GOVERNMENT OF KARNATAKA

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANA SANGAMA, BELAGAVI-590018
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & affiliated to VTU, Belagavi )

A Project on

“SOCIAL CONNECT AND

RESPOSIBILITY”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the award of degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in Electronic and communication
Engineering For the Academic year 2023-2024

Submitted by:
ABHILASH YALLAPPA BARAKER
rd
3 Sem E&C Engineering

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Course Project work entitled “SOCIAL
CONNECT AND RESPONSIBILITY-21SCR36” carried out by
Abhilash Yallappa Baraker bearing USN is a bonafide
student of Government Engineering College Chamarajanagar, in
partial fulfillment for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Engineering
In Electronics and Communication Engineering of Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belagavi, during the academic year 2023-
2024. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for internal
assessment have been incorporated in the report deposited in
the department library. The Course Project report has been approved
as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of course
project work prescribed for the said degree.

Signature of the Professor Signature of the HOD

Prof.NAGESH Dr. RAVEENDRA.K
Department Of Head of the Department
Physical Education Department of ECE
GEC, Chamrajanagara GEC, Chamrajanagara

Signature of the Principal

Dr. VENKATESH.D
Principal
GEC, Chamarajanagara
 DECLARATION

I, Abhilash Yallappa Baraker, student of Third semester Bachelor

of Engineering, Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, Government Engineering College Chamarajanagar ,
would hereby declare that the Course Project entitled “SOCIAL
CONNECT AND RESPONSIBILITY” 21SCR36 h a s b e e n
c a r r i e d o u t b y m e a t Government Engineering College
and submitted in partial fulfillment of the course requirement for
the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics
and Communication Engineering of Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Belagavi, during the academic year 2023-2024.
I further declare that the work embodied in this report has not been
submitted to any other university or institution for the award of any
other degree.

Place :Chamarajanagar Signature of

student
Date : 27-03-2023
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of the

Project Work would be incomplete without the mention of the
people who made it possible through constant guidance and
encouragement.
We would also like to convey our regards to Dr. Venkatesh D,
Principal GEC Chamarajanagar for providing us with the
infrastructure and facilities needed to develop our project.
We wish to express our deepest gratitude and thanks to Dr.
Raghavendra K, Head of t h e D e p a r t m e n t , E l e c t r o n i c s a n d
C o m m u n i c a t i o n Engineering, GEC Chamarajanagar .
We wish to express our sincere thanks to our guide
Mrs. Assistant Professor, Department E l e c t r o n i c s and
C o m m u n i c a t i o n Engineering, GEC Chamarajanagar . for
helping us throughout and guiding from time to time.
We would like to extend our sincere gratitude to the teaching and non-
teaching staff members of the Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, for extending their suggestion and
being a constant source of inspiration behind this report.
 ABSTRACT

This report explores the concept of social connection and

responsibility and its impact on individuals and society. It
provides an overview of the importance of the same, including
how it affects mental and physical health, community engagement, and
the environment.
There port also examines the ways in which individuals and
organizations can foster social connections, including through
volunteering, community involvement, and corporate social
responsibility initiatives.
Additionally, it discusses the challenges that can arise when attempting
to promote the same, such as social isolation and cultural barriers,
and provides recommendations for addressing these challenges.
Ultimately, the report emphasizes the importance of social connection
and responsibility in creating a healthier and more connected society.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
SL CHAPTER PAGE
NO NO
I Declaration i
II Acknowledgement ii
III Abstract iii
1. Plantation and adoption of tree
1.1 Benefits of tree plantation and adoption
1.2 Challenges in tree plantation and adoption
1.3 Lack of awareness
2. Heritage walk and crafts corner
2.1 Gudibande Fort
2.2 Isha Foundation
3. Organic farming and waste management
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Organic farming
3.3 Waste management or waste disposal
3.4 Conclusion
4. Water Conservation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Water conservation4
4.3 Water related problems
4.4 Water conservation projects and initiatives in India
4.5 Present practices in surrounding villages
4.6 Implementation in college
4.7 Conclusion
5. Food walk
5.1 Importance of eating indeginous
5.4 Conclusion
6. Conclusion
7. Reference
MODULE-1
PLANTATION AND ADOPTION OF TREE

TREE PLANTATION

Tr e e s p r o v i d e a r a n g e o f b e n e f i t s , i n c l u d i n g i m p r o v i n g a i r q u a l i t y r e d
u c i n g c a r b o n d i o x i d e l e v e l s , providing shade, and enhancing the aesthetic appeal
of the environment. Here is a report on the plantation and adoption of trees.
Plantation and adoption of trees are important activities that can
h a v e a s i g n i f i c a n t i m p a c t o n t h e environment and the planet. Trees provide a
wide range of benefits, including producing oxygen, absorbing carbon dioxide, reducing
air pollution, providing shade and shelter, improving soil quality, and
supporting biodiversity. In this report, we will discuss the benefits of tree plantation and
adoption, the challenges that need to be addressed, and the steps that can be taken to
promote the planting and adoption of trees.

1.1 BENEFITS OF TREE PLANTATION AND ADOPTION:

Environmental Benefits:
Trees absorb carbon dioxide and other harmful gases from the atmosphere and
release oxygen, which helps r e d u c e a i r p o l l u t i o n a n d i m p r o v e a i r q u a l i t y.
Tr e e s a l s o h e l p i n c o n t r o l l i n g s o i l e r o s i o n a n d w a t e r conservation,
reducing the impact of natural disasters, and maintaining a balanced ecosystem.

Economic Benefits:
Planting and adopting trees provide economic benefits such as increasing property
values, reducing energy costs, and providing a source of income through the sale of
timber or other tree products.

Social Benefits:
Trees also have a significant impact on the social well-being of communities. They
provide shade, beautify neighborhoods, and create a sense of community pride and
ownership.

1.2 CHALLENGES IN TREE PLANTATION AND ADOPTION:

Land Availability:
One of the main challenges in tree plantation and adoption is the availability of land for
planting. Land is often in short supply, especially in urban areas, where there is
high demand for housing and commercial development.

Maintenance:
Planting trees is not enough; they require regular maintenance, including watering,
pruning, and protection from pests and diseases. This requires a considerable amount of
time and effort, which can be challenging for individuals and communities

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1.3 LACK OF AWARENESS:

Lack of awareness and understanding of the benefits of tree plantation and adoption can
hinder the efforts to increase the number of trees planted and adopted. Education
and awareness-raising campaigns are essential to encourage people to participate in
these activities. Trees play a crucial role in mitigating the effects of climate change. They
absorb carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from the atmosphere, reducing
the amount of heat trapped in the Earth's atmosphere. Trees also help regulate the
water cycle, improve air quality, and provide habitats for wildlife water cycle, improve
air quality, and provide habitats for wildlife.
Planting new trees is an effective way to combat deforestation and enhance
biodiversity. Tree planting programs can take place in various forms, such as
community tree-planting events, urban reforestation projects, and large-scale
afforestation efforts. These programs can help restore degraded ecosystems, prevent soil
erosion, and mitigate the effects of natural disasters such as floods and landslides. In
addition to plantation, tree adoption is equally important. Adopting a tree involves
providing it with the necessary care and protection to ensure its growth and
survival. This can include watering, pruning, and protecting trees from pests and
disease. Tree adoption programs are popular in urban areas, where residents can help care
for trees in their neighborhoods.
The benefits of tree plantation and adoption are numerous. Trees enhance the aesthetic
value of landscape sa n d p r o v i d e r e c r e a t i o n a l o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r p e o p l e .
T h e y a l s o p l a y a n i m p o r t a n t r o l e i n s u s t a i n a b l e agriculture, providing shade
for crops and reducing soil erosion. However, despite the numerous benefits of trees,
deforestation continues to be a major global problem. The loss of forests is mainly
due to human activities such as logging, mining, and agricultural expansion.
Therefore, it is crucial that we continue to promote tree plantation and
adoption efforts to protect our environment and ensure a sustainable future.

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 Tree plantation in our College
MODULE-2
HERITAGE WALK AND CRAFTS CORNER
Heritage walks have become a popular way for people to explore the rich history and
culture of a place. In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in exploring the
heritage sites of Karnataka. This module aims to provide an overview of the heritage
walk to 5 of the most interesting places in Karnataka.
Badami,Aihole,Pattadakallu,Mahakuta, Shivayoga mandira this are located in Bagalkote
district in Karnataka.

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MODULE-3
ORGANIC FARMING AND WASTE MANAGEMENT
3.1 INTRODUCTION
Agriculture is very pivotal to human growth and development. This is due to
the production of food and fiber which are needed by humans all over the
world. However, agriculture is also associated with the production of large
amount of wastes such as crop residues, animal manure, etc. These wastes are usually
difficult to dispose and often reduces environmental aesthetics and quality as they are
usually disposed on open fields or burnt in most parts of the world.
Those left on the field encounter wetting and dry processes which may sometimes cause
anaerobic conditions that lead to bad smell, attraction of flies and insects, and spread of
epidemic diseases, while those burnt are usually associated with air pollution
and release of obnoxious and greenhouse gases. Aiyelari EA explained that
burning of agricultural wastes could be d e t r i m e n t a l t o h u m a n h e a l t h
and the environment owing to the release of greenhouse gases to the
atmosphere which could also lead to global warming effects. Some consequences of this
phenomenon may result into chaotic weather changes, food insecurity, starvation and
malnutrition.
In recent years, agricultural production has advanced beyond the
focus on great yield production to i m p r o v e d f o o d q u a l i t y , h u m a n
nutrition and environmental quality via practices that
i m p r o v e environmental health, sound ecology, while enhancing food s
e c u r i t y . R o d a l e a d v i s e d t h a t i n s t e a d o f focusing on greater yields in
production agriculture, which will eventually exhaust soil nutrients, the goal should be
an agricultural management system that has the capability to preserve or
improve soil quality a n d t h e e n v i r o n m e n t . L o k e s h w a r i M n o t e d t h a t
most
a g r i c u l t u r a l w a s t e s c o n t a i n b i o d e g r a d a b l e hemicellulose and cellu
lose materials, which on decomposition improve soil properties and s
u p p l y nutrients to crops.
Hence, they can be better managed by reusing and/ or recycling them. They may be used
as a source of energy, bedding, manure, mulch, compost, organic matter, or
plant nutrients which are environmentally friendly practices, or they can be
marketable when properly treated. A common practice is to recycle the nutrients in
the waste through land application which is an alternative means of supplying
nutrients to crops and maintaining soil fertility, H e n c e , t h e i r u s e a s a s o u r c e o f
plant nutrients for growing vegetable crops could assume increasing
importance as they are comparable to chemical fertilizers in crop yield
improvement. In general, all of these practices have been effectively
coordinated under the umbrella of organic farming and have been reported as

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effective means of managing agricultural wastes for improvement of
agricultural land while maintaining environmental quality.

3.2 ORGANIC FARMING

This system makes the best use of crop residues, animal manure, green manure and off-
farm organic waste in order to maintain soil productivity, supply plants with
necessary nutrients, and control insects, weeds and other pests. It is an
agricultural waste management system in which all necessary components are
installed and managed to control and use by-products of agricultural production in a
manner that sustains or enhances the quality of air, water, soil, plant, animal and energy
resources. Organic farming, as a waste management system, consists of six basic
functions as shown in Figure. Production is a function of the a m o u n t a n d
nature of agricultural waste generated by an agricultural enterprise.It
v a r i e s w i t h t y p e , volume, time etc. The collection of these wastes involves capturing
and gathering from point of deposition. The major problem with this as it affects
environmental quality is that this aspect is given little or no consideration in
most developing countries, including Nigeria. An agricultural waste management system
should identify methods of collection, location of collection etc.

Also, the transfer which involves the movement and transportation of waste
from the collection point to storage, treatment and utilization site is very crucial. The
mode and equipment for transfer will depend on the nature (liquid, semi-solid or solid) of
the waste. This will also influence the type of storage facility and the processes
required for treatment in order to reduce the pollution potential and/or modify
the physical characteristics of the waste prior to utilization. Utilization of
agricultural wastes has been reported to improve sanitary conditions, soil quality
and crop yield. Some of the soil properties and crop yield shown to be enhanced by
use of some agricultural wastes under organic farming, and the forms in which
these wastes were used are discussed as follows:

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 Organic Farm
Effects of organic farming on crop productivity
The modification of soil properties by organic amendments in organic farming
system often results to improved soil productivity and crop yield. Poultry
manure and Terminalia catappa leaves compost was e v a l u a t e d f o r i t e f f e c t
on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) by Aiyelari EA as shown in Table
4 . T h e y observed that the application of these organic wastes either as
compost or mulch significantly improved okra pod yield. For example, 5t ha-1
and 10t ha-1 compost of poultry manure and Terminalia catappa leaves gave
72.7% and 87.4% increase in the number of okra pods produced, while the use of
Terminalia catappa leaves as mulch at 10t ha-1 resulted to 1.0% increase. Corresponding
values for fresh pod weight(g plant-1) were 204.4% and 267.0% increase under 5t
ha-1 and 10t ha-1 compost, while mulching at 5t ha-1 and 10t ha-1 gave 48.4% and
52.7% increase compared to unamended soil.

3.3 WASTE MANAGEMENT OR WASTE DISPOSAL

It includes the processes and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its
final disposal. This includes the collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste,
together with monitoring and regulation of the waste management process and waste-
related laws, technologies, economic mechanisms. W a s t e c a n b e s o l i d , l i q u i d , o r
gases and each type has different methods of disposal and management. Waste
management deals with all types of waste, including industrial, biological,
household, municipal, organic, biomedical, radioactive wastes. In some cases,
waste can pose a threat to human health. Health issues are associated
throughout the entire process of waste management. Health issues can also
arise indirectly or directly: directly through the handling of solid waste, and indirectly
through the consumption of water, soil and food. Waste is produced by human activity,
for example, the extraction and processing of r a w m a t e r i a l s . W a s t e m a n a g e m e n t
i s i n t e n d e d t o r e d u c e a d v e r s e e f f e c t s o f w a s t e o n h u m a n health, the
environment, planetary resources and aesthetics. The aim of waste management is to
reduce the dangerous effects of such waste on the environment and human
health. A big part of waste management deals with municipal solid waste,
which is created by industrial, commercial, and household activity.

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 Wet waste
Waste hierarchy
The waste hierarchy refers to the "3 Rs" Reduce, Reuse and Recycle, which
classifies waste management strategies according to their desirability in terms of
waste minimisation. The waste hierarchy is the bedrock of most waste minimization
strategies. The aim of the waste hierarchy is to extract the maximum practical benefits
from products and to generate the minimum amount of end waste; see:resource recovery.
The waste hierarchy is represented as a pyramid because the basic premise is
that policies should promote measures to prevent the generation of waste. The next
step or preferred action is to seek alternative uses for t h e w a s t e t h a t h a s b e e n
generated, i.e., by re-use. The next is recycling which includes
c o m p o s t i n g . Following this step is material recovery and waste-to-energy. The
final action is disposal, in landfills or through incineration without energy recovery.
This last step is the final resort for waste which has not been prevented, diverted or
recovered. The waste hierarchy represents the progression of a product or material
through the sequential stages of the pyramid of waste management. The
hierarchy represents the latter parts of the life-cycle for each product.
Life-cycle of a product
The life-cycle begins with the design, then proceeds through manufacture,
distribution, and primary useand then follows through the waste hierarchy's stages of
reduce, reuse and recycle. Each stage in the life-c y c l e o f f e r s o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r
policy intervention: to rethink the need for the product, to redesign to
minimize waste potential, and to extend its use. Product life-cycle analysis is a way to
optimize the use of the world's limited resources by avoid6ing the unnecessary generation
of waste.
Resource efficiency
Resource efficiency reflects the understanding that global economic growth and
development cannot be sustained at current production and consumption
patterns. Globally, humanity extracts more resources to produce goods than
the planet can replenish. Resource efficiency is the reduction of the environmentalimpact
from the production and consumption of these goods, from final raw material extraction
to the last use and disposal.
Polluter-pays principle
The polluter-pays principle mandates that the polluting party pays for the impact on the
environment. With respect to waste management, this generally refers to the
requirement for a waste generator to pay for appropriate disposal of the
unrecoverable material.
History

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Throughout most of history, the amount of waste generated by humans was insignificant
due to low levels of population density and exploitation of natural resources.
Common waste produced during pre-modern times was mainly ashes and
human biodegradable waste, and these were released back into the ground locally,
with minimum environmental impact. Tools made out of wood or metal were
generally reused or passed down through the generations. However, some
civilizations have been more profligate in their waste output than others. In
particular, the Maya of Central America had a fixed monthly ritual, in which the
people of the village would gather together and burn their rubbish in large dumps.
Recycling
Recycling is a resource recovery practice that refers to the collection and reuse of waste
materials such as e m p t y b e v e r a g e c o n t a i n e r s . T h i s p r o c e s s i n v o l v e s
breaking down and reusing materials that would otherwise be gotten
rid of as trash. There are numerous benefits of recycling, and with so
m a n y n e w technologies making even more materials recyclable, it is possible to clean
up the Earth. Recycling not only benefits the environment but also positively affects the
economy. The materials from which the items are made can be made into new products.
Materials for recycling may be collected separately from general w a s t e
using dedicated bins and collection vehicles a procedure called
kerbside collection. I n s o m e communities, the owner of the waste is required to
separate the materials into different bins (e.g. for paper, plastics, metals) prior to
its collection. In other communities, all recyclable materials are placed in a single bin for
collection, and the
sorting is handled later at a central facility. The latter method is known as "single-stream
recycling".
The most common consumer products recycled include aluminium such as beverage
cans, copper such as wire, steel from food and aerosol cans, old steel furnishings or
equipmentrubbertyres, polyethylene andPET bottles,glass bottles and jars, paperboard car
tons,newspapers,magazines and light paper, and corrugated fiber board boxes.
PVC,LDPE,PP, and PS are also recyclable. These items are usually composed of a single
type of material, making them relatively easy to recycle into new products. The recycling
of complex products (such as computers and electronic equipment) is more difficult, due
to the additional dismantling and separation required. The type of material accepted for
recycling varies by city and country. Each city and country has different recycling
programs in place that can handle the various types of recyclable materials.
However, certain variation in acceptance is reflected in the resale value of the
material once it is reprocessed. Some of the t y p e s o f r e c y c l i n g i n c l u d e
w a s t e p a p e r a n d c a r d b o a r d , plastic recycling,metal recycling, e l e c t r o n i c
devices, wood recycling, glass recycling, cloth and textile and so many more. In
July 2017, the Chinese government announced an import ban of 24 categories
of recyclables and solid waste, including plastic, textiles and mixed paper,
placing tremendous impact on developed countries globally, which exported
directly or indirectly to China.
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Re-use
Recoverable materials that are organic in nature, such as plant material, food
scraps, and paper products, c a n b e r e c o v e r e d t h r o u g h composting a n d
d i g e s t i o n p r o c e s s e s t o decompose t h e o r g a n i c m a t t e r . T h e resulting organic
material is then recycled as mulch or compost for agricultural or landscaping purposes. In
addition, waste gas from the process (such as methane) can be captured and used for
generating electricity a n d h e a t ( C H P / c o g e n e r a t i o n ) m a x i m i s i n g e f f i c i e n c i e s
T h e r e a r e d i f f e r e n t t y p e s o f c o m p o s t i n g a n d digestion methods and
technologies. They vary in complexity from simple home compost heaps
to largescale industrial digestion of mixed domestic waste. The different methods of
biological decomposition are classified as aerobic or anaerobic methods. Some
methods use the hybrids of these two methods. The an aerobic digestion of the
organic fraction of solid waste is more environmentally effective than landfill,
or incineration. The intention of biological processing in waste management
is to control and accelerate the natural process of decomposition of organic matter.
F

Waste management
3.4 CONCLUSION
Agriculture is associated with the production of large amount of organic
wastes that can adversely affect environmental quality and human health if not
properly managed. These wastes are biodegradable and rich in nutrient elements that are
essential for enhancing soil fertility and crop growth. Therefore, management functions
involving the collection, transfer, storage, treatment and utilization of
agricultural wastes inorganic farming could enable farmers harness the bio-
fertilizer potentials in these wastes for agricultural crop production. Their
utilization as compost, green manure and farmyard manure improves soil
water holding capacity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, organic matter and
total nitrogen content, microbial population and crop yield relative to conventional
use of chemical fertilizers which are expensive. Thus, the alteration of agricultural wastes
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and their use as soil amendments would make them easy to handle and environmental
friendly, hence making organic farming an environmentally sound production

system for improving soil properties and crop yield. However, the role of organic

farming in managing soil erosion is yet to be fully explored.

MODULE-4
WATER CONSERVATION
4.1 INTRODUCTION
Water conservation is the careful use and preservation of the water supply,
including the quantity and q u a l i t y o f w a t e r u t i l i z e d . W a t e r i s a n
e s s e n t i a l a s s e t f o r t h e n o u r i s h m e n t o f a l l l i f e . T h e f u n d a m e n t a l demand
for all activities appropriates for local use to the agricultural industry. With the
regularly expanding weight of the human population, there has been serious
tension on water resources. Negligence of customary water bodies like tanks and lakes,
unpredictable abuse of ground water, a n d i n c o r r e c t preservation
of surface water
s y s t e m s h a v e b o t h e r e d t h e i s s u e . S t i l l f u r t h e r a n d i s undoubtedly
going to grow in the years to come. There are various approaches to making your
water last nowadays. One simple yet often disregarded strategy to cut your water
bill is to use your water twice. Unlike electricity, you can reuse water again and again.
That's the idea of water conservation.
Key Facts about our water
Water is the most important natural resource that living things need. But at the same time,
it has also been misused and wasted. To better grasp the full significance of water
conservation, take a look at the few yet key facts about water:

 The average adult human body comprises 50-65 percent of water. They are
averaging around 57-60 percent. Infants have a higher percentage. Often around
75-78% water, dropping to 65% by one year.

 The Earth has a limited amount of water. The water we have now is all we get,
recycled repeatedly. The water cycle can help you understand this condition.

 Water is the basic demand for every food. It grows our fruits and
vegetable, and each livestock consumes it.

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  A plant's life is dependent on water. Plants help the ecosystem and produce the
oxygen necessary to keep us healthy. Trees are generally used for housing, paper,
and much more.

 Ninety-seven percent (97%) of all water on Earth is saltwater- which is not

suitable for drinking.

 Only three percent (3%) of water on Earth is freshwater. Only 0.5% is

available is suitable for drinking.

The other 2.5% of freshwater is found in glaciers, ice caps, the

a t m o s p h e r e , s o i l , o r u n d e r t h e Earth's surface or is too polluted for consumption.

4.2 WATER CONESRVATION

Water Conservation is the practice of efficiently preserving, controlling, and managing
water resources. Water conservation has become essential in every part of the world,
even in regions where water appears
to be enough. It is the most practical and environment-friendly approach to lessen our nee
d for water.

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