HIGH-SPEED RAIL : THE RIGHT SPEED FOR OUR PLANET

Under the High Patronage of his Majesty King Mohammed VI

Session3.1, Room Karam3

Operational performance /
Signalling and control

Moderator : Mr. Jean-Michel EVANGHELOU

Deputy Director of Rail Systems Dept.,
UIC, France
Session3.1
Operational performance / Signalling and control
Speaker Lists;

1 2 3 4 5 6

Mr.Navneet Mr.Stefano Mr.Dong Mr.Sergio Mr.Thomas Mr.LIANG

Kaushik Marcoccio Il SUNG Repetto Denis Jiawei

India Italy South Korea Italy France China

2
 HIGH-SPEED RAIL : THE RIGHT SPEED FOR OUR PLANET
Under the High Patronage of his Majesty King Mohammed VI

11TH WORLD CONGRESS OF HIGH-SPEED RAIL

Marrakech, 7-10 MARCH 2023

IMPLEMENTAION OF ERTMS HYBRID

Level 3 CONCEPT BY NCRTC

Sh. Navneet Kaushik

Director (System & Operations), NCRTC, INDIA
Session1-3.1 Operational performance / Signalling and control
3
RRTS – filling the gap of regional commute

National-level (>150 km) Regional-level (20-150 km) City-level (10-25 km) Last Mile (<10 km)

National Railways Passenger Trains Autos / Shared Autos

Metro Rail Transit
National Airlines Inter-state Buses E-Rickshaws
Bus Rapid Transit
High Speed Rail RRTS (Semi-high Feeder Buses
City Buses
Speed rail)
High Speed Rail & Semi-High Speed Rail are in nascent stages of implementation

Implemented already Under implementation for first time

IMPLEMENTAION OF ERTMS HYBRID Level 3 CONCEPT BY NCRTC 4
 Why ERTMS hybrid-level 3 Delhi – Meerut RRTS Corridor

❖ Unique Operational Requirement :

Catering to High Speed RRTS and Metro on same Track infrastructure and
stations where both MRTS and RRTS Trains runs.

Need reliable, safe, high frequency (shorter headways), at high speed

i.e. 160 Km/hr. – ERTMS hybrid-level 3

IMPLEMENTAION OF ERTMS HYBRID Level 3 CONCEPT BY NCRTC 5

Why ERTMS hybrid-level 3

❖ Need interoperable signalling solution: Three corridors converging at one point.

❖ System must cater to shorter headways.
❖ RRTS + MRTS on shared infrastructure.
❖ Optimization of track side infrastructure.
❖ Technology should be proven.

ERTMS level 3 Full Moving Block – does not exist and Level 3 with virtual block
meets the requirement.

IMPLEMENTAION OF ERTMS HYBRID Level 3 CONCEPT BY NCRTC 6

Implementation of ERTMS hybrid-level 3

❖ Requirement for ERTMS Level 3 and Hybrid Level 3 (moving block or virtual moving block):
▪ Train Integrity Monitoring (TIM): Fixed composition train, TIM available through train lines.
▪ Positioning system: Balise, Odometer, Radio backbone.
❖ Green field work - convenient to implement ERTMS Hybrid Level 3 with Fixed Virtual Blocks, with Trackside Train Detection (TTD).
❖ Capacity increase depends upon length of virtual block.
❖ Fall back system availability: In case of system vide communication failure, operation possible under fixed block sections.
❖ Implementation of ERTMS hybrid-level 3 will lead to reduction of axel counters on field, increase system capacity.
❖ Requirement of Enhance bidirectional communication between the trackside and trains, and inter -train connections.
▪ Migration toward LTE and 5G technology,
▪ Modular approach.
❖ An effective approach to reduce cost and less complex systems.
▪ Reduce the number of wayside components.
▪ Pivot the system as a whole towards mobile equipment.
❖ Redundant Axle counters to increase reliability of fixed block.

IMPLEMENTAION OF ERTMS HYBRID Level 3 CONCEPT BY NCRTC 7

Advantages of having ERTMS hybrid-level 3

➢ Interoperable with future corridors. Same trains can move smoothly in both ETCS Hybrid Level 3 and ETCS Level 2 environment.

➢ For implementing ETCS Hybrid Level 3, no change is required in IXL and Onboard.

➢ Virtual blocks are defined inside RBC only.

➢ Future lines or future expansions are vendor independent.

➢ Simultaneous movement of trains with integrity and without integrity is possible on same infrastructure.

IMPLEMENTAION OF ERTMS HYBRID Level 3 CONCEPT BY NCRTC 8

Hybrid Level 3 implementation in NCRTC

➢ Virtual track length are decided based on the headway simulation considering the design headway of 120 sec.
➢ Minimum length of virtual section is more than the train length. Approximate maximum length of Virtual section is 1 Km.
➢ All the mid section physical axle counters are bifurcated at least into 2 equal virtual sections.
Physical Track section

Virtual Track section #1 Virtual Track section #2

IMPLEMENTAION OF ERTMS HYBRID Level 3 CONCEPT BY NCRTC 9

Why Virtual blocks are not considered in the station area

Station area is equipped with required number of axle counter to ensure the maximum operational requirements and no physical axle
counter section is more than one train length. So, It is not technically valuable to include virtual sections in station area.

IMPLEMENTAION OF ERTMS HYBRID Level 3 CONCEPT BY NCRTC 10

Minimum Distance between two train

Danger
End of Moving
Point
Authority
20m
DOT

Virtual Track Section -2 Virtual Track Section -1

WS-2 WS-1
Track Section

➢ Maximum distance between balise groups is 500 mtrs. With 1% rate, maximum error accumulation through Odometer is only 5 mtrs.
➢ No physical marker at virtual section boundary.
➢ Minimum distance between two trains has been checked at site through physical measurement during train testing phase.

11
IMPLEMENTAION OF ERTMS HYBRID Level 3 CONCEPT BY NCRTC
Capacity improvement test results

❖ Line comparative capacity analysis using open track simulation tool:

▪ Study performed on a commuter rail line in NCRTC (peak hours, 8 am to 10 am)

S.no. Section Block Headway

(Excluding Turn Back)
1 Sarai Kale Khan - Modipuram Moving Block 65 Sec

2 Sarai Kale Khan - Modipuram ETCS Level -2 without virtual Block 320 sec

3 Sarai Kale Khan - Modipuram ETCS L-2 with virtual block sections 172 sec

IMPLEMENTAION OF ERTMS HYBRID Level 3 CONCEPT BY NCRTC 12

Point for further consideration

➢ Larger virtual sections – Need for physical marker boards to be seen to provide required information to Train Operator or text message on DMI
to indicate cause of train stopping.
➢ In case of failure of TIMS, degradation from Hybrid Level 3 to Level 2.
➢ Redundancy of TDD.

IMPLEMENTAION OF ERTMS HYBRID Level 3 CONCEPT BY NCRTC 13

HIGH-SPEED RAIL : THE RIGHT SPEED FOR OUR PLANET
Under the High Patronage of his Majesty King Mohammed VI

THANK YOU

14
 HIGH-SPEED RAIL : THE RIGHT SPEED FOR OUR PLANET
Under the High Patronage of his Majesty King Mohammed VI

11TH WORLD CONGRESS OF HIGH-SPEED RAIL

Marrakech, 7-10 MARCH 2023

ETCS/ERTMS INTEGRATION BETWEEN HI-SPEED AND

CONVENTIONAL NETWORK

Fabio Senesi, Gallo Gianvito, Stefano Marcoccio, Claudia Bafunno, Ylenia Ferlazzo,
Vito Mastrapasqua, Andrea Tredicine, Giovanni Antonio Vita
ERTMS National Plan, RFI, Italy
Session1-3.1 Operational performance / Signalling and control
 The Italian Rail Network – Functional Needs
~ 1000 km High Speed Network
(6%)
Command Control System : ERTMS/ETCS L2
Train spacing with radio block Speed/Interoperability

~ 950 km Metropolitan Traffic Lines

(5%)
Command Control System : CTC, SCC, SCC-M
Train spacing with short block sections (High Capacity) Increase capacity
~ 2.900 km Fast Lines
(18%)
Command Control System : CTC, SCC
Train spacing with SCMT
Middle performances +
~ 3.900 km Freight lines
(23%)
Command Control System : CTCev, SCC Interoperability
Train spacing with block sections: SSC,SCMT
~ 7.950 km Subsidiary + Low Traffic Lines
(48%)
Command Control System : CTC
Train spacing with block sections: SSC
Economic Sustainability

ETCS/ERTMS INTEGRATION BETWEEN HI-SPEED AND CONVENTIONAL NETWORK Page 2

Needs, Obligation, Opportunities from a National Accelerated ERTMS Plan

Obligation
• Interoperability Needs
• More Safety
functionalities • Avoid Obsolescence
Opportunities
• More Avaibility
• More Capacity • Digitalization
• Reduce Cost of Ownership • New Performance
(Anticipate Benefit)
• Saving Energy
• Innovation (GNSS, 5G…)

ETCS/ERTMS INTEGRATION BETWEEN HI-SPEED AND CONVENTIONAL NETWORK Page 3

 The ERTMS Accelerated Plan trackside: technical - financial dimension
A great challenge for the whole country and a new governance of investments
The ERTMS National accelerated Plan consists of:
Accelerated and extended ERTMS over the whole railway infrastructure (IT: 16.800 km) by 2036 (TEN and Off-TEN)

Synchronized and harmonized ERTMS (trackside/on-board) deployment

Simultaneous decommissioning of the national Class B system, with incentives for the RUs, as of 2023

Technological renewal of Control Command and Signaling (CCS) (Digital Interlocking, Traffic Management
System (TMS), TLC (GSM-R/FRMCS based), and ERTMS/ETCS), coordinated and driven by ERTMS system

INTEGRATED MULTI-TECHNOLOGICAL PLAN AND REALIZATION OF INVESTMENTS DRIVEN BY ERTMS

ERTMS L2 Interlockings TLC TMS TRACK CIRCUITS AUDIO FREQUENCY

THE WHOLE ERTMS TRACKSIDE PLAN requires a total budget of 13B€

and 2022 - 2026 deployed with resources granted BY EC RECOVERY PLAN (3B€)

ETCS/ERTMS INTEGRATION BETWEEN HI-SPEED AND CONVENTIONAL NETWORK Page 4

 ERTMS ON BOARD: IT retrofit strategy for the Circulating Fleet
ITALIAN MINISTRY OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND TRANSPORT
Government
decision
n. 121/2021
RFI - Infrastructure Manager
Integrated ALL Railway to grant 50% of
Coordination of deployment total cost On
planning Undertakings
Trackside and On-board board

Retrofitting/upgrading Retrofitting/upgrading
Of the Types of Vehicles of the Series of Vehicles
from Class B to ERTMS + Class B system from Class B to ERTMS + STM Class B System
(120 Types) (5.000 Onboard in circulation)
"Technological credit" in Italy deriving from the recent equipping of
rolling stock with a Class B system Upgradable to ERTMS

This model will be successful in EU if:

Incentives on Series and Vehicles are granted up to 100% of the cost for ALL Rus
Conformity checks on Series of Vehicles (NSA/ERA) are carried out in shorter timing

ETCS/ERTMS INTEGRATION BETWEEN HI-SPEED AND CONVENTIONAL NETWORK Page 5

 Milestones of the ERTMS Accelerated Plan trackside/onboard
Previous strategy: Dual on Track (Breakthough New Accelerated Plan: Dual OnBoard
Programme) 1200km and technological renewal

Work in progress 2022

European Trackside
CEF/National Funds 2 Multi-tech Tender on 4.900 km
Recovery Plan 2023-2027
NIP
2015 2017 2021 2023 2024 2026 2030 2036
UPGRADE/RETROFIT ALL RUs FLEETS
2019: Ranzo-
Iselle-Domo
Luino and

2020: Domo-
Novara

RFI ERTMS Target EU Target EU:

Accelerated Target EU
Plan Recovery Fund Recovery Fund Core
1.400 km 3.400 km network

Until 2026 2027-2030 2031-2036 Firstly,

investments on
Core network 40% 60% regional off-ten
Core TEN-T: ≈5.800km
network Comprehensive TEN-T:
Comprehensive 26% 22% 52%
(smaller fleets) ≈4.600km
Off TEN 30% 8% 62% as requested Off-TEN: ≈6.400km
by RUs
ETCS/ERTMS INTEGRATION BETWEEN HI-SPEED AND CONVENTIONAL NETWORK Page 6
 Forecast ERTMS Trackside and OnBoard migration
BTP Breakthrough Program IXL Digital
IXL «EO»: Digital IXL ERTMS Oriented Lines Km
Station
Start Progressive
5000 16000 1650
Decommissioning
Class B
OnBoard TEN + Off TEN
cab OnBoard
Retrofitting
Retrofitted NIP 2022 10500 TEN
National ERTMS
ERTMS BL3 +
STM SCMT Accelerated Plan

6000 Core
400 2000 BTP
NIP 2017: National Implementation Plan ERTMS 900 IHSL
500
2015 2018 2022 2026 2028 2036
TSI CCS TSI CCS TSI CCS+
IXL
Innovation
Digital IXL + Class B Digital IXL «EO» Only Ertms
S2R Digital IXL RCA
1G€ National Funds + CEF 3 G€ Recovery Fund 9 G€ National Funds + CEF Fund
Contract on going New Tender New Tender

ETCS/ERTMS INTEGRATION BETWEEN HI-SPEED AND CONVENTIONAL NETWORK Page 7

 Framework Agreement Phase 1 and Phase 2
500 Mio€ 2,7 Mrd€

1,3 Mrd€ 900 Mio€ 323 Mio€ 251 Mio€

ETCS/ERTMS INTEGRATION BETWEEN HI-SPEED AND CONVENTIONAL NETWORK Page 8

ERTMS Accelerated Plan in a nutshell
Increase SAFETY Function (NSA PNRR , Recovery Fund,
request) and Interoperability Member State Budget for IM
(EU) and Compatible Help Aid for
IIFF
Unique EU Standard Command
and Control System, Centralized, Anticipate benefit,
Digital Radio Based, for all the reduction CAPEX&OPEX
Railway Network avoiding obsolescence

Higher Performances , Speed ,

Great deal and effort
Capacity, Flexibility for different
for Supplier, NSA, RUs,
context and services, Olystic
IM, NoBo, Assessor
Modal Shift Design
Innovation by ERJU (FRMCS, ATO Awesome Cultural
GoA4, GNSS, Smart Road sinergy..). Transformation and Migration
Managing ERTMS Baseline System for IM and RUs staff
Vesion Management and
Cybersecurity Coordinated Trackside and Train borne ERTMS
investement and commercial services by
Energy Saving by ATO over permanent consultation (RUs, IM, Member State,
ERTMS up to 20% Supplier, NSA)
ETCS/ERTMS INTEGRATION BETWEEN HI-SPEED AND CONVENTIONAL NETWORK Page 9
 ERTMS High Speed Network and Node of Florence
Conventional Network ERTMS High Speed Network
High Speed Network and Node of Florence

Node of Florence ERTMS

(activation 01/2026)

Node of Florence HD ERTMS

(activation 12/2026)

AV Line Rome - Florence

Conventional Line Rome - Florence

Accelerated ERTMS Plan in Italy Page 10

 LEGEND
Node of Rome HD ERTMS

• 1.1 M. Mario(e) - RM Ostiense(i) 12/2024

• 1.2 Cesano(i) - M. Mario(i) 12/2025
• 2 RM Termini - RM Casilina – Ciampino 12/2025
• 3 RM Ostiense(e) - RM Tiburtina(e) 06/2025
• 4 RM Prenestina - Settebagni 10/2027

I° Sem. II° Sem. I° Sem. II° Sem. I° Sem. II° Sem. I° Sem. II° Sem. I° Sem. II° Sem. I° Sem. II° Sem.
2022 2022 2023 2023 2024 2024 2025 2025 2026 2026 2027 2027

1.1 M. Mario – 3 RM Ostiense – 1.2 Cesano - 4 RM Prenestina –

RM Ostiense RM Tiburtina M. Mario Settebagni
2 RM Termini – RM
ETCS/ERTMS INTEGRATION BETWEEN HI-SPEED AND CONVENTIONAL NETWORK Casilina - Ciampino Page 11
 HIGH-SPEED RAIL : THE RIGHT SPEED FOR OUR PLANET
Under the High Patronage of his Majesty King Mohammed VI

THANK YOU

Fabio Senesi, Gallo Gianvito, Stefano Marcoccio, Claudia Bafunno, Ylenia Ferlazzo,
Vito Mastrapasqua, Andrea Tredicine, Giovanni Antonio Vita
ERTMS National Plan, RFI, Italy
 HIGH-SPEED RAIL : THE RIGHT SPEED FOR OUR PLANET
Under the High Patronage of his Majesty King Mohammed VI

11TH WORLD CONGRESS OF HIGH-SPEED RAIL

Marrakech, 7-10 MARCH 2023

Korean Train Control System (KTCS)

using LTE-R based ETCS
Dongil SUNG
General Manager, Korea National Railway, Korea
Session1-3.1 Operational performance / Signalling and control
 I. Railway Technology
Management directive from Mr. Kim Hanyoung, Chairman and CEO of KNR:
“Enhance speeds and efficiency of the rail network, and build eco-friendly & carbon neutral railways”

Signaling & Communications

Railway Electric power
• Signal, interlocking, control
• Roadbed, tunnel, bridge • Power supply, catenary, power
line • Communication network (STM),
INFRA • Track, rail & fastening, radio (VHF, TRS, LTE)
sleeper, point • Distribution, station, facility

Operation Railway technology

• Rolling stock locomotive,

O&M trailer maintenance
Integrated system
• Transport ticket logistics

Korean Train Control System using LTE-R based ETCS 2

 II. Development of KTCS – New train control system for high speed rail

Capacity Increase Cost Down

Less track facilities
Higher maximum speeds than
existing lines
More frequent train
operations

Demand

Safety
Immediate Technical Specifications for
response in case Interoperability
of emergency Interoperable with adjacent
[e.g. obstacle) and/or connected lines

Korean Train Control System using LTE-R based ETCS 3

 II. Developmentof KTCS

KTCS - 2 & 3 (Korean Radio-based Train Control System)

ETCS Levels 2
Level 3 Interface
+ standard +
Korean Train Control System using LTE-R based ETCS 4
 II. Development of KTCS – KTCS technology

Train protection system that continually checks train speeds to ensure compatibility with allowed speeds by signaling.
If not, ATP activates service brake to reduce speed or an emergency brake to bring the train to a stop.

DMI

Direction

Balise ATP braking curve

Progress (Maximum)
Deceleration (105 km/h) Start of ATS braking curve
Caution (65 km/h) braking
Boundary (25 km/h)
Stop (0 km/h)
End of movement authority

Korean Train Control System using LTE-R based ETCS 5

 II. Development of KTCS – KTCS technology

④ Interface between
interlocking and CTC Centralized
EI-Interlocking
Traffic Control
③ Interface between RBC and
interlocking (point, etc.) ① Interface between RBC and CTC
(train position, etc.)

② Interface between RBCs (Handover)

RBC 1 zone RBC 2 zone

OBU

Korean Train Control System using LTE-R based ETCS 6

 II. Development of KTCS – KTCS technology
Track Traffic Onboard
control
Local Station
processing RRU
interface
unit unit
A A A
RRU

B B B KVC
LTE-R
Network RRU
antenna A
switch

RRU LTE-R
antenna B
RRU

Local Station
interface processing RRU
unit unit
A A A
RRU
B B B

Korean Train Control System using LTE-R based ETCS 7

 II. Development of KTCS – Subsystem: Trackside
Trackside RBC transmits messages to train
by receiving trackside information from an interlocking.

LCD/KVM CONSOLE
VITAL COMPUTER
• Generate movement authority

• Send messages to moving trains

• Generate speed restriction profile

- MAINTENANCE SERVER 2 OUT OF 3 SYSTEMS USING
REDUNDANT OPERATION
•
- CHECKING CPU MODULE
Self-testing operation
LOG DATABASE
SERVER
SAFETY
TRANSMISSION UNIT
• Stable operation in an emergent situation

• Registration of trains within RBC

coverage
STORING LOG DB FROM ATP
& OTHER EQUIPMENT
- INTERFACING ATP WITH
OTHER EQUIPMENT
• Routes set by interlocking

Korean Train Control System using LTE-R based ETCS 8

 II. Development of KTCS – Subsystem: Onboard
Onboard unit controls a train safely by using automatic train protection and receiving movement
authority and temporary speed restrictions from trackside ATP.

ATP Subrack
DMI

Balise
antenna
JRU
STM
(ATS antenna)
• 2 out of 2 full duplex structure
• Monolithic design for BTM, SDOU, STM
• Collect, store and retrieve vital train-borne
information
STU
Speed Doppler • Encrypt/decrypt transmitted data using
sensor radar safety transmission unit

Korean Train Control System using LTE-R based ETCS 9

 III. Test and Verification of KTCS – Overall system configuration

LTE-R
400 km/h
ONBOARD
UNIT MOVEMENT
BALISE GROUP
AUTHORITY
BTM ANTENNA DETECT TRAIN LOCATION
USING TRACK CIRCUIT
MOVEMENT AUTHORITY TRAINM.A.
POSITION REPORT
REQUEST
ROUTE INFORMATION SESSION STATUS
CONTROL SWITCHS
BY ROUTE SETTING
RBC1 RBC2
TRAIN ROUTE SET
LOCATION ROUTE REQUEST

TRAIN LOCATION
RE-USE OF EXISTING
EQUIPMENTS STATUS
TRACKSIDE FACILITIES

HANDOVER Interlocking Centralized Traffic Control

Korean Train Control System using LTE-R based ETCS 10

 III. Test and Verification of KTCS – Field demonstration test
• Maximum 400 km/h acceleration test on 69-km Honam HSR testbed
• Performance test for level transitions, RBC handover, and movement authority

Honam
HSR

Korean Train Control System using LTE-R based ETCS 11

HIGH-SPEED RAIL : THE RIGHT SPEED FOR OUR PLANET
Under the High Patronage of his Majesty King Mohammed VI

THANK YOU
 HIGH-SPEED RAIL : THE RIGHT SPEED FOR OUR PLANET
Under the High Patronage of his Majesty King Mohammed VI

11TH WORLD CONGRESS OF HIGH-SPEED RAIL

Marrakech, 7-10 MARCH 2023

The RFI Computer-Based Interlocking

Standard Platform
Sergio Repetto
Head Of System Development (Research & Development Dept.),
Rete Ferroviaria Italiana S.P.A.
Session1-3.1 Operational performance / Signalling and control
 THE NEED OF A STANDARD CBI PLATFORM IN THE ITALIAN ERTMS PLAN
Main lines
Classification
Complementary
lines
Main lines 6.486 km
Metropolitan lines
Complementary lines 9.396 km
Metropolitan lines 950 km

Infrastructure
Double track lines 7.732 km
Single track lines 9.100 km

Typology
High Speed lines 1.467 km
Conventional lines 15.365 km

The RFI Computer-Based Interlocking Standard Platform Page 40

 THE NEED OF A STANDARD CBI PLATFORM IN THE ITALIAN ERTMS PLAN
Overcome constraints  The experiences gained on the ERTMS system by the
imposed by national European Community Member States have allowed over
signaling systems
the years the development and issue of increasingly
detailed technical specifications for interoperability
Uniform european  Interoperability grants greater sharing of transport policies
signalling system and mobility management at European level
 Analysis carried out by Member States of the European
Community to implement the ERTMS system for high-
density rail transport at the metropolitan nodes and on the
Interoperability
low-traffic line confirm the maturity and potential of the
System
 RFI has then set up an accelerated ERTMS deployment
ERTMS plan
The RFI Computer-Based Interlocking Standard Platform Page 41
 THE NEED OF A STANDARD CBI PLATFORM IN THE ITALIAN ERTMS PLAN
The RFI accelerated ERTMS deployment plan allows to
cope with:
❖ EU commitment to develop a trans-european interoperable
transport network
❖ Regulation evolution towards greater protection functions that
can be implemented better, quicker and cheaper with ERTMS
❖ International research and development programs involving
ERTMS (e.g. Shift2Rail, NTGC, FP7, etc.)
❖ Cooperation programs with other railways regarding the
implementation of ERTMS (e.g. Memorandum of
Understanding and Cooperation Agreement signed with SBB)
❖ Business opportunities: commercial and savings

Implementation of TEN-T Core is expected by 2030

Extended Core by 2040 and Comprehensive net by 2050
The RFI Computer-Based Interlocking Standard Platform Page 42
 THE NEED OF A STANDARD CBI PLATFORM IN THE ITALIAN ERTMS PLAN

The RFI accelerated ERTMS deployment plan strategy

❖Deploy ERTMS to all the Italian railway infrastructure (approximately 16,800 km) by 2036
❖Simultaneous disposal of the national systems
❖Progressive and coherent equipment of trains with ERTMS on-board system (over 5000 circulating)
❖Provide the necessary resources through different funding sources (CEF, structural funds, national
funds, private funds…)

The plan optimizes the implementation of the ERTMS system on the railway network by
❖Replacing all legacy relay-based signalling systems with Computer Based Interlocking (CBI)
❖Reconfigure existing Computer Based Interlocking systems

The RFI Computer-Based Interlocking Standard Platform Page 43

 THE NEED OF A STANDARD CBI PLATFORM IN THE ITALIAN ERTMS PLAN

❖The RFI accelerated ERTMS deployment plan

foresees to commission about 100 new CBIs per year
from 2025 to 2036
❖At end of 2022 the number of CBIs in operation in the
RFI network is about 400
❖CBIs are supplied by 5 different manufacturers each
one having supplied a number of CBIs from 20 to 150

❖High total cost of ownership of CBI systems for

maintenance and update due to lack of homogeneity
of the technologies
The RFI Computer-Based Interlocking Standard Platform Page 44
 RFI STANDARD CBI PLATFORM – CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
MAIN CHALLENGES
❖Deliver the RFI standard CBI platform for revenue service by 2024
❖Start the roll-out of systems based on the new platform by 2025
❖Build an internal R&D design and development organization to meet the deadlines
OPPORTUNITIES
❖Delivery of a state-of-the-art hardware and software platform, exploiting innovative
principles to implement system safety and security requirements
❖Full intellectual property of the CBI platform
❖Platform designed internally meets end user requirements
❖Easy to use for the application design, installation, upgrade and maintenance
❖RFI – through R&D engineers involved in the CBI development – RFI will have full
governance of interlocking technologies
The RFI Computer-Based Interlocking Standard Platform Page 45
 RFI STANDARD CBI PLATFORM – ORGANIZATION STRATEGY
❖A dedicated team for CBI HW and SW design
created in RFI R&D Department in 2018
❖Standard CBI Platform project start in early 2019
❖Technical lead, system architecture design and
integration in charge of RFI R&D Department
❖Involvement of the prominent Italian Research
Institutions
❖The project leveraged on an already existing
network of the Italian centers of research
excellence in railway technologies and on
Research Framework Agreement with 24
Research Institutes
The RFI Computer-Based Interlocking Standard Platform Page 46
 RFI STANDARD CBI PLATFORM – DESIGN STRATEGY
The CBI platform architecture design has been carried out by a bottom–up approach, leveraging on
the RFI internal competences of engineers involved in CBI installation operation and maintenance
❖CBI architecture breakdown structure definition
❖Development activity breakdown definition
❖Issue of requirement specifications
❖HW/SW development assigned to Research
Institutes on the basis of specific competences
❖Research Institutes are delivering TRL5
demonstrators of CBI HW/SW components
❖Component integration and engineering
performed by RFI R&D

The RFI Computer-Based Interlocking Standard Platform Page 47

 RFI STANDARD CBI PLATFORM – ARCHITECTURE
Dispatcher interfaces ❖Central Interlocking Unit based on state-of-the-art
Maintenance interfaces th
technologies: Xilinx UltraScale+ and Intel 9 -gen core
Redundant LAN ❖Peripheral Posts provide reduced size fully redundant
field device controllers with minimized wiring
Central ❖Use of open networks, using COTS equipment
Interlocking
Mobile interface subsystem ❖Use of standard protocols for subsystem connection
❖Data encryption/decryption via hardware acceleration
Redundant
Vital WAN ❖Fail-safe remote operator interface, connected
through wireless cellular network
❖model-driven approach for safety logic development

Peripheral Post Peripheral Post

and Data Preparation Process

The RFI Computer-Based Interlocking Standard Platform Page 48

 RFI STANDARD CBI PLATFORM – FIGURES AND ACHIEVEMENTS
❖The introduction of the standard platform along with the ERTMS-Level 2 program implementation, will
provide a uniform operation on the overall network, being it high-speed or conventional, simplifying network
management and increasing service level on the overall infrastructure
❖A benefit/cost analysis performed by an international business consulting company stated that the cost
reduction of the interlocking upgrade programme, due to the introduction of the RFI Standard CBI Platform is
estimated to be around 35%, as a lower bound, in a CBI lifecycle of 20 years:
❖ Interlocking Building: 20%
❖ Upgrade / update: 45%
❖ Maintenance: 35%
❖RFI will own the full intellectual property of the Standard Platform
❖Standardization will increase the supplier competition and expand the market as suppliers will be allowed to
build interlocking systems using the RFI project.
The RFI Computer-Based Interlocking Standard Platform Page 49
HIGH-SPEED RAIL : THE RIGHT SPEED FOR OUR PLANET
Under the High Patronage of his Majesty King Mohammed VI

THANK YOU
 HIGH-SPEED RAIL : THE RIGHT SPEED FOR OUR PLANET
Under the High Patronage of his Majesty King Mohammed VI

11TH WORLD CONGRESS OF HIGH-SPEED RAIL

Marrakech, 7-10 MARCH 2023

SIGNALLING FOR HIGH-SPEED TRAIN

How ETCS continues to support High-Speed Network through
Hybrid Level 3 technology

Thomas DENIS
Mainline Wayside Segment Director, Alstom
Session1-3.1 Operational performance/ signaling and control
Driving under ETCS Level 1 • Overlaid on existing signalling,
adding Automatic Train
ETCS Safety first Protection
• Movement authority through
Lineside Encoder Units (LEU)
& Eurobalises
LEVEL 1 • Laterals signals usually
maintained
• Traditional detection devices
Eurobalise
Antenna
Non-switchable
Eurobalise (track circuits or axle
counters)
Switchable
Eurobalise
Track vacation proving device

Lineside signals information transmitted on driver’s panel by means of coders and balises
Train behaviour monitored in real time «not too far nor too fast»

Signalling : How ETCS continues to support High-Speed Network through Hybrid Level 3 technology 52
Driving under ETCS Level 2 Performance increase • Continuous Radio
(capacity and speed) Communications between
trains and RBC is performed
through radio (GSM-R)
GSM-R
• Laterals signals no longer
required
ETCS
• Traditional detection devices
(track circuits or axle
LEVEL 2 Interlocking and counters)
Eurobalise
Radio Block Center • Only fixed balises, for
Antenna
reference purpose
Eurobalise

Track vacation proving device

Lineside signals information transmitted on driver’s panel by centralised radio

Train behaviour monitored in real time «not too far nor too fast»

Signalling : How ETCS continues to support High-Speed Network through Hybrid Level 3 technology 53
Driving under ETCS Level 3
Performance increase
Infrastructure cost reduced
• Train integrity and position
GSM-R provided by the train
• Laterals signals, track circuits
ETCS
and axle counters no longer
required
LEVEL 3 Interlocking and • Only fixed balises, for
Radio Block Center
Eurobalises reference purpose
Antenna
Eurobalises

Lineside signals information transmitted on driver’s panel by centralised radio

Train behaviour monitored in real time «not too far nor too fast»

Signalling : How ETCS continues to support High-Speed Network through Hybrid Level 3 technology 54
Hybrid Level 3 principle

1. Train reports its position and integrity to the RBC

IXL is kept for route locking:
1. RBC established virtual block occupation and forwards train
position as block occupation to the IXL;
2. IXL uses block occupation information from RBC rather than from
IXL to know the track occupation status. IXL locks routes as in
conventional L2;
Hybrid L3:
1. Based on the virtual block occupation, the RBC loops on itself to
autolock the routes
2. Based on the locked route, the RBC sends MA’s to the
corresponding trains, as for conventional L2

Signalling : How ETCS continues to support High-Speed Network through Hybrid Level 3 technology 55
Hybrid ETCS Level 3: The digital train signalling of the future, today

Add Virtual Sub Sections to Trackside Vacancy Detected section

Combines ERTMS Level 2 with flexibility of Level 3

Advantages for low to high density networks

•Increase railway capacity to shorter headways,
•Improve network reliability and availability,
•Reduce investment & maintenance (less equipment, construction and maintenance costs),

Easy migration, with non-homogeneous on-board ETCS fitting (trains with or without Train Integrity - TIMS),

Available today, mature, as per EEIG ERTMS Users Group “Principles - Hybrid ERTMS/ETCS Level 3” Ref. 16E042

The advantages of the ETCS L3 in a realistic migration path

and in forehand of future EU Rail standards

Signalling : How ETCS continues to support High-Speed Network through Hybrid Level 3 technology 56
Signalling : How ETCS continues to support High-Speed Network through Hybrid Level 3 technology 57
 Hybrid ETCS Level 3 in Alstom

TMS
• ATLAS RBC embeds all functions to manage EUG Principles for Hybrid
Interlocking ERTMS/ETCS Level 3 (Ref. 16E042)
P
• Allows customization of Hybrid Level 3 to country’s specific ETCS principles
TVP
and operating specificities
I/O Managers
I/O Managers

RBC LK • RBC’s Hybrid ETCS Level 3 functional package customisation by parameters

and Boolean Logic
• RBC Logical Kernel (LK) cancels complexity of Hybrid Level 3 in the
LX, ..

I/O Managers
I/O Managers PSD

RBC with Logical Kernel

Interlocking design
facilitating ETCS L3h and
other wayside systems
Management (PSD, ..)

Railway line in ETCS

Level 2 or Hybrid L3

Effectiveness and Efficiency in Deploying Hybrid ETCS Level 3

Could be deployed in step-up to ETCS Level 2

Signalling : How ETCS continues to support High-Speed Network through Hybrid Level 3 technology 58
France Paris Lyon HSL / ETCS2 Project : Main characteristics
• Line to be equipped with ETCS L2:
• Zones:
• HSL1 (Paris-Lyon)
• Interconnexion IdF
• Lyon Nord bypass line
• HSL4 (Lyon-Valence - option)
• Length: 483 km
• 50M passengers / year
• 1st European HSL corridor
• Performances :
• 16 trains/hour (+3) at 300 km/h
• 150 simultaneous train movements
• ATC/IXL sub-systems specifics:
• IXL : upgrade RRI ➔ CBI
• ATC : ETCS L2 (prepared for Hybrid L3) on top of existing TVM300
• ATC : Subset BL3.6.0 R2 (GPRS)

Signalling : How ETCS continues to support High-Speed Network through Hybrid Level 3 technology 59
Alstom ERTMS Hybrid Level 3 reference projects

NCRTC - in execution

• Delhi Rapid Transit System – Hybrid Level

3 solution with ATO over ETCS and LTE & WiFi
telecommunication system on 82km
section Delhi – Ghaziabad – Meerut
Regional Rapid Transit System Corridor

Roma High-Density Nodes - in execution Paris-Lyon High-Speed - in execution

• Update of existing national signalling system • Design, equipment supply, installation, testing, and
(with lateral signals) to Hybrid Level 3 maintenance of ETCS Level 2 solution on 480 km of
solution on 56km of line of Rome Node. The high-speed line allowing movement of trains in
new signalling system (based on Alstom Hybrid Level 3. Revenue services will commence in
TMS, RBC and IXL) will be overlayed to the 2024. From 2025, 14 trains will be able to operate
in each direction during peak hours, then, following
existing one for interoperability with the old
additional infrastructure work, 16 trains by 2030
fleet
compared to 13 at present

Signalling : How ETCS continues to support High-Speed Network through Hybrid Level 3 technology 60
 HIGH-SPEED RAIL : THE RIGHT SPEED FOR OUR PLANET
Under the High Patronage of his Majesty King Mohammed VI

THANK YOU

Thomas DENIS
Mainline Wayside Segment Director
[email protected]
www.alstom.com
 HIGH-SPEED RAIL : THE RIGHT SPEED FOR OUR PLANET
Under the High Patronage of his Majesty King Mohammed VI

11TH WORLD CONGRESS OF HIGH-SPEED RAIL

Marrakech, 7-10 MARCH 2023

Huawei FRMCS,
Facilitates Railway Digital Transformation

Jiawei LIANG
Wireless Solution Director, Huawei, China
Session 3.1 Operations Operational performance/Signalling and control
 ICT is Accelerating Railway Digital Transformation
2021 European Railway Year Larger Capacity Efficient O&M Better Experience
• Increase railway capacity, speed-up green and
carbon-neutral target achievement • Support high speed train to • Real-time On-board video • Journey Information
• Double passenger transport by 2030, double freight 500km/h backhaul broadcast in real-time
transport by 2050
• Shorten train headways • On-board data transmission • High speed internet

China Railway Development Outline • Support Multi-locomotives to support predicative connection

freight train, maintenance. • On-line ticket booking,
• Build world-class railway infrastructure and
• Support ATO and ATP • Massive track-side devices shopping
technical equipment
status detection
• Achieve 200k kilo railway line by 2035

ICT Accelerating Railway

Digital Transformation
Construct Wireless Foundation for Smart Railway

• Next Generation EU and China New Infrastructure

Construction both put railway digital investment in high priority,
Perception Connectivity Transmission
ICT can speed up the digital transformation.

• Key ICT techs also in evolution procedure, such as GSM-R All-weather, multi-dimension, Low latency and all-domain All-scenario transmission
migration to FRMCS, fixed-line migration to IP and fiber. and all-domain sensing connectivity capacity

Video + IOT FRMCS Broadband Capability

Huawei FRMCS Facilitates Railway Digital Transformation Page 63

 GSM-R is Facing Obsolescence, Constraining the Innovation of the Digital Railway

GSM-R Limited Complex Declining Costly

Capability Architecture Ecosystem Migration

GSM: 8% by 2025

vs
LTE: 69% by 2025
5G: 14% by 2025

* Source <GSM A>

4G/5G, Long Term Cloud-native, A Mature and Cost-efficient

and Beyond Evolution, Future Decoupled Growing with Reused
Proof Architecture Ecosystem Assets

Huawei FRMCS Facilitates Railway Digital Transformation Page 64

 Huawei Future-proof 4G towards 5G, the Path for Digital Railway Innovation
GSM-R Huawei FRMCS Solution Huawei FRMCS

Reliability Reliability
ETCS 2/3 and Multi-media Train Maintenance
99.99% beyond Dispatch Video
Operating
Radio/Data Radio/Data
99.999%
Complex architecture FRMCS MCX Service Cloud-based / Decoupled
architecture

Efficiency Efficiency
Cloud-based Core
350~400km/h 500km/h
Fixed Block Moving block / Virtual Coupling,
Shorter Train Headway
FRMCS TDD 1900
(* European RMR 1900~1910MHz)
Experience Experience

9.6Kbps > 20Mbps

Diverse Industry Terminals PIS, On-board CCTV,
Low data rate Trackside IOT
Text and small size data only

Huawei FRMCS Facilitates Railway Digital Transformation Page 65

 Railway Wireless Communication Standard leading to FRMCS

1994 GSM-R 1999 GSM-R

ETSI standard Ecosystem Declining
research launch First implement

➢ 2G Technology
No Direct Path to FRMCS
➢ Voice and circuit-based small data
➢ Standard for European (ETSI)
➢ Complex architecture
➢ Expensive dedicate hardware Software
upgrade

2012 FRMCS
research launch 3GPP/ETSI standard FRMCS EU Standard
FUTURE
➢ 4G and Beyond Technology ➢ China, 2015, LTE
RAILWAY ➢ broadband services capacity ➢ Korean, 2017, LTE
➢ EU: Plan to launch 5G from
➢ Facing global industry (UIC/3GPP)➢ India / Australia, 2022, LTE 2025，1.9GHz & R900MHz
MOBILE ➢ Decouple architecture ➢ Mozambique, 2022, LTE
➢ Cloud-based ➢ China: 4G 1.8GHz and 5G
➢ Malaysia, 2022, LTE
➢ General platform 2.1GHz for railway
COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM

Huawei FRMCS Facilitates Railway Digital Transformation Page 66

 FRMCS Standard Progress and Contribution of Huawei

UIC UIC ETSI UIC Standard Contributions at-a-Glance

3GPPSAs 2989 Approved contributions
URS Use Cases TRs to MCX specifications since 2015 (SA6)
Docs
2000
1452
3GPP Rel-15 3GPP Rel-16 3GPP Rel-17 3GPP Rel-18
Voice P2P 1021
912
Voice P2M 1000
708
Data P2P 541 504
Data P2M 382 417329
307
214140 216 15293
Video P2P 109
12 9
Video P2M 0
ETCS Com Huawei Submission Approved
ATO
Virtual Coupling
Multi-talker Control
Supplementary Services 133 Contributions on 5G MCX
Functional Alias 91
100
Dynamic Aff/Deaff
80
62
Positioning
60 48
Bear Flex 43
Equipment Sharing 40
Roaming 1211
20 8 4 6 5 3
1 4 3 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
Interworking GSM-R
0
Proximity Com(Off-network)
Service & Transport System evolution
Huawei submission approved
* Source <UIC>

Maximize MCX Functions in 3GPP Release 16&17 Huawei is the leading contributor

Huawei FRMCS Facilitates Railway Digital Transformation Page 67

 Huawei FRMCS, a Solution for Now and Future
Interworking Gateway 8T8R Powerful RRU
3GPP 31dBm Cab Radio
GSM-R MCX Frequency
MSC +
FRMCS Core
6
Capability
5G-Oriented Dual-mode UE
BTS
FRMCS Base Station

AFC Algorithm

BTS FRMCS Base Station GSM-R

GSM-R/FRMCS

2
Solutions
Overlapping FRMCS

GSM-R FRMCS
Terminal Terminals

Dual-Mode on-board Devices GSM-R/FRMCS GSM-R FRMCS

Interworking

Huawei FRMCS Facilitates Railway Digital Transformation Page 68

 Huawei FRMCS, Realizing Digital High Speed Railway to Improve Safety and Efficiency
Operation Shunting / Depot
Braking Curve

Fix Block

Braking Curve Maintenance Driver Cab Video

Moving Block
Combine with real-time positioning to enable virtual coupling

Reliable connections for Critical Data All – in – One Voice / Video Dispatching
• Moving block reducing railway occupation size • Visualized operation
• Virtual coupling increasing operation efficiency • Real-time steering and control of trains
• Automated shunting, marshalling and train operation • Smart infrastructure
• Precise and real-time positioning • Efficient maintenance with precise digital map

Huawei FRMCS Facilitates Railway Digital Transformation Page 69

 Huawei FRMCS, Forging an Future Intelligence Railways with Industry Partners
Smart Intrusion Precise Status
Management Perception Positioning Detection
A Fully Connected Rail --- the Guardian
for High Speed Rail Operation
➢ Management ➢ Human ➢ GNSS + ➢ Weather
Visualization intrusion Cellular ➢ Temperature
➢ Real-time ➢ Rock intrusion positioning ➢ Balance weight
response ➢ Animal intrusion ➢ Digital Map ➢ Landslide
Cable Tensor Force Catenary Temperature Trackside
➢ Prediction Detection Monitoring Equipment Status
maintenance

Intelligent Center OCC Dispatching

GNSS
Radar, Landslide Falls / Flooding Level Crossing
Weather,
Camera,
Temperature ... Warming Monitoring Perception
Lidar

Base
Station

Trackside Sensors

Huawei FRMCS Facilitates Railway Digital Transformation

 Huawei FRMCS Migration Strategy
Step 1： GSM-R to FRMCS LTE Step 2：FRMCS LTE to 5G

GSM-R LTE LTE 5G

Replace M CX M CX Software update M CX
MSC
or Overlay only
Single Packet Core Single Packet Core Single Packet Core
4G 4G 5G
BSC

GSM-R GSM-R LTE LTE LTE LTE NR NR

Narrow Band to Broadband Economical

1.9GHz LTE ecosystem is mature Hardware would be Re-used

• GSM ecosystem declining • Future proof architecture
• Architecture is out of date • Software update only
• Capacity constraining evolution • 5G-ready hardware
• 1.9GHz LTE is mature, short TTM • Cloud-based Core

Huawei FRMCS Facilitates Railway Digital Transformation Page 71

HIGH-SPEED RAIL : THE RIGHT SPEED FOR OUR PLANET
Under the High Patronage of his Majesty King Mohammed VI

THANK YOU