PRINTER AND ITS TYPES

Impact Printer
 A dot-matrix printer contains a print head of small
pins that strike an inked ribbon, forming characters
or images.

 Print heads are available with 9, 18, or 24 pins; the

24-pin head offers the best print quality.

 Dot-matrix printers permit a choice between output

of draft quality.

 a coarser-looking 72 dots per inch vertically, which

may be acceptable for drafts of papers and reports,
and near-letter-quality,.

 a crisper-looking 144 dots per inch vertically, which

is more suitable for a finished product to be shown
to other people.
 Non impact Printers
 Non impact printers, used almost everywhere now, are
faster and quieter than impact printers because they
have fewer moving parts.
 Non impact printers form characters and images
without direct physical contact between the printing
mechanism and the paper.
 Two types of non impact printers often used with
microcomputers are laser printers and ink-jet printers.

Hard Copy
 A hard copy is a permanent reproduction, or copy, in
the form of a physical object, of any media suitable for
direct use by a person (in particular paper), of
displayed or transmitted data.
Soft copy
 A soft copy is the unprinted digital document file. It
can usually be viewed through word processing
programs, database programs, or presentation
software, depending on the file type.
 Line Printer
 A high-speed printer capable of printing an entire line at one time.

 A fast line printer can print as many as 3,000 lines per minute.

 The disadvantages of line printers are that they cannot print graphics,
the print quality is low, and they are very noisy.

 The Line Printers are of two Types.

Chain Printer :-
 These are also Line Printers, which Prints one Line at a Time.

All the Characters are printed on the Chain and the Set of Characters
are placed on the Chain. There are 48 and 64 and 96 Characters set
Printers are Available.
Drum Printers:
Drum Printer consists of a Drum Which
Consists of a Number of Characters.

Those are Printed on the Drum. And the

Number of Characters or Number of Tracks
are Divided, after examining the width of the
Paper. But there are also Some Character
sets Available Means the Number of
Characters those are printed on the Paper.
In this Paper is placed between the Ribbon
and the Head or Hammer there are many
hammers on the Front of Drum.

In this Drum Rotates at a Very High Speed

and character is printed by activating the
Appropriate Hammer.

So always remember that All the Characters

are never printed at a Time but they are
printed at a very high Speed.

Drum Printers are also noisy because they use

Hammering Techniques.
 Thermal printer
 Thermal printer (or direct thermal printer) is a digital printing
process which produces a printed image by selectively heating
coated thermochromic paper, or thermal paper as it is
commonly known, when the paper passes over the thermal print
head.

 The coating turns black in the areas where it is heated,

producing an image.

 Two-color direct thermal printers can print both black and an

additional color (often red) by applying heat at two different
temperatures.

 Thermal transfer printing is a related method that uses a

heat-sensitive ribbon instead of heat-sensitive paper. Thermal
printing is notable for being the only form of (non-embossing)
printing which involves no ink
 Ink Jet
 A nonimpact technology, inkjet printers use a print head
that sprays tiny, precisely-controlled droplets of ink
directly onto paper.

 Like a dot-matrix printer, it forms characters from

dots, though the ink jet’s dots are smaller. The ink jet’s
mechanism is similar to the dot matrix’s, simply moving
the print head back and forth across the paper under
the control of a microprocessor.

 The spraying action is nearly inaudible; the printer’s

paper-feed mechanism is louder than the printing itself.

 Many print with a four-color cartridge -- three primary

colors plus black -- and can produce graphics with any
combinations of colors.

 Inkjet printers broke with tradition, using the

traditional 8-1/2 x 11 cut-sheet paper typewriters use,
instead of continuous-feed paper
 Laser Printer
 Laser printing is a non impact technology that borrows
heavily from office copier designs.

 It has a metal drum that acquires a static electric

charge wherever light shines on it.

 A laser scans across the drum, forming letters from

tiny dots as an inkjet does.

 A mechanism coats finely-powdered toner on the drum,

which the static charge holds, and transfers it to a
paper sheet through heating.

 Since it prints a whole page at a time, a laser printer is

faster than most inkjet printers.

 Like inkjet printers, laser printers can produce finely-

detailed graphics. Basic models use black toner only;
more advanced ones have colored toner. Laser printers
also print on individual sheets of paper.
 Daisy Wheel Printer

(1285) Daisy Wheel Printer Simple but Knowledge full Animation Video
(Output Devices) – YouTube

(1285) TYPES OF PRINTER || IMPACT PRINTER AND NON IMPACT

PRINTER || FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER - YouTube
Speech Recognition
EXTERNAL STORAGE DEVICES
MAGNETIC TAPE
 Magnetic tape is an external storage device that can be
used for making copies of audio, video, and data.

 The tape is employed with the use of a machine

referred to as a tape drive. Tape drives run the
magnetic tape during the recording process and also
stores the tape onto a reel for easy retrieval.

 The tape is a simple strip of plastic that is very narrow

in appearance.

 A thin oxide coating on the plastic makes it possible for

the tape to retain electronically encrypted data that
can range from voice to audio to data information.

 A magnetic tape can typically have 7 or 9 tracks.

 The length of tape between the BOT( Beginning of
Tape) and EOT (End of Tape) is referred to as the
usable recording (reading/writing ) surface.

 Tape is characterized by sequential access to data.

FLOPPY DISKS
 A floppy disk is a secondary storage device. It is a
circular piece of plastic material coated with particles,
which are magnetized.

 This thin plastic sheet is protected from outside by a

plastic cover to prevent the sensitive data stored on
them. The commonly used floppy disks are of 3.5”
diameter.

 Floppies are used to store data and transfer them from

one computer to another. Due to their size and portability
they are the most popular storage mediums in offices and
at homes.

 The data inside the floppies are stored in tracks and

sectors.

 The entire floppy is divided into circular segments called

tracks.

 Each track is given a unique number. The outermost track

 Sectors
 The number of segments in each track has the same
capacity. In a typical 3.5” floppy disk the number of
tracks and sectors and their storage capacity is denoted
below:

 1.44 MB = 1474.56 bytes = 512 bytes X 2 sides

 Thus these floppy disks are called high-density disks as

they can hold 1.44 MB data.

 The outer plastic cover has read / write hole covered by a

metal sheet.

 This metal cover automatically opens when the floppy is

inserted inside the floppy disk drive.

 If we wish to protect our floppy and don’t want anyone to

write his or her data then this read/write notch on one
edge of the floppy disk should be closed.

After this the floppy becomes write protected. The

 Magnetized items should be kept away from them.

 Never bend or fold them.

 The touching of its surface must be avoided.

 The floppies should not be heaped/stacked one over

the other.

 Heavy objects should not be kept on the floppies.

 Floppies should be kept away from heat & moisture.

 Floppies must be kept in cases to prevent them from

dust.

 Very often formatting of floppies should be avoided.

 HARD DISKS
 A hard disk is fixed inside the cabinet of CPU (Central Processing
Unit).

 It is made up of many rigid metal platters coated to store data

magnetically. The hard disk rotates while recording data.

 This rotation speed is measured in the unit of revolutions per

minute (rpm). The normal speed of hard disks is 3600 / 7200
revolutions per minute.

 The read/write head of the hard disks moves across its surface.
The storage capacity of the hard disks is many times more than
the floppy disks.

 The normal storage capacity of hard disks installed inside the

machines now a day is 320/500/1024 Gigabytes.

 Due to large storage capacity it is preferred to store all important

data into the hard disks of the computers.

 The data stored in the hard disks are retrieved faster as

compared to the floppy disks as they are installed inside the
computers.
 Performance is specified by the time to move the
heads to a file (Average Access Time) plus the time
it takes for the file to move under its head (average
latency, a function of the physical rotational speed
in revolutions per minute)

 and the speed at which the file is transmitted (data

rate).

 The two most common form factors for modern

HDDs are 3.5-inch in desktop computers and 2.5-
inch in laptops.

 HDDs are connected to systems by standard

interface cables such as SATA (Serial ATA), USB or
SAS (Serial attached SCSI) cables.

 Parallel ATA (Parallel Advanced Technology

Attachment or PATA) is a standard for connecting
hard drives into computer systems.
 There are two types of hard drive
connections that a computer could
have: Parallel ATA (PATA) and Serial
ATA (SATA). SATA is most commonly
used in nearly all computers today,
due to below mentioned advantages.

There are two types of hard drive connections that a

computer could have: Parallel ATA (PATA) and Serial
ATA (SATA). SATA is most commonly used in nearly
all computers today, due to below mentioned
advantages.
 Advantages
Increased data transfer rate
 The primary reason SATA is used over PATA is because of
the increased data transfer speeds with that SATA.

 PATA is capable of data transfers speeds of 66/100/133

MBs/second, whereas SATA is capable of 150/300/600
MBs/second.

 The speed differences are due to the various flavors of

PATA and SATA, with the fastest speeds being the latest
version of each currently available.

 You'll notice that SATA's slowest speed is still faster than

PATA's fastest speed. The improved speed of SATA allows
for programs to load faster, as well as pictures and larger
documents.

 For video game enthusiasts, faster data transfer speeds

can mean better gaming experiences (i.e. smoother game-
play).
 Easy cable management and cable
length
 Easy cable management and cable length Another
advantage of SATA over PATA is the length of the cable
connecting the hard drive to the computer motherboard.

 The max length of a PATA cable is 18-inches,

 whereas a SATA cable can be up to 3.3 feet (1 meter) in

length.

 This allows for more flexibility on where a hard drive

can be mounted in a computer case.
Increased airflow

 PATA cables are also smaller in size than a SATA

cable, allowing for increased airflow inside the
computer case and decreased heat buildup.

 This can help improve the overall life of a

computer.

Support for more drives

 There are typically four to six SATA connections

on a computer motherboard, allowing for
multiple SATA hard drives to be hooked up.

 There are usually only two PATA connections on

a computer motherboard that supports a total of
four PATA hard drives.
Disadvantages
Drivers and support

There are only a few small disadvantages of SATA

over PATA. One disadvantage is that SATA hard
drives will sometimes require a specific driver to
be loaded to a computer when installing an
operating system, in order for the computer to
utilize the SATA hard drive.

One drive per cable

Another disadvantage with SATA is that the cable
allows for only one SATA hard drive to be
connected at a time. Whereas a PATA cable allows
for hooking up two PATA hard drives per cable.
Solid-state drive (SSD)
 Solid-state drive (SSD)
 SSD is a data storage device using integrated circuit
assemblies as memory to store data persistently.

 SSD technology uses electronic interfaces

compatible with traditional block input/output (I/O)
hard disk drives.

 SSDs have no moving mechanical components,

which distinguish them from traditional
electromechanical magnetic disks such as hard disk
drives (HDDs) or floppy disks, which contain
spinning disks and movable read/write heads.

 Compared with electromechanical disks, SSDs are

typically less susceptible to physical shock, much
quieter, have lower access time, and less latency.

 However, while the price of SSDs has continued to

decline in 2012, SSDs are still about 10 times more
expensive per unit of storage than HDDs.
 CD (COMPACT DISK)
 Compact Disks most popularly known as CDs are the
most attractive storage device these days.

 They are Read only memory device as without the CD

writers we cannot store our files and folders on them.

 The diameter of the CD ranges from 10 cms to 30 cms.

A typical CD is of 13 cm diameter. One CD can store 600
MB to 750 MB data on it.

 The read/write speed of a CD-ROM is average access

tune is 125 milliseconds.

 CD comprises of a transparent thin layer of aluminum

covering the pitted surface for reflectivity.

 The CD Rom drive are mostly used to keep back ups &
access the data for reading.

 There are three types of CDs such as CD-R,CD-RW . CD-

R stands for CD Recordable.
Digital Versatile device.

It is an optical disc technology with a 4.7

gigabyte storage capacity on a single-sided,
one layered disk, which is enough for a
133-minute movie.

DVDs can be single- or double-sided, and

can have two layers on each side; a double-
sided, two-layered DVD will hold up to 17
gigabytes of video, audio, or other
information.

This compares to 650 megabytes (.65

gigabyte) of storage for a CD-ROM disk.
 Formats:
DVD-Video is the format designed for full-
length movies that work with your
television set.

DVD-ROM is the type of drive and disc for

use on computers. The DVD drive will
usually also play regular CD-ROM discs
and DVD-Video disks.

DVD-RAM is the writeable version.

DVD-Audio is a CD-replacement format.

There are a number of recordable DVD

formats, including DVD-R for General,
DVD-R for Authoring, DVD-RAM, DVD-RW,
DVD+RW, and DVD+R.
There are basically 4 different DVD Sizes.

 DVD-5, holds around 4 700 000 000 bytes and

that is 4.37 GB where 1 kB is 1024 bytes* .
DVD+R/DVD+RW and DVD-R/DVD-RW
supports this format. Also called Single Sided
Single Layered. This is the most common DVD
Media, often called 4.7 GB Media.

 DVD-9, holds around 8 540 000 000 bytes and

that is 7.95 GB. DVD+R supports this format.
Also called Single Sided Dual Layered. This
media is called DVD-R9, DVD-R DL, DVD+R9,
DVD+R DL or 8.5 GB Media.

 DVD-10, holds around 9 400 000 000 bytes and

that is 8.75 GB. DVD+R/DVD+RW and
DVDR/DVD-RW supports this format. Also
called Double Sided Single Layered

 DVD-18, holds around 17 080 000 000 bytes

and that is 15.9 GB. DVD+R supports this
format. Also called Double Sided Dual Layered.
BLU-RAY
 Blu-ray also known as Blu-ray Disc (BD), is the
name of a new optical disc format jointly
developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA),
a group of the world's leading consumer
electronics, personal computer and media
manufacturers (including Apple, Dell, Hitachi,
HP, JVC, LG).

 The format was developed to enable recording,

rewriting and playback of high-definition video
(HD), as well as storing large amounts of data.

 The format offers more than five times the

storage capacity of traditional DVDs and can hold
up to 25GB on a single-layer disc and 50GB on a
dual-layer disc.

 The plastic disc is 120 mm in diameter and 1.2

mm thick, the same size as DVDs and CDs.
 Conventional (pre-BD-XL) Blu-ray Discs contain
25 GB per layer, with dual layer discs (50 GB)
being the industry standard for feature-length
video discs.

 Triple layer discs (100 GB) and quadruple layers

(150 GB) are available for BD XL re-writer
drives. The name Blu-ray Disc refers to the blue
laser used to read the disc, which allows
information to be stored at a greater density
than is possible with the longer-wavelength red
laser used for DVDs.

 The major application of Blu-ray Discs is as a

medium for video material such as feature films.
Blu-ray Disc uses a 405 nm "blue“ laser diode.
 Pen drive
 A pen drive is a portable Universal Serial Bus
(USB) flash memory device for storing and
transferring audio, video, and data files from a
computer.

 As long as the desktop or laptop has a USB port,

and the pen drive is compatible with the
operating system, it should be easy to move the
data from the hard drive to the device — and to
another computer — in a matter of minutes.

 The drive gets its name from the fact that many
have a retractable port connector like a ballpoint
pen, and they are small enough to fit into a
pocket. Other names include flash drive, jump
drive, and thumb drive.
 Flash memory cards
 A memory card or flash memory card is a solid-
state electronic flash memory data storage
device used with digital cameras, handheld and
Mobile computers, telephones, music players,
video game consoles, and other electronics.

 Nowadays, most new PCs have built-in slots for a

variety of memory cards; Memory Stick,
Compact Flash, SD, etc. Some digital gadgets
support more than one memory card to ensure
compatibility.