1

1 A rifle fires a bullet of mass 0.020 kg vertically upwards through the air. As it leaves the rifle, the
speed of the bullet is 350 m / s.

(a) Calculate

(i) the kinetic energy of the bullet as it leaves the rifle,

kinetic energy = .............................................. [3]

(ii) the maximum possible height that the bullet can reach.

maximum height = .............................................. [2]

(b) The actual height reached by the bullet is less than the value calculated in (a)(ii).

(i) Explain, in terms of the forces acting on the bullet, why this is so.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [2]

(ii) As the bullet rises through the air, its kinetic energy decreases.

State what happens to this energy.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 9]
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2 (a) Describe a renewable process by which electrical energy is obtained from the energy stored
in water. You may draw a diagram in the space.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [4]

2 (b) Explain why the process described in (a) can be regarded as renewable.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) Explain whether the Sun is the source of the energy stored in the water in (a).

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]

3 A footballer kicks a ball vertically upwards. Initially, the ball is stationary.

(a) His boot is in contact with the ball for 0.050 s. The average resultant force on the ball during
this time is 180 N. The ball leaves his foot at 20 m / s.

Calculate:
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(i) the impulse of the force acting on the ball,

impulse = ............................................... [2]

(ii) the mass of the ball,

mass = ................................................... [2]

(iii) the height to which the ball rises. Ignore air resistance.

height = .................................................. [3]

(b) While the boot is in contact with the ball, the ball is no longer spherical.

State the word used to describe the energy stored in the ball.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 8]

4 A diver climbs some steps on to a fixed platform above the surface of the water in a swimming-pool.

He dives into the pool. The figure below shows the diver about to enter the water.
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8.0 m

The mass of the diver is 65 kg. The platform is 8.0 m above the surface of the water.

(a) Calculate

(i) the increase in the gravitational potential energy of the diver when he climbs up to the
platform.

increase in gravitational potential energy = ....................................................... [1]

(ii) the speed with which the diver hits the surface of the water. Ignore any effects of air
resistance.

speed = ....................................................... [4]

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(b) In another dive from the same platform, the diver performs a somersault during the descent.
He straightens, and again enters the water as shown in the figure above.

Discuss whether the speed of entry into the water is greater than, less than or equal to the
speed calculated in (a)(ii). Ignore any effects of air resistance.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 8]
3
5 A U-shaped tube of constant cross-sectional area contains water of density 1000 kg / m . Both
sides of the U-tube are open to the atmosphere.

Diagram A shows that the water levels in the two sides of the tube are equal.

Diagram A Diagram B

5
The atmospheric pressure is 1.00 × 10 Pa.
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The left-hand side of the tube is now connected to a gas supply using a length of rubber tubing.
This causes the level of the water in the left-hand side of the tube to drop by 0.200 m, as shown in
diagram B.

(a) Calculate the pressure of the gas supply. Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

pressure = .............................................. [3]

(b) Diagram C shows that the gas supply is now connected to a cylinder that contains a piston.

Diagram C

The pressure of the gas moves the piston to the right.

2
(i) The area of the piston in contact with the gas is 0.025 m .

Calculate the resultant force on the piston.

resultant force = .............................................. [2]

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(ii) The pressure of the gas causes the piston to move a distance of 0.50 m to the right.

Calculate the work done by the gas from the supply on the piston.

work done = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 7]

6 The diagram shows a plastic cup. The cup contains sand, an electric heater and a thermometer.

The power of the heater is 50 W. The mass of the sand in the cup is 550 g. The initial temperature
of the sand is 20 °C. The heater is switched on for 2.0 minutes. The temperature is recorded until
the temperature stops increasing. The highest temperature recorded by the thermometer is 33 °C.

(a) Calculate the energy supplied by the heater.

energy = .............................................. [2]

(b) Calculate a value for the specific heat capacity of the sand, using your answer to (a) and the
data in the question.

specific heat capacity = .............................................. [3]

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(c) Explain why the specific heat capacity of sand may be different from the value calculated in
(b).

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 7]

7 A cube of side 0.040 m is floating in a container of liquid. The diagram shows that the surface of
the liquid is 0.028 m above the level of the bottom face of the cube.

The pressure of the air above the cube exerts a force on the top face of the cube. The valve is
closed.
3
(a) The density of the liquid in the container is 1500 kg / m .

Calculate:

(i) the pressure due to the liquid at a depth of 0.028 m

pressure = .............................................. [2]

(ii) the force on the bottom face of the cube caused by the pressure due to the liquid.

force = .............................................. [2]

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(b) The valve is opened and liquid is pumped into the container. The surface of the liquid rises a
distance of 0.034 m.

The cube remains floating in the liquid with its bottom face 0.028 m below the surface of the
liquid.

(i) Calculate the work done on the cube by the force in (a)(ii).

work done = .............................................. [2]

(ii) Suggest one reason why this is not an efficient method of lifting up the cube.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 7]

8 The diagram shows a collision between two blocks A and B on a smooth, horizontal surface.

Before the collision, block A, of mass 2.4 kg, is moving at 3.0 m / s. Block B, of mass 1.2 kg, is at
rest.

After the collision, blocks A and B stick together and move with velocity v.

(a) (i) Calculate the momentum of block A before the collision.

momentum = .......................................... [2]

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(ii) Calculate the velocity v.

velocity = ................................................ [2]

(iii) Calculate the impulse experienced by block B during the collision.

impulse = ............................................... [2]

(b) Suggest why the total kinetic energy of blocks A and B after the collision is less than the kinetic
energy of block A before the collision.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 7]

9 When a salmon swims up a river to breed, it often has to jump up waterfalls. The figure shows a
salmon jumping above the surface of the water. On this occasion the salmon falls back down into
the river.

salmon

waterfall

river

The salmon has a mass of 2.0 kg.

The salmon leaves the water vertically with a kinetic energy of 16.2 J.
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(a) Calculate the speed of the salmon as it leaves the water.

speed = .............................................. [2]

(b) Calculate the maximum height gained by the salmon. Ignore air resistance.

gain in height = .............................................. [3]

(c) Another salmon, of much greater mass, leaves the water vertically with the same speed.

State and explain how the height of this salmon’s jump compares to the height reached by the
first salmon.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 7]

10 An electrical heater is placed on the floor of a room in a house. The heater is switched on.

The heater has a power of 1.5 kW. The air in the room has a mass of 65 kg. The specific heat
capacity of air is 720 J / (kg °C).
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(a) Calculate the time it takes for this heater to raise the temperature of the air in the room from
8.0 °C to 15.0 °C.

time = .............................................. [4]

(b) State two reasons why the time calculated in (a) is smaller than the actual time taken to raise
the temperature of the air in the room from 8.0 °C to 15.0 °C.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 6]

11 The diagram shows an electrically powered bicycle.

battery

electric motor

When fully charged, the battery can deliver a power of 600 W for 60 min.
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(a) Calculate the energy, in joules, stored in the battery when fully charged.

energy = .............................................. J [3]

(b) The bicycle has a motor with an electrical input power of 250 W.

Calculate the time for which the battery can power the bicycle.

time = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 5]