 0.11889E-05 0.20511E-04
93 0.51933 0.21728E-04 0.48061 0.79236E-06 0.63237E-05
94 0.51987 0.71288E-05 0.48008 0.92913E-07 0.18683E-06
152 0.84665 0.00000E+00 0.15331 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
153 0.85886 0.00000E+00 0.14108 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
154 0.87096 0.00000E+00 0.12897 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
155 0.88287 0.00000E+00 0.11698 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00
156 0.89447 0.00000E+00 0.10516 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00

**** MASS-Y-PROFILE ****

STAGE H2O CO2
1 0.00000E+00 0.30730E-05
2 0.00000E+00 0.10827E-05
6 0.00000E+00 0.20634E-06
7 0.00000E+00 0.20076E-06
8 0.00000E+00 0.19903E-06
91 0.43183E-05 0.19096E-06
92 0.13268E-04 0.19082E-06
93 0.39160E-04 0.16933E-06
94 0.39171E-04 0.57567E-07
152 0.47299E-04 0.00000E+00
153 0.54554E-04 0.00000E+00
154 0.77083E-04 0.00000E+00
155 0.14768E-03 0.00000E+00
156 0.36934E-03 0.00000E+00

********************************
***** HYDRAULIC PARAMETERS *****
********************************

*** DEFINITIONS ***

MARANGONI INDEX = SIGMA - SIGMATO

FLOW PARAM = (ML/MV)*SQRT(RHOV/RHOL)
QR = QV*SQRT(RHOV/(RHOL-RHOV))
F FACTOR = QV*SQRT(RHOV)
WHERE:
SIGMA IS THE SURFACE TENSION OF LIQUID FROM THE STAGE
SIGMATO IS THE SURFACE TENSION OF LIQUID TO THE STAGE

E-28
 ML IS THE MASS FLOW OF LIQUID FROM THE STAGE
MV IS THE MASS FLOW OF VAPOR TO THE STAGE
RHOL IS THE MASS DENSITY OF LIQUID FROM THE STAGE
RHOV IS THE MASS DENSITY OF VAPOR TO THE STAGE
QV IS THE VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE OF VAPOR TO THE STAGE

TEMPERATURE
C
STAGE LIQUID FROM VAPOR TO
1 34.806 35.336
2 35.336 35.354
6 35.358 35.359
7 35.359 35.360
8 35.360 35.361
91 39.418 39.499
92 39.499 39.583
93 39.597 39.610
94 39.610 39.615
152 42.228 42.328
153 42.328 42.430
154 42.430 42.546
155 42.546 42.703
156 42.703 42.703

MASS FLOW VOLUME FLOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT

KG/HR CUM/HR
STAGE LIQUID FROM VAPOR TO LIQUID FROM VAPOR TO LIQUID FROM VAPOR TO
1 0.36208E+06 0.37906E+06 817.96 11969. 42.070 42.053
2 0.36383E+06 0.38081E+06 824.07 12020. 42.080 42.063
6 0.36389E+06 0.38087E+06 824.30 12021. 42.082 42.064
7 0.36390E+06 0.38087E+06 824.31 12021. 42.082 42.065
8 0.36390E+06 0.38088E+06 824.32 12021. 42.082 42.065
91 0.37280E+06 0.38978E+06 873.20 12077. 43.132 43.067
92 0.37293E+06 0.38991E+06 874.02 12078. 43.150 43.084
93 0.42343E+06 0.38800E+06 992.94 12012. 43.163 43.102
94 0.42348E+06 0.38805E+06 993.12 12013. 43.164 43.104
152 0.43058E+06 0.39515E+06 1030.3 12068. 43.800 43.797
153 0.43081E+06 0.39538E+06 1031.6 12070. 43.822 43.821
154 0.43095E+06 0.39552E+06 1032.6 12071. 43.841 43.841
155 0.43080E+06 0.39537E+06 1032.7 12069. 43.851 43.852
156 35431. 0.39537E+06 84.936 12069. 43.832 43.852

DENSITY VISCOSITY SURFACE TENSION

KG/CUM CP DYNE/CM
STAGE LIQUID FROM VAPOR TO LIQUID FROM VAPOR TO LIQUID FROM
1 442.66 31.671 0.85773E-01 0.97396E-02 5.7185
2 441.50 31.682 0.85343E-01 0.97399E-02 5.6567
6 441.46 31.683 0.85328E-01 0.97399E-02 5.6544
7 441.45 31.683 0.85327E-01 0.97399E-02 5.6543
8 441.45 31.683 0.85327E-01 0.97399E-02 5.6542
91 426.94 32.274 0.82453E-01 0.96803E-02 5.2049
92 426.68 32.282 0.82414E-01 0.96795E-02 5.2006
93 426.45 32.302 0.82397E-01 0.96801E-02 5.2029
94 426.41 32.303 0.82388E-01 0.96800E-02 5.2014
152 417.91 32.744 0.80592E-01 0.96340E-02 4.9314
153 417.62 32.758 0.80538E-01 0.96326E-02 4.9245
154 417.35 32.766 0.80508E-01 0.96317E-02 4.9242
155 417.14 32.758 0.80558E-01 0.96326E-02 4.9443

E-29
156 417.14 32.758 0.80855E-01 0.96326E-02 5.0282

MARANGONI INDEX FLOW PARAM QR REDUCED F-FACTOR

STAGE DYNE/CM CUM/HR (GM-L)**.5/MIN
1 0.25550 3322.4 0.11226E+07
2 -.61847E-01 0.25594 3342.0 0.11276E+07
6 -.99414E-04 0.25596 3342.7 0.11278E+07
7 -.10102E-03 0.25596 3342.7 0.11278E+07
8 -.10822E-03 0.25596 3342.7 0.11278E+07
91 -.75253E-02 0.26297 3453.7 0.11435E+07
92 -.43230E-02 0.26308 3455.5 0.11437E+07
93 -.31442E-01 0.30036 3438.7 0.11378E+07
94 -.14190E-02 0.30037 3439.2 0.11379E+07
152 -.89730E-02 0.30501 3518.6 0.11509E+07
153 -.68501E-02 0.30517 3521.3 0.11513E+07
154 -.30202E-03 0.30530 3523.4 0.11516E+07
155 0.20072E-01 0.30534 3523.4 0.11513E+07
156 0.83856E-01 0.25113E-01 3523.4 0.11513E+07

***************************************
***** PACKING SIZING CALCULATIONS *****
***************************************

*******************
*** SECTION 1 ***
*******************

STARTING STAGE NUMBER 2

ENDING STAGE NUMBER 155
CAPACITY CALCULATION METHOD VENDOR
PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION METHOD VENDOR
LIQUID HOLDUP CALCULATION METHOD VENDOR
PRESSURE PROFILE UPDATED NO

DESIGN PARAMETERS
-----------------
OVERDESIGN FACTOR 1.00000
SYSTEM FOAMING FACTOR 1.00000
FRAC. APP. TO MAXIMUM CAPACITY 1.00000
MAXIMUM CAPACITY FACTOR M/SEC MISSING
DESIGN CAPACITY FACTOR M/SEC MISSING
PRESSURE DROP FOR THE SECTION BAR MISSING
PRESSURE DROP PER UNIT HEIGHT MM-WATER/M MISSING

PACKING SPECIFICATIONS
----------------------
PACKING TYPE PALL-RING
PACKING MATERIAL METAL
PACKING SIZE 80-MM
VENDOR RASCHIG
PACKING SURFACE AREA SQCM/CC 0.78000
PACKING VOID FRACTION 0.96000
HETP METER 0.85000
PACKING HEIGHT METER 130.900

E-30
 ***** SIZING RESULTS *****

COLUMN DIAMETER METER 4.58676

MAXIMUM FRACTIONAL CAPACITY 1.00000
MAXIMUM CAPACITY FACTOR M/SEC 0.059233
PRESSURE DROP FOR THE SECTION BAR 0.11602
AVERAGE PRESSURE DROP/HEIGHT MM-WATER/M 9.03798
MAXIMUM LIQUID HOLDUP/STAGE CUM 0.71584

**** RATING PROFILES AT MAXIMUM COLUMN DIAMETER ****

HEIGHT
FROM TOP FRACTIONAL PRESSURE PRESSURE LIQUID
STAGE OF SECTION CAPACITY DROP DROP/HEIGHT HOLDUP HETP
METER BAR MM-WATER/M CUM METER
2 0.0000E+00 0.9252 0.68429E-03 8.2092 0.6172 0.8500
3 0.8500 0.9254 0.68460E-03 8.2129 0.6173 0.8500
4 1.700 0.9254 0.68463E-03 8.2132 0.6173 0.8500
5 2.550 0.9254 0.68464E-03 8.2134 0.6173 0.8500
6 3.400 0.9254 0.68465E-03 8.2135 0.6173 0.8500
7 4.250 0.9254 0.68466E-03 8.2137 0.6173 0.8500
8 5.100 0.9254 0.68467E-03 8.2138 0.6173 0.8500
9 5.950 0.9254 0.68469E-03 8.2140 0.6173 0.8500
10 6.800 0.9254 0.68470E-03 8.2141 0.6174 0.8500
11 7.650 0.9254 0.68472E-03 8.2143 0.6174 0.8500
12 8.500 0.9254 0.68473E-03 8.2145 0.6174 0.8500
13 9.350 0.9254 0.68475E-03 8.2147 0.6174 0.8500
14 10.20 0.9255 0.68477E-03 8.2149 0.6174 0.8500
15 11.05 0.9255 0.68479E-03 8.2152 0.6174 0.8500
16 11.90 0.9255 0.68481E-03 8.2155 0.6174 0.8500
17 12.75 0.9255 0.68484E-03 8.2158 0.6174 0.8500
18 13.60 0.9255 0.68487E-03 8.2161 0.6174 0.8500
19 14.45 0.9255 0.68490E-03 8.2165 0.6175 0.8500
20 15.30 0.9255 0.68493E-03 8.2168 0.6175 0.8500
21 16.15 0.9256 0.68496E-03 8.2173 0.6175 0.8500
22 17.00 0.9256 0.68500E-03 8.2178 0.6175 0.8500
23 17.85 0.9256 0.68505E-03 8.2183 0.6175 0.8500
24 18.70 0.9256 0.68509E-03 8.2188 0.6175 0.8500
25 19.55 0.9257 0.68514E-03 8.2194 0.6176 0.8500
26 20.40 0.9257 0.68520E-03 8.2201 0.6176 0.8500
27 21.25 0.9257 0.68526E-03 8.2208 0.6176 0.8500
28 22.10 0.9258 0.68533E-03 8.2216 0.6177 0.8500
29 22.95 0.9258 0.68540E-03 8.2225 0.6177 0.8500
30 23.80 0.9259 0.68548E-03 8.2235 0.6177 0.8500
31 24.65 0.9259 0.68557E-03 8.2245 0.6178 0.8500
32 25.50 0.9260 0.68566E-03 8.2256 0.6178 0.8500
33 26.35 0.9260 0.68576E-03 8.2269 0.6179 0.8500
34 27.20 0.9261 0.68588E-03 8.2282 0.6179 0.8500
35 28.05 0.9262 0.68600E-03 8.2297 0.6180 0.8500
36 28.90 0.9263 0.68613E-03 8.2313 0.6181 0.8500
37 29.75 0.9264 0.68628E-03 8.2331 0.6181 0.8500
38 30.60 0.9264 0.68644E-03 8.2350 0.6182 0.8500
39 31.45 0.9265 0.68661E-03 8.2370 0.6183 0.8500
40 32.30 0.9267 0.68680E-03 8.2393 0.6184 0.8500
41 33.15 0.9268 0.68700E-03 8.2417 0.6185 0.8500
42 34.00 0.9269 0.68722E-03 8.2444 0.6186 0.8500
43 34.85 0.9271 0.68746E-03 8.2473 0.6187 0.8500
44 35.70 0.9272 0.68773E-03 8.2504 0.6188 0.8500
45 36.55 0.9274 0.68801E-03 8.2538 0.6190 0.8500
46 37.40 0.9276 0.68832E-03 8.2575 0.6191 0.8500

E-31
 47 38.25 0.9278 0.68865E-03 8.2615 0.6193 0.8500
48 39.10 0.9280 0.68901E-03 8.2658 0.6194 0.8500
49 39.95 0.9282 0.68940E-03 8.2705 0.6196 0.8500
50 40.80 0.9284 0.68982E-03 8.2756 0.6198 0.8500
51 41.65 0.9287 0.69028E-03 8.2810 0.6200 0.8500
52 42.50 0.9290 0.69077E-03 8.2869 0.6203 0.8500
53 43.35 0.9293 0.69129E-03 8.2932 0.6205 0.8500
54 44.20 0.9296 0.69186E-03 8.3000 0.6208 0.8500
55 45.05 0.9300 0.69247E-03 8.3073 0.6211 0.8500
56 45.90 0.9304 0.69312E-03 8.3151 0.6214 0.8500
57 46.75 0.9308 0.69382E-03 8.3235 0.6217 0.8500
58 47.60 0.9312 0.69456E-03 8.3324 0.6221 0.8500
59 48.45 0.9317 0.69535E-03 8.3419 0.6224 0.8500
60 49.30 0.9322 0.69619E-03 8.3520 0.6228 0.8500
61 50.15 0.9327 0.69709E-03 8.3627 0.6233 0.8500
62 51.00 0.9332 0.69804E-03 8.3741 0.6237 0.8500
63 51.85 0.9338 0.69903E-03 8.3861 0.6242 0.8500
64 52.70 0.9344 0.70009E-03 8.3987 0.6247 0.8500
65 53.55 0.9351 0.70119E-03 8.4120 0.6252 0.8500
66 54.40 0.9357 0.70235E-03 8.4259 0.6257 0.8500
67 55.25 0.9364 0.70356E-03 8.4404 0.6263 0.8500
68 56.10 0.9372 0.70482E-03 8.4555 0.6269 0.8500
69 56.95 0.9379 0.70613E-03 8.4712 0.6275 0.8500
70 57.80 0.9387 0.70749E-03 8.4875 0.6281 0.8500
71 58.65 0.9395 0.70888E-03 8.5042 0.6287 0.8500
72 59.50 0.9403 0.71031E-03 8.5214 0.6294 0.8500
73 60.35 0.9411 0.71178E-03 8.5390 0.6300 0.8500
74 61.20 0.9419 0.71328E-03 8.5569 0.6307 0.8500
75 62.05 0.9428 0.71480E-03 8.5752 0.6314 0.8500
76 62.90 0.9437 0.71633E-03 8.5936 0.6321 0.8500
77 63.75 0.9445 0.71788E-03 8.6122 0.6328 0.8500
78 64.60 0.9454 0.71944E-03 8.6309 0.6335 0.8500
79 65.45 0.9462 0.72100E-03 8.6496 0.6341 0.8500
80 66.30 0.9471 0.72255E-03 8.6682 0.6348 0.8500
81 67.15 0.9479 0.72409E-03 8.6867 0.6355 0.8500
82 68.00 0.9488 0.72562E-03 8.7050 0.6362 0.8500
83 68.85 0.9496 0.72712E-03 8.7230 0.6368 0.8500
84 69.70 0.9504 0.72859E-03 8.7407 0.6375 0.8500
85 70.55 0.9512 0.73003E-03 8.7579 0.6381 0.8500
86 71.40 0.9520 0.73144E-03 8.7748 0.6387 0.8500
87 72.25 0.9527 0.73280E-03 8.7911 0.6393 0.8500
88 73.10 0.9534 0.73412E-03 8.8069 0.6398 0.8500
89 73.95 0.9541 0.73538E-03 8.8221 0.6404 0.8500
90 74.80 0.9547 0.73658E-03 8.8365 0.6409 0.8500
91 75.65 0.9553 0.73768E-03 8.8497 0.6414 0.8500
92 76.50 0.9558 0.73857E-03 8.8604 0.6418 0.8500
93 77.35 0.9767 0.81731E-03 9.8050 0.6968 0.8500
94 78.20 0.9768 0.81764E-03 9.8089 0.6969 0.8500
95 79.05 0.9768 0.81773E-03 9.8101 0.6969 0.8500
96 79.90 0.9769 0.81783E-03 9.8112 0.6970 0.8500
97 80.75 0.9769 0.81793E-03 9.8124 0.6970 0.8500
98 81.60 0.9770 0.81803E-03 9.8137 0.6971 0.8500
99 82.45 0.9770 0.81815E-03 9.8151 0.6971 0.8500
100 83.30 0.9771 0.81827E-03 9.8165 0.6971 0.8500
101 84.15 0.9772 0.81841E-03 9.8182 0.6972 0.8500
102 85.00 0.9772 0.81855E-03 9.8199 0.6972 0.8500
103 85.85 0.9773 0.81871E-03 9.8218 0.6973 0.8500
104 86.70 0.9774 0.81888E-03 9.8238 0.6974 0.8500
105 87.55 0.9774 0.81906E-03 9.8260 0.6974 0.8500
106 88.40 0.9775 0.81926E-03 9.8284 0.6975 0.8500
107 89.25 0.9776 0.81947E-03 9.8309 0.6976 0.8500

E-32
108 90.10 0.9777 0.81970E-03 9.8337 0.6977 0.8500
109 90.95 0.9778 0.81995E-03 9.8366 0.6978 0.8500
110 91.80 0.9780 0.82021E-03 9.8398 0.6978 0.8500
111 92.65 0.9781 0.82050E-03 9.8432 0.6980 0.8500
112 93.50 0.9782 0.82081E-03 9.8469 0.6981 0.8500
113 94.35 0.9784 0.82114E-03 9.8509 0.6982 0.8500
114 95.20 0.9785 0.82149E-03 9.8552 0.6983 0.8500
115 96.05 0.9787 0.82187E-03 9.8597 0.6985 0.8500
116 96.90 0.9789 0.82228E-03 9.8647 0.6986 0.8500
117 97.75 0.9791 0.82273E-03 9.8700 0.6988 0.8500
118 98.60 0.9793 0.82320E-03 9.8756 0.6989 0.8500
119 99.45 0.9795 0.82370E-03 9.8817 0.6991 0.8500
120 100.3 0.9798 0.82425E-03 9.8882 0.6993 0.8500
121 101.1 0.9800 0.82483E-03 9.8952 0.6995 0.8500
122 102.0 0.9803 0.82545E-03 9.9026 0.6997 0.8500
123 102.8 0.9806 0.82611E-03 9.9105 0.7000 0.8500
124 103.7 0.9809 0.82681E-03 9.9190 0.7002 0.8500
125 104.5 0.9813 0.82756E-03 9.9280 0.7005 0.8500
126 105.4 0.9816 0.82836E-03 9.9376 0.7008 0.8500
127 106.2 0.9820 0.82921E-03 9.9478 0.7011 0.8500
128 107.1 0.9824 0.83012E-03 9.9586 0.7014 0.8500
129 107.9 0.9828 0.83107E-03 9.9701 0.7018 0.8500
130 108.8 0.9833 0.83208E-03 9.9822 0.7021 0.8500
131 109.6 0.9838 0.83315E-03 9.9950 0.7025 0.8500
132 110.5 0.9843 0.83428E-03 10.009 0.7029 0.8500
133 111.3 0.9848 0.83546E-03 10.023 0.7033 0.8500
134 112.2 0.9853 0.83671E-03 10.038 0.7038 0.8500
135 113.0 0.9859 0.83802E-03 10.053 0.7042 0.8500
136 113.9 0.9865 0.83939E-03 10.070 0.7047 0.8500
137 114.7 0.9871 0.84082E-03 10.087 0.7052 0.8500
138 115.6 0.9878 0.84230E-03 10.105 0.7057 0.8500
139 116.4 0.9885 0.84385E-03 10.123 0.7063 0.8500
140 117.3 0.9892 0.84546E-03 10.143 0.7068 0.8500
141 118.1 0.9899 0.84712E-03 10.163 0.7074 0.8500
142 119.0 0.9906 0.84883E-03 10.183 0.7080 0.8500
143 119.8 0.9914 0.85059E-03 10.204 0.7086 0.8500
144 120.7 0.9922 0.85240E-03 10.226 0.7092 0.8500
145 121.5 0.9929 0.85426E-03 10.248 0.7099 0.8500
146 122.4 0.9938 0.85614E-03 10.271 0.7105 0.8500
147 123.2 0.9946 0.85807E-03 10.294 0.7112 0.8500
148 124.1 0.9954 0.86002E-03 10.317 0.7118 0.8500
149 124.9 0.9962 0.86199E-03 10.341 0.7125 0.8500
150 125.8 0.9971 0.86397E-03 10.365 0.7132 0.8500
151 126.6 0.9979 0.86594E-03 10.388 0.7138 0.8500
152 127.5 0.9987 0.86788E-03 10.412 0.7145 0.8500
153 128.3 0.9995 0.86965E-03 10.433 0.7151 0.8500
154 129.2 1.000 0.87093E-03 10.448 0.7156 0.8500
155 130.0 0.9999 0.87068E-03 10.445 0.7158 0.8500

E-33
Appendix E.3 Reactor Design
For this project, we propose to use Shell and Tube reactor. The endothermic reaction,
dehydrogenation of propane, takes place in the shell side and exothermic reaction, oxidative
dehydrogenation of propane, takes place in the tube side. In this chapter, it shows the idea
how to estimate the volume of reactor, volume and type of catalyst used and the material of
reactor.

E.3.1. Tube side:

There are many reactions take place in tube side. The rate expressions of reactions are
showed

1. Propane oxidation to propylene

3C 3 H 8 ( g ) + 9 O 2 → C 3 H 6 ( g ) + 3C O + 3C O 2 + 9 H 2 O ( g ) (E.3.1.1)

⎡ ⎛ k O 2 PO 2 ⎞
2 ⎤
k O 2 PO 2 k O2 PO2
( − r1 ) = k O2 PO2 ⎢1+ − ⎜ ⎟ + ⎥ (E.3.1.2)
⎢ 2 ⋅ k C H PC H ⎜ 2 ⋅ k C H PC H ⎟ k C H PC H ⎥
⎢⎣ 3 8 3 8 ⎝ 3 8 3 8 ⎠ 3 8 3 8
⎥⎦

2. Propylene oxidation to CO

2 C 3 H 6 ( g ) + 7 .5 O 2 → 3 C O ( g ) + 3 C O 2 ( g ) + 6 H 2 O ( g ) (E .3 .1 .3 )
( − r2 ) = k 2 P C m n
PO (E .3 .1 .4 )
3H 6 2

3. CO oxidation into CO2

CO( g ) + 0.5O2( g ) → CO2( g ) (E.3.1.5)

(− r3 ) = k 3 PCOm5 POn5 (E.3.1.6)
2

4. Cracking of propane

C3 H 8( g ) → CH 4( g ) + C2 H 4( g ) (E.3.1.7)
PC3H6 PH2
k 4 (PC3H8 − )
K1
(− r4 ) = (E.3.1.8)
1 + PC3H6 K 2

E.3.2. Shell side:

There are many reactions take place in shell side. The rate expressions of reactions are
showed

1. Cracking of propane

E-34
C3 H 8( g ) → C2 H 4( g ) + CH 4( g ) (E.3.2.1)
(A) (B) (C)

PCS3H6 PHS2
k S4 (PCS3H8 − )
K1
(− r5 ) = (E.3.2.2)
1 + PC3H6 K 2
S

2. Propane dehydrogenation

C3 H 8( g ) → C3 H 6( g ) + H 2( g ) (E.3.2.3)
(A) (D) (E)
(− r6 ) = k 6 PCO,SH (E.3.2.4)
3 8

We consider that the Tube side of this reactor is plug flow reactor system both sides, and then
make the mass balance and energy balance at the steady state condition.

E.3.3. Tube side:

Mass Balance for component:

For Propane

In = O u t + C o n v e rs io n + h o ld u p
dC C
FT C C 3 H 8 = FT C C 3 H 8 + ( − rC ) d VT + VT 3H 8

V =V o V =V o+dV 3H 8
dt
d C C3H 8 ⎛ ( − r1 ) + ( − r4 ) ⎞
− = ⎜ ⎟ (E .3 .3 .1 )
d VT ⎝ FT ⎠

For oxygen
dCO2 ⎛ 3( −r1 ) + 3.75( −r2 ) + 0.5( −r3 ) ⎞
− = ⎜ ⎟ (E.3.3.2)
dVT ⎝ FT ⎠

For propylene
dC C H ⎛ − 1 / 3 ( − r1 ) + ( − r2 ) ⎞
− 3 6
= ⎜ ⎟ ( E .3 .3 .3 )
d VT ⎝ FT ⎠

For carbon monoxide

dC CO ⎛ − ( − r1 ) − 1 .5 ( − r2 ) + ( − r3 ) ⎞
− = ⎜ ⎟ (E .3 .3 .4 )
d VT ⎝ FT ⎠

For carbon dioxide

E-35
 dC CO2 ⎛ − ( − r1 ) − 1.5 ( − r2 ) − ( − r3 ) ⎞
− =⎜ ⎟ (E.3.3.5)
dVT ⎝ FT ⎠

For water
d C H 2O ⎛ − 3 ( − r1 ) − 3 ( − r2 ) ⎞
− =⎜ ⎟ (E .3 .3 .6 )
d VT ⎝ FT ⎠

For methane
dC CH 4 ⎛ − ( − r4 )⎞
− = ⎜ ⎟ ( E .3 .3 .7 )
d VT ⎝ FT ⎠

For ethylene
d C C2H 4 ⎛ − ( − r4 )⎞
− = ⎜ ⎟ ( E .3 .3 .8 )
d VT ⎝ FT ⎠

Energy balance:

In = O ut + h e a t tra n s fe r + h e a t g e n e ra te d + h e a t a c c u m u la te

ρ T , m ix FT C P , m ix T T i = ρ T , m ix FT C P , m ix T T + U ⋅ d A ⋅ ( T T − T S ) +
+ ⎡⎣ ∆ H 1 ( − r1 ) + ∆ H 2 ( − r2 ) + ∆ H 3 ( − r3 ) + ∆ H 4 ( − r4 ) ⎤⎦ d V T

4U
ρ T , m ix FT C P , m ix T T i = ρ T , m ix FT C P , m ix T T + (TT − T S ) d V T +
D ia ., T u b e
+ ⎡⎣ ∆ H 1 ( − r1 ) + ∆ H 2 ( − r2 ) + ∆ H 3 ( − r3 ) + ∆ H 4 ( − r4 ) ⎤⎦ d V T

⎛ 4U
⎜ D ( T T − T S ) + ⎡⎣ ∆ H 1 ( − r1 ) + ∆ H 2 ( − r2 ) + ∆ H 3 ( − r3 ) + ∆ H 4 ( − r4 ) ⎤⎦ ⎞⎟
d TT
− =⎜ ia ., T u b e
⎟ (E .3 .3 .9 )
d VT ⎜ ρ T , m ix FT C P , m ix ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠

E.3.4. Shell side:

For the Shell side, we also consider like plug flow reactor system, which there is temperature
and concentration profile. The volume of shell reactor is temperature and conversion
dependence. So, taking mass balance and energy balance at the steady state condition is to
model this system as following.

Mass Balance for component:

E-36
In = O u t + C o n v e rs io n + h o ld u p
dC C
FS C C3H 8 = FS C C3H 8 + ( − rC )dVS + VS 3H 8

V=Vo V =V o+dV 3H 8
dt
F o r p ro p a n e
d C C3H 8 ⎛ ( − r5 ) + ( − r6 ) ⎞
− = ⎜ ⎟ (E .3 .4 .1 )
dVS ⎝ FS ⎠

For ethylene
d C C2H 4 − ( − r5 )
− = (E .3 .4 .2 )
dVS FS
For methane
dC CH 4 − ( − r5 )
− = (E .3 .4 .3 )
dVS FS
For propylene
d C C3H 6 − ( − r6 )
− = (E .3 .4 .4 )
dVS FS
For hydrogen
dC H2 − ( − r6 )
− = (E .3 .4 .5 )
dVS FS

Energy balance:

In = O u t + h e a t tra n s fe r + h e a t g e n e ra te d + h e a t a c c .
ρ S F S C P , S T S i = ρ S F S C P , S T S − U d A (TT − T S ) +
+ ⎡⎣ ∆ H 5 ( − r5 ) + ∆ H 6 ( − r6 ) ⎤⎦ d V S
4U
ρ S FS C P ,S TSi = ρ S FS C P ,S TS − (TT − T S ) d V T +
D ia , T u b e
+ ⎡⎣ ∆ H 5 ( − r5 ) + ∆ H 6 ( − r6 ) ⎤⎦ d V s

⎛ − 4U d VT ⎞
⎜ (TT − T S ) ⋅ + ⎡⎣ ∆ H 5 ( − r5 ) + ∆ H 6 ( − r6 ) ⎤⎦ ⎟
− d TS D d V
= ⎜ ia , T u b e S
⎟ (E .3 .4 .6 )
dVS ⎜ ρ S FS C P ,S ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
From the mathematic model above, they are the series of ordinary differential equations that
consume time to solve precisely. In this conceptual design, the reactor will be simplified by
considering the main reaction, and the reactor both sides take place in gas phase
heterogeneously with fixed bed catalyst, that heat capacity of gas phase is usually less than
the liquid phase. Then, the heat exchange between shell and tube could be by heat conduction
of each side in order to retain its temperature. Therefore the reactions of both sides are
assumed as isothermal reactions. In addition to this, catalyst deactivation and coke formation

E-37
will not be considered during design as well. The following section shows the simplified
calculation of reactor both sides.

E.3.5. Propane oxidative dehydrogenation in tube side

For the reactions in tube side, oxidation dehydrogenation of propane will be considered in the
main reaction, the kinetic rate expression and catalyst data show below

(−rC3H8 ) = k1PC0.6H (E.3.5.1)

3 8

k1 = 0.004 molC3H8 / g-cat ⋅ min (atm)0.6

Catalyst data:
Type: V2O5
Specific surface: 95m2/g-cat
Void of bed: 0.5
Particle density: 1500kg/m3

Effective diffusivity of propane to V2O5 is less, and then assumes the catalyst effectiveness is
~1.

We can rewrite the rate reaction constant, which is catalyst mass basis into the volume of
fluid basis.

molC3H8 1 g-cat 1 min

k1 = 0.004 ⋅ ⋅ (E.3.5.2)
g-cat ⋅ min (atm) 0.6
95 m 2
60 sec
molC3H8
= 7.02 x 10-7
(atm)0.6 ⋅ m 2 ⋅ sec
3
m2 kg-cat m cat. g-cat
CS = 95 ⋅ 1,500 3 ⋅ (1 − 0.5) 3 ⋅1, 000 (E.3.5.3)
g-cat m cat. m reactor. kg-cat
m2
= 7.125 x 107 3
m reactor.
molC3H8
k '1 = 7.02 x 10-7 x CS (E.3.5.4)
(atm)0.6 ⋅ m 2 ⋅ sec
molC3H8
= 50 3
(atm)0.6 ⋅ m reactor ⋅ sec

From the differential mass balance in terms of the void volume, the general expression shows
as
FA0 dX A = ( − rA'' ) dVP
( − rA'' )dVP = ( − rA ) ⋅ void fraction. ⋅ dVRe actor
so,
FA0 dX A = ( − rA ) ⋅ void fraction ⋅ dVRe actor

E-38
 FC3 H8,0 dX C3 H8 = k1' ⋅ PC0.6
3 H8
⋅ void fraction ⋅ dVRe actor

Assume the gas in reaction perform like ideal gas, hence the term PC0.6
3 H8
can be changed in
= ( CC3 H8 RT )
0.6
term of concentration PC0.6
3 H8

Then,
( )
0.6
FC3 H8,0 dX C3 H8 = k1' ⋅ CC3 H8 RT ⋅ void fraction ⋅ dVRe actor

( )
0.6
= k1' ⋅ CC3 H8,0 (1 − X C3 H8 ) RT ⋅ void fraction ⋅ dVRe actor

X = 0.8 V
k1'
1
( )
0.6

∫ dX C3 H8 = ∫ ⋅ CC3 H8,0 RT ⋅ void fraction ⋅ dVRe actor

( )
0.6
X =0 1 − X C3 H8 V=0
FC3 H8,0

In order to design as the base case, from ASPEN result, we can define
FC3 H8 ,0 = 534.121 kmol/hr
0.664 /1.01 kmol
CC3 H8 ,0 = ( )
R ⋅T m3
⎛ 0.657 ⎞ kmol
= ⎜ ⎟
⎝ R ⋅T ⎠ m
3

therefore,
X = 0.8 VReactor
1 50 ⋅ 3600
∫ ∫ ⋅ ( 0.657 ) ⋅ (1 − 0.5) ⋅ dVRe actor
0.6
dX C3 H8 =
(1 − X ) 534.121 ⋅1000
0.6
X =0 C3 H 8 V=0

1.1867 = 0.131VRe actor

VRe actor = 9.06 m3
The void fraction is 0.5, then we can estimate the volume of fixed catalyst to be used that it is
VRe actor − Vcatalyst
= 0.5 , so, Vcatalyst = 4.53 m 3 and amount of catalyst is 6.8 tons
VRe actor

E.3.6. Propane dehydrogenation in shell side

Vapor-phase dehydrogenation of propane in shell side assumed as a tubular flow reactor

considered with two reactions:
C3 H 8( g ) → C2 H 4( g ) + CH 4( g ) (E.3.6.1)
C3 H 8( g ) → C3 H 6( g ) + H 2( g ) (E.3.6.2)

The rate equations are:

(−r1,C3H8 ) = k1PC3H8 (E.3.6.3)
PC3H6 PH2
k 2 (PC3H8 − )
K1
(−r2,C3H8 ) = (E.3.6.4)
1 + PC3H6 K 2

E-39
 ⎛ -Ea i ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎞
ki = k 0i exp ⎜⎜ ⎜ − ⎟ ⎟⎟ (E.3.6.5)
⎝ R ⎝ T T0 ⎠ ⎠

⎛ -∆H ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎞
Ki = K 0i exp ⎜⎜ ⎜ − ' ⎟ ⎟⎟ (E.3.6.6)
⎝ R ⎝ T T0 ⎠ ⎠

where PC3H8 = partial pressure of propane, bar

PC3H6 = partial pressure of propylene, bar
PH2 = partial pressure of hydrogen, bar
K1 , K 2 = equilibrium constants for the two reactions in term of partial pressures
k1 , k 2 = rate reaction constants for the two reactions, sec
Ea = activated energy , kJ/mol
∆H = enthalpy, kJ/mol
T0 , T0' = temperature reference, K at experiment 600oC
R = gas constant, J/mol K

The data from the literature [ Applied catalyst A :General 248(2003) 105-106, J.Gascon]
shows in Table E.3.1 below.
Catalyst specification:

Shape : Pellet
Diameter : 5.0mm
High : 4.9 mm
Specific surface : 214m2 /g-cat
Void fraction : 0.5
Catalyst density : 1,500kg/m3

Table E.3.1 Kinetic parameter

Parameter Value(units)
kS01 0.0516(mmol/(g s)) : k1 = 17.62 molC3H8/m3 s at T = 540oC
K02 3450 (mmol/l) : K02 = 0.00000068 m3/mol at T = 540oC
Ea1 35.5(kJ/mol)
∆H -595(kJ/mol) at 600oC
Ea2 308 (kJ/mol)
kS02 10E-5 (mmol/(g s) : k2 = 0.0033 s-1 at T = 540oC

K1 is estimated at 540 C, from the relation of Gibb’s free energy.

K1=0.089

Then, we can simplify the reaction rates as

(− r1 ) = 17.62 ⋅ PC3H8 (E.3.6.7)
and

E-40
 PC3H6 PH2
0.0033(PC3H8 − )
(− r2 ) = 0.089 (E.3.6.8)
1 + PC3H6 6.8 ⋅10−7
The design equation for the plug flow is
x A = x AF
V dX A
= ∫
F xA =0
(-rA )

If the mass balances are based on propane, then the two equations are
V dX
=∫ 1 (E.3.6.9)
F (-r1 )
V dX
=∫ 2 (E.3.6.10)
F (-r2 )
where the conversion X1 is the gram moles of propane disappearing by the reaction 1 per
gram mole of the feed, and the conversion X2 is the gram moles of propane disappearing by
the reaction 2 per gram mole of the feed.

Based on 1.0 mole of feed of entering propane, the moles of each component at conversions
X1 and X2 are:
Component mole at conversions X1 ans X2
C3H8 1-X1-X2
C3H6 X2
H2 X2
CH4 X1
C2H4 X1
Total 1+X1+X2

Since the total mole equals to 1+X1+X2, the mole fractions of each components are also
given by these quantities. If the components are assumed to behave as ideal gases, then the
partial pressures are:
Component Partial pressure pi
C3H8 1-X1-X2 / (1+X1+X2)
C3H6 X2/ (1+X1+X2)
H2 X2/ (1+X1+X2)
CH4 X1 / (1+X1+X2)
C2H4 X1 / (1+X1+X2)

Substituting the partial pressure of the components of the components in eq. E.3.6.11 and eq.
E.3.6.12 gives
⎛ 1 − X1 − X 2 ⎞
(− r1 ) = 17.62 ⎜ ⎟ (E.3.6.11)
⎝ 1 + X1 + X 2 ⎠
⎛ ⎛ 1− X − X ⎞ X22 ⎞
0.0033 ⎜ ⎜ 1 2
⎟ − 2 ⎟
⎜ ⎝ 1 + X1 + X 2 ⎠ 0.089 (1 + X + X ) ⎟
(− r2 ) = ⎝ 1 2 ⎠ (E.3.6.12)
⎛ X2 ⎞
⎜1 + 6.8 ⋅10−7 ⎟
⎝ (1 + X1 + X 2 ) ⎠

E-41
Substituting eq. E.3.6.11 and eq. E.3.6.12 in the eq. E.3.6.13 and eq. E.3.6.14, and the
composition of the components are computed for various values of V/F.
dX1 ⎛ 1 − X1 − X 2 ⎞
= r1 (X1 ,X 2 )= 17.62 ⎜ ⎟ (E.3.6.13)
d(V/F) ⎝ 1 + X1 + X 2 ⎠
⎛ ⎛ 1− X − X ⎞ X22 ⎞
0.0033 ⎜ ⎜ 1 2
− ⎟
dX 2 ⎜ ⎝ 1 + X1 + X 2 ⎟⎠ 0.089 (1 + X + X )2 ⎟
= r2 (X1 ,X 2 ) = ⎝ 1 2 ⎠ (E.3.6.14)
d(V/F) ⎛ X2 ⎞
⎜1 + 6.8 ⋅10−7 ⎟
⎝ (1 + X1 + X 2 ) ⎠

Calculating by function ODE45, MATLAB, resulting in Table E.3.2 and Figure E.3.1 shows
the plot of the rates of each reaction as a function of V/F. In both instance, the rates decrease
toward zero as V/F increases.
Table E.3.2 Conversion versus V/F for the dehydrogenation of propane
V/F X1 X2 XT rate1 rate2
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.76E+01 0.0033
0.0018 0.0307 5.8E-06 0.0307 1.66E+01 0.0031
0.0036 0.0597 1.12E-05 0.0597 1.56E+01 0.0028
0.0054 0.087 1.63E-05 0.0870 1.48E+01 0.0025
0.0072 0.113 2.12E-05 0.1130 1.40E+01 0.0022
0.0126 0.1835 3.44E-05 0.1835 1.22E+01 0.0014
0.0180 0.245 4.59E-05 0.2450 1.07E+01 0.0006
0.0234 0.2994 5.61E-05 0.2995 9.50E+00 -0.0002

The reactor volume required to process from Aspen Plus Simulation, 889kmol/hr of propane
is estimated from Table E.3.2. For the total conversion of 23 %,

V/F = 0.018
V = 0.018F
= 0.018*889*1000/3600
= 4.45m3

Catalyst particle void in the reactor is 0.5, so the volume of catalyst in shell side is equal to
2.225 m3 and catalyst used 3.3 tons.

E-42
 Rates of reaction for propane dehydrogenation

2.00E+01

1.80E+01

1.60E+01

1.40E+01
Rates of reaction ( mole/m3 s)

1.20E+01

1.00E+01
Rate1
Rate2
8.00E+00

6.00E+00

4.00E+00

2.00E+00

0.00E+00
0.0000 0.0018 0.0036 0.0054 0.0072 0.0126 0.0180 0.0234

-2.00E+00
V/F (m3/mol s)

Figure E.3.1 Rates of reaction for propane dehydrogenation

Since, in this design stage, we use the simplified model, the heat transfer coefficient of shell
and tube is assumed to a general figure approximately. The heat transfer coefficient used in
further calculation like cost evaluation is assumed as 500 W/m2 oC. The heat exchange
between shell and tube is roughly equal to the heat reaction of exothermic, which will be
removed, as mention is Appendix A.2. The amount of heat is 20kcal/molC3H8 ( 84 kJ/molC3H8 )
and feed propane through the exothermic reaction is 804.63 kmol/hr based on the required
product 200 kton annual. Therefore the removed heat is 18.7 x 103 kW. Therefore the total
area of the tube can be estimated.
Q = UA∆TLM
Q 18.7 ⋅103 kW
A= = = 121m 2
U ∆TLM 500W / m C ⋅ (850 − 540)
2 D

Then, the ratio of area and volume results in the diameter of the tube side 0.3 m.
The number and length of tube can be calculated listed in the Table E.3.3. We choose 20
tubes with the 6.41-meter long.
Table E.3.3. Number and length of tube reacto
Dia. Tube Numbe of tube Height of Tube Area Volume
(0.3 m) (m) (m2) (m3)
0.3 10 12.82 121 9.06
0.3 20 6.41 121 9.06
0.3 30 4.27 121 9.06
0.3 40 3.20 121 9.06
0.3 50 2.56 121 9.06
0.3 60 2.14 121 9.06
0.3 70 1.83 121 9.06
0.3 80 1.60 121 9.06
0.3 90 1.42 121 9.06
0.3 100 1.28 121 9.06

E-43
 0.3 110 1.17 121 9.06
0.3 120 1.07 121 9.06

And for the shell side, the total volume can estimate the diameter of reactor.
Total Volume = 4.45 + 9.06 = 13.51m3
4 ⋅ Volume total
Dia.ofReactor = = 1.63 m.
π ⋅ height

E-44
Appendix E.4 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Design

The design of shell and tube heat exchanger involves the determination of the heat transfer
coefficient and pressure drop on both the tube side and the shell side. A large number of
methods are available for determining the shellside performance. Before the design procedure,
some guidelines for shellside design and points to be raised while specifying a heat exchanger
are listed, followed by preliminary sizing of a shell and tube heat exchanger.
Guideline for Shell-Side Design
Recommend guidelines for shellside design include:
1. Accept TEMA fabrication clearances and tolerances, and enforce these standards during
fabrication.
2. For segmental baffles employ 20%battle cuts.
3. Employ no-tubes-in-window design to eliminate the damage from flow-induced vibration.
4. Evaluate the heat transfer in the clean condition and pressure drop in the maximum fouled
condition.
5. Employ sealing devices to minimize bypassing between the bundle and shell for pull
through floating heat exchanger, and through pass partition lanes.
6. Ration of baffle spacing to shell diameter may be restricted between 0.2 and 1.0. Baffle
spacing much greater than the shell diameter must be carefully evaluated.
7. Avoid shell longitudinal baffles that are not welded to the shell; all other sealing methods
are inadequate.

Specifying the Right Heat Exchanger

When specifying an exchanger for design, various factors to be considered or questions that
should be raised are listed by Gutterman:
1. Type of heat transfer, i.e., boiling, condensing, or single-phase heat transfer.
2. Since the heat exchanger has two pressure chambers, which chamber should receive the
cold fluid?
3. More viscous fluid shall be routed on the shell side to obtain better heat transfer.
4. It is customary to assign the higher pressure to the tube side to minimize shell thickness.
5. Consider various potential and possible upset conditions in assigning the design pressure
and/or design temperature.
6. Pass arrangements on the shell side and tube side to obtain maximum heat transfer?
7. Have considered the tube size and thickness?
8. What is the acceptable pressure drop on the tube side and shell side? Is the sum of the
pumping cost and the initial equipment cost minimized?
9. Have considered the maximum allowable pressure drop to obtain the maximum heat
transfer/
10. Are the tubeside and shellside velocities are high enough for good heat transfer and to
minimize fouling but well below the limits that can cause erosion-corrosion on the
tubeside, and impingement attack and flow-induced vibration on the shell side?
11. Have considered the nozzle sizes and adequate shell escape area? Are the nozzle
orientations consistent with tube layout pattern?
12. Is the baffle arrangement designed to promote good flow distribution on the shell side and
hence good heat transfer, and to minimize fouling and flow-induced vibration?
13. Does the design provide for efficient expulsion of noncondensables that may degrade the
performance?
14. Is the service corrosive or dirty? If so, have specified corrosion-resistant materials and
reasonable fouling factors?
15. Does the design minimize fouling?

E-45
Design Considerations for a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
The basic criterion that a given or designed heat exchanger should satisfy is that it should
perform the given heat duty within the allowable pressure drop. The design is also to satisfy
additional criteria such as:
1. Withstand operating conditions, startup, shutdown, and upset conditions that influence the
thermal and mechanical design.
2. Maintenance and servicing.
3. Multiple shell arrangement.
4. Cost.
5. Size limitations.
In terms of five factors just mentioned, multishell arrangement needs some comments on it.
Consider the advantages of a multishell arrangement to allow one unit to be taken out of
service for maintenance without severely upsetting the rest of the plant. For part load
operation, multiple shells result into an economical operation. Shipping and handling may
dictate restrictions on the overall size or weight of the unit, resulting in multiple shells for an
application.

Thermal Design Procedure

The overall design procedure of a shell and tube heat exchanger is quite lengthy, and hence it
is necessary to break down this procedure into distinct steps:
1. Approximate sizing of shell and tube heat exchanger.
2. Evaluation of geometric parameters also known as auxiliary calculations.
3. Correction factors for heat transfer and pressure drop.
4. Shell-side heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop.
5. Tube-side heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop.
6. Evaluation of the design, i.e., comparison of the results with the design specification.
The approximate design involves arriving at a tentative set of heat exchanger parameters, and
if the design is accepted after rating then this becomes the final design. Various stages of
approximate design include the following:
1. Compute overall heat transfer coefficient.
2. Compute heat transfer rate required.
3. Compute the heat transfer area required.
4. Design the geometry.
Basic logic structure for process heat exchanger design is shown as Figure E.4.1:

E-46
 Problem Identification

Selection of Basic Heat

Exchanger Type

Selection of a Tentative Set

of Exchanger Design Parmeters
Modification of
the Design
Parameters
Rating of the Design:
Thermal Performance
Pressure Drop

Evaluation of the Design: Unacceptable

Q, ÄP Acceptable?

Acceptable

Mechanical Design, Costing,

Etc.

Figure E.4.1 Basic logic structure for process heat exchanger design

Example of Design
Here present the design of one shell and tube heat exchanger in dehydrogenation process. For
the physical properties and conditions of the components in shell and tube is shown as Table
E.4.1.
Table E.4.1. Physical properties and conditions of components
Shell- side Inlet Mean Outlet
Stream No. 201
Phase Gas Gas Gas
Temperature oC 40 59 78
Specific heat kJ/kg oC 2.01 2.05 2.09
Thermal conductivity W/m oC 0.135 0.134 0.133
Density kg/m3 840 820 800
Viscosity mNsm-2 4.3 3.2 2.4
Tube-side Inlet Mean Outlet
Stream No. 202
Phase Gas Gas Gas

E-47
Temperature oC 200 145 90
Specific heat kJ/kg oC 2.72 2.47 2.26
Thermal conductivity W/m oC 0.130 0.132 0.135
Density kg/m3 690 730 770
Viscosity mNsm-2 0.22 0.43 0.80

Estimation of Heat Load

The heat load is calculated in the general case from
• •
mh c ph (Thi − Tho ) = mc c pc (Tco − H ci ) = q (E.4.1)
the heat load also can be got from Aspen Plus:
q = 1509.4 kW
Estimation of Log Mean Temperature Difference
Determine the logarithmic mean temperature difference for countercurrent flow using the
temperature as defined earlier:
∆T2 − ∆T1
qT = UAT = UAT ∆TL (E.4.2)
⎛ ∆T2 ⎞
ln ⎜ ⎟
⎝ ∆T1 ⎠
where
∆T1 = Tho − Tci
∆T2 = Thi − Tco
qT = total heat transfer rate
AT = total heat transfer area
∆T − ∆T1 ( 200 − 78 ) − ( 90 − 40 )
∆TL = 2 = = 80.7°C
⎛ ∆T2 ⎞ ⎛ 200 − 78 ⎞
ln ⎜ ⎟ ln ⎜ ⎟
∆
⎝ 1⎠
T ⎝ 90 − 40 ⎠

LMTD Correction Factor

Values of F can be found from the thermal relation charts. However, for estimation purpose, a
reasonable estimate may often be obtained without restoring to the charts.
1. For a single tube pass, purely countercurrent heat exchanger, F=1.0
2. For a single shell with any even number of tube side passes, F should be between 0.8 and
1.0
The correction factor is a function of the shell and tube fluid temperatures, and the number of
tube and shells passes. It is normally correlated as a function of two dimensionless
temperature ratios:
T −T 200 − 90
R = hi ho = = 2.9
Tco − Tci 78 − 40
Tco − Tci 78 − 40
S= = = 2.4
Thi − Tci 200 − 40
R is equal to the shell-side fluid flow rate times the fluid mean specific heat; divided by the
tube-side fluid flow rate times the tube-side fluid specific heat.
S is a measure of the temperature efficiency of the exchanger.
For a 1 shell 2 tube pass exchanger, the correction factor is given by:

E-48
 ⎡ 1− S ⎤
(R 2
+ 1) ln ⎢
⎣1 − RS ⎥⎦
F= = 0.876
(
⎡ 2 − S R + 1 − R2 + 1 ⎤
( R − 1) ln ⎢⎢ ⎥ )
(
⎢⎣ 2 − S R + 1 + R + 1 ⎥⎦
2 ⎥
)
Method to Determine Number of Shells
Quickly check the limits:
2Tho ≥ Tci + Tco hot fluid on the shell side
2Tco ≤ Thi + Tho cold fluid on the shell side
If the limits are approached, it is necessary to use multiple 1-2N shells in series. There is a
rapid graphical technique for estimating a sufficient number of 1-2N shells in series. The
terminal temperatures of the two streams are plotted on the ordinates of an arithmetic graph
paper sheet as shown as Figure E.4.2:
Temperature

Heat Transfer
Figure E.4.2 Heat transfer efficiency v.s. temperature
The distance between the ordinates is arbitrary. Starting with the cold fluid outlet temperature,
a horizontal line is laid off until it intercepts the hot fluid line. From that point a vertical line
is draw to the cold line at or below the cold fluid inlet temperature. The number of horizontal
lines (including the one that intersects the right-hand ordinate) is equal to the number of
shells in series that is clearly sufficient to perform the duty. Following this procedure will
usually result in a number of shells having an overall F close to 0.8.
Estimation of U
First, need to guess a number of U. The assumption can be chosen from Table E.4.2. [Coulson &
Richardson’s Volume 6]
. Here start with 300 W/m2oC
Table E.4.2 Typical overall coefficients

E-49
E-50
Fouling Resistance
Fouling resistance values may be chosen from TEMA Table E.4.3 [Coulson & Richardson’s Volume 6].
Table E.4.3 Fouling factors (coefficients), typical values

Calculation of Ao
Once q, U, LMTD, and F are known, the total outside heat transfer area Ao can be calculated:
q
Ao = (E.4.3)
UF ( LMTD )
1509.4 ×103
Ao = = 71.15 m 2
300 × 0.876 × 80.7

E-51
Determination of Shell Size and Tube Length from Heat Transfer Area, Ao
The objective is to find the right number of tubes of diameter, Do, and the shell diameter, Ds,
to accommodate the number of tubes, Nt, with given tube length, L.
Ao = π Do N t L (E.4.4)
The problem now arises of how to interpret the value of value Ao in terms of tube length and
shell diameter, when both values are not known.
For estimation purpose, the tube number Nt is given by
⎛ CTP ⎞ Ds2
N t = 0.785 ⎜ ⎟ (E.4.5)
⎝ CL ⎠ ( PR ) Do2
2

where CL is the tube layout constant given by

Cl = 0.87 for θ tp = 30o and 60o
Cl = 1.0 for θ tp = 45o and 90o
CTP is the tube count calculation constant that accounts for the incomplete coverage of the
shell diameter by tubes, due to necessary clearances between the shell and the outer tube
circle and tube omissions due to tube pass lanes for multitude pass design.
one-tube pass: CTP = 0.93
two-tube pass: CTP = 0.9
three-tube pass: CTP = 0.85
PR is tube pitch ratio (=Pt/Do). Usually, PR is 1.25.
Substituting equation (26) into (25), the result is given by
2
⎛ CTP ⎞ Ds L
Ao = 0.785π ⎜ ⎟ (E.4.6)
⎝ CL ⎠ ( PR ) Do
2

From equation (27), an expression for the shell diameter in terms of main constructional
diameters can be obtained as:
1
CL ⎡ Ao ( PR ) Do ⎤
2 2

Ds = 0.637 ⎢ ⎥ (E.4.7)
CTP ⎢⎣ L ⎥⎦
Heat transfer surface Ao can be obtained by various combinations of parameter L and Do for
any given tube layout pattern. An initial assumption of these values is necessary.
Here use 19.05 mm outside diameter, 14.83 mm inside diameter, and 5 m long tubes on a
square pitch arrangement.
Area of one tube:
A1 = π × 0.01905 × 5 = 0.2992 m 2
Number of tubes = 71.15/0.2992 = 237, say 240
So, for 2 passes, tubes per pass, Nt = 120
1
CL ⎡ Ao ( PR )2 Do ⎤ 2
1 ⎡ 71.15 × (1.25 ) × 0.01905 ⎤
2

Ds = 0.637 ⎢ ⎥ = 0.637 × ×⎢ ⎥ = 0.437 m

CTP ⎣⎢ L ⎦⎥ 0.9 ⎣⎢ 5 ⎦⎥

Tube-Side Heat Transfer Coefficient

A general equation that can be used for exchanger design is:
0.14
⎛ µ ⎞
Nu = C Re Pr
0.8 0.33
⎜ ⎟ (E.4.8)
⎝ µw ⎠
where

E-52
 hi d e
Nu = Nusselt number =
kf
ρ ut d e
Re = Reynolds number =
µ
Cpµ
Pr = Prandtl number =
kf
C = 0.021 for gases
C = 0.023 for non-viscous liquids
C = 0.027 for viscous liquids
and
hi = inside cofficient, W/m°C,
d e = equivalent diameter, m = Di
ut = fluid velocity, m/s,
k f = fluid thermal conductivity, W/m°C,
Gt = mass velocity, mass flow per unit area, kg/m 2s,
µ = fluid viscosity at the bulk fluid temperature, Ns/m 2 ,
µ w = fluid viscosity at the wall,
C p = fluid specific heat, heat capacity, J/kg°C.
Calculation of ut:
π
( 0.01483)
2
tube cross-sectional area = = 0.0001727 m 2
4
so area per pass = 120 × 0.0001727 = 0.02073 m 2
19.44 3
volumetric flow rate = = 0.0237 m
820 s
0.0237
tube-side velocity, ut = = 1.14 m
0.02073 s
It is often convenient to correlate heat transfer data in terms of a heat transfer j factor. The
heat transfer factor is defined as:
−0.14
⎛ µ ⎞
jh = St Pr 0.67
⎜ ⎟
⎝ µw ⎠ (E.4.9)
St = Stanton number = 0.0225exp ⎡ −0.0225 ( ln Pr ) ⎤ Re−0.205 Pr −0.505
2
⎣ ⎦
eq. E.4.8 can be rearranged as:
0.14
hi Di ⎛ µ ⎞
= jh Re Pr 0.33 ⎜ ⎟ (E.4.10)
kf ⎝ µw ⎠
After having Re and L/Di, from Figure E.4.3 [Coulson & Richardson’s volume 6], it can get the jh value.
By eq. E.4.10, hi can be calculated.
Calculation of hi:

E-53
 820 × 1.15 × 0.01483
Re = = 4388
3.2 × 10−3
2.996 × 103 × 3.2 × 10−3
Pr = = 71.57
0.134
L 5
= = 337
Di 0.01483
From Figure E.4.3,
jh = 3.3 ×10−3
N u = 3.3 ×10−3 ( 4388 )( 71.57 )
0.33
= 59.27
⎛ 0.134 ⎞ W 2o
hi = 59.27 × ⎜ ⎟ = 536
⎝ 0.01483 ⎠ m C

E-54
 FigureE.4.3 Tube side heat transfer factor

Shell-Side Heat Transfer Coefficient

Calculate the area for cross-flow As for the hypothetical row of tubes at the shell equator,
given by:
( P − Do ) Ds lB
As = t (E.4.11)
Pt
where

E-55
Pt = tube pitch
Do = tube outside diameter
Ds = shell inside diameter
lB = baffle spacing
The term (Pt-Do)/Pt is the ratio of the clearance between tubes and the total distance between
tube centers. The baffle spacing used arrange from 0.2 to 1.0 shell diameter. A close baffle
spacing will give higher heat transfer coefficient but at the expense of higher pressure drop.
The optimum spacing will usually be between 0.3 to 0.5 times the shell diameter. The baffle
cut is the height of the segment removed to form the baffle, expressed as a percentage of the
baffle disc diameter. Generally, a baffle cut of 20 to 25% will be the optimum, giving good
heat transfer rate, without excessive pressure drop.
(1.25 × 0.01905 − 0.01905) 0.437
As = × 0.437 × = 0.009548 m 2
1.25 × 0.01905 5
Calculate the shell-side mass velocity Gs and the linear velocity us:
W
Gs = s
As
Gs
us =
ρ
where
Ws = fluid flow rate on the shell-side, kg/s
ρ = shell-side fluid density, kg/m3
Calculate the shell-side equivalent diameter (hydraulic diameter). For a square pitch
arrangement:
1.27 2
de =
Do
( Pt − 0.785 Do2 ) (E.4.12)

For an equilateral triangular pitch arrangement:

1.10 2
de =
Do
( Pt − 0.917 Do2 ) (E.4.13)

Calculate the shell-side Reynolds number, given by:

Gd udρ
Re = s e = s e (E.4.14)
µ µ
For the calculated Reynolds number, read the value of jh from Figure E.4.4 [Coulson & Richardson’s
Volume 6]
for the selected baffle cut and tube arrangement, and calculate the shell-side heat
transfer coefficient ho from:
0.14
ho Di ⎛ µ ⎞
= jh Re Pr 0.33 ⎜ ⎟ (E.4.15)
kf ⎝ µw ⎠
Calculation of ho:

E-56
de =
1.27 2
Do
( Pt − 0.785Do2 ) =
1.27
0.01905
(
(1.25 × 0.01905) − 0.785 ( 0.01905)o = 0.01881 m
2 2
)
5.556 3
volumetric flow rate = = 0.00761 m
730 s
0.0761
shell-side velocity = = 0.797 m From
0.009548 s
730 × 0.797 × 0.01881
Re = = 25453
0.43 × 10−3
3.515 ×103 × 0.43 ×10−3
Pr = = 11.45
0.132
Figure E.4.4,
jh = 6 × 10−3
⎛ 0.132 ⎞
⎟ × 6 ×10 × 25453 × (11.45 ) = 2396
ho = ⎜ −3 0.33
W 2o
⎝ 0.0188 ⎠ m C

Figure E.4.4 Shell side heat transfer factors, segmental baffles

Check the Estimated Uo

The greatest uncertainty in preliminary calculations is estimating the overall heat transfer
coefficient. Uo can be calculated from individual values of heat transfer coefficient on shell
side and tube side, wall resistance, and fouling resistance:
1
Uo = (E.4.16)
1 ⎛ Do ⎞ 1 ⎛ Do ⎞ xw ⎛ Do ⎞ 1 1
⎜ ⎟+ ⎜ ⎟+ ⎜ ⎟+ +
hdi ⎝ Di ⎠ hi ⎝ Di ⎠ km ⎝ DL ⎠ ho hdo

E-57
can be modified as:
1
Uo =
1 ⎛ Do ⎞ 1 ⎛ Do ⎞ Do ⎛ Do ⎞ 1 1
⎜ ⎟+ ⎜ ⎟+ ln ⎜ ⎟+ +
hdi ⎝ Di ⎠ hi ⎝ Di ⎠ 2km ⎝ Di ⎠ ho hdo
1
=
1 ⎛ 0.01905 ⎞ 1 ⎛ 0.01905 ⎞ 0.01905 ⎛ 0.01905 ⎞ 1 1
⎜ ⎟+ ⎜ ⎟+ ln ⎜ ⎟+ +
0.0002 ⎝ 0.01483 ⎠ 536 ⎝ 0.01483 ⎠ 2 × 45 ⎝ 0.01483 ⎠ 2396 0.0002
= 300.6921 W 2 o
m C
Check the calculation:
U − U o ,ass
If 0 < o ,calc < 30% , the initial assumption of Uo is acceptable.
U o , ass
U o ,calc − U o ,ass 300.6921 − 300
×100% = = 0.23%
U o ,ass 300
Therefore, the initial assumption of Uo is acceptable.

E-58
Appendix E.5 T302 Column sizing report
Table E.5.1 T302 column sizing report
Item Sizing Data Comments
Parameter
MG 10.9 kg/s Gas phase flow rate
RhoG 21.7 kg/m3 Gas phase density
ML 22.05 kg/s Liquid phase flow rate
RhoL 426 kg/m3 Liquid phase density
ViscL 1.00E-04 Pa s Liquid phase dynamic viscoscity
Capacity Factor Correlation
FLG 0.455 [-] ( ML /MG )( RhoG/RhoL)0.5
Design Pressure drop 4.1 mbar/m distillation range 4-8 mbar/m
Crp 0.65 [-] Read from the Figure 8.2.3.1
Frp 66 1/m use dia.50 mm pall ring in order to saving cost
FG,oper 1.1874 [-] [Crp*(RhoL-RhoG)/(13*Frp(viscL/RhoL)0.1]0.5
Dimension of Column
Dia 1.586 m [4*MG/(pi*FGOper*Rho0.5)]
This valid for Rasching and pall ring in distillation
HETP 0.85 m with moderate value of surface tension .
low viscoscity and pressure drop below 6 mbar/m
No. of ideal stages 24 [-]
Height of packing 20.4 m
Height of top 1 m
Height of bottom 1 m
Height of skirt 1.5 m
Height of column 23.9 m

E-59
Appendix E.6 Calculation of CO2 removal equipment
T401 CO2 absorber
From CO2 solubility data are given as blow2:

Table E.6.1 Solubility of CO2 in 50 mass % MDEA

CO2 loading PCO2 (kPa)
(per cent w/w solution**) o
(mol CO2/mol MDEA*) 25 C 50oC 75oC
0.2547 0.0470 8.27
0.2988 0.0551 10.34
0.4923 0.0909 19.72
0.0150 0.0028 0.78
0.0442 0.0082 2.47
0.0740 0.0137 4.87
0.1315 0.0243 11.67
0.1916 0.0354 17.36
0.2420 0.0447 24.46
0.3190 0.0589 38.75
0.3854 0.0711 53.04
0.4529 0.0836 70.92
0.4884 0.0901 76.19
0.0162 0.0030 3.62
0.0334 0.0062 7.92
0.0420 0.0078 9.72
0.0537 0.0099 13.72
0.0770 0.0142 21.31
0.1010 0.0186 31.11
0.1330 0.0245 45.39
0.1656 0.0306 61.88
0.1946 0.0359 78.87
* Operation at atmospheric pressure.
** The solution is 50 mass% MDEA which is dissolved in water.

Use data from Table E.6.1, Figure E.6.1 is plotted.

2
http://www.cape.canterbury.ac.nz/Apcche_Proceedings/ APCChE/Data/802rev.pdf

E-60
 90
80
70
CO2 pressure, kPa 60
25oC
50
50oC
40
75oC
30
20
10
0
0.0000 0.1000 0.2000 0.3000 0.4000 0.5000 0.6000
CO2_loading, mol CO2/mol MDEA

Figure E.6.1 Solubility of CO2 in 50 mass % MDEA solution

Due to the volatility and related high concentration of MDEA and followed low temperature
separation process, 25oC absorption temperature is designed.
Partial pressure of CO2 in the feed = 1.5%*101.325 = 1.52[kPa]
Partial pressure of CO2 in the exit gas at 99 percent recovery =1.52*0.01= 0.0152 [kPa]
Assume the equilibrium line at 25oC in Figure E.6.1 is straight line so Figure E.6.2 [volume 6 p597]
can be used to estimate the number of stages needed.

Figure E.6.2 Number of transfer units NOG as a function of y1/y2 with mGm / Lm as parameter

From the data above: partial pressure at 0.2988 [mol CO2/mol MDEA] = 10.34 [kPa].

E-61
 10.34
Mol. fraction in vapor = = 0.1020
101.325
0.2988
Mol. fraction in liquid = = 0.0377
0.2988 + 1 + 1*119.2 /18
0.1020
The slope of operation line m = = 2.71
0.0377
Using Figure E.6.2 the number of stages required at different MDEA solution flow rates will
be determined and the “optimum” rate chosen:
y1 p1 14.54
= = = 100
y2 p2 0.1454
where y1 and y2 = the mol fractions of the solute in the gas at the bottom and top of the
column, respectively
Gm
m 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9
Lm
N OG 5.0 5.4 6.1 6.7 7.8 8.4 9.2 10.2 11.3 13.0 15.1 18.3 23.6
where Gm = molar gas flow-rate per unit cross-sectional area
Lm = molar liquid flow-rate per unit cross-sectional area
N OG = the number of overall gas-phase transfer units
Below 0.55 there is only a small decrease in the number of stages required with increasing
liquid rate; above 0.7 the number of stages increases rapidly with decreasing liquid rate. It
can be seen that the “optimum” will be between mGm / Lm =0.55 to 0.7, as would be expected.
Check the liquid outlet composition at 0.55 and 0.7:
Material balance Lm x1 = Gm ( y1 − y2 )
G m Gm
So x1 = m (1.5% *0.99) = (0.0148)
Lm 2.71 Lm
G
at m m = 0.55, x1 = 0.003 mol fraction
Lm
G
at m m = 0.7, x1 = 0.0038 mol fraction
Lm
Use 0.7, as the higher concentration will favor the stripper design and operation, without
significantly increasing the number of stages needed in the absorber.
N OG = 11.3 , =12 (say)

Column diameter
From the data of mass balance,
Gas flow-rate (stream 209) = 7.64kg/s, = 0.263kmol/s
Carbon dioxide mole fraction in gas inlet is 0.015.
Liquid flow-rate = 2.71/0.7*0.263 = 1.02kmol/s, = 31.91kg/s
Select 50mm metal Pall rings.
From Table E.6.2 [volume 6], Fp = 66m-1
Gas density ρV = 27498.122/667.676 = 41.18kg/m3

Table E.6.2 Design data for various packings

E-62
Assume: Liquid density ρ L = 1000kg/m3
Liquid viscosity µL = 10-3Ns/m2
L* ρV 69.97 41.18
FLV = W* = = 1.86
VW ρ L 7.64 1000
where L*W = liquid mass flow-rate per unit column cross-sectional area, kg/m2s
VW* = gas mass flow-rate per unit column cross-section area, kg/m2s
FLV = flow factor
Design for a pressure drop of 20mm H2O/m packing
From Figure E.6.3 [volume 6]
K4 = 0.22
At flooding, K4 = 0.42
Here K4 is the function [volume 6]:
13.1(VW* ) 2 FP ( µ L / ρ L )
0.1

K4 =
ρV ( ρ L − ρV )
where FP = packing factor, characteristic of the size and type of packing, m-1
2
µL = liquid viscosity, Ns/m
3
ρL, ρV = liquid and vapor densities, kg/m

E-63
 Figure E.6.3Generalized pressure drop correlation, adapt from a figure by Norton Co. with permission

0.22
Percentage flooding = = 0.72 , satisfactory.
0.42
From equation above
0.5
⎡ K ρ (ρ − ρ ) ⎤
V =⎢ 4 V L
* V
0.1 ⎥
⎢⎣13.1FP ( µ L / ρ L ) ⎥⎦
W

0.5
⎡ ⎤
⎢ 0.22* 41.18(1000 − 41.18) ⎥
=
⎢ 13.1*66 (10-3 /1000 )0.1 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
= 6.32kg/m 2s

Column area required = 7.64/6.32 = 1.21m2

4
Diameter = *1.21 = 1.24m
π
Round off to 1.30m
π
Column area = *1.302 = 1.33m 2
4

Column height
Onda’s method
The equation for the effective area is:

E-64
 ⎡ 0.75 0.1
⎛ L*W 2 a ⎞
−0.05
⎛ L*W 2 ⎞ ⎤
0.2
aw ⎛ σ ⎞ ⎛ L*
⎞
= 1 − exp ⎢ −1.45 ⎜ C
⎟ ⎜
W
⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎥
a ⎢ ⎝ σ L ⎠ ⎝ aµ L ⎠ ⎝⎜ ρ L 2 g ⎠⎟ ⎝⎜ ρ Lσ L a ⎠⎟ ⎥
⎣ ⎦
and for the mass coefficients:
1/ 3 2/3 −1/ 2
⎛ ρ ⎞ ⎛ L* ⎞ ⎛ µL ⎞
kL ⎜ L ⎟ = 0.0051⎜ W ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ (ad P )0.4
⎝ µL g ⎠ ⎝ aw µ L ⎠ ⎝ ρ L DL ⎠
0.7 1/ 3
kG RT ⎛ V* ⎞ ⎛ µ ⎞
= K 5 ⎜ W ⎟ ⎜ V ⎟ (ad P ) −2.0
a Dv ⎝ a µV ⎠ ⎝ ρV Dv ⎠
where K5 = 5.23 for packing sizes above 15mm, and 2.00 for sized below 15mm
aw = effective interfacial area of packing per unit volume, m2/m3
a = actual area of packing per unit volume m2/m3
dP = packing size, m
σC = critical surface tension for the particular packing material, N/m [data
see volume 6]
σL = liquid surface tension, N/m
kG = gas film mass transfer coefficient, kmol/m2s atm or kmol/m2s bar
kL = Liquid film mass transfer coefficient, kmol/m2s (kmol/m3)=m/s
R = gas constant, bar m3/kmol K
T = operation temperature, K
g = gravity, 9.81m/s2
Dv, Dl= Mass diffusivity in vapor or liquid phase, m2/s
Gas and liquid diffusivities can be calculated using given equation as below [volume 6,
chapter 8, p291]
1.013e-7T 1.75 (1/ M a + 1/ M b )1/ 2
Dv =
1/ 3 2
⎡⎛ ⎞
1/ 3
⎛ ⎞ ⎤
P ⎢⎜ ∑ vi ⎟ + ⎜ ∑ vi ⎟ ⎥
⎣⎢⎝ a ⎠ ⎝ b ⎠ ⎦⎥
where Ma,Mb = molecular weights of components a and b
∑a vi , ∑b vi = the summation of the special diffusion volume coefficients for
components a and b, given in Table E.6.3 [volume 6]
1.173e-13(φ M )0.5 T
DL =
µVM 0.6
where φ = an association factor for the solvent
2.6 for water
1.9 for methanol
1.5 for ethanol
1.0 for unassociated solvents
M = Molecular weight of solvent
µ = viscosity of solvent, mNs/m2
Vm = molar volume of the solute at its boiling point, m3/kmol. This can be
estimated from the group contributions given in Table E.6.4 [volume 6]

Table E.6.3 Special atomic diffusion volumes

E-65
Table E.6.4 structural contributions to molar volumes, m3/mol

1.013e-7*303.131.75 (1/ 44 + 1/ 29)1/ 2

Dv = 2
30 ⎡( 26.9 ) + ( 20.1) ⎤
1/ 3 1/ 3
⎣ ⎦
= 5.45e-7 m /s
2

1.173e-13*(1.0*31.28)0.5 *303.13
DL =
1.002*0.03400.6
= 1.51e-9m 2 /s
The film transfer unit heights are given by:
Gm
HG =
kG a w P
Lm
HL =
k L awCt
where P = column operating pressure, bar

E-66
 Ct = total concentration, kmol/m3
HL, HG= overall height of a transfer unit and the individual film transfer units
Assume the flow of gas and liquid is essentially constant throughout the column, the height of
packing required, Z, is given by:
Gm y1 dy
Z= ∫
K G aCt y 2 y − ye
Z = H OG N OG
G
H OG = H G + m m H L
Lm
where Z = height of packing required, m
ye = concentration in the gas that would be in equilibrium with the liquid
concentration at any point
HOG = height of an overall gas-phase transfer unit
L*W = 31.91/1.33 = 23.99kg/m 2s
R= 0.08314bar m3/kmol K
Assume σL equals water = 70e-3N/m
g = 9.81m/s2
dP = 50e-3m
From Table E.6.2, for 50mm Pall rings
a =102m2/m3
For metal materials,
σC = 75e-3N/m
aw ⎡ 0.75 0.1
⎛ 75e-3 ⎞ ⎛ 23.99 ⎞ ⎛ 23.99 *102 ⎞
2 −0.05
⎛ 23.992 ⎞ ⎤
0.2

= 1 − exp ⎢ −1.45 ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎥
a ⎢⎣ ⎝ 70e-3 ⎠ ⎝ 102*1e-3 ⎠ ⎝ 1000 *9.81 ⎠ ⎝ 1000*70e-3*102 ⎠ ⎥⎦
= 0.87
aw = 0.87 *102 = 88.74m 2 /m3
1/ 3 2/3 −1/ 2
⎛ 1000 ⎞ ⎛ 52.61 ⎞ ⎛ 10−3 ⎞
k L ⎜ −3 ⎟ = 0.0051⎜ −3 ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ (102*50e-3)0.4
⎝ 10 *9.81 ⎠ ⎝ 88.74*10 ⎠ ⎝ 1000*1.51e-9 ⎠
k L = 5.88e-4m/s
VW* on actual column diameter = 7.64/1.33 = 5.74kg/m2s
0.7 1/ 3
kG 0.08314*303.15 ⎛ 5.74 ⎞ ⎛ 0.018e-3 ⎞ −2.0
= 5.23 ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ (102*50e-3)
102 5.45e-7 ⎝ 102*0.018 e -3 ⎠ ⎝ 41.18*5.45 e -7 ⎠
kG = 1.15e-4kmol/sm bar 2

5.74
Gm = = 0.198kmol/m 2s
27498.122 / 947.059
52.61
Lm = = 1.68kmol/m 2s
0.1312*119.2 + (1 − 0.1312) *18
0.198
HG = = 0.65m
1.15e-4*88.74*30
1.68
HL = = 1.08m
5.46e-4*88.74*(1000 / 31.28)
H OG = 0.65 + 0.7 *1.08 = 1.4m
Z = 1.4*12 = 16.8m

E-67
Round up packed bed height to 17m.
1.32
Then the column volume is deduced: V = π *17=22.6m3
4
After the calculation:
Column diameter: 1.30m
Column height: 17m
Column volume: 22.6m3

E-68
Appendix E.7 Gas-liquid separators calculation

1. D-101 Gas sep. Drum

From stream tables: at 30bar, 55oC, liquid density 435.1kg/m3, and vapor density 48.7kg/m3.
ut = 0.07 ⎡⎣( 435.1 − 48.7 ) / 48.7 ⎤⎦
1/ 2
= 0.1972 m/s
Vapor volumetric flow-rate is 547.3m3/hr.
Take hv = Dv / 2 and Lv / Dv = 4
π Dv2
Cross-sectional area for vapor flow = *0.5 = 0.393Dv2
4
Vapor velocity, uv = 547.3 / 3600 /(0.393Dv2 ) = 0.387 Dv−2
Vapor residence time required for the droplets to settle to liquid surface
= hv / ut = 0.5Dv / 0.1972 = 2.54 Dv
Actual residence time = vessel length/vapor velocity
= Lv / uv = 4 Dv / 0.387 Dv−2 = 10.34 Dv3
For satisfactory separation required residence time = actual.
So, 2.54 Dv = 10.34 Dv3
Dv = 0.50 m , say 0.6m.
Liquid hold-up time,
Liquid volumetric flow-rate is 28.4m3/hr.
liquid cross-sectional area = π *(0.6)2 / 4*0.5 = 0.141 m 2
Length, Lv = 4*0.6 = 2.4 m
Hold-up volume = 0.141* 2.4 = 0.339 m3
Hold-up time = liquid volume/liquid flow-rate
= 0.339 /(28.4 / 3600) = 43.0 s = 0.72 minutes
This is unsatisfactory, 10 minutes minimum required.
Accordingly, need to increase the liquid volume. This is best way to increase the vessel
diameter. Keep liquid height at half the vessel diameter and try to find a suitable diameter
that can reach enough residence time. After several trying, new Dv is given.
New Dv = 1.5 m
Liquid residence time checking:
Liquid cross-sectional area = π *(1.5)2 / 4*0.5 = 0.88 m 2
Length, Lv = 4*1.5 = 6 m
New liquid volume = 0.88*6 = 5.28 m3
New residence time = 5.28 /(28.4 / 3600) = 669.3 s = 11.2 minutes
This is satisfactory.
Dv2 (1.5) 2
The vessel volume is π Lv = π * *6 = 10.6 m
4 4
Result:
Vessel diameter: 1.5m.
Vessel length: 6m.
Vessel volume: 10.6m3.

E-69
2. D-301 T301 Reflux Drum
From data of Aspan simulation, at 15bar, -131.44oC, liquid density 502.50kg/m3, vapor
density 14.22kg/m3.
ut = 0.07 ⎡⎣( 502.5 − 14.22 ) /14.22 ⎤⎦
1/ 2
= 0.4102 m/s
Vapor volumetric flow-rate is 5275kg/hr =261.9m3/hr
Take hv = Dv / 2 and Lv / Dv = 3
π Dv2
Cross-sectional area for vapor flow = *0.5 = 0.393Dv2
4
Vapor velocity, uv = 261.9 / 3600 /(0.393Dv2 ) = 0.185Dv−2
Vapor residence time required for the droplets to settle to liquid surface
= hv / ut = 0.5Dv / 0.4102 = 1.22 Dv
Actual residence time = vessel length/vapor velocity
= Lv / uv = 3Dv / 0.185Dv−2 = 16.2 Dv3
For satisfactory separation required residence time = actual.
So, 1.22 Dv = 16.2 Dv3
Dv = 0.42 m , say 0.45m.
Liquid hold-up time,
Liquid volumetric flow-rate is 45810kg/hr =91.2m3/hr.
liquid cross-sectional area = π *(0.45)2 / 4*0.5 = 0.0795 m 2
Length, Lv = 3*0.45 = 1.35 m
Hold-up volume = 0.0795*1.5 = 0.1073 m3
Hold-up time = liquid volume/liquid flow-rate
= 0.1073 /(91.2 / 3600) = 4.23 s << 10 minutes
As same as D101 design, increase the vessel diameter to reach higher residence time. After
several trying, new Dv is given.
New Dv = 2.4 m
Recalculate:
Liquid hold-up time,
Liquid volumetric flow-rate is 91.2m3/hr.
liquid cross-sectional area = π *(2.4) 2 / 4*0.5 = 2.26 m 2
Length, Lv = 3* 2.4 = 7.2 m ,
Hold-up volume = 2.26*7.2 = 16.272 m3
Hold-up time = liquid volume/liquid flow-rate
= 16.272 /(91.2 / 3600) = 642.3 s = 10.7 minutes
This is satisfactory.
D2 (2.4) 2
The vessel volume is π v Lv = π * *7.2 = 32.6 m3
4 4
Result:
Vessel diameter: 2.4m.
Vessel length: 7.2m.
Vessel volume: 32.6m3.

E-70
Appendix E.8 Equipment Summary & Specification Sheets

E-71
 REACTORS, COLUMNS & VESSELS – SUMMARY

EQUIPMENT NR. : RX001 RX002 D101 D102 D201

NAME : Shell Side Tube Side Gas sep. Gas Buffer Gas Comp.
Reactor Reactor Drum Feed Drum Suc.Drum
Vertical Multi tube Horizontal Vertical Vertical
Vertical
Pressure [bara] : 1 1 30 30 1
Temp. [oC] : 540 850 55 42.5 25
Volume [m3] : 4.45 0.45 (1) 10.6 42.4 51.5
Diameter [m] : 1.63 0.30 1.5 3 3.2
L or H [m] : 6.41 6.41 6 6 6.4
Internals
- Tray Type : - -
- Tray Number : - -
- Fixed Packing
Type : Fixed bed Fixed bed
Shape : - -
- Catalyst
Type : Pt on Zeolite V2O5
Shape : Sphere Sphere
-
-
-
Number
- Series : - -
- Parallel : 2 (2) 2 (2)
Materials of SS304 SS304 CS CS CS
Construction :
Other :
Remarks:
(1) There are 20 tubes in one reactor, which is the total volume of tube side 9.06 m3.
(2) The number of Reactor is 2, one for operation, the other one for de coke.

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-72
 REACTORS, COLUMNS & VESSELS – SUMMARY

EQUIPMENT NR. : D301 D302 D401 T301 T302

NAME : T301 Reflux T302 Reflux MDEA Sol Light Gas Ethylene
Drum Drum Drum Column Column
Horizontal Horizontal Vertical Vertical column Vertical
Column
Pressure [bara] : 15 15 30 15 15
Temp. [oC] : -131.44 -39 30 -131/10 -39/39
Volume [m3] : 32.6 3.45 3.45 - -
Diameter [m] : 2.4 1.3 1.3 2.15 1.95
L or H [m] : 7.2 2.6 2.6 15.30 18.70
Internals
- Tray Type :
-
- Tray Number :
-
- Fixed Packing
Packed column Packed column
Type :
Pall ring Pall ring
Shape :
- Catalyst
- -
Type :
- -
Shape :
-
-
-
Number
- Series : - -
- Parallel : - -
Materials of CS CS CS CS CS
Construction :
Other :
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-73
 REACTORS, COLUMNS & VESSELS – SUMMARY

EQUIPMENT NR. : T303 T401 T402

NAME : Propylene CO2 CO2
Column Absorber Regenerator
Vertical Vertical Vertical
Column Column Column
Pressure [bara] : 15 30 1
Temp. [oC] : 34/43 30 101-104
Volume [m3] : - 22.6 62.9
Diameter [m] : 4.5 1.3 3.65
L or H [m] : 131.00 17 4.25
Internals
- Tray Type : - - -
- Tray Number : - - -
- Fixed Packing
Type : Packed column Packed column Packed column
Shape : Pall ring Pall ring Pall ring
- Catalyst
Type : - - -
Shape : - - -
-
-
-
Number
- Series : -
- Parallel : -
Materials of CS CS/Coating CS
Construction :
Other :
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-74
 HEAT EXCHANGERS & FURNACES – SUMMARY

EQUIPMENT NR. : E001 E002 E003 E004 E005

NAME : Propane feed Propane feed Propane feed Propane feed Propane feed
heater 1 heater 2 heater 3 heater 4 heater 5
Shell and tubes Shell and tubes Electric heater Shell and tubes Electric heater
heat exchanger heat exchanger (1) heat exchanger (1)
Substance
- Tubes : C3-/C3=/C2=/ C3-/C3=/C2=/ C3-/C3=/C2=/
H2/CH4 H2/CH4 H2/CH4/CO/C
O2/H2O
- Shell : n-C3 n-C3 n-C3
Duty [kW] : 7890 6632 359 7536 1645
Heat Exchange
24966 15785
area [m2] : 7569
Number
- Series : 1 1 1
- Parallel : - -
Pressure [bara]
- Tubes : 1 1 1
- Shell : 1 1 1
Temperature
In / Out [oC]
- Tubes : 308.0 / 32.029 540.0 / 308.0 850.0 / 550.0
- Shell : 25.0 / 298.0 298.0 / 528.0 540.0 / 795.0
Special Materials of Tubes : CS Tubes : CS Tubes : CS
Construction : Shell : CS Shell : CS Shell : CS
Other :
Remarks:
Heat exchangers are calculated with heat integration
(1) Electric heater is used for start-up. During normally operation, it could be used for controllability.

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-75
 HEAT EXCHANGERS & FURNACES – SUMMARY

EQUIPMENT NR. : E006 E101 E102 E103 E201

NAME : Propane feed Shell product Compressed Compressed Tube
heater 6 cooler gas product gas product product
cooler cooler2 cooler
Electric heater Shell and Shell and tubes Shell and tubes Shell and
(1) tubes heat heat exchanger heat exchanger tubes heat
exchanger exchanger
Substance
- Tubes : C3-/C3=/C2=/ C3-/C3=/C2=/ C3-/C3=/C2=/ C3-/C3=/C2=/
H2/CH4 H2/CH4 H2/CH4 H2/CH4/CO/C
O2/H2O
- Shell : Cooling W. C3 recycle Cooling W. C3 recycle.
Duty [kW] : 1760 200 4800.7 294.3 4916
Heat Exchange
area [m2] : 167 4153 36 4106
Number
- Series : 1 1 1 1
- Parallel : - - - -
Pressure [bara]
- Tubes : 1 1 1 1.0
- Shell : 4.0 15 4 1.0
Temperature
In / Out [oC]
- Tubes : 32.029 / 20.0 227.0 / 65.0 65.0 / 50.0 550.0 / 308.0
- Shell : 25.0 / 26.0 43.0 / 217.0 20.0 / 27.2 298.0 / 476.0
Special Materials of Tubes : CS Tubes : CS Tubes : CS Tubes : CS
Construction : Shell : CS Shell : CS Shell : CS Shell : CS
Other :
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-76
 HEAT EXCHANGERS & FURNACES – SUMMARY

EQUIPMENT NR. : E202 E203 E204 E301A E301B

NAME : Tube product Tube Compressed T301 T301
Cooler2 product tube gas Light Gas Light Gas
Cooler3 cooler Column Column
Reboiler Condenser
Shell and tubes Shell and Shell and Shell and tubes Shell and tubes
heat exchanger tubes heat tubes heat heat exchanger heat exchanger
exchanger exchanger
Substance
- Tubes : C3-/C3=/C2=/ C3-/C3=/C2=/ C3-/C3=/C2=/ C3-/C3=/C2= Light gas
H2/CH4/CO/C H2/CH4/CO/C H2/CH4/CO/
O2/H2O O2/H2O CO2/H2O
- Shell : C3 recycle Cooling W. Cooling W. Hot Water. Expanded H2
Duty [kW] : 2242.3 2961 4967 1515 7290
Heat Exchange
area [m2] : 12659 609 363 85 1060
Number
- Series : 1 1 1 1 1
- Parallel : - - - -
Pressure [bara]
- Tubes : 30 1.45 30.0 15.0 15.0
- Shell : 1 4 4.0 4.0 5.0
Temperature
In / Out [oC]
- Tubes : 308.0 / 219.0 219.0 / 25.0 288.6 / 30.0 9.52 / 9.52 -131.0 / -131.0
- Shell : 217.0 / 298.0 20.0 / 121.0 20.0 / 100.0 65.0 / 50.0 -250.0/ -200.0
Special Materials of Tubes : CS Tubes : CS Tubes : CS Tubes : CS Tubes : CS
Construction : Shell : CS Shell : CS Shell : CS Shell : CS Shell : CS
Other :
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-77
 HEAT EXCHANGERS & FURNACES – SUMMARY

EQUIPMENT NR. : E302A E302B E303A E303B E303C

NAME : T302 T302 T303 T303 Heat
C2 Column C2 Column C3 C3 Column Compressor
Reboiler Condenser Column Condenser after cooler
Reboiler
Shell and tubes Shell and tubes Shell and Shell and Shell and
heat exchanger heat exchanger tubes heat tubes heat tubes heat
exchanger exchanger exchanger
Substance
- Tubes : C3= /C3-/C2= C3= /C3-/C2= C 3- C 3= C 3=
-
- Shell : Hot water C2= expanded C 3= C 3- Cooling W.
Duty [kW] : 4601 3954 61 604 543
Heat Exchange
area [m2] : 722 526 1073 503 145
Number
- Series : 1 1 1 1 1
- Parallel : - - - - -
Pressure [bara]
- Tubes : 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
- Shell : 4.0 4.0 15.0 15.0 4.0
Temperature
In / Out [oC]
- Tubes : 39.65 / 39.65 -39.0 / -39.0 42.5 / 42.7 35 / 38.0 45.9 / 43.2
- Shell : 65.0 / 50.0 -75.0 / -70.0 43.2 / 42.5 48.8 / 35.0 20.0 / 25.0
Special Materials of Tubes : CS Tubes : CS Tubes : CS Tubes : CS Tubes : CS
Construction : Shell : CS Shell : CS Shell : CS Shell : CS Shell : CS
Other :
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-78
 HEAT EXCHANGERS & FURNACES – SUMMARY

EQUIPMENT NR. : E401 E402 AE101 AE102 AE202

NAME : MDEA CO2 Stripper Shell product Compressed Tube product
Cooler Reboiler cooler gas product Cooler
cooler
Shell and tubes Shell and tubes Shell and Shell and Shell and tubes
heat exchanger heat exchanger tubes heat tubes heat heat exchanger
exchanger exchanger
Substance
- Tubes : MDEA Spent MDEA C3-/C3=/C2=/ C3-/C3=/C2=/ C3-/C3=/C2=/
- Shell : CW MS H2/CH4 H2/CH4 H2/CH4/CO/C
O2/H2O
BFW. BFW. BFW
Duty [kW] : 8,132 34,377 14722 4140 20727
Heat Exchange
area [m2] : 464 1,034 621 172 756
Number
- Series : - 1 1 1 1
- Parallel : - - - -
Pressure [bara]
- Tubes : 30 30 1 30 1
- Shell : 4 4 4.0 4 4
Temperature
In / Out [oC]
- Tubes : 101.97/30 101 / 104 540.0 / 25.0 227.0 / 55.0 850.0 / 25.0
- Shell : 20/70 150 / 105 20.0 / 250.0 20.0 / 100.0 20.0 / 500.0
Special Materials of Tubes : CS Tubes : CS Tubes : CS Tubes : CS Tubes : CS
Construction : Shell : CS Shell : CS Shell : CS Shell : CS Shell : CS
Other :
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-79
 HEAT EXCHANGERS & FURNACES – SUMMARY

EQUIPMENT NR. : AE203

NAME : Tube product
Cooler
Shell and tubes
heat exchanger
Substance
- Tubes : C3-/C3=/C2=/
- Shell : H2/CH4/CO/C
O2/H2O
BFW
Duty [kW] : 4970
Heat Exchange
area [m2] : 538
Number
- Series : 1
- Parallel : -
Pressure [bara]
- Tubes : 30
- Shell : 4
Temperature
In / Out [oC]
- Tubes : 308.0 / 30.0
- Shell : 20.0 / 250.0
Special Materials of Tubes : CS
Construction : Shell : CS
Other :
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-80
 PUMPS, BLOWERS & COMPRESSORS – SUMMARY

EQUIPMENT NR. : C101 C201 C303 P101A/B P102A/B

NAME : Shell Product Tube Product Propylene heat (AP202) Process
Compressor Compressor Compressor Process water pump2
water
pump1:
Type : Centrifugal(1) Centrifugal(1) Centrifugal Centrifugal Centrifugal
Number : 1 1 1 2 2
Medium
transferred : C3= / n-C3/ C3= / n-C3/ C 3= water water
C2=/Light gas C2=/Light gas
Capacity
[kg/s] : - - - 0.365 0.365
3
Inlet [m /s] : 7.32 6.63 3.37
3
Density Inlet [kg/m ] 1.48 1.17 31.24 1,000 1,000
Pressure [bara]
Suct. / Disch. : 1.0/ 30.0 1.0/30.0 15.0/17.0 1.0 / 3.0 1.0 / 3.0
Temperature
In / Out [oC] : 25.0 / 215.0 25.0/308.2 35.0/45.9 25 / 25 25 / 25
Power [kW]
- Theor. : 3156 3161 647.3 0.172 0.172
- Actual : 4170 4516 899.0 0.245 0.245
Number
- Theor. :
- Actual : 1 1 1 2(2) 2(2)
Special Materials of
Construction : MS casing MS casing MS casing MS casing MS casing
Other : Double Double Double Double Double
mechanical mechanical mechanical mechanical mechanical
seals seals seals seals seals
Remarks:
(1) 2 stage compressor.
(2) One installed spare included

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-81
PUMPS, BLOWERS & COMPRESSORS – SUMMARY

EQUIPMENT NR. : P103A/B P301A/B P301C/D P302A/B P302C/D

NAME : Process T301Bottom T301Reflux T302Bottom T302Reflux
water pump3 pump pump pump pump
Type : Centrifugal Centrifugal Centrifugal Centrifugal Centrifugal
Number : 2 2 2 2 2
Medium
transferred : water C3= / n-C3 C3= / n-C3 C3= / n-C3 n-C3 / C3=
C 2= C 2=
Capacity
[kg/s] : 0.365 13.42 12.72 11.12 8.63
3
Inlet [m /s] : - -
Density Inlet [kg/m3] 1,000 456 502 426 426
Pressure [bara]
Suct. / Disch. : 1.0 / 3.0 15.0 / 16.5 15.0/16.5 15.0 / 23.0 15.0 / 17.0
Temperature
In / Out [oC] : 25 / 25 9.5 -131 39.9 / 41.2 -39
Power [kW]
- Theor. : 0.172 4.38 5.06 21 4
- Actual : 0.245 6.25 7.31 30 6
Number
- Theor. :
- Actual : 2(1) 2(1) 2(1) 2(1) 2(1)
Special Materials of
Construction : MS casing MS casing MS casing MS casing MS casing
Other : Double Double Double Double Double
mechanical mechanical mechanical mechanical mechanical
seals seals seals seals seals
Remarks:
(1) One installed spare included.

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-82
 PUMPS, BLOWERS & COMPRESSORS – SUMMARY

EQUIPMENT NR. : P303A/B P402A/B P403A/B

NAME : T303Bottom MDEA MDEA
pump: recycle recycle
pump1 pump2
Type : Centrifugal Centrifugal Centrifugal
Number : 2 2 2
Medium
transferred : n-C3 MDEA soln MDEA soln
Capacity
[kg/s] : 9.84 32 32
3
Inlet [m /s] :
Density Inlet [kg/m3] 417 990 990
Pressure [bara]
Suct. / Disch. : 15.0 /17.0 1.0/2.5 1.0/30.0
Temperature
In / Out [oC] : 43 101 30
Power [kW]
- Theor. : 4.7 5.2 92
- Actual : 7 7.38 131
Number
- Theor. :
- Actual : 2(1) 2(1) 2(1)
Special Materials of
Construction : MS casing MS casing MS casing
Other : Double Double Double
mechanical mechanical mechanical
seals seals seals
Remarks:
(1) One installed spare included.

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-83
Specification Sheets

E-84
 SHELL & TUBE REACTOR – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : RX001 & RX002 (1) In Series : 1

NAME : Shell & Tube Reactor In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Reactor
Type : - Shell and Tube
Position :
- Horizontal
- Vertical
Capacity [m3] : 13.51 (Calc.)
Heat Exchange Area [m2] : 121 (Calc.)
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient [W/m2⋅oC] : 500 (Approx.)
Log. Mean Temperature Diff. (LMTD) [oC] : -
Passes Tube Side : 1
Passes Shell Side : 1
Correction Factor LMTD (min. 0.75) : -
Corrected LMTD [oC] : -
Process Conditions
Shell Side Tube Side
Medium : C3=/C2=/CH4/H2/C3- C3=/C2=/CH4/H2/C3-
/CO/CO2/H2O
Mass Stream [kg/s] : 10.84 9.10
Mass Stream to
- Evaporize [kg/s] : - -
- Condense [kg/s] : - -
3.499
Average Specific Heat [kJ/kg⋅oC] :
3.512
Heat of Evap. / Condensation [kJ/kg] : -
-
Temperature IN [oC] : 540 850
Temperature OUT [oC] : - -
Pressure [bara] :
Material : 1 1
SS304 SS304

Remarks:
(1) Novel reactor type

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-85
 VESSEL – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : D101 In Series : 1

NAME : Gas sep. Drum In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Buffer / Storage / Separation / Reaction

Type : - Drum

Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Internals : - Demister / Plate / Coil / _________
Heating/Cooling medium : - none / Open / Closed / External Hxgr /________
- Type : n.a.
- Quantity [kg/s] : n.a.
- Press./Temp.’s [bara/oC] : n.a.
Vessel Diameter (ID) [m] : 1.5
Vessel Height [m] : 6
Vessel Tot. Volume [m3] : 10.6
Vessel Material : Carbon steel
Other :
Process Conditions
Stream Data Feed Top Bottom

Temperature [oC] 55 54.7 54.7

Pressure [bara] 30 30 30
3
Density [kg/m ] 66.4 48.7 435.1
Mass Flow [kg/s] 10.8 7.4 3.4

Composition mol% wt% mol% wt% mol% wt%

C3H8 0.575 0.55 0.528 0.69 0.702 0.72
C2H4 343ppm 0.21 399ppm 0.00 191ppm 0.00
C3H6 0.253 0.23 0.242 0.30 0.284 0.28
CH4 343ppm 0.00 436ppm 0.00 90ppm 0.00
H2 0.171 0.01 0.229 0.01 0.013 0.00
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B.Wang Y.Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-86
 VESSEL – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : D102 In Series : 1

NAME : Gas Buffer Feed Drum In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Buffer / Storage / Separation / Reaction

Type : - Drum

Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Internals : - Demister / Plate / Coil / _________
Heating/Cooling medium : - none / Open / Closed / External Hxgr /________
- Type : n.a.
- Quantity [kg/s] : n.a.
- Press./Temp.’s [bara/oC] : n.a.
Vessel Diameter (ID) [m] : 3
Vessel Height [m] : 6
Vessel Tot. Volume [m3] : 42.4
Vessel Material : Carbon steel
Other :
Process Conditions
Stream Data Feed 1 Feed 2 Out

Temperature [oC] 54.7 30 42.5

Pressure [bara] 30 30 30
Density [kg/m3] 48.7 40.9 43.7
Mass Flow [kg/s] 7.4 7.5 14.9
Composition mol% wt% mol% wt% mol% wt%
C3H8 0.528 0.68 0.019 0.18 0.306 0.43
N2 0.00 0.00 0.011 0.01 0.006 0.01
C2H4 399ppm 0.00 0.315 0.31 0.171 0.15
C3H6 0.242 0.30 0.226 0.33 0.233 0.31
CH4 436ppm 0.00 0.138 0.08 0.075 0.04
H2 0.229 0.01 0.101 0.01 0.160 0.01
H2O 0.00 0.01 0.002 0.00 0.001 0.00
CO 0.00 0.00 0.086 0.08 0.047 0.04
CO2 0.00 0.00 0.001 0.00 668ppm 0.00
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B.Wang Y.Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-87
 VESSEL – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : D201 In Series : 1

NAME : Gas Comp.Suc.Drum In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Buffer / Storage / Separation / Reaction

Type : - Drum
Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Internals : - Demister / Plate / Coil / _________
Heating/Cooling medium : - none / Open / Closed / External Hxgr /________
- Type : n.a.
- Quantity [kg/s] : n.a.
- Press./Temp.’s [bara/oC] : n.a.
Vessel Diameter (ID) [m] : 3.2
Vessel Height [m] : 6.4
Vessel Tot. Volume [m3] : 51.5
Vessel Material : Carbon steel
Other :

Process Conditions
Stream Data Feed Outlet

Temperature [oC] 25 25
Pressure [bara] 1 1
Density [kg/m3] 1.2 1.2
Mass Flow [kg/s] 7.7 7.7
Composition mol% wt% mol% wt%
C3H8 0.115 0.18 0.115 0.18
N2 0.011 0.01 0.011 0.01
C2H4 0.304 0.30 0.304 0.30
C3H6 0.218 0.32 0.218 0.32
CH4 0.133 0.07 0.133 0.07
H2 0.098 0.01 0.098 0.01
H2O 0.024 0.01 0.024 0.01
CO 0.083 0.08 0.083 0.08
CO2 0.015 0.02 0.015 0.02
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B.Wang Y.Zou Date : 16 December 2003
E-88
 VESSEL – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : D301 In Series : 1

NAME : T301 Reflux Drum In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Buffer / Storage / Separation / Reaction

Type : Drum

Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Internals : - Demister / Plate / Coil / _________
Heating/Cooling medium : - none / Open / Closed / External Hxgr /________
- Type : n.a.
- Quantity [kg/s] : n.a.
- Press./Temp.’s [bara/oC] : n.a.
Vessel Diameter (ID) [m] : 2.4
Vessel Height [m] : 7.2
Vessel Tot. Volume [m3] : 32.6
Vessel Material : Carbon steel
Other :

Process Conditions
Stream Data Feed Outlet Reflux

Temperature [oC] -131.44 -131.44 -131.44

Pressure [bara] 15 15 15
Density [kg/m3] 20.14 14.2 502.50
Mass Flow [kg/s] 14.2 1.5 12.7
Composition mol% wt% mol% wt% mol% wt%
C3H8 0.000 0.000 trace 0.00 0.000 0.000
N2 0.008 0.010 0.021 0.06 0.004 0.005
C2H4 0.418 0.555 0.007 0.02 0.494 0.619
C3H6 0.000 0.000 trace 0.00 0.000 0.000
CH4 0.395 0.337 0.260 0.39 0.462 0.331
H2 0.115 0.011 0.551 0.10 0.005 0.000
H2O 0.000 0.000 trace 0.00 0.000 0.000
CO 0.064 0.085 0.161 0.43 0.036 0.045
CO2 0.000 0.001 2ppm 0.00 0.000 0.001
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B.Wang Y.Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-89
 VESSEL – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : D302 In Series : 1

NAME : T302 Reflux Drum In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Buffer / Storage / Separation / Reaction

Type : - Drum

Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Internals : - Demister / Plate / Coil / _________
Heating/Cooling medium : - none / Open / Closed / External Hxgr /________
- Type : n.a.
- Quantity [kg/s] : n.a.
- Press./Temp.’s [bara/oC] : n.a.
Vessel Diameter (ID) [m] : 1.3
Vessel Height [m] : 2.6
Vessel Tot. Volume [m3] : 3.45
Vessel Material : Carbon steel
Other :

Process Conditions
Stream Data Feed Outlet Reflux

Temperature [oC] -39 -39 -39

Pressure [bara] 15 15 15
Density [kg/m3] 426.3 426.3 426.3
Mass Flow [kg/s] 11.0 2.3 8.7

Composition mol% wt% mol% wt% mol% wt%

C3H8 544ppm 0.579 544ppm 0.579 544ppm 0.579
N2 trace 0.000 trace 0.000 trace 0.000
C2H4 0.992 0.000 0.992 0.000 0.992 0.000
C3H6 0.004 0.420 0.004 0.420 0.004 0.420
CH4 29ppm 0.000 29ppm 0.000 29ppm 0.000
H2 trace 0.000 trace 0.000 trace 0.000
H2O trace 0.001 trace 0.001 trace 0.001
CO trace 0.000 trace 0.000 trace 0.000
CO2 0.004 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.004 0.000
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B.Wang Y.Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-90
 VESSEL – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : D401 In Series : 1

NAME : MDEA Sol Drum In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Buffer / Storage / Separation / Reaction

Type : -

Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Internals : - Demister / Plate / Coil / _________
Heating/Cooling medium : - none / Open / Closed / External Hxgr /________
- Type : n.a.
- Quantity [kg/s] : n.a.
- Press./Temp.’s [bara/oC] : n.a.
Vessel Diameter (ID) [m] : 1.3
Vessel Height [m] : 2.6
Vessel Tot. Volume [m3] : 3.45
Vessel Material : Carbon steel
Other :

Process Conditions
Stream Data Feed Bottom

Temperature [oC] 30 30
Pressure [bara] 30 30
3
Density [kg/m ] 656.45 656.45
Mass Flow [kg/s] 70.0 70.0

Composition wt% wt% mol% wt%

CO2 10ppm 0.00 10ppm 0.00
H2O 0.870 0.503 0.870 0.503
MDEA 0.130 0.497 0.130 0.497
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B.Wang Y.Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-91
 DISTILLATION COLUMN – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : T-301

NAME : Light Gas/Main products separation
General Data
Service : - distillation / extraction / absorption /
Column Type : - packed / tray / spray /
Packed Type : - cap / pall-ring / valve /
Tray Number (1)
- Theoretical : 20
- Actual :
- Feed (actual) : 10
Tray Distance (HETP) [m] : 0.850 Tray Material :
Column Diameter [m] : 2.15 Column Material : CS (2)
Column Height [m] : 15.3
Heating : - none / open steam / reboiler / (3)
Process Conditions
Reflux / Extractant /
Stream Details Feed Top Bottom
Absorbent side stream
Temp. [oC] : 42.5 : -131.4 : 9.5 : -131.4
Pressure [bara] : 30 : 15 : 15 : 15
Density [kg/m3] : 43.72 : 14.22 : 455.8 : 455.8
Mass Flow [kg/s] : 14.88 : 1.47 : 13.41 : 12.72
Composition mol% wt% mol% wt% mol% wt% mol% wt% mol% wt%
Propane 30.6 43.27 Trace Trace 43.1 48.0
Nitrogen 0.6 0.55 2.1 5.63 Trace Trace
Ethylene 17.1 15.41 0.7 1.92 23.8 16.88
Propylene 23.3 31.5 Trace Trace 32.9 34.94
Methane 7.5 3.88 26.0 39.39 Trace Trace
Hydrogen 16.0 1.03 55.1 10.50 Trace Trace
Water 0.1 0.07 Trace Trace 0.2 0.08
Carbon monoxide 4.7 4.19 16.1 42.56 Trace Trace
Carbon dioxide 0.07 0.09 Trace Trace 0.09 0.10
Column Internals
Trays (5) Packing
Number of Type : pall-ring
caps / sieve holes / : … Material : metal
2 3
Active Tray Area [m ] : … Volume [m ] :
Weir Length [mm] : … Length [m] :
Diameter of Width [m] :
chute pipe / hole / [mm] : … Height [m] :15.3
Remarks:
(1) Tray numbering from top to bottom.
(2) CS = Carbon Steel.

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-92
 DISTILLATION COLUMN – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : T-302

NAME : Ethylene/Propylene separation
General Data
Service : - distillation / extraction / absorption /
Column Type : - packed / tray / spray /
Packed Type : - cap / pall-ring / valve /
Tray Number (1)
- Theoretical : 24
- Actual :
- Feed (actual) : 14
Tray Distance (HETP) [m] : 0.85 Tray Material :
Column Diameter [m] : 1.95 Column Material : CS (2)
Column Height [m] : 18.7
Heating : - none / open steam / reboiler /
Process Conditions
Feed Top Reflux / Extractant /
Stream Details Bottom
Absorbent side stream
Temp. [oC] : 9.5 : -39 : 39.9 : 3.764
Pressure [bara] : 15 : 15 : 15 : 15
Density [kg/m3] : 455.8 : 426.3 : 426.1 : 426.1
Mass Flow [kg/s] : 13.42 : 2.29 : 11.12 : 21.77
Composition mol% wt% mol% wt% mol% wt% mol% wt% mol% wt%
Ethylene 23.8 16.8 99.2 98.7 0.002 0.01 99.2 98.7
Propane 32.9 34.9 0.4 0.6 43.1 42.0- 0.4 0.6

Column Internals (4)

Trays Packing
Number of Type : Pall ring
caps / sieve holes / : … Material : metal
Active Tray Area [m2] : … Volume [m3] :
Weir Length [mm] : … Length [m] :
Diameter of Width [m] :
chute pipe / hole / [mm] : … Height [m] : 18.7
Remarks:
(1)Tray numbering from top to bottom.
(2)CS = Carbon Steel.

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-93
 DISTILLATION COLUMN – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : T-303

NAME : Propylene/propane separation
General Data
Service : - distillation / extraction / absorption /
Column Type : - packed / tray / spray /
Packed Type : - cap / pall-ring / valve /
Tray Number (1)
- Theoretical :
- Actual : 156
- Feed (actual) : 93
Tray Distance (HETP) [m] : 0.85 Tray Material :
Column Diameter [m] : 4.59 Column Material : CS (2)
Column Height [m] : 23.0
Heating : - none / open steam / reboiler /
Process Conditions
Feed Top Reflux / Extractant /
Stream Details Bottom
Absorbent side stream
Temp. [oC] : 37.9 : 34.8 : 42.7 : 35
Pressure [bara] : 15 : 15 : 15 : 15
Density [kg/m3] : 244.63 : 31.29 : 417.144 : 417.144
Mass Flow [kg/s] : 14.56 : 4.72 : 9.84 : 100.54
Composition mol% wt% mol% wt% mol% wt% mol% wt% mol% wt%
Propylene 39.6 38.7 98.9 99.8 9.7 9.4 98.9 99.8
Propane 59.9 61.2 0.05 0.05 90.0 90.5 0.05 0.05

Column Internals (4)

Trays Number of Packing Type :
caps / sieve holes / : … Material :
Active Tray Area [m2] : … Volume [m3] :
Weir Length [mm] : … Length [m] :
Diameter of Width [m] :
chute pipe / hole / [mm] : … Height [m] :130.9
Remarks:
(1)Tray numbering from top to bottom.
(2)CS = Carbon Steel.

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-94
 ABSORBER COLUMN – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : T-401

NAME : Carbon dioxide Absorber
General Data
Service : - distillation / extraction / absorption /
Column Type : - packed / tray / spray /
Packed Type : - cap / pall-ring / valve /
Tray Number
- Theoretical :
- Actual : 20
- Feed (actual) : Stream 209: from bottom; Stream 401: from top
Tray Distance (HETP) [m] : 0.850 Tray Material :
Column Diameter [m] : 1.3 Column Material : CS
Column Height [m] : 17.00
Heating : - none / open steam / reboiler /
Process Conditions
Feed Feed Outlet Outlet Reflux /
Stream Details
Stream 209 Stream 403 Stream 401 Stream 402 Absorbent
Temp. [oC] 30 30 30 30
Pressure [bara] 30 30 30 30
Density [kg/m3] 41.18 1002 40.89 1002
Mass Flow [kg/s] 7.64 31.91 7.48 32.07
Composition mol% wt% mol% wt% mol% wt% mol% wt% mol% wt%
Propane 0.117 0.178 0.000 0.000 0.119 0.182 0.000 0.000
Ethylene 0.310 0.300 0.000 0.000 0.315 0.307 0.000 0.000
Propylene 0.223 0.323 0.000 0.000 0.226 0.331 0.000 0.000
Carbon monoxide 0.084 0.081 0.000 0.000 0.086 0.084 0.000 0.000
Carbon dioxide 0.015 0.024 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.145 0.193
Methane 0.136 0.076 0.000 0.000 0.139 0.077 0.000 0.000
Hydrogen 0.100 0.007 0.000 0.000 0.102 0.007 0.000 0.000
Water 0.002 0.001 0.869 0.500 0.002 0.001 0.742 0.403
Nitrogen 0.011 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.011 0.011 0.000 0.000
MDEA 0.000 0.000 0.131 0.500 0.000 0.000 0.112 0.403

Column Internals (4)

Trays Number of Packing Type : Pall ring
caps / sieve holes / : … Material :metal
Active Tray Area [m2] : … Volume [m3] :
Weir Length [mm] : … Length [m] :
Diameter of Width [m] :
chute pipe / hole / [mm] Height [m] : 17
Remark:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-95
 DISTILLATION COLUMN – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : T-402

NAME : CO2 –MDEA Sol stripper
General Data
Service : - Stripper / extraction / absorption /
Column Type : - packed / tray / spray /
Packed Type : - cap / pall-ring / valve /
Tray Number
- Theoretical : -
- Actual : 7
- Feed (actual) : 1
Tray Distance (HETP) [m] : 0.85 Tray Material :
Column Diameter [m] : 3.65 Column Material : CS
Column Height [m] : 4.25
Heating : - none / open steam / reboiler /
Process Conditions
Feed Top Reflux / Extractant /
Stream Details Bottom
Absorbent side stream
Temp. [oC] : 30 : 101 : 105 :
Pressure [bara] : 30 : 1.0 :1.0 :
Density [kg/m3] : 1002 : 0.58 :1002 :
Mass Flow [kg/s] : 32.07 : 0.16 31.9 :
Composition mol% wt% Mol% wt% Mol% wt% mol% wt% mol% wt%
Water 32.4 14.9 trace trace 87 50 - -
MDEA 4.9 14.9 trace trace 13 50 - -
CO2 62.7 70.2 99.99 99.99 trace trace - -

Column Internals
Trays Number of Packing Type : pall ring
caps / sieve holes / : … Material : Plastic
Active Tray Area [m2] : … Volume [m3] :
Weir Length [mm] : … Length [m] :
Diameter of Width [m] :
chute pipe / hole / [mm] : … Height [m] : 4.25
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-96
 HEAT EXCHANGER – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : E-001 In Series : 1

NAME : Feed Heater1 In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Heat Exchanger - Vaporizer
- Cooler - Reboiler
- Condenser (water cooled)
Type : - Fixed Tube Sheets - Plate Heat Exchanger
- Floating Head - Finned Tubes
- Hair Pin - Thermosyphon
- Double Tube
Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Capacity [kW] : 7890 (Calc.)
Heat Exchange Area [m2] : 24966 (Calc.)
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient [W/m ⋅ C] :
2o
50 (Approx.)
Log. Mean Temperature Diff. (LMTD) [oC] : 8
Passes Tube Side : 2
Passes Shell Side : 1
Correction Factor LMTD (min. 0.75) : 0.75
Corrected LMTD [oC] : 6.32
Process Conditions
Shell Side Tube Side
Medium : No. 001 No. 102
Mass Stream [kg/s] : 8.23 10.84
Mass Stream to
- Evaporate [kg/s] :
- Condense [kg/s] : -
Average Specific Heat [kJ/kg⋅oC] : 3.51 2.64
Heat of Evap. / Condensation [kJ/kg] : - -
Temperature IN [oC] : 25.0 308.0
Temperature OUT [oC] : 298.0 32.029
Pressure [bara] : 1 1
Material : CS CS
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-97
 HEAT EXCHANGER – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : E-002 In Series : 1

NAME : Feed Heater2 In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Heat Exchanger - Vaporizer
- Cooler - Reboiler
- Condenser (water cooled)
Type : - Fixed Tube Sheets - Plate Heat Exchanger
- Floating Head - Finned Tubes
- Hair Pin - Thermosyphon
- Double Tube
Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Capacity [kW] : 6632 (Calc.)
Heat Exchange Area [m2] : 15785 (Calc.)
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient [W/m ⋅ C] :
2o
50 (Approx.)
Log. Mean Temperature Diff. (LMTD) [oC] : 11
Passes Tube Side : 2
Passes Shell Side : 1
Correction Factor LMTD (min. 0.75) : 0.75
Corrected LMTD [oC] : 8.25
Process Conditions
Shell Side Tube Side
Medium : No. 002 No. 101
Mass Stream [kg/s] : 8.23 10.84
Mass Stream to
- Evaporate [kg/s] : - -
- Condense [kg/s] : - -
Average Specific Heat [kJ/kg⋅oC] : 3.50 2.64
Heat of Evap. / Condensation [kJ/kg] : - -
Temperature IN [oC] : 298.0 540.0
Temperature OUT [oC] : 528.0 308.0
Pressure [bara] : 1.0 1.0
Material : CS CS
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-98
 HEAT EXCHANGER – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : E-003 In Series : 1

NAME : Feed Heater3 (1) In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Electric heater - Vaporizer
- Cooler - Reboiler
- Condenser (water cooled)
Type : - Fixed Tube Sheets - Plate Heat Exchanger
- Floating Head - Finned Tubes
- Hair Pin - Thermosyphon
- Double Tube
Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Capacity [kW] : 359 (Calc.)
Heat Exchange Area [m2] : - (Calc.)
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient [W/m ⋅ C] :
2o
- (Approx.)
Log. Mean Temperature Diff. (LMTD) [oC] : -
Passes Tube Side :
Passes Shell Side : -
Correction Factor LMTD (min. 0.75) : -
Corrected LMTD [oC] : -
Process Conditions
Shell Side Tube Side
Medium : No. 003 electric
Mass Stream [kg/s] : 8.23 -
Mass Stream to
- Evaporate [kg/s] : - -
- Condense [kg/s] : - -
Average Specific Heat [kJ/kg⋅oC] : 3.5 -
Heat of Evap. / Condensation [kJ/kg] : - -
Temperature IN [oC] : 527.5 -
Temperature OUT [oC] : 540.0 -
Pressure [bara] : 1 1
Material : CS -
Remarks:

(1) Use during start up and used for temperature controllability during normal operation, target
temperature is 540 C

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-99
 HEAT EXCHANGER – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : E-004 In Series : 1

NAME : Feed Heater4 In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Heat Exchanger - Vaporizer
- Cooler - Reboiler
- Condenser (water cooled)
Type : - Fixed Tube Sheets - Plate Heat Exchanger
- Floating Head - Finned Tubes
- Hair Pin - Thermosyphon
- Double Tube
Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Capacity [kW] : 7536 (Calc.)
Heat Exchange Area [m2] : 7569 (Calc.)
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient [W/m ⋅ C] :
2o
50 (Approx.)
Log. Mean Temperature Diff. (LMTD) [oC] : 27
Passes Tube Side : 2
Passes Shell Side : 1
Correction Factor LMTD (min. 0.75) : 0.75
Corrected LMTD [oC] : 20.25
Process Conditions
Shell Side Tube Side
Medium : No. 007+008 No. 201
Mass Stream [kg/s] : 9.10 9.10
Mass Stream to
- Evaporate [kg/s] :
- Condense [kg/s] : -
Average Specific Heat [kJ/kg⋅oC] : 3.5 3.4
Heat of Evap. / Condensation [kJ/kg] : - -
Temperature IN [oC] : 540.0 850.0
Temperature OUT [oC] : 795.0 550.0
Pressure [bara] : 1 1
Material : CS CS
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003
E-100
 HEAT EXCHANGER – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : E-005 In Series : 1

NAME : Feed Heater5 (1) In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Electric heater - Vaporizer
- Cooler - Reboiler
- Condenser (water cooled)
Type : - Fixed Tube Sheets - Plate Heat Exchanger
- Floating Head - Finned Tubes
- Hair Pin - Thermosyphon
- Double Tube
Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Capacity [kW] : 1645 (Calc.)
Heat Exchange Area [m2] : - (Calc.)
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient [W/m ⋅ C] :
2o
- (Approx.)
Log. Mean Temperature Diff. (LMTD) [oC] : -
Passes Tube Side : -
Passes Shell Side : -
Correction Factor LMTD (min. 0.75) : -
Corrected LMTD [oC] : -
Process Conditions
Shell Side Tube Side
Medium : No. 009 electric
Mass Stream [kg/s] : 9.10 -
Mass Stream to
- Evaporate [kg/s] :
- Condense [kg/s] : -
Average Specific Heat [kJ/kg⋅oC] : 3.26 -
Heat of Evap. / Condensation [kJ/kg] : - -
Temperature IN [oC] : 540.0 -
Temperature OUT [oC] : 850.0 -
Pressure [bara] : 1 -
Material : CS -
Remarks:
(1) Use during start up and used for temperature controllability during normal operation, target
temperature is 850 C

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-101
 HEAT EXCHANGER – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : E-006 In Series : 1

NAME : Feed Heater6 (1) In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Electric heater - Vaporizer
- Cooler - Reboiler
- Condenser (water cooled)
Type : - Fixed Tube Sheets - Plate Heat Exchanger
- Floating Head - Finned Tubes
- Hair Pin - Thermosyphon
- Double Tube
Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Capacity [kW] : 1760 (Calc.)
Heat Exchange Area [m2] : - (Calc.)
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient [W/m ⋅ C] :
2o
- (Approx.)
Log. Mean Temperature Diff. (LMTD) [oC] : -
Passes Tube Side : -
Passes Shell Side : -
Correction Factor LMTD (min. 0.75) : -
Corrected LMTD [oC] : -
Process Conditions
Shell Side Tube Side
Medium : No. 317 eletric
Mass Stream [kg/s] : 9.83 -
Mass Stream to
- Evaporate [kg/s] :
- Condense [kg/s] : -
Average Specific Heat [kJ/kg⋅oC] : 2.8 -
Heat of Evap. / Condensation [kJ/kg] : - -
Temperature IN [oC] : 476.0 -
Temperature OUT [oC] : 540.0 -
Pressure [bara] : 1 -
Material : CS -
Remarks:
(1) Use during start up and used for temperature controllability during normal operation, target
temperature is 540 C

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-102
 HEAT EXCHANGER – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : E-101 In Series : 1

NAME : Shell Product cooler In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Heat Exchanger - Vaporizer
- Cooler - Reboiler
- Condenser
Type : - Fixed Tube Sheets - Plate Heat Exchanger
- Floating Head - Finned Tubes
- Hair Pin - Thermosyphon
- Double Tube
Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Capacity [kW] : 200 (Calc.)
Heat Exchange Area [m2] : 167 (Calc.)
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient [W/m ⋅ C] : 300
2o
(Approx.)
Log. Mean Temperature Diff. (LMTD) [oC] : 5
Passes Tube Side : 2
Passes Shell Side : 1
Correction Factor LMTD (min. 0.75) : 0.75
Corrected LMTD [oC] : 3.75
Process Conditions
Shell Side Tube Side
Medium : Cooling water No.103
Mass Stream [kg/s] : 10.0 10.84
Mass Stream to
- Evaporate [kg/s] :
- Condense [kg/s] : -
Average Specific Heat [kJ/kg⋅oC] : 4.2 3.52
Heat of Evap. / Condensation [kJ/kg] : - -
Temperature IN [oC] : 20.0 32.0
Temperature OUT [oC] : 26.0 25
Pressure [bara] : 4 1
Material : CS CS
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-103
 HEAT EXCHANGER – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : E-102 In Series : 1

NAME : Compressed gas product cooler In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Heat Exchanger - Vaporizer
- Cooler - Reboiler
- Condenser
Type : - Fixed Tube Sheets - Plate Heat Exchanger
- Floating Head - Finned Tubes
- Hair Pin - Thermosyphon
- Double Tube
Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Capacity [kW] :4800.7 (Calc.)
2
Heat Exchange Area [m ] :4513 (Calc.)
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient [W/m2⋅oC] : 100 (Approx.)
o
Log. Mean Temperature Diff. (LMTD) [ C] : 15
Passes Tube Side : 2
Passes Shell Side : 1
Correction Factor LMTD (min. 0.75) : 0.75
o
Corrected LMTD [ C] : 11.25
Process Conditions
Shell Side Tube Side
Medium : No. 314 No. 105
Mass Stream [kg/s] : 9.84 10.84
Mass Stream to
- Evaporate [kg/s] :
- Condense [kg/s] : -
Average Specific Heat [kJ/kg⋅ C]
o
: 3.2 2.69
Heat of Evap. / Condensation [kJ/kg] : - -
Temperature IN [oC] : 43.0 227.0
Temperature OUT [oC] : 217.0 65.0
Pressure [bara] : 15 1
Material : CS CS
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003
E-104
 HEAT EXCHANGER – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : E-103 In Series : 1

NAME : Compressed gas product cooler2 In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Heat Exchanger - Vaporizer
- Cooler - Reboiler
- Condenser
Type : - Fixed Tube Sheets - Plate Heat Exchanger
- Floating Head - Finned Tubes
- Hair Pin - Thermosyphon
- Double Tube
Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Capacity [kW] : 294.3 (Calc.)
Heat Exchange Area [m2] : 36 (Calc.)
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient [W/m ⋅ C] :
2o
300 (Approx.)
Log. Mean Temperature Diff. (LMTD) [oC] : 36
Passes Tube Side : 2
Passes Shell Side : 1
Correction Factor LMTD (min. 0.75) : 0.75
Corrected LMTD [oC] : 27
Process Conditions
Shell Side Tube Side
Medium : Cooling water No. 106
Mass Stream [kg/s] : 9.83 10.84
Mass Stream to
- Evaporate [kg/s] :
- Condense [kg/s] : -
Average Specific Heat [kJ/kg⋅oC] : 4.2 2.69
Heat of Evap. / Condensation [kJ/kg] : - -
Temperature IN [oC] : 20.0 65.0
Temperature OUT [oC] : 27.2 55.0
Pressure [bara] : 4 1
Material : CS CS
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-105
 HEAT EXCHANGER – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : E-201 In Series : 1

NAME : Tube product cooler In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Heat Exchanger - Vaporizer
- Cooler - Reboiler
- Condenser
Type : - Fixed Tube Sheets - Plate Heat Exchanger
- Floating Head - Finned Tubes
- Hair Pin - Thermosyphon
- Double Tube
Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Capacity [kW] : 4916 (Calc.)
Heat Exchange Area [m2] : 4106 (Calc.)
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient [W/m ⋅ C] :
2o
50 (Approx.)
Log. Mean Temperature Diff. (LMTD) [oC] : 32
Passes Tube Side : 2
Passes Shell Side : 1
Correction Factor LMTD (min. 0.75) : 0.75
Corrected LMTD [oC] : 24
Process Conditions
Shell Side Tube Side
Medium : No.316 No. 202
Mass Stream [kg/s] : 9.84 9.10
Mass Stream to
- Evaporate [kg/s] :
- Condense [kg/s] : -
Average Specific Heat [kJ/kg⋅oC] : 2.80 3.40
Heat of Evap. / Condensation [kJ/kg] : - -
Temperature IN [oC] : 298.0 550.0
Temperature OUT [oC] : 476.0 308.0
Pressure [bara] : 1 1
Material : CS CS
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-106
 HEAT EXCHANGER – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : E-202 In Series : 1

NAME : Tube product cooler2 In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Heat Exchanger - Vaporizer
- Cooler - Reboiler
- Condenser
Type : - Fixed Tube Sheets - Plate Heat Exchanger
- Floating Head - Finned Tubes
- Hair Pin - Thermosyphon
- Double Tube
Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Capacity [kW] : 2242.3 (Calc.)
2
Heat Exchange Area [m ] : 12659 (Calc.)
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient [W/m2⋅oC] : 50 (Approx.)
o
Log. Mean Temperature Diff. (LMTD) [ C] : 5
Passes Tube Side : 2
Passes Shell Side : 1
Correction Factor LMTD (min. 0.75) : 0.75
o
Corrected LMTD [ C] : 3.75
Process Conditions
Shell Side Tube Side
Medium : No.317 No. 203
Mass Stream [kg/s] : 9.84 9.10
Mass Stream to
- Evaporate [kg/s] :
- Condense [kg/s] : -
Average Specific Heat [kJ/kg⋅ C]
o
: 3.5 3.42
Heat of Evap. / Condensation [kJ/kg] : - -
Temperature IN [oC] : 217.0 308.0
Temperature OUT [oC] : 298.0 219.0
Pressure [bara] : 1 30
Material : CS CS
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003
E-107
 HEAT EXCHANGER – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : E-203 In Series : 1

NAME : Tube product cooler3 In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Heat Exchanger - Vaporizer
- Cooler - Reboiler
- Condenser
Type : - Fixed Tube Sheets - Plate Heat Exchanger
- Floating Head - Finned Tubes
- Hair Pin - Thermosyphon
- Double Tube
Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Capacity [kW] : 4259.7 (Calc.)
2
Heat Exchange Area [m ] : 609 (Calc.)
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient [W/m2⋅oC] : 300 (Approx.)
o
Log. Mean Temperature Diff. (LMTD) [ C] : 31
Passes Tube Side : 2
Passes Shell Side : 1
Correction Factor LMTD (min. 0.75) : 0.75
o
Corrected LMTD [ C] : 23.25
Process Conditions
Shell Side Tube Side
Medium : Cooling water No. 204
Mass Stream [kg/s] : 11.65 9.10
Mass Stream to
- Evaporate [kg/s] : 4.26
- Condense [kg/s] : -
Average Specific Heat [kJ/kg⋅ C]
o
: 4.2 2.82
Heat of Evap. / Condensation [kJ/kg] : 2200 -
Temperature IN [oC] : 20.0 219.0
Temperature OUT [oC] : 121.0 25.0
Pressure [bara] : 4 1.45
Material : CS CS
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003
E-108
 HEAT EXCHANGER – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : E-204 In Series : 1

NAME : Compressed tube gas cooler In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Heat Exchanger - Vaporizer
- Cooler - Reboiler
- Condenser
Type : - Fixed Tube Sheets - Plate Heat Exchanger
- Floating Head - Finned Tubes
- Hair Pin - Thermosyphon
- Double Tube
Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Capacity [kW] : 4967 (Calc.)
Heat Exchange Area [m2] : 363 (Calc.)
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient [W/m ⋅ C] :
2o
300 (Approx.)
Log. Mean Temperature Diff. (LMTD) [oC] : 61
Passes Tube Side : 2
Passes Shell Side : 1
Correction Factor LMTD (min. 0.75) : 0.75
Corrected LMTD [oC] : 45.75
Process Conditions
Shell Side Tube Side
Medium : Cooling water No. 207
Mass Stream [kg/s] : 14.7 7.74
Mass Stream to
- Evaporate [kg/s] :
- Condense [kg/s] : -
Average Specific Heat [kJ/kg⋅oC] : 4.2 2.57
Heat of Evap. / Condensation [kJ/kg] : - -
Temperature IN [oC] : 20.0 30.0
Temperature OUT [oC] : 100.0 288.6
Pressure [bara] : 4 30
Material : CS CS
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-109
 HEAT EXCHANGER – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : E-301A In Series : 1

NAME : Light Gas Column Reboiler In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Heat Exchanger - Vaporizer
- Cooler - Reboiler
- Condenser
Type : - Fixed Tube Sheets - Plate Heat Exchanger
- Floating Head - Finned Tubes
- Hair Pin - Thermosyphon
- Double Tube -
Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Capacity [kW] : 1515 (Calc.)
Heat Exchange Area [m2] : 85 (Calc.)
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient [W/m ⋅ C] :
2o
500 (Approx.)
Log. Mean Temperature Diff. (LMTD) [oC] : 48
Passes Tube Side : 2
Passes Shell Side : 1
Correction Factor LMTD (min. 0.75) : 0.75
Corrected LMTD [oC] : 36
Process Conditions
Shell Side Tube Side
Medium : Hot water Bottoms from T301
Mass Stream [kg/s] : 24.05 16.92
Mass Stream to
- Evaporate [kg/s] : 3.5
- Condense [kg/s] : -
Average Specific Heat [kJ/kg⋅oC] : 4.2
Heat of Evap. / Condensation [kJ/kg] : - 432.86
Temperature IN [oC] : 65.0 9.52
Temperature OUT [oC] : 50.0 9.52
Pressure [bara] : 4 15
Material : CS CS
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-110
 HEAT EXCHANGER – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : E-301B In Series : 1

NAME : Light Gas Column Condenser In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Heat Exchanger - Vaporizer
- Cooler - Reboiler
- Condenser (water cooled)
Type : - Fixed Tube Sheets - Plate Heat Exchanger
- Floating Head - Finned Tubes
- Hair Pin - Thermosyphon
- Double Tube
Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Capacity [kW] : 7290 (Calc.)
2
Heat Exchange Area [m ] : 1060 (Calc.)
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient [W/m2⋅oC] : 100 (Approx.)
o
Log. Mean Temperature Diff. (LMTD) [ C] : 92
Passes Tube Side : 2
Passes Shell Side : 1
Correction Factor LMTD (min. 0.75) : 0.75
Corrected LMTD [oC] : 69
Process Conditions
Shell Side Tube Side
Medium : H2 expanded No. 302
Mass Stream [kg/s] : 11.3 14.19
Mass Stream to
- Evaporate [kg/s] :
- Condense [kg/s] : 12.72
Average Specific Heat [kJ/kg⋅ C]
o
: 12.9 -
Heat of Evap. / Condensation [kJ/kg] : - 573.11
Temperature IN [oC] : -250.0 -131.0
Temperature OUT [oC] : -200.0 -131.0
Pressure [bara] : 5 15
Material : CS CS
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003
E-111
 HEAT EXCHANGER – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : E-302A In Series : 1

NAME : C2 Column Reboiler In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Heat Exchanger - Vaporizer
- Cooler - Reboiler
- Condenser
Type : - Fixed Tube Sheets - Plate Heat Exchanger
- Floating Head - Finned Tubes
- Hair Pin - Thermosyphon
- Double Tube -
Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Capacity [kW] : 4601 (Calc.)
2
Heat Exchange Area [m ] : 733 (Calc.)
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient [W/m2⋅oC] : 500 (Approx.)
o
Log. Mean Temperature Diff. (LMTD) [ C] : 17
Passes Tube Side : 1
Passes Shell Side : 1
Correction Factor LMTD (min. 0.75) : 0.75
o
Corrected LMTD [ C] : 12.75
Process Conditions
Shell Side Tube Side
Medium : Hot water Bottoms from T302
Mass Stream [kg/s] : 73.04 25.92
Mass Stream to
- Evaporate [kg/s] : 14.77
- Condense [kg/s] : -
Average Specific Heat [kJ/kg⋅oC] : 4.2 -
Heat of Evap. / Condensation [kJ/kg] : - 177.51
Temperature IN [oC] : 65.0 39.65
Temperature OUT [oC] : 50.0 39.65
Pressure [bara] : 4 15
Material : CS CS
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003
E-112
 HEAT EXCHANGER – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : E-302B In Series : 1

NAME : C2 Column Condenser In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Heat Exchanger - Vaporizer
- Cooler - Reboiler
- Condenser
Type : - Fixed Tube Sheets - Plate Heat Exchanger
- Floating Head - Finned Tubes
- Hair Pin - Thermosyphon
- Double Tube
Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Capacity [kW] : 3954 (Calc.)
Heat Exchange Area [m2] : 526 (Calc.)
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient [W/m ⋅ C] :
2o
300 (Approx.)
Log. Mean Temperature Diff. (LMTD) [oC] : 33
Passes Tube Side : 2
Passes Shell Side : 1
Correction Factor LMTD (min. 0.75) : 0.75
Corrected LMTD [oC] : 24.75
Process Conditions
Shell Side Tube Side
Medium : C2= expanded No. 306
Mass Stream [kg/s] : 8.23 10.93
Mass Stream to
- Evaporate [kg/s] :
- Condense [kg/s] : 10.93
Average Specific Heat [kJ/kg⋅oC] : 96.09 -
Heat of Evap. / Condensation [kJ/kg] : - 364.76
Temperature IN [oC] : -75.0 -39.0
Temperature OUT [oC] : -70.0 -39.0
Pressure [bara] : 4 15
Material : CS CS
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-113
 HEAT EXCHANGER – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : E-303A In Series : 1

NAME : C3 Column Reboiler In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Heat Exchanger - Vaporizer
- Cooler - Reboiler
- Condenser
Type : - Fixed Tube Sheets - Plate Heat Exchanger
- Floating Head - Finned Tubes
- Hair Pin - Thermosyphon
- Double Tube -
Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Capacity [kW] : 61 (Calc.)
2
Heat Exchange Area [m ] : 1073 (Calc.)
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient [W/m2⋅oC] : 400 (Approx.)
o
Log. Mean Temperature Diff. (LMTD) [ C] : 0.19
Passes Tube Side : 1
Passes Shell Side : 1
Correction Factor LMTD (min. 0.75) : 0.75
o
Corrected LMTD [ C] : 0.14
Process Conditions
Shell Side Tube Side
Medium : No.313 Bottom from T303
Mass Stream [kg/s] : 18.1 119.7
Mass Stream to
- Evaporate [kg/s] : -
- Condense [kg/s] : -
Average Specific Heat [kJ/kg⋅oC] : 4.8 3.24
Heat of Evap. / Condensation [kJ/kg] : - -
Temperature IN [oC] : 43.2 42.5
Temperature OUT [oC] : 42.5 42.7
Pressure [bara] : 15 15
Material : CS CS
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003
E-114
 HEAT EXCHANGER – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : E-303B In Series : 1

NAME : C3 Column Condenser In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Heat Exchanger - Vaporizer
- Cooler - Reboiler
- Condenser (water cooled)
Type : - Fixed Tube Sheets - Plate Heat Exchanger
- Floating Head - Finned Tubes
- Hair Pin - Thermosyphon
- Double Tube
Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Capacity [kW] : 604 (Calc.)
Heat Exchange Area [m2] : 503 (Calc.)
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient [W/m ⋅ C] :
2o
400 (Approx.)
Log. Mean Temperature Diff. (LMTD) [oC] : 4
Passes Tube Side : 2
Passes Shell Side : 1
Correction Factor LMTD (min. 0.75) : 0.75
Corrected LMTD [oC] : 3
Process Conditions
Shell Side Tube Side
Medium : Propylene reflux No. 311
Mass Stream [kg/s] : 22.8 105.2
Mass Stream to
- Evaporate [kg/s] :
- Condense [kg/s] : 22.8 -
Average Specific Heat [kJ/kg⋅oC] : 19.1 19.1
Heat of Evap. / Condensation [kJ/kg] : 319.8 -
Temperature IN [oC] : 48.8 35.0
Temperature OUT [oC] : 35.0 38.0
Pressure [bara] : 15 15
Material : CS CS
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-115
 HEAT EXCHANGER – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : E-303C In Series : 1

NAME : Heat Compressor after cooler In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Heat Exchanger - Vaporizer
- Cooler - Reboiler
- Condenser
Type : - Fixed Tube Sheets - Plate Heat Exchanger
- Floating Head - Finned Tubes
- Hair Pin - Thermosyphon
- Double Tube
Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Capacity [kW] : 543 (Calc.)
2
Heat Exchange Area [m ] : 145 (Calc.)
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient [W/m2⋅oC] : 1000 (Approx.)
Log. Mean Temperature Diff. (LMTD) [oC] : 5
Passes Tube Side : 2
Passes Shell Side : 1
Correction Factor LMTD (min. 0.75) : 0.75
o
Corrected LMTD [ C] : 3.75
Process Conditions
Shell Side Tube Side
Medium : Cooling water From E-303B
Mass Stream [kg/s] : 25.9 105.29
Mass Stream to
- Evaporate [kg/s] : - -
- Condense [kg/s] : - -
Average Specific Heat [kJ/kg⋅oC] : 4.2 1.91
Heat of Evap. / Condensation [kJ/kg] : - -
Temperature IN [oC] : 20.0 45.9
Temperature OUT [oC] : 25.0 43.2
Pressure [bara] : 1 17
Material : CS CS
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003
E-116
 HEAT EXCHANGER – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : E-401 In Series : 1

NAME : MDEA Cooler In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Heat Exchanger - Vaporizer
- Cooler - Reboiler
- Condenser
Type : - Fixed Tube Sheets - Plate Heat Exchanger
- Floating Head - Finned Tubes
- Hair Pin - Thermosyphon
- Double Tube -
Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Capacity [kW] : 8,132 (Calc.)
Heat Exchange Area [m2] : 464 (Calc.)
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient [W/m ⋅ C] : 1,000
2o
(Approx.)
Log. Mean Temperature Diff. (LMTD) [oC] : 23
Passes Tube Side : 2
Passes Shell Side : 1
Correction Factor LMTD (min. 0.75) : 0.75
Corrected LMTD [oC] : 17.25
Process Conditions
Shell Side Tube Side
Medium : Cooling Water Bottoms from T-402
Mass Stream [kg/s] : 38.7 31.91
Mass Stream to
- Evaporize [kg/s] : - -
- Condense [kg/s] : - -
Average Specific Heat [kJ/kg⋅oC] : 4.2 3.54
Heat of Evap. / Condensation [kJ/kg] : - -
Temperature IN [oC] : 20 101.97
Temperature OUT [oC] : 70 30.0
Pressure [bara] : 4 30
Material : CS CS
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-117
 HEAT EXCHANGER – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : E-402 In Series : 1

NAME : Stripper Reboiler In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Heat Exchanger - Vaporizer
- Cooler - Reboiler
- Condenser
Type : - Fixed Tube Sheets - Plate Heat Exchanger
- Floating Head - Finned Tubes
- Hair Pin - Thermosyphon
- Double Tube -
Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Capacity [kW] : 15756 (Calc.)
2
Heat Exchange Area [m ] : 233 (Calc.)
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient [W/m2⋅oC] : 500 (Approx.)
Log. Mean Temperature Diff. (LMTD) [oC] : 180
Passes Tube Side : 1
Passes Shell Side : 1
Correction Factor LMTD (min. 0.75) : 0.75
o
Corrected LMTD [ C] : 135
Process Conditions
Shell Side Tube Side
Medium : Hot water Bottoms from T-402
Mass Stream [kg/s] : 181.9 32.1
Mass Stream to
- Evaporize [kg/s] : 18.36
- Condense [kg/s] : -
Average Specific Heat [kJ/kg⋅oC] : 4.6 -
Heat of Evap. / Condensation [kJ/kg] : - 858.17
Temperature IN [oC] : 150 102.0
Temperature OUT [oC] : 105 104.6
Pressure [bara] : 4 1
Material : CS CS
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-118
 HEAT EXCHANGER – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : AE-101 In Series : 1

NAME : Shell Product cooler In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Heat Exchanger - Vaporizer
- Cooler - Reboiler
- Condenser
Type : - Fixed Tube Sheets - Plate Heat Exchanger
- Floating Head - Finned Tubes
- Hair Pin - Thermosyphon
- Double Tube
Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Capacity [kW] : 14722 (Calc.)
2
Heat Exchange Area [m ] : 621 (Calc.)
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient [W/m2⋅oC] : 450 (Approx.)
Log. Mean Temperature Diff. (LMTD) [oC] : 70
Passes Tube Side : 2
Passes Shell Side : 1
Correction Factor LMTD (min. 0.75) : 0.75
o
Corrected LMTD [ C] : 52.5
Process Conditions
Shell Side Tube Side
Medium : BFW No.A102
Mass Stream [kg/s] : 15.24 10.84
Mass Stream to
- Evaporate [kg/s] :
- Condense [kg/s] : -
Average Specific Heat [kJ/kg⋅ C]
o
: 4.2 2.63
Heat of Evap. / Condensation [kJ/kg] : - -
Temperature IN [oC] : 20.0 540.0
Temperature OUT [oC] : 250.0 25
Pressure [bara] : 4 1
Material : CS CS
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003
E-119
 HEAT EXCHANGER – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : AE-102 In Series : 1

NAME : Compressed gas product cooler In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Heat Exchanger - Vaporizer
- Cooler - Reboiler
- Condenser
Type : - Fixed Tube Sheets - Plate Heat Exchanger
- Floating Head - Finned Tubes
- Hair Pin - Thermosyphon
- Double Tube
Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Capacity [kW] :4140 (Calc.)
2
Heat Exchange Area [m ] :172 (Calc.)
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient [W/m2⋅oC] : 450 (Approx.)
o
Log. Mean Temperature Diff. (LMTD) [ C] : 71
Passes Tube Side : 2
Passes Shell Side : 1
Correction Factor LMTD (min. 0.75) : 0.75
o
Corrected LMTD [ C] : 53.25
Process Conditions
Shell Side Tube Side
Medium : Cooling water No. A104
Mass Stream [kg/s] : 12.32 10.84
Mass Stream to
- Evaporate [kg/s] :
- Condense [kg/s] : -
Average Specific Heat [kJ/kg⋅ C]
o
: 4.2 2.22
Heat of Evap. / Condensation [kJ/kg] : - -
Temperature IN [oC] : 20.0 227.0
Temperature OUT [oC] : 100.0 55.0
Pressure [bara] : 4 30
Material : CS CS
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003
E-120
 HEAT EXCHANGER – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : AE-202 In Series : 1

NAME : Tube product cooler In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Heat Exchanger - Vaporizer
- Cooler - Reboiler
- Condenser
Type : - Fixed Tube Sheets - Plate Heat Exchanger
- Floating Head - Finned Tubes
- Hair Pin - Thermosyphon
- Double Tube
Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Capacity [kW] : 20727 (Calc.)
Heat Exchange Area [m2] : 756 (Calc.)
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient [W/m ⋅ C] :
2o
450 (Approx.)
Log. Mean Temperature Diff. (LMTD) [oC] : 81
Passes Tube Side : 2
Passes Shell Side : 1
Correction Factor LMTD (min. 0.75) : 0.75
Corrected LMTD [oC] : 60.75
Process Conditions
Shell Side Tube Side
Medium : BFW No. A205
Mass Stream [kg/s] : 10.28 9.10
Mass Stream to
- Evaporate [kg/s] :
- Condense [kg/s] : -
Average Specific Heat [kJ/kg⋅oC] : 4.2 2.77
Heat of Evap. / Condensation [kJ/kg] : - -
Temperature IN [oC] : 20.0 850.0
Temperature OUT [oC] : 500.0 25.0
Pressure [bara] : 4 1
Material : CS CS
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-121
 HEAT EXCHANGER – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : AE-203 In Series : 1

NAME : Tube product cooler In Parallel : none
General Data
Service : - Heat Exchanger - Vaporizer
- Cooler - Reboiler
- Condenser
Type : - Fixed Tube Sheets - Plate Heat Exchanger
- Floating Head - Finned Tubes
- Hair Pin - Thermosyphon
- Double Tube
Position : - Horizontal
- Vertical
Capacity [kW] : 4970 (Calc.)
2
Heat Exchange Area [m ] : 538 (Calc.)
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient [W/m2⋅oC] : 450 (Approx.)
o
Log. Mean Temperature Diff. (LMTD) [ C] : 27
Passes Tube Side : 2
Passes Shell Side : 1
Correction Factor LMTD (min. 0.75) : 0.75
o
Corrected LMTD [ C] : 20.25
Process Conditions
Shell Side Tube Side
Medium : BFW No. A208
Mass Stream [kg/s] : 5.14 7.74
Mass Stream to
- Evaporate [kg/s] : 4.26
- Condense [kg/s] : -
Average Specific Heat [kJ/kg⋅ C]
o
: 4.2 2.3
Heat of Evap. / Condensation [kJ/kg] : 2200 -
Temperature IN [oC] : 20.0 308.0
Temperature OUT [oC] : 250.0 30.0
Pressure [bara] : 4 30
Material : CS CS
Remarks:

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003
E-122
 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : P101 A/B (AP202) Operating : 1

NAME : T301 Bottom Pump Installed Spare : 1
Service : Process water pump
Type : Centrifugal
Number : 2
Operating Conditions & Physical Data
Pumped liquid : Propylene / Propane/Ethylene
Temperature (T) [oC] : 25.0
Density ( ρ) 3
[kg/m ] : 1,000
Viscosity (η) [N⋅s/m2] : 0.0006
Vapour Pressure (pv) [bara] : - at Temperature [oC] : 50.0
Power
Capacity (Φv) [m3/s] : 0.365*10-3
Suction Pressure (ps) [bara] : 1.0
Discharge Pressure (pd) [bara] : 3.0
Theoretical Power [kW] : 0.172
Pump Efficiency [-] : 0.7
Power at Shaft [kW] : 0.245
Construction Details (1)
RPM : 1700 Nominal diameter
Drive : Electrical Suction Nozzle […] :
Type electrical motor : Discharge Nozzle […] :
Tension [V] : 380 Cooled Bearings : Yes / No
Rotational direction : Clock / Cooled Stuffing Box : Yes / No
Counter Cl. Smothering Gland : Yes / No
Foundation Plate : Combined / If yes
two parts - Seal Liquid : Yes / No
Flexible Coupling : Yes - Splash Rings : Yes / No
Pressure Gauge Suction : No - Packing Type :
Pressure Gauge Discharge : Yes - Mechanical Seal : Yes / No
Min. Overpressure above - N.P.S.H. [m] :
pv/pm [bar] : 0.1 { = pm⋅ρ⋅g }
Construction Materials (2)
Pump House : MS Wear Rings :
Pump Rotor : HT Steel Shaft Box :
Shaft : HT Steel
Special provisions : none
Operating Pressure [bara] : 3.0 Test Pressure [bara] :
Remarks:
(1) Double mechanical seals and seal fluid required for LPG service. Further details to be specified by
Rotating Equipment specialist.
(2) MS = Mild Steel; HT Steel = High Tensile Steel

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003
E-123
 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : P102 A/B Operating : 1

NAME : T301 Bottom Pump Installed Spare : 1
Service : Process water pump
Type : Centrifugal
Number : 2
Operating Conditions & Physical Data
Pumped liquid : Propylene / Propane/Ethylene
Temperature (T) [oC] : 25.0
Density ( ρ) 3
[kg/m ] : 1,000
Viscosity (η) [N⋅s/m2] : 0.0006
Vapour Pressure (pv) [bara] : - at Temperature [oC] : 50.0
Power
Capacity (Φv) [m3/s] : 0.365*10-3
Suction Pressure (ps) [bara] : 1.0
Discharge Pressure (pd) [bara] : 3.0
Theoretical Power [kW] : 0.172
Pump Efficiency [-] : 0.7
Power at Shaft [kW] : 0.245
Construction Details (1)
RPM : 1700 Nominal diameter
Drive : Electrical Suction Nozzle […] :
Type electrical motor : Discharge Nozzle […] :
Tension [V] : 380 Cooled Bearings : Yes / No
Rotational direction : Clock / Cooled Stuffing Box : Yes / No
Counter Cl. Smothering Gland : Yes / No
Foundation Plate : Combined / If yes
two parts - Seal Liquid : Yes / No
Flexible Coupling : Yes - Splash Rings : Yes / No
Pressure Gauge Suction : No - Packing Type :
Pressure Gauge Discharge : Yes - Mechanical Seal : Yes / No
Min. Overpressure above - N.P.S.H. [m] :
pv/pm [bar] : 0.1 { = pm⋅ρ⋅g }
Construction Materials (2)
Pump House : MS Wear Rings :
Pump Rotor : HT Steel Shaft Box :
Shaft : HT Steel
Special provisions : none
Operating Pressure [bara] : 3.0 Test Pressure [bara] :
Remarks:
(3) Double mechanical seals and seal fluid required for LPG service. Further details to be specified by
Rotating Equipment specialist.
(4) MS = Mild Steel; HT Steel = High Tensile Steel

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003
E-124
 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : P103 A/B Operating : 1

NAME : T301 Bottom Pump Installed Spare : 1
Service : Process water pump
Type : Centrifugal
Number : 2
Operating Conditions & Physical Data
Pumped liquid : Propylene / Propane/Ethylene
Temperature (T) [oC] : 25.0
Density ( ρ) 3
[kg/m ] : 1,000
Viscosity (η) [N⋅s/m2] : 0.0006
Vapour Pressure (pv) [bara] : - at Temperature [oC] : 50.0
Power
Capacity (Φv) [m3/s] : 0.365*10-3
Suction Pressure (ps) [bara] : 1.0
Discharge Pressure (pd) [bara] : 3.0
Theoretical Power [kW] : 0.172
Pump Efficiency [-] : 0.7
Power at Shaft [kW] : 0.245
Construction Details (1)
RPM : 1700 Nominal diameter
Drive : Electrical Suction Nozzle […] :
Type electrical motor : Discharge Nozzle […] :
Tension [V] : 380 Cooled Bearings : Yes / No
Rotational direction : Clock / Cooled Stuffing Box : Yes / No
Counter Cl. Smothering Gland : Yes / No
Foundation Plate : Combined / If yes
two parts - Seal Liquid : Yes / No
Flexible Coupling : Yes - Splash Rings : Yes / No
Pressure Gauge Suction : No - Packing Type :
Pressure Gauge Discharge : Yes - Mechanical Seal : Yes / No
Min. Overpressure above - N.P.S.H. [m] :
pv/pm [bar] : 0.1 { = pm⋅ρ⋅g }
Construction Materials (2)
Pump House : MS Wear Rings :
Pump Rotor : HT Steel Shaft Box :
Shaft : HT Steel
Special provisions : none
Operating Pressure [bara] : 3.0 Test Pressure [bara] :
Remarks:
(5) Double mechanical seals and seal fluid required for LPG service. Further details to be specified by
Rotating Equipment specialist.
(6) MS = Mild Steel; HT Steel = High Tensile Steel

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-125
 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : P301 A/B Operating : 1

NAME : T301 Bottom Pump Installed Spare : 1
Service : Bottom pump
Type : Centrifugal
Number : 2
Operating Conditions & Physical Data
Pumped liquid : Propylene / Propane/Ethylene
Temperature (T) [oC] : 9.5
Density ( ρ) 3
[kg/m ] : 456
Viscosity (η) [N⋅s/m2] : 0.0001
Vapour Pressure (pv) [bara] : 20.8 at Temperature [oC] : 50.0
Power
Capacity (Φv) [m3/s] : 0.029
Suction Pressure (ps) [bara] : 15.0
Discharge Pressure (pd) [bara] : 16.5
Theoretical Power [kW] : 4.38
Pump Efficiency [-] : 0.7
Power at Shaft [kW] : 6.25
Construction Details (1)
RPM : 3000 Nominal diameter
Drive : Electrical Suction Nozzle […] :
Type electrical motor : Discharge Nozzle […] :
Tension [V] : 380 Cooled Bearings : Yes / No
Rotational direction : Clock / Cooled Stuffing Box : Yes / No
Counter Cl. Smothering Gland : Yes / No
Foundation Plate : Combined / If yes
two parts - Seal Liquid : Yes / No
Flexible Coupling : Yes - Splash Rings : Yes / No
Pressure Gauge Suction : No - Packing Type :
Pressure Gauge Discharge : Yes - Mechanical Seal : Yes / No
Min. Overpressure above - N.P.S.H. [m] :
pv/pm [bar] : 0.1 { = pm⋅ρ⋅g }
Construction Materials (2)
Pump House : MS Wear Rings :
Pump Rotor : HT Steel Shaft Box :
Shaft : HT Steel
Special provisions : none
Operating Pressure [bara] : 16.5 Test Pressure [bara] :
Remarks:
(7) Double mechanical seals and seal fluid required for LPG service. Further details to be specified by
Rotating Equipment specialist.
(8) MS = Mild Steel; HT Steel = High Tensile Steel

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003
E-126
 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : P301 C/D Operating : 1

NAME : T301 Reflux Pump Installed Spare : 1
Service : Reflux pump
Type : Centrifugal
Number : 2
Operating Conditions & Physical Data
Pumped liquid : Propylene / Propane/Ethylene
Temperature (T) [oC] : -131
Density ( ρ) 3
[kg/m ] : 502
Viscosity (η) [N⋅s/m2] : 0.0001
Vapour Pressure (pv) [bara] : 20.8 at Temperature [oC] : 50.0
Power
Capacity (Φv) [m3/s] : 0.025
Suction Pressure (ps) [bara] : 15.0
Discharge Pressure (pd) [bara] : 16.5
Theoretical Power [kW] : 5.06
Pump Efficiency [-] : 0.7
Power at Shaft [kW] : 7.31
Construction Details (1)
RPM : 3000 Nominal diameter
Drive : Electrical Suction Nozzle […] :
Type electrical motor : Discharge Nozzle […] :
Tension [V] : 380 Cooled Bearings : Yes / No
Rotational direction : Clock / Cooled Stuffing Box : Yes / No
Counter Cl. Smothering Gland : Yes / No
Foundation Plate : Combined / If yes
two parts - Seal Liquid : Yes / No
Flexible Coupling : Yes - Splash Rings : Yes / No
Pressure Gauge Suction : No - Packing Type :
Pressure Gauge Discharge : Yes - Mechanical Seal : Yes / No
Min. Overpressure above - N.P.S.H. [m] :
pv/pm [bar] : 0.1 { = pm⋅ρ⋅g }
Construction Materials (2)
Pump House : MS Wear Rings :
Pump Rotor : HT Steel Shaft Box :
Shaft : HT Steel
Special provisions : none
Operating Pressure [bara] : 16.5 Test Pressure [bara] :
Remarks:
(9) Double mechanical seals and seal fluid required for LPG service. Further details to be specified by
Rotating Equipment specialist.
(10) MS = Mild Steel; HT Steel = High Tensile Steel

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-127
 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : P302 A/B Operating : 1

NAME : T302 Bottom Pump Installed Spare : 1
Service : Bottom pump
Type : Centrifugal
Number : 2
Operating Conditions & Physical Data
Pumped liquid : Propylene / Propane/Ethylene
Temperature (T) [oC] : 39.9/41.2
Density ( ρ) [kg/m3] : 426
Viscosity (η) [N⋅s/m2] : 0.0001
Vapour Pressure (pv) [bara] : 20.8 at Temperature [oC] : 50.0
Power
Capacity (Φv) [m3/s] : 0.026
Suction Pressure (ps) [bara] : 15.0
Discharge Pressure (pd) [bara] : 23.0
Theoretical Power [kW] : 21
Pump Efficiency [-] : 0.7
Power at Shaft [kW] : 30
Construction Details (1)
RPM : 3000 Nominal diameter
Drive : Electrical Suction Nozzle […] :
Type electrical motor : Discharge Nozzle […] :
Tension [V] : 380 Cooled Bearings : Yes / No
Rotational direction : Clock / Cooled Stuffing Box : Yes / No
Counter Cl. Smothering Gland : Yes / No
Foundation Plate : Combined / If yes
two parts - Seal Liquid : Yes / No
Flexible Coupling : Yes - Splash Rings : Yes / No
Pressure Gauge Suction : No - Packing Type :
Pressure Gauge Discharge : Yes - Mechanical Seal : Yes / No
Min. Overpressure above - N.P.S.H. [m] :
pv/pm [bar] : 0.1 { = pm⋅ρ⋅g }
Construction Materials (2)
Pump House : MS Wear Rings :
Pump Rotor : HT Steel Shaft Box :
Shaft : HT Steel
Special provisions : none
Operating Pressure [bara] : 23 Test Pressure [bara] :
Remarks:
(11) Double mechanical seals and seal fluid required for LPG service. Further details to be specified by
Rotating Equipment specialist.
(12) MS = Mild Steel; HT Steel = High Tensile Steel

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-128
 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : P302 C/D Operating : 1

NAME : T302 Reflux Pump Installed Spare : 1
Service : Reflux pump
Type : Centrifugal
Number : 2
Operating Conditions & Physical Data
Pumped liquid : Propylene / Propane/Ethylene
Temperature (T) [oC] : -39
Density ( ρ) 3
[kg/m ] : 426
Viscosity (η) [N⋅s/m2] : 0.0001
Vapour Pressure (pv) [bara] : 20.8 at Temperature [oC] : 50.0
Power
Capacity (Φv) [m3/s] : 0.021
Suction Pressure (ps) [bara] : 15.0
Discharge Pressure (pd) [bara] : 17.0
Theoretical Power [kW] : 4
Pump Efficiency [-] : 0.7
Power at Shaft [kW] : 6
Construction Details (1)
RPM : 3000 Nominal diameter
Drive : Electrical Suction Nozzle […] :
Type electrical motor : Discharge Nozzle […] :
Tension [V] : 380 Cooled Bearings : Yes / No
Rotational direction : Clock / Cooled Stuffing Box : Yes / No
Counter Cl. Smothering Gland : Yes / No
Foundation Plate : Combined / If yes
two parts - Seal Liquid : Yes / No
Flexible Coupling : Yes - Splash Rings : Yes / No
Pressure Gauge Suction : No - Packing Type :
Pressure Gauge Discharge : Yes - Mechanical Seal : Yes / No
Min. Overpressure above - N.P.S.H. [m] :
pv/pm [bar] : 0.1 { = pm⋅ρ⋅g }
Construction Materials (2)
Pump House : MS Wear Rings :
Pump Rotor : HT Steel Shaft Box :
Shaft : HT Steel
Special provisions : none
Operating Pressure [bara] : 17.0 Test Pressure [bara] :
Remarks:
(13) Double mechanical seals and seal fluid required for LPG service. Further details to be specified by
Rotating Equipment specialist.
(14) MS = Mild Steel; HT Steel = High Tensile Steel

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-129
 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : P303 A/B Operating : 1

NAME : T303 Bottom Pump Installed Spare : 1
Service : Reflux pump
Type : Centrifugal
Number : 2
Operating Conditions & Physical Data
Pumped liquid : Propylene / Propane/Ethylene
Temperature (T) [oC] : 43
Density ( ρ) [kg/m3] : 417
Viscosity (η) [N⋅s/m2] : 0.0001
Vapour Pressure (pv) [bara] : 20.8 at Temperature [oC] : 50.0
Power
Capacity (Φv) [m3/s] : 0.024
Suction Pressure (ps) [bara] : 15.0
Discharge Pressure (pd) [bara] : 17.0
Theoretical Power [kW] : 4.7
Pump Efficiency [-] : 0.7
Power at Shaft [kW] : 7.0
Construction Details (1)
RPM : 3000 Nominal diameter
Drive : Electrical Suction Nozzle […] :
Type electrical motor : Discharge Nozzle […] :
Tension [V] : 380 Cooled Bearings : Yes / No
Rotational direction : Clock / Cooled Stuffing Box : Yes / No
Counter Cl. Smothering Gland : Yes / No
Foundation Plate : Combined / If yes
two parts - Seal Liquid : Yes / No
Flexible Coupling : Yes - Splash Rings : Yes / No
Pressure Gauge Suction : No - Packing Type :
Pressure Gauge Discharge : Yes - Mechanical Seal : Yes / No
Min. Overpressure above - N.P.S.H. [m] :
pv/pm [bar] : 0.1 { = pm⋅ρ⋅g }
Construction Materials (2)
Pump House : MS Wear Rings :
Pump Rotor : HT Steel Shaft Box :
Shaft : HT Steel
Special provisions : none
Operating Pressure [bara] : 17.0 Test Pressure [bara] :
Remarks:
(15) Double mechanical seals and seal fluid required for LPG service. Further details to be specified by
Rotating Equipment specialist.
(16) MS = Mild Steel; HT Steel = High Tensile Steel

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-130
 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : P401 A/B Operating : 1

NAME : T401 Bottom Pump Installed Spare : 1
Service : Reflux pump
Type : Centrifugal
Number : 2
Operating Conditions & Physical Data
Pumped liquid : Propylene / Propane/Ethylene
Temperature (T) [oC] : 30
Density ( ρ) [kg/m3] : 990
Viscosity (η) [N⋅s/m2] : 0.0006
Vapour Pressure (pv) [bara] : - at Temperature [oC] : 50.0
Power
Capacity (Φv) [m3/s] : 0.02
Suction Pressure (ps) [bara] : 30.0
Discharge Pressure (pd) [bara] : 31.5
Theoretical Power [kW] : 3.0
Pump Efficiency [-] : 0.7
Power at Shaft [kW] : 4.5
Construction Details (1)
RPM : 3000 Nominal diameter
Drive : Electrical Suction Nozzle […] :
Type electrical motor : Discharge Nozzle […] :
Tension [V] : 380 Cooled Bearings : Yes / No
Rotational direction : Clock / Cooled Stuffing Box : Yes / No
Counter Cl. Smothering Gland : Yes / No
Foundation Plate : Combined / If yes
two parts - Seal Liquid : Yes / No
Flexible Coupling : Yes - Splash Rings : Yes / No
Pressure Gauge Suction : No - Packing Type :
Pressure Gauge Discharge : Yes - Mechanical Seal : Yes / No
Min. Overpressure above - N.P.S.H. [m] :
pv/pm [bar] : 0.1 { = pm⋅ρ⋅g }
Construction Materials (2)
Pump House : MS Wear Rings :
Pump Rotor : HT Steel Shaft Box :
Shaft : HT Steel
Special provisions : none
Operating Pressure [bara] : 31.5 Test Pressure [bara] :
Remarks:
(17) Double mechanical seals and seal fluid required for LPG service. Further details to be specified by
Rotating Equipment specialist.
(18) MS = Mild Steel; HT Steel = High Tensile Steel

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-131
 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : P402 A/B Operating : 1

NAME : MDEA Recycle Pump 1 Installed Spare : 1
Service : Reflux pump
Type : Centrifugal
Number : 2
Operating Conditions & Physical Data
Pumped liquid : Propylene / Propane/Ethylene
Temperature (T) [oC] : 30
Density ( ρ) [kg/m3] : 990
Viscosity (η) [N⋅s/m2] : 0.0006
Vapour Pressure (pv) [bara] : - at Temperature [oC] : 50.0
Power
Capacity (Φv) [m3/s] : 0.020
Suction Pressure (ps) [bara] : 30.0
Discharge Pressure (pd) [bara] : 31.5
Theoretical Power [kW] : 3.0
Pump Efficiency [-] : 0.7
Power at Shaft [kW] : 4.5
Construction Details (1)
RPM : 3000 Nominal diameter
Drive : Electrical Suction Nozzle […] :
Type electrical motor : Discharge Nozzle […] :
Tension [V] : 380 Cooled Bearings : Yes / No
Rotational direction : Clock / Cooled Stuffing Box : Yes / No
Counter Cl. Smothering Gland : Yes / No
Foundation Plate : Combined / If yes
two parts - Seal Liquid : Yes / No
Flexible Coupling : Yes - Splash Rings : Yes / No
Pressure Gauge Suction : No - Packing Type :
Pressure Gauge Discharge : Yes - Mechanical Seal : Yes / No
Min. Overpressure above - N.P.S.H. [m] :
pv/pm [bar] : 0.1 { = pm⋅ρ⋅g }
Construction Materials (2)
Pump House : MS Wear Rings :
Pump Rotor : HT Steel Shaft Box :
Shaft : HT Steel
Special provisions : none
Operating Pressure [bara] : 31.5 Test Pressure [bara] :
Remarks:
(19) Double mechanical seals and seal fluid required for LPG service. Further details to be specified by
Rotating Equipment specialist.
(20) MS = Mild Steel; HT Steel = High Tensile Steel

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-132
 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP – SPECIFICATION SHEET

EQUIPMENT NUMBER : P403 A/B Operating : 1

NAME : MDEA Recycle Pump2 Installed Spare : 1
Service : Reflux pump
Type : Centrifugal
Number : 2
Operating Conditions & Physical Data
Pumped liquid : Propylene / Propane/Ethylene
Temperature (T) [oC] : 30
Density ( ρ) [kg/m3] : 990
Viscosity (η) [N⋅s/m2] : 0.0006
Vapour Pressure (pv) [bara] : - at Temperature [oC] : 50.0
Power
Capacity (Φv) [m3/s] : 0.020
Suction Pressure (ps) [bara] : 30.0
Discharge Pressure (pd) [bara] : 31.5
Theoretical Power [kW] : 3.0
Pump Efficiency [-] : 0.7
Power at Shaft [kW] : 4.5
Construction Details (1)
RPM : 3000 Nominal diameter
Drive : Electrical Suction Nozzle […] :
Type electrical motor : Discharge Nozzle […] :
Tension [V] : 380 Cooled Bearings : Yes / No
Rotational direction : Clock / Cooled Stuffing Box : Yes / No
Counter Cl. Smothering Gland : Yes / No
Foundation Plate : Combined / If yes
two parts - Seal Liquid : Yes / No
Flexible Coupling : Yes - Splash Rings : Yes / No
Pressure Gauge Suction : No - Packing Type :
Pressure Gauge Discharge : Yes - Mechanical Seal : Yes / No
Min. Overpressure above - N.P.S.H. [m] :
pv/pm [bar] : 0.1 { = pm⋅ρ⋅g }
Construction Materials (2)
Pump House : MS Wear Rings :
Pump Rotor : HT Steel Shaft Box :
Shaft : HT Steel
Special provisions : none
Operating Pressure [bara] : 31.5 Test Pressure [bara] :
Remarks:
(21) Double mechanical seals and seal fluid required for LPG service. Further details to be specified by
Rotating Equipment specialist.
(22) MS = Mild Steel; HT Steel = High Tensile Steel

Designers : Montree l. O. Muraza W.K. Lin Project ID-Number : CPD3297

B. Wang Y. Zou Date : 16 December 2003

E-133
APPENDIX F

F-1
Appendix F Process safety

F.1. Hazard and Operability Studies (HAZOP)

1. The explanation of guidewords using in HAZOP
Table F.1 Standard guidewords and their generic meanings
Guide word Meaning
No (not, none) None of the design intent is achieved
More (more of, higher) Quantitative increase in a parameter
Less (less of , lower) Quantitative decrease in a parameter
As well as (more than) An additional activity occurs
Part of Only some of the design intention is achieved
Reverse Logical opposite of the design intention occurs
Other than (other) Complete substitution – another activity takes place

Other useful guidewords include:

Where else Applicable for flows, transfers, sources and destinations
Before/after The step (or some part of it) is effected out of sequence
Early/late sequence The timing is different from the intention
Faster/slower The step is done/not done with the right timing

2. The procedure of HAZOP is given in HAZOP guide/volume 6

Figure F.1 the procedure of HAZOP

F-2
F.2. Dow Fire and Explosion Index (F & EI)
1. The procedure for calculating unit hazard factor F & EI shown here is referred from
Figure F.2. [Guide]

Figure F.2 The procedure for calculating unit hazard factor F & EI

2. To determine general process hazards and special process hazards, some figures
from Guide are used in calculation.
For relief pressure item, Figure A10.3 determines the relation of pressure penalty and
set pressure.

F-3
 Figure F.3 Pressure penalty for flammable and combustible liquids

For quantity of flammable and unstable materials item, flammability vs. penalty is
given in Figure F.4

Figure F.4 Liquids or Gases flammability in process

3. In order to check if shell and tube reactor is the Pertinent Process Unit, other three
distillation columns’ F & EI are also calculated. The results list as below:

F-4
Table F.2 Dow Fire and Explosion Index Form of light ends distillation column
PREPARED BY CPD 3297 APPROVED BY DATE 03-Dec-03
SITE Light ends distillation column LOCATION Grey area
MATERIALS IN PROCESS UNIT
Propane, nitrogen, ethylene, propylene, methane, hydrogen, water, carbon monoxide
STATE OF OPERATION BASIC MATERIAL(S) FOR MATERIAL FACTOR
Ethylene
_X_DESIGN NORMAL OP __SHUTDOWN

MATERIAL FACTOR (Table I or Appendices A or B) Note requirements when unit temp over 60oC 24

Penalty Factor Penalty Factor

1. GENERAL PROCESS HAZARDS
Range Used1
BASE FACTOR…………………………………………………………………………………………. 1.00 1.00
A. EXOTHERMIC CHEMICAL REACTIONS 0.30 to 1.25 0.00
B. ENDOTHERMIC PROCESSES 0.20 to 0.40 0.00
C. MATERIAL HANDLING AND TRANSFER 0.25 to 1.05 0.50
D. ENCLOSED OR INDOOR PROCESS UNITS 0.25 to 0.90 0.00
E. ACCESS 0.20 to 0.35 0.00
F. DRAINAGE AND SPILL CONTROL 0.00
GENERAL PROCESS HAZARDS FACTOR (F1)…………………………………………………… 1.50
2. SPECIAL PROCESS HAZARDS
BASE FACTOR…………………………………………………………………………………………. 1.00 1.00
A. TOXIC MATERIAL(S) 0.20 to 0.80 0.40
B. SUB ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE (>500 mm Hg) 0.50 0.00
C. OPERATION IN OR NEAR FLAMMABLE RANGE _ Inerted _X_ Not Inerted
1. TANK FARMS STORAGE FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS 0.50
2. PROCESS UPSET OR PURGE FAILURE 0.30
3. ALWAYS IN FLAMMABLE RANGE 0.80 0.80
D. DUST EXPLOSION (See Table 3) 0.25 to 2.00 0.00
E. PRESSURE (See Fig 2) Operating Pressure 217.6 psig 0.45
F. LOW TEMPERATURE 0.20 to 0.30 0.00
G. QUALITY OF FLAMMABLE / UNSTABLE MATERIAL : Quantity 19686 lb
HC = 21.5*103BTU/lb
1. LIQUIDS OR GASES IN PROCESS (See Fig 3) 0.84
2. LIQUIDS OR GASES IN STORAGE (See Fig 4)
3. COMBUSTABLE SOLIDS IN STORAGE, DUST IN PROCESS (See Fig 5)
H. CORROSION AND EROSION 0.10 to 0.75 0.00
I. LEAKAGE - JOINTS AND PACKING 0.10 to 1.50 0.00
J. USE OF FIRED EQUIPMENT (See Fig 6) 0.00
K. HOT OIL EXCHANGE SYSTEMS (See Table 5) 0.15 to 1.15 0.00
L. ROTATING EQUIPMENT 0.50 0.00

SPECIAL PROCESS HAZARDS (F2)…………………………………………………………………………………………… 3.49

PROCESS UNITS FACTOR HAZARDS (F1 x F2) = F3………………………………………………………………………… 5.24

FIRE AND EXPLOSION INDEX (F3 x MF = F&EI)………………………………………………………………………… 125.64

F-5
Table F.3 Dow Fire and Explosion Index Form of ethylene distillation column
PREPARED BY CPD 3297 APPROVED BY DATE 03-Dec-03
SITE Ethylene distillation column LOCATION Grey area
MATERIALS IN PROCESS UNIT
Propane, ethylene, propylene, water
STATE OF OPERATION BASIC MATERIAL(S) FOR MATERIAL FACTOR
Ethylene
_X_DESIGN NORMAL OP __SHUTDOWN

MATERIAL FACTOR (Table I or Appendices A or B) Note requirements when unit temp over 60oC 24
Penalty Factor Penalty Factor
1. GENERAL PROCESS HAZARDS
Range Used1
BASE FACTOR…………………………………………………………………………………………. 1.00 1.00
A. EXOTHERMIC CHEMICAL REACTIONS 0.30 to 1.25 0.00
B. ENDOTHERMIC PROCESSES 0.20 to 0.40 0.00
C. MATERIAL HANDLING AND TRANSFER 0.25 to 1.05 0.50
D. ENCLOSED OR INDOOR PROCESS UNITS 0.25 to 0.90 0.00
E. ACCESS 0.20 to 0.35 0.00
F. DRAINAGE AND SPILL CONTROL 0.00
GENERAL PROCESS HAZARDS FACTOR (F1)………………………………………………… 1.50
2. SPECIAL PROCESS HAZARDS
BASE FACTOR…………………………………………………………………………………………. 1.00 1.00
A. TOXIC MATERIAL(S) 0.20 to 0.80 0.40
B. SUB ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE (>500 mm Hg) 0.50 0.00
C. OPERATION IN OR NEAR FLAMMABLE RANGE _Inerted _X_ Not Inerted
1. TANK FARMS STORAGE FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS 0.50
2. PROCESS UPSET OR PURGE FAILURE 0.30
3. ALWAYS IN FLAMMABLE RANGE 0.80 0.80
D. DUST EXPLOSION (See Table 3) 0.25 to 2.00 0.00
E. PRESSURE (See Fig 2) Operating Pressure 217.6 psig 0.45
F. LOW TEMPERATURE 0.20 to 0.30 0.00
G. QUALITY OF FLAMMABLE / UNSTABLE MATERIAL : Quantity 17747 lb / kg
HC = 21.5*103 BTU/lb
1. LIQUIDS OR GASES IN PROCESS (See Fig 3) 0.80
2. LIQUIDS OR GASES IN STORAGE (See Fig 4)
3. COMBUSTABLE SOLIDS IN STORAGE, DUST IN PROCESS (See Fig 5)
H. CORROSION AND EROSION 0.10 to 0.75 0.00
I. LEAKAGE - JOINTS AND PACKING 0.10 to 1.50 0.00
J. USE OF FIRED EQUIPMENT (See Fig 6) 0.00
K. HOT OIL EXCHANGE SYSTEMS (See Table 5) 0.15 to 1.15 0.00
L. ROTATING EQUIPMENT 0.50 0.00

SPECIAL PROCESS HAZARDS (F2)………………………………………………………………………………………… 3.45

PROCESS UNITS FACTOR HAZARDS (F1 x F2) = F3………………………………………………………………………… 5.18

FIRE AND EXPLOSION INDEX (F3 x MF = F&EI)…………………………………………………………………………… 124.20

F-6
Table F.4 Dow Fire and Explosion Index Form of propylene distillation column
PREPARED BY CPD 3297 APPROVED BY DATE 03-Dec-03
SITE Propylene distillation column LOCATION Grey area
MATERIALS IN PROCESS UNIT
Propane, propylene, water
STATE OF OPERATION BASIC MATERIAL(S) FOR MATERIAL FACTOR
Proylene
_X_DESIGN NORMAL OP __SHUTDOWN

MATERIAL FACTOR (Table I or Appendices A or B) Note requirements when unit temp over 60oC 21
Penalty Factor Penalty
1. GENERAL PROCESS HAZARDS
Range Factor Used1
BASE FACTOR………………………………………………………………………………………… 1.00 1.00
A. EXOTHERMIC CHEMICAL REACTIONS 0.30 to 1.25 0.00
B. ENDOTHERMIC PROCESSES 0.20 to 0.40 0.00
C. MATERIAL HANDLING AND TRANSFER 0.25 to 1.05 0.50
D. ENCLOSED OR INDOOR PROCESS UNITS 0.25 to 0.90 0.00
E. ACCESS 0.20 to 0.35 0.00
F. DRAINAGE AND SPILL CONTROL 0.00
GENERAL PROCESS HAZARDS FACTOR (F1)………………………………………………… 1.50
2. SPECIAL PROCESS HAZARDS
BASE FACTOR…………………………………………………………………………………………. 1.00 1.00
A. TOXIC MATERIAL(S) 0.20 to 0.80 0.40
B. SUB ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE (>500 mm Hg) 0.50 0.00
C. OPERATION IN OR NEAR FLAMMABLE RANGE __Inerted_X_NotInerted
1. TANK FARMS STORAGE FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS 0.50
2. PROCESS UPSET OR PURGE FAILURE 0.30
3. ALWAYS IN FLAMMABLE RANGE 0.80 0.80
D. DUST EXPLOSION (See Table 3) 0.25 to 2.00 0.00
E. PRESSURE (See Fig 2) Operating Pressure 217.6psig 0.45
F. LOW TEMPERATURE 0.20 to 0.30 0.00
G. QUALITY OF FLAMMABLE / UNSTABLE MATERIAL : Quantity 19257 lb / kg
HC = 21.5*103 BTU/lb
1. LIQUIDS OR GASES IN PROCESS (See Fig 3) 0.84
2. LIQUIDS OR GASES IN STORAGE (See Fig 4)
3. COMBUSTABLE SOLIDS IN STORAGE, DUST IN PROCESS (See Fig 5)
H. CORROSION AND EROSION 0.10 to 0.75 0.00
I. LEAKAGE - JOINTS AND PACKING 0.10 to 1.50 0.00
J. USE OF FIRED EQUIPMENT (See Fig 6) 0.00
K. HOT OIL EXCHANGE SYSTEMS (See Table 5) 0.15 to 1.15 0.00
L. ROTATING EQUIPMENT 0.50 0.00
SPECIAL PROCESS HAZARDS (F2)…………………………………………………………………………………………… 3.49

PROCESS UNITS FACTOR HAZARDS (F1 x F2) = F3………………………………………………………………………… 5.24

FIRE AND EXPLOSION INDEX (F3 x MF = F&EI)…………………………………………………………………………… 109.94

F-7
APPENDIX G

G-1
Appendix G Economics

Purchased Equipment Costs (PCE) with Lang method, can be found in the Table G.1.
Table G.1 Purchased Equipment Costs
Purchased Equipment Costs (PCE) in December 2003
Type Name Equipment Cost
(US$)
Reactor RX001 Shell & Tube 113,643
RX002 Shell & Tube 113,643
Total 227,286
Drum D101 Vessel 12,354
D102 Vessel 23,488
D201 Vessel 26,382
D301 Vessel 24,217
D302 Vessel 6,298
D401 Vessel 5,212
Total 97,951
Column T301 Packed Column 115,198
T302 Packed Column 128,018
T303 Packed Column 3,669,718
T401 Packed Column 38,049
T402 Packed Column 38,049
Total 3,989,032
Heat exchanger E202 Shell & Tube 117,196
E203 Shell & Tube 74,385
E101 Shell & Tube 96,306
E102 Shell & Tube 26,667
E301A Shell & Tube 24,795
E301B Shell & Tube 164,194
E302A Shell & Tube 113,555
E302B Shell & Tube 82,650
E303A Shell & Tube 166,315
E303B Shell & Tube 77,971
E303C Shell & Tube 22,456
E402 Shell & Tube 61,987
E401 Shell & Tube 148,149
Total 1,028,474
Furnace E201 Process, Cylindrical 1,118,956
Compressor C101 Reciprocating 935,706
C201 Reciprocating 998,811
C303 Reciprocating 209,010
Total 2,143,526
Total Purchased cost (US $) 8,605,226

From the Table 6.1 [Coulson& Richardson, Volumn6], we can calculate Direct Capital Cost and
Fixed Capital Cost in the Table G.2.

G-2
Table G.2 Capital costs estimation
Process type
Item
Fluids
1. Major equipment as total purchased cost
f1 : Equipment erection 0.40
f2 : Piping 0.70
f3 : Instrumentation 0.20
f4 : Electrical 0.10
f5 : Buildings,process 0.15
f6 : Utilities 0.20
f7 : Storages 0.15
f8 : Site development 0.05
f9 : Ancillary buildings 0.15
∑ (f1+f2+f3+…+f9) 2.10
2. Total physical plant cost (PPC)
PPC = PCE(1+ f1 + f2 + …+ f9)
PPC = Direct Cost 26,676,201
3. Indirect cost
f10 : Design and engineering 0.20
f11 : Contractor's fee 0.05
f12 : Contingency 0.05
∑ (f10+f11+f12) 0.30
Indirect Capital Cost 8,002,860
Fixed Capital = PPC (1 + f10 + f11 +f12)
Fixed Capital = Direct + Indirect
cost 34,679,062

2003
Costs
US$
1. Direct Capital Cost 26,676,201
2. Indirect Capital Cost 8,002,860
3. Fixed Capital Cost 34,679,062

Raw material and utilities costs, which is used in the process, determined in Table G.3

G-3
Table G.3 Raw material and utilities costs
Stream hrs/annum = 8040
Cost
t/t Cost US$/a Million
Raw Materials Str.No. kg/s m3/a ton/hrs ton/a Price US$/unit Unit
Alkenes @2003 US$/a
@2003
Propane 001 8.23 - 29.64 238,341 1.1748 160 Ton 38,194,083 38.194
Oxygen 008 1.87 - 6.74 54,194 0.2671 143 Ton 7,771,432 7.771
Catalyst1
(V2O5/CeO2/SA5205) 6.8 0.00003 106,549 Ton 724,535 0.725
Catalyst2 (Pt on MFI zeolite) 3.3 0.00002 181,939 Ton 600,399 0.600
Total catalyst cost Ton 1,324,934 1.325
Total Raw Material cost (IN) 47,290,450 47.290

Income
t/t Income US$/a Million
Product Str.No. kg/s m3/a ton/hrs ton/a Price US$/ton Unit
Alkenes @2003 US$/a
@2003
Ethylene 308 2.29 - 8.26 66,376 0.3272 518 ton 34,382,700 34.383
Propylene 313 4.72 16.98 136,502 0.6728 408 ton 55,692,827 55.693
Light gas for syngas plant 303 1.47 5.28 42,414 0.2091 64 ton 2,718,717 2.719
CO2 for EOR 402 0.16 0.58 4,670 0.0230 6.5 ton 30,356 0.030
Water for EOR 208-5 1.46 5.26 42,267 0.2083 0.01 ton 423 0.000
Total Income (OUT) 92,825,022 92.825

Cost Cost US$/a Cost Million

Utilities Load Unit
US$/unit @2003 US$ @2003

Water (t/a)
11,188,806 0.01 Ton 111,888 0.112
Electric (kWh/a)
342,596,748 0.04 kWh 14,469,791 14.470
Total Utilities cost 14,581,679 14.582

G-4
Economic Criteria

a) Net Cash Flow (NCF) can be calculated from Gross Income and Production
Costs.
Net Cash Flow annual = ∑ (Gross Income annual - Production Costs annual )
⎛ Price ⎞
Gross Income annual = Σ ⎜ Products annual x ⎟
⎝ Unit ⎠
= 92,825,022 US$/a
= 92.83 US$ million
Production Cost annual = 79.10 US$ million
Net Cash Flow annual = 92.83- 79.10 US$ million
= 13.72 US$ m illion

b) Rate of Return (ROR) and Pay Out (Back) Time (POT or PBP) from the total
Investment and NCF along ref(1) approach.

Accu. Cash Flow

ROR =
(Project life*Tot.Investment)

Accu.Cash Flow = (Net Cash Flow*Plant life) - Investment Cost +

+ Salvage Value
US$ million
= 13.72 *15 year) - 37.45 US$ million +
year
+ (8%Fixed Capital Cost) US$ million
= ( (13.72*15) - 37.45 +(0.1*34.68))
= 171.12 US$ million
Project life time = Construction time + Plant life time + Salvage
= 2 + 15 +1
= 18 years
So,
171.12 US$ million
ROR =
18 years * 37.45 US$ million
= 25.38 %
and,
POT or PBP = 6 years

G-5
In calculating cash flow (NCF), the project is usually considered as an isolated system,
and taxes on profits and the effect of depreciation of the investment are not considered,
since tax rates are not constant and depend on government policy as well as the rates
of depreciation. Depreciation rates also depend on the accounting practices of the
particular company. Therefore during evaluating projects, the effect of government
policy must be taken into account at some stages particularly when considering
projects in different country.

Cash Flow of this proj ect

200

150

100
Cash Flow (mil $US)

NFV (i=0%)
50
NPV (i=8%)

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

-50

-100

Year

Figure G.1 Cash flow of this project

G-6
APPENDIX H

H-1
Appendix H.1 PFS for process with heat integration

H-2
Figure H.1.1 Process flow scheme Part 1.

H-3
Figure H.1.2 Process flow scheme Part 2

H-4
Appendix H.2 Summary of utilities for the process with

Heat integration

H-5
Table H.2. Summary of utilities for process with Heat integration
SUMMARY OF UTILITIES

EQUIPMENT UTILITIES

Heating Cooling Power

Consumption (t/h) Consumption (t/h) Actual Consumption (t/h, kWh/h) REMARKS

Nr. Name Load Load
Steam Hot Cooling Air Refrig. Load Steam (t/h) Electr.

kW LP MP HP Water kW Water kW HP MP kWh/h

Propane feed heater 3 359 359 [1] At E-301B, the H2

E003 expanded is used as
Propane feed heater 5 1,645 1,645 refrigerant
E005
[2] At 302B, the Ethylene
E006 Oxygen feed heater 1 1,760 1,760 is used as refrigerant
[3]Energy requirement at
E001 Feed Heater1 7,890 E303A & E303B is
Feed Heater2 6,632 fulfilled by heat pump
E002

E004 Feed Heater4 7,536

E101 Shell product cooler 200 36

E102 Compressed gas product cooler 4,801

E103 Compressed gas product cooler 2 294 35

E201 Tube product cooler 4,916

E202 Tube product cooler2 2,242

E203 Tube product cooler 3 2,961 42

E204 Compressed tube gas cooler 4,967 53

H-6
Table H.2. Summary of utilities for process with Heat integration (con’t)
SUMMARY OF UTILITIES

EQUIPMENT UTILITIES

Heating Cooling Power

Consumption (t/h) Consumption (t/h) Actual Consumption (t/h, kWh/h) REMARKS

Nr. Name Load Load
Steam Hot Cooling Air Refrig. Load Steam (t/h) Electr.

kW LP MP HP Water kW Water kW HP MP kWh/h

E301A Light Gas Column Reboiler 1,515 87

E301B Light Gas Column Condenser 7,290 [1]

E302A C2 Column Reboiler 4,601 263

E302B C2 Column Condenser 3,954 [2]

E303A C3 Column Reboiler 61 [3]

E303B C3 Column Condenser 604 [3]

E303C Heat Compresor after cooler 543 93

E402 T402 Reboiler 34,377 655

E401 MDEA cooler 8,132 139

H-7
Table H.2. Summary of utilities for process with Heat integration (con’t)
SUMMARY OF UTILITIES

EQUIPMENT UTILITIES

Heating Cooling Power

Consumption (t/h) Consumption (t/h) Actual Consumption (t/h, kWh/h) REMARKS

Nr. Name Load Load
Steam Hot Cooling Air Refrig. Load Steam (t/h) Electr.

kW LP MP HP Water kW Water kW HP MP kWh/h

C101 Shell Product Compressor 4,171

C201 Tube Product Compressor 4,516

C303 Propylene heat Compressor 670

P301 A/B T301Bottom pump 6.25

P301C/D T301Reflux pump 7.31

P101A/B Process water pump 1 0.25

P102A/B Process water pump 2 0.25

P103A/B Process water pump 3 0.25

P401A/B T401Bottom pump 4.50

P402A/B MDEA recycle pump 4.50

P302A/B T302Bottom pump 30.00

P302C/D T302Reflux pump 6.00

P303A/B T303Bottom pump 7.00

P401A/B T401Bottom pump 4.50

P402A/B MDEA recycle pump 66,376 4.50

TOTAL 132,753 0 0 0 1,004 40,905 399 0 [2] 13,196 0 0 [1]

H-8
Appendix H.3 Heat and Mass balance for the process with Heat integration
Table H.3.1a Mass and heat balance for the process with heat integration
STREAM Nr. : 001 IN 002 003 004 005=004+318
Name : Propane Feed In Preheated Propane1 Preheated Propane2 Preheated Propane3 Total Propane Feed
COMP MW kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s
Propane 44 7.45 0.1692 7.45 0.1692 7.45 0.1692 7.45 0.1692 16.36 0.3717
Oxygen 32 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Ethylene 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Propylene 42 0.79 0.0188 0.79 0.0188 0.79 0.0188 0.79 0.0188 1.71 0.0407
Carbonmon-oxide 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Carbondi-oxide 44 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Methane 16 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Hydrogen 2 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Water 18 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Nitrogen 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Total 8.23 0.1880 8.23 0.1880 8.23 0.1880 8.23 0.1880 18.07 0.4124
Enthalpy kW -17379 -12289 -6334 -5975 -13167
Phase V V V V V
Press. Bara 1 1 1 1 1
Temp oC 25 298 527.5 540 540

H-9
Table H.3.1a Mass and heat balance for the process with heat integration (Con’t)
STREAM Nr. : 006 007 008 009 010
Name : Propane to Shell Rx Propane splitted to Tube Oxygen feed Material to Tube Feed to Tube
COMP MW kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s
Propane 44 9.81 0.2230 6.54 0.1487 0.00 0.0000 6.54 0.1487 6.54 0.1487
Oxygen 32 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 1.79 0.0559 1.79 0.0559 1.79 0.0559
Ethylene 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Propylene 42 1.03 0.0244 0.68 0.0163 0.00 0.0000 0.68 0.0163 0.68 0.0163
Carbonmon-oxide 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Carbondi-oxide 44 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Methane 16 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Hydrogen 2 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Water 18 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Nitrogen 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.08 0.0029 0.08 0.0029 0.08 0.0029
Total 10.84 0.2475 7.23 0.1650 1.87 0.0589 9.10 0.2239 9.10 0.2239
Enthalpy kW -7900 -5267 959 -4308 4957
Phase V V V V V
Press. Bara 1 1 1 1 1
Temp oC 540 540 25 795 850

H-10
Table H.3.1a Mass and heat balance for the process with heat integration (Con’t)
STREAM Nr. : 101 102 103 104 105
Name : Shell gas product1 Shell gas product2 Shell gas product3 Shell gas product4 Shell gas compressed
COMP MW kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s
Propane 44 7.56 0.1717 7.56 0.1717 7.56 0.1717 7.56 0.1717 7.56 0.1717
Oxygen 32 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Ethylene 28 0.003 0.0001 0.003 0.0001 0.003 0.0001 0.003 0.0001 0.003 0.0001
Propylene 42 3.18 0.0756 3.18 0.0756 3.18 0.0756 3.18 0.0756 3.18 0.0756
Carbonmon-oxide 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Carbondi-oxide 44 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Methane 16 0.002 0.0001 0.002 0.0001 0.002 0.0001 0.002 0.0001 0.002 0.0001
Hydrogen 2 0.10 0.0515 0.10 0.0515 0.10 0.0515 0.10 0.0515 0.10 0.0515
Water 18 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Nitrogen 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Total 10.84 0.2990 10.84 0.2990 10.84 0.2990 10.84 0.2990 10.84 0.2990
Enthalpy kW -1247 -9325 -16392 -16528 -12344
Phase V V V V V
Press. Bara 1 1 1 1 30
Temp oC 540 308 32 25 227

H-11
Table H.3.1a Mass and heat balance for the process with heat integration (Con’t)
STREAM Nr. : 106 107 108 109 201
Name : Shell gas compressed2 Shell gas comp.after cooler Shell gas to sep.Unit Shell liq to sep. Unit Tube gas product1
COMP MW kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s
Propane 44 7.56 0.1717 7.56 0.1717 5.08 0.1155 2.48 0.0563 1.36 0.0309
Oxygen 32 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Ethylene 28 0.003 0.0001 0.003 0.0001 0.002 0.0001 0.000 0.0000 2.291 0.0818
Propylene 42 3.18 0.0756 3.18 0.0722 2.22 0.0528 0.96 0.0228 2.47 0.0588
Carbonmon-oxide 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.62 0.0223
Carbondi-oxide 44 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.18 0.0040
Methane 16 0.002 0.0001 0.002 0.0000 0.002 0.0001 0.000 0.0000 0.576 0.0360
Hydrogen 2 0.10 0.0515 0.10 0.0023 0.10 0.0504 0.00 0.0011 0.05 0.0265
Water 18 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 1.47 0.0817
Nitrogen 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.08 0.0029
Total 10.84 0.2990 10.84 0.2464 7.40 0.2189 3.43 0.0801 9.10 0.3449
Enthalpy kW -16373 -17475 -11090 -6385 -4243
Phase V L/V V L V
Press. Bara 30 30 30 30 1
Temp oC 65 55 55 55 850

H-12
Table H.3.1a Mass and heat balance for the process with heat integration (Con’t)
STREAM Nr. : 202 203 204 205 206
Name : Tube gas product2 Tube gas product3 Tube gas product4 Tube gas product5 Tube gas compressed
COMP MW kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s
Propane 44 1.36 0.0309 1.36 0.0309 1.36 0.0309 1.36 0.0309 1.36 0.0309
Oxygen 32 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Ethylene 28 2.291 0.0818 2.291 0.0818 0.082 0.0029 2.291 0.0818 2.291 0.0521
Propylene 42 2.47 0.0588 2.47 0.0588 2.29 0.0545 2.47 0.0588 2.47 0.0561
Carbonmon-oxide 28 0.62 0.0223 0.62 0.0223 2.47 0.0882 0.62 0.0223 0.62 0.0142
Carbondi-oxide 44 0.18 0.0040 0.18 0.0040 0.58 0.0131 0.18 0.0040 0.18 0.0040
Methane 16 0.576 0.0360 0.576 0.0360 0.053 0.0033 0.576 0.0360 0.576 0.0131
Hydrogen 2 0.05 0.0265 0.05 0.0265 0.12 0.0576 0.05 0.0265 0.05 0.0012
Water 18 1.02 0.0566 0.57 0.0315 0.62 0.0346 0.12 0.0064 0.12 0.0026
Nitrogen 28 0.08 0.0029 0.08 0.0029 0.18 0.0063 0.08 0.0029 0.08 0.0019
Total 8.65 0.3198 8.19 0.2946 7.74 0.2915 7.74 0.2695 7.74 0.1760
Enthalpy kW -12982 -18961 -3102 -6063 -6063
Phase V V V V V
Press. Bara 1 1 1 1 1
Temp oC 550 308 219 25 25

H-13
Table H.3.1a Mass and heat balance for the process with heat integration (Con’t)
STREAM Nr. : 207 208(208-5) =208-1 to -4 209 301 302
Name : Tube gas compressed2 Water discharged Tube gas to CO2 removal Propane to Tube Overhead T301
COMP MW kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s
Propane 44 1.36 0.0309 0.00 0.0000 1.36 0.0309 6.44 0.1464 0.00 0.0000
Oxygen 32 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Ethylene 28 0.082 0.0029 0.00 0.0000 2.29 0.0818 2.29 0.0819 7.90 0.2821
Propylene 42 2.29 0.0545 0.00 0.0000 2.47 0.0588 4.69 0.1116 0.00 0.0000
Carbonmon-oxide 28 2.47 0.0882 0.00 0.0000 0.62 0.0223 0.62 0.0223 1.19 0.0426
Carbondi-oxide 44 0.58 0.0131 0.00 0.0000 0.18 0.0040 0.01 0.0003 0.01 0.0002
Methane 16 0.053 0.0033 0.00 0.0000 0.58 0.0360 0.58 0.0361 4.79 0.2994
Hydrogen 2 0.12 0.0576 0.00 0.0000 0.05 0.0265 0.15 0.0769 0.16 0.0797
Water 18 0.62 0.0346 1.46 0.0332 0.01 0.0006 0.01 0.0006 0.00 0.0000
Nitrogen 28 0.18 0.0063 0.00 0.0000 0.08 0.0029 0.08 0.0029 0.14 0.0050
Total 7.74 0.2915 1.46 0.0332 7.64 0.2637 14.88 0.4790 14.19 0.7089
Enthalpy kW -1921 -20359 -4946 -14585 -5787
Phase V L V V V
Press. Bara 30 3 30 30 15
Temp oC 289 25 30 42 -131

H-14
Table H.3.1a Mass and heat balance for the process with heat integration (Con’t)
STREAM Nr. : 303 304 305 306 307
Name : Light gas Product Reflux T301 Feed to T302 Overhead T302 Reflux T302
COMP MW kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s
Propane 44 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 6.44 0.1464 0.01 0.0002 0.01 0.0002
Oxygen 32 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Ethylene 28 0.03 0.0010 7.87 0.2811 2.26 0.0809 2.26 0.0808 0.00 0.0000
Propylene 42 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 4.69 0.1116 8.53 0.2032 8.52 0.2029
Carbonmon-oxide 28 0.62 0.0223 0.57 0.0203 0.00 0.0000 0.05 0.0018 0.05 0.0018
Carbondi-oxide 44 0.00 0.0000 0.01 0.0002 0.01 0.0003 0.01 0.0003 0.00 0.0000
Methane 16 0.58 0.0361 4.21 0.2633 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Hydrogen 2 0.15 0.0769 0.01 0.0027 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Water 18 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.01 0.0006 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Nitrogen 28 0.08 0.0029 0.06 0.0021 0.00 0.0000 0.05 0.0019 0.05 0.0019
Total 1.47 0.1392 12.72 0.5697 13.42 0.3398 10.93 0.2883 8.63 0.2068
Enthalpy kW -5786 -5787 -14573 -14264 11270
Phase V V L V L
Press. Bara 15 15 15 15 15
Temp oC -131 -131 10 -39 -39

H-15
Table H.3.1a Mass and heat balance for the process with heat integration (Con’t)
STREAM Nr. : 308 309 310 311 312
Name : Ethylene Prduct Bottom product T303 Feed to T303 Overhead T303 Reflux T302
COMP MW kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s
Propane 44 0.00 0.0000 6.44 0.1463 8.91 0.2026 0.05 0.0011 0.05 0.0010927
Oxygen 32 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0
Ethylene 28 2.26 0.0808 0.00 0.0001 0.00 0.0001 0.04 0.0015 0.04 0.0014474
Propylene 42 0.01 0.0003 4.67 0.1113 5.63 0.1340 105.15 2.5036 100.44 2.391449
Carbonmon-oxide 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0
Carbondi-oxide 44 0.01 0.0003 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 7.027E-06
Methane 16 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0002 0.00 0.000154
Hydrogen 2 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0011 0.05 0.0242 0.05 0.0230689
Water 18 0.00 0.0000 0.01 0.0006 0.01 0.0006 0.00 0.0000 0.00 6.849E-39
Nitrogen 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0
Total 2.29 0.0815 11.12 0.2582 14.56 0.3384 105.29 2.5306 100.58 2.4172
Enthalpy kW 2994 -16920 -23305 0 0
Phase L L L V L
Press. Bara 15 15 15 15 15
Temp oC -39 40 38 35 35

H-16
Table H.3.1a Mass and heat balance for the process with heat integration (Con’t)
STREAM Nr. : 313 314 314-W 315 316
Name : Propylene Prduct Propane recycle1 Moisture removed Propane recycle2 Propane recycle3
COMP MW kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s
Propane 44 0.00 0.0001 8.91 0.2025 0.00 0.0000 8.91 0.2025 8.91 0.2025
Oxygen 32 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Ethylene 28 0.00 0.0001 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Propylene 42 4.71 0.1121 0.92 0.0219 0.00 0.0000 0.92 0.0219 0.92 0.0219
Carbonmon-oxide 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Carbondi-oxide 44 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Methane 16 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Hydrogen 2 0.00 0.0011 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Water 18 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.01 0.0006 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Nitrogen 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Total 4.72 0.1133 9.83 0.2244 0.01 0.0006 9.83 0.2244 9.83 0.2244
Enthalpy kW 2093 -24058 -168 -17002 -14849
Phase V L L V V
Press. Bara 15 15 15 15 15
Temp oC 35 43 43 217 298

H-17
Table H.3.1a Mass and heat balance for the process with heat integration (Con’t)
STREAM Nr. : 317 318 401 402
Name : Propane recycle4 Propane recycle5 CO2 less gas product CO2 By product
COMP MW kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s
Propane 44 8.91 0.2025 8.91 0.2025 1.36 0.0309 0.00 0.0000
Oxygen 32 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Ethylene 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 2.29 0.0818 0.00 0.0000
Propylene 42 0.92 0.0219 0.92 0.0219 2.47 0.0588 0.00 0.0000
Carbonmon-oxide 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.62 0.0223 0.00 0.0000
Carbondi-oxide 44 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.01 0.0003 0.16 0.0037
Methane 16 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.58 0.0360 0.00 0.0000
Hydrogen 2 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.05 0.0265 0.00 0.0000
Water 18 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.01 0.0006 0.00 0.0000
Nitrogen 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000 0.08 0.0029 0.00 0.0000
Total 9.83 0.2244 9.83 0.2244 7.48 0.2601 0.16 0.0037
Enthalpy kW -9407 -7193 -3494 -1451
Phase V V V V
Press. Bara 15 1 30 1
Temp oC 476 540 30 101

H-18
Table H.3.1a Mass and heat balance for the process with heat integration (Con’t)
STREAM Nr. : 403 404
Name : MDEA sol feed Spent MDEA sol
COMP MW kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s
Propane 44 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Oxygen 32 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Ethylene 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Propylene 42 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Carbonmon-oxide 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Carbondi-oxide 44 0.00 0.0000 0.16 0.0037
Methane 16 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Hydrogen 2 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
Water 18 15.96 0.8864 15.96 0.8864
Nitrogen 28 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.0000
MDEA 119.2 15.96 0.1339 15.96 0.1339
Total 31.91 0.8864 32.07 0.8901
Press. Bara 30 30
Temp oC 30 30

Table H.3.1bOverall mass and heat balance for the process with heat integration (Con’t)
Overall Component
Mass Balance &
Stream Heat balance
STREAM Nr. : 001+008 303+308+313+402+208+314W OUT-IN
Name : Total Plant IN Total Plant OUT Total Plant
COMP MW kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s kg/s kmol/s
Propane 44 7.45 0.1692 0.00 0.0001 -7.44 -0.1691
Oxygen 32 1.79 0.0559 0.00 0.0000 -1.79 -0.0559
Ethylene 28 0.00 0.0000 2.29 0.0819 2.29 0.0819
Propylene 42 0.79 0.0188 4.72 0.1125 3.93 0.0937
Carbonmon-oxide 28 0.00 0.0000 0.62 0.0223 0.62 0.0223
Carbondi-oxide 44 0.00 0.0000 0.18 0.0040 0.18 0.0040
Methane 16 0.00 0.0000 0.58 0.0361 0.58 0.0361
Hydrogen 2 0.00 0.0000 0.16 0.0780 0.16 0.0780
Water 18 0.00 0.0000 1.47 0.0817 1.47 0.0817
Nitrogen 28 0.08 0.0029 0.08 0.0029 0.00 0.0000
Total 10.11 0.2439 10.11 0.4165 0.00

H-19
Appendix H.4 Economy
Profitability analysis is required to evaluate the economic aspect of a project design.
Some crucial measures such as Purchased Equipment (PCE), Total Investment cost,
production cost, profit margin, return on investment (ROI), payback period (PBP). The
cash flow, net present value (NPV) and the investor’s rate of return (IRR) (also know as
the discounted cash-flow rate of return (DCFRR) to count the time value of money.

Margin is defined as
follows:
Margin=Total Value (Products, Wastes OUT ) - Total Value (Feedstock's, Process Chemicals, IN )

In order to prevent confusion, in this conceptual stage, profitability analysis would not
include some local regulation such as, local taxes, depreciation, subsidy, grant etc.
Thereby, they will be taken on board in further stage.

In this chapter, it presents the economic indexes such as investment cost, margin, and
economic criteria in order to view the feasibility of proposed design.

Investment

Lang method is used in order to estimate the investment of the designed process.
Investment is considered in term of direct capital cost, indirect capital cost, fixed capital
cost, license cost, and working capital cost.
Some commodity chemicals can be obtained from the Chemical Marketing Reporter and
Chemical week magazine.
Direct Capital Cost: The summation of the material costs required to build the complete
Process that are incurred in the construction of a plan, in addition to the cost of
equipment are
1. Equipment erection, including foundations and minor structural work.
2. Piping, including insulation and painting
3. Electrical, power and lighting.
4. Instruments, local and control room
5. Process building and structures
6. Ancillary buildings, offices, laboratory buildings, workshops.
7. Storages, raw materials and finished products.
8. Utilities, provision of plant for steam, water, air, firefighting services
9. Site and site preparation

Indirect Capital Cost: The costs that are first, for Design and engineering, which cover
the cost of design and the cost of engineering, purchasing, procurement and construction
supervision. Secondly, for Contractor’s fees and for Contingency allowance.

Fixed Capital Cost is the summation of Direction Capital Cost and Indirection Capital
Cost. Purchased Equipment Costs (PSE) with Lang method and capital cost can be found
in the Table H.4.1. The summary of the capital investment cost presents in Table H.4.2.

H-20
Purchased Equipment Costs (PCE) with Lang method, can be found in the Table H.4.1.
Table H.4.1 Purchased Equipment Costs
Purchased Equipment Costs (PCE) in December 2003
Type Name Equipment Cost
(US$)
Reactor RX001 Shell & Tube 113,643
RX002 Shell & Tube 113,643
Total 227,286
Drum D101 Vessel 12,354
D102 Vessel 23,488
D201 Vessel 26,382
D301 Vessel 24,217
D302 Vessel 6,298
D401 Vessel 5,212
Total 97,951
Column T301 Packed Column 115,198
T302 Packed Column 128,018
T303 Packed Column 3,669,718
T401 Packed Column 38,049
T402 Packed Column 38,049
Total 3,989,032
Heat exchanger E-001 Shell & Tube 3,868,958
E-002 Shell & Tube 2,446,242
E-004 Shell & Tube 1,173,004
E-101 Shell & Tube 35,126
E-102 Shell & Tube 643,563
E-103 Shell & Tube 30,994
E-201 Shell & Tube 636,338
E-202 Shell & Tube 1,961,731
E-203 Shell & Tube 65,577
E-204 Shell & Tube 61,987
E-301A Shell & Tube 24,795
E-301B Shell & Tube 164,194
E-302A Shell & Tube 113,555
E-302B Shell & Tube 82,650
E-303A Shell & Tube 166,315
E-303B Shell & Tube 77,971
E-303C Shell & Tube 22,456
E-402 Shell & Tube 61,987
E-401 Shell & Tube 148,149
Total 11,785,592
Furnace E-003 Process, Cylindrical 34,504
E-005 Process, Cylindrical 111,404
E-006 Process, Cylindrical 117,354
Total 263,262
Compressor C101 Reciprocating 935,706
C201 Reciprocating 998,811
C303 Reciprocating 209,010
Total 2,143,526

H-21
 From the table 6.1 (Reference: Coulson& Richardson, Volumn6), we can calculate Direct
Capital Cost and Fixed Capital Cost in the Table H.4.2.
Table H.4.2 Capital costs estimation
Process type
Item
Fluids
1. Major equipment as total purchased cost
f1 : Equipment erection 0.40
f2 : Piping 0.70
f3 : Instrumentation 0.20
f4 : Electrical 0.10
f5 : Buildings,process 0.15
f6 : Utilities 0.20
f7 : Storages 0.15
f8 : Site development 0.05
f9 : Ancillary buildings 0.15
∑ (f1+f2+f3+…+f9) 2.10
2. Total physical plant cost (PPC)
PPC = PCE(1+ f1 + f2 + …+ f9)
PPC = Direct Cost 57,370,614
3. Indirect cost
f10 : Design and engineering 0.20
f11 : Contractor's fee 0.05
f12 : Contingency 0.05
∑ (f10+f11+f12) 0.30
Indirect Capital Cost 17,211,184
Fixed Capital = PPC (1 + f10 + f11 +f12)
Fixed Capital = Direct + Indirect cost 74,581,798

2003
Costs
US$
1. Direct Capital Cost 57,370,614
2. Indirect Capital Cost 17,211,184
3. Fixed Capital Cost 74,581,798

To estimate the total investment cost of this process, the total investment is fixed capital cost and working capital.
Therefore the total capital cost is summarized in Table H.4.3.

Table H.4.3 Total Capital Cost

Year' 2003
Total Investment Costs
US$ million
1. Fixed Capital Cost 74.58
2.Working Capital Cost 5.97
Total Investment Costs 80.55
Note: Working Capital Cost means the additional investments for start up until income starts such as initial
catalyst charge, raw material & intermediates, finished product inventories.

H-22
The raw material and utilities are presented in Table H.4.4. Meanwhile, Production cost is shown in Table H.4.5.
Table H.4.4 The raw material and utilities cost
Stream hrs/annum = 8040
Cost
t/t Price Cost US$/a Million
Raw Materials Str.No. kg/s m3/a ton/hrs ton/a Unit
Alkenes US$/unit @2003 US$/a
@2003
Propane 1 8.23 - 29.64 238,341 1.1748 160 Ton 38,194,083 38.194
Oxygen 8 1.87 - 6.74 54,194 0.2671 143 Ton 7,771,432 7.771
Catalyst1 (V2O5/CeO2/SA5205 6.8 0.00003 106,549 Ton 724,535 0.725
Catalyst2 (Pt on MFI zeolite) 3.3 0.00002 181,939 Ton 600,399 0.6
Total catalyst cost Ton 1,324,934 1.325
Total Raw Material cost (IN) 47,290,450 47.29

Income
Income
t/t Price Million
Product Str.No. kg/s m3/a ton/hrs ton/a Unit US$/a
Alkenes US$/ton US$/a
@2003
@2003
Ethylene 308 2.29 - 8.26 66,376 0.3272 518 ton 34,382,700 34.383
Propylene 313 4.72 16.98 136,502 0.6728 408 ton 55,692,827 55.693
Light gas for syngas plant 303 1.47 5.28 42,414 0.2091 64 ton 2,718,717 2.719
CO2 for EOR 402 0.16 0.58 4,670 0.023 6.5 ton 30,356 0.03
Water for EOR 208-5 1.46 5.26 42,267 0.2083 0.01 ton 423 0
Total Income (OUT) 92,825,022 92.825

H-23
Table H.4.4 The raw material and utilities cost (Con’t)
Cost
Cost Cost US$/a Million
Utilities Load Unit
US$/unit @2003 US$
@2003
Water (t/a)
11,281,221 0.010 Ton 112,812 0.113
Steam (t/a)
12.000 Ton 0.000
Electric (kWh/a)
106,097,231 0.04 kWh 4,481,084 4.481
Fuel (t/a) 0
Total Utilities cost 4,593,896 4.594

Table H.4.5 Production cost

Cost
% of Total
Million
Production Cost Cost US$/a @2003
US$/a
Production
Cost
@2003
Variable cost
1. Raw Materials 47,290,450 47.290 61.37
2. Miscellaneous materials 372,909 0.373 0.48
3. Utilities 4,593,896 4.594 5.96
4. Shipping and Packaging 0.000 0.00
Sub Variable cost A 52,257,255 52.257 67.82
Fixed cost
5. Maintenance 3,729,090 3.729 4.84
6. Operating Labor 1,500,000 1.500 1.95
7. Laboratory costs 300,000 0.300 0.39
8. Supervision 300,000 0.300 0.39
9. Plant Overheads 750,000 0.750 0.97
10. Capital charges 7,458,180 7.458 9.68
11 Insurance 745,818 0.746 0.97
12. Local taxes 1,491,636 1.492 1.94
13. Royalties 745,818 0.746 0.97
Sub Fixed cost B 17,020,542 17.021 22.09
Direct production costs A+B 69,277,796 69.278 89.91
14. Sales Expense 3,463,890 3.464 4.50
15. General overheads 3,463,890 3.464 4.50
16. Research and Development 851,027 0.851 1.10
Sub-total C 7,778,807 7.779 10.09
Annual production cost = A+B+C 77,056,603 77.057 100.00

Annual production rate (ton/annum) 202,878

Production cost (Pound/kg) = 380

H-24
Economic criteria

In order to determine the economic, Process Cash Flow, Rate of Return (ROR) and
Pay Out (Back) Time (POT) of the investment are summarized in Table E.4.6.
Table E.4.6 Economic Criteria
Economic criteria
Cash Flow 15.77
M US$
Rate of 11.17
Return
(ROR) [%]
Pay Out 10
Time yrs
DCFROR
% 15.31

Economic Criteria

c) Net Cash Flow (NCF) from Gross Income and Production Costs.
Net Cash Flow annual = ∑ (Gross Income annual - Production Costs annual )
⎛ Price ⎞
Gross Income annual = Σ ⎜ Products annual x ⎟
⎝ Unit ⎠
= 92,825,022 US$/a
= 93.83 US$ million
Production Cost annual = 77.057 US$ million
Net Cash Flow annual = 93.83- 77.05 US$ million
= 15.77 US$ million

d) Rate of Return (ROR) and Pay Out (Back) Time (POT or PBP) from the total
Investment and NCF along approach.
Accu. Cash Flow
ROR =
(Project life*Tot.Investment)

Accu.Cash Flow = (Net Cash Flow*Plant life) - Total Investment Cost +

+ Salvage Value
US$ million
= 15.77 *15 year) - 80.55 US$ million +
year
+ (8%Fixed Capital Cost) US$ million
= ( (15.77*15) - 80.55 +(0.1* 74.58))
= 161.94 US$ million

H-25
 Project life time = Construction time + Plant life time + Salvage
= 2 + 15 +1
= 18 years
So,
161.94 US$ million
ROR =
18 years * 80.55 US$ million
= 11.17 %
and,
POT = 10 years

In calculating cash flow (NCF), The project is usually considered as an isolated

system, and taxes on profits and the effect of depreciation of the investment are not
considered, since tax rates are not constant and depend on government policy as well
as the rates of depreciation. Depreciation rates also depend on the accounting
practices of the particular company. Therefore during evaluating projects, the effect
of government policy must be taken into account at some stages particularly when
considering projects in different country.

Cash Flow of this project

200

150

100
Cash Flow (mil $US)

NFV
50
NPV (i=8%)

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

-50

-100
Year

Figure H.4.1. The discounted cash flow (i=0% and i=8%)

H-26