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MN2018 Tutorial 3 Solutions

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8 views

MN2018 Tutorial 3 Solutions

Uploaded by

Ron Shen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EIE4104 Mobile Networking (2018/19)

Suggested Solutions to Tutorial 3


Unit 4: Cellular Concept

Problems

1. An octagon shaped cell is closer to a circle than a hexagon. Explain why such a shape is
not used as an ideal shape of the cell?

[Solution]

Hexagonal modeling of cells achieves complete packing of space without any overlap or gaps
between cells. Though octagons (or any polygon of sides 7 or more) are closer in shape to circles
than hexagons, they cannot be packed without causing either overlap or gaps or both.

2. A new wireless service provider decided to employ a cluster of 19 cells as the basic module for
frequency reuse.

(a) Identify one such cluster structure?


(b) What is the reuse distance for the system?
(c) Can you find the worst-case co-channel interference in such a system?

[Solution]

(a) 19-cell cluster i = 3, j = 2 =⇒ N = 4 + 9 + 6 = 19

(b) Reuse distance

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(c) Let the reuse distance D and the radius of the cell R.

3. Prove that the reuse distance is 𝐷 = √3𝑁𝑅, where R is radius of the cell and N is the
number of cells in a cluster.

[Solution]

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4. If each user keeps a traffic channel busy for an average of 5% time and an average of 60
requests per hour is generated, what is the Erlang value?

[Solution]

The request rate r = 60/3600 = 1/60 requests/sec


Holding time = 0.05×3600 = 180 sec

Therefore the offered traffic load in Erlangs is =request rate × holding time = (1/60)×180 = 3
Erlangs.

5. On average, during the busy hour, a cell receives 120 calls of average duration of 2 minutes.

(a) What is the input traffic of the cell?


(b) If the system wants to obtain a grade of service of 0.01, how many lines/channels the
cell is required?

[Solution]

(a) The input traffic = 120/3600 × 2×60 = 4 Erlang (E)


(b) From the table, 4E traffic needs 10 lines to achieve a grade of service of 0.01.

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6. A group of 20 lines provides a grade of service of 0.01 when offered 12 E of traffic.

(a) How much is the grade of service improved if one extra line is added to the group?
(b) How much does the grade of service deteriorate if one line is out of service?

[Solution]

(a) Using the recursive relation

12 𝐵(20,12𝐸)
𝐵(21,12𝐸) =
21 + 12 𝐵(20,12𝐸)
12 × 0.01
= = 0.0057
21 + 12 × 0.01

(b) Similarly, we have

12 𝐵(19,12𝐸)
𝐵(20,12𝐸) = = 0.01
20 + 12 𝐵(19,12𝐸)
Then

0.2 + 0.12 B(19, 12E) = 12 B(19, 12E)

B(19, 12E) = 0.017

7. During a busy hour, the number of calls per hour for each of the 12 cells of a cellular cluster is
2220, 1900, 4000, 1100, 1000, 1200, 1800, 2100, 2000, 1580, 1800 and 900. Assume that 75%
of the car phones in this cluster are used during this period and that one call is made per phone.

(a) Find the number of customers in the system.


(b) Assuming the average hold time of 60 seconds, what is the total Erlang value of the
system?
(c) Find the reuse distance D if R = 5 km.

[Solution]

(a) Number of customers in the system = (2220 + 1900 + 4000 + 1100 +1000 + 1200 + 1800 +
2100 + 2000 + 1580 + 1800 + 900)/0.75 = 16200

(b) Average number of calls in each cell = (2220 + 1900 + 4000 + 1100 +1000 + 1200 + 1800
+ 2100 + 2000 + 1580 + 1800 + 900)/12 = 1800
Holding time = 60 seconds
Request rate  = 1800 = 0.5 calls/second
Therefore the offered traffic load in Erlangs is
a =Request rate ×Holding time = 0.5 × 60 = 30 E

(c) R = 5 km, Reuse distance is

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8. A certain city has an area of 1300 square miles and is covered by a cellular system using a
seven-cell reuse pattern. Each cell has a radius of four miles and the city is allocated 40 MHz
of spectrum with a full duplex channel bandwidth of 60 KHz. Assume a GOS of 2% for an
Erlang B system is specified. If the offered traffic per user is 0.03 E, compute

(a) The number of cells in the service area


(b) The number of channels per cell
(c) Traffic intensity of each cell
(d) The maximum carried traffic
(e) The total number of users that can be served for 2% GOS
(f) The number of mobiles per unique channel (where it is understood that channels are
reused)
(g) The theoretical maximum number of users that could be served at one time by the
system

[Solution]

(a) Given:

Total coverage area = 1300 miles2, cell radius R = 4 miles


The area of a cell (hexagonal) = 33/2 R2 = 2.5981 R2 = 41.57 miles2
Hence, the total number of cells are 1300/41.57 = 31 cells
(b) The total number of channels per cell N
= allocated spectrum / (channel width × frequency reuse factor)
= 40,000,000 / (60,000×7) = 95 channels/cell
(c) Given N=95 and GOS = 0.02
From the traffic table, we have

Traffic intensity per cell a = 84 E/cell

(d) Maximum carried traffic = number of cells × traffic intensity per cell = 31 × 84 = 2604E

(e) Given traffic per user = 0.03E


Total number of users = 2604 / 0.03 = 86,800 users

(f) Number of mobiles per unique channel = number of users / number of channels
= 86800 / (40M/60k) = 130 mobiles / channels

(g) The theoretical maximum number of served mobiles is the number of available channels in
the system (all channels occupied)

= N × 31 = 95 × 31 = 2945 users, which is 3.4% of the customer base

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