2.

Motion in a Straight Line |1

2 Motion In a Straight Line

C ONCEPT B UILDERS CH 2
1. An object is said to be point object, if its size is very small as compared to its velocity. [T/F]
2. Which term is used to specify the reference to describe the position of an object in kinematics?
3. The displacement of an object can be either equal or ........ (greater/less) than the distance travelled by the object.
4. A particle in one-dimensional motion have zero speed and non-zero velocity. [T/F]
5. The average speed of a body is equal to its instantaneous speed, if the body moves with a constant speed. [T/F]
6. The zero velocity of particle at any instant implies zero acceleration at that instant. [T/F]
7. Speedometer measures the ……... of a vehicle. (instantaneous speed/average speed)
8. When a body moves with constant velocity, its average velocity over any time interval is same as is instantaneous
velocity. [T/F]
9. A body is always at rest in a frame that is fixed to the body itself. [T/F]
10. The displacement of a body is zero, then the distance covered by it is necessarily zero. [T/F]
11. For which situation, the average velocity over an interval of time becomes equal to instantaneous velocity?
12. The limit of the average acceleration as the time interval Δ𝑡 goes to zero is called ………………… (instantaneous
speed/instantaneous acceleration).
13. The direction in which an object moves, can be determined by the direction of acceleration. [T/F]
14. In which type of motion, a body is said to be accelerate without speeding up or slowing down.
15. What is the direction of acceleration with respect to velocity when velocity decreases.
16. Two different masses having same shape are thrown vertically upward with same initial speed. Will both masses
rise to same heights.
17. If an object thrown upward, then acceleration due to gravity is in …………… direction of the motion of the object till
its highest point. (same/opposite)
1
18. The maximum height obtained by a particle which is thrown upward, is ......... [𝑔𝑡 2 / 𝑔𝑡 2 ]
2
𝑣 𝑣2
19. When brakes are applied on a moving body, the distance travelled by it before stopping is ...... [2𝑎0 / 2𝑎0 ]
20. Distance travelled by freely falling body in 4th second is ......... m.

T O PICA L Q UEST IO NS CH 2
Position, Distance and Displacement
1. For a car moving on the road, it will be considered to be at rest with respect to the Old NCERT Pg. 40
(a) frame of reference attached to the ground
(b) frame of reference attached to a person sitting inside the car
(c) frame of reference attached to a person outside the car
(d) None of the above
2. The coordinates of object with respect to a frame of reference at 𝑡 = 0 s are (−1,0,3). If at 𝑡 = 5 s, its coordinates
are (−1,0,4), then the object is in Old NCERT Pg. 40
(a) motion along 𝑍-axis (b) motion along 𝑋-axis
(c) motion along 𝑌-axis (d) rest position between 𝑡 = 0 s and 𝑡 = 5 s

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 2. Motion in a Straight Line |2

3. Snehit starts from his home and walks 50 m towards north, then he turns towards east and walks 40 m and then
reaches his school after moving 20 m towards south.
Then his displacement from his home to school is Old NCERT Pg. 40
(a) 50 m (b) 110 m (c) 80 m (d) 40 m
4. A particle covers half of the circular path of radius R. The displacement and the path length of the particle are
𝜋𝑅
(a) 2𝑅, 𝜋𝑅 (b) 2𝜋𝑅, 0 (c) 2 , 2𝑅 (d) 𝜋𝑅, 𝑅 NCERT Pg. 40
5. A particle is moving without changing its direction along 𝑋-axis, then Old NCERT Pg. 40
(a) the displacement is greater than the path length
(b) the path length is greater than the displacement
(c) the displacement is equal to the path length
(d) the displacement is along 𝑋-axis and path length is along 𝑌-axis
6. A man is walking along the boundary of a square park of side 𝑎 metre. The ratio of distance to displacement covered
by the man after completing one half revolution along its boundaries is Old NCERT Pg. 40
(a) √3: 2 (b) 1: 2√3 (c) 1: 3√2 (d) 3√2: 1

Average Velocity and Average Speed

7. A person travels along a straight road for the first half-time with speed 4 m/s and the next half-time with speed
8 m/s. The average velocity of the man is Old NCERT Pg. 42
(a) 4 m/s (b) 6 m/s (c) 8 m/s (d) 12 m/s
8. A particle moving with uniform acceleration has average velocities 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧 over the successive intervals of time
𝑥−𝑦
𝑝, 𝑞 and 𝑟 respectively, then the value of is Old NCERT Pg. 42
𝑦−𝑧
𝑝−𝑞 𝑝−𝑞 𝑝+𝑞 𝑝+𝑞
(a) (b) (c) (d)
𝑞−𝑟 𝑝+𝑟 𝑞−𝑟 𝑞+𝑟
9. A cyclist moving on a circular track of radius 40 m completes half a revolution in 40 s.
Its average velocity is Old NCERT Pg. 42
(a) zero (b) 2 ms −1 (c) 4𝜋ms −1 (d) 8𝜋ms−1
10.A runner starts from 𝑂 and comes back to 𝑂 following path 𝑂𝑄𝑅𝑂 in 1 h. What is net displacement and average
speed? Old NCERT Pg. 42

(a) 0,3.57 km/h (b) 0,0 km/h (c) 0,2.57 km/h (d) 0,1 km/h
11. A car is moving on a straight road from 𝐴 to 𝐵 for first one-fourth distance with speed 40 m/s and the next half with
speed 80 m/s and the last one-fourth with speed 120 m/s. Then, the average speed of the car will be Old NCERT Pg. 42
(a) 49.26 m/s (b) 90.46` m/s (c) 68.57 m/s (d) 54.26 m/s
12. Study the following statements.
i. The unit of average speed is same as that of velocity. Old NCERT Pg. 42
ii. If one or more coordinates of an object changes with time, we say that the object is at rest with respect to the
given reference frame.
Which of the following option is correct?
(a) Only I (b) Only II (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II

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Instantaneous Velocity and Speed

13. If the velocity of a particle is 𝑣 = 2𝑡 + 3𝑡 2 , then the distance travelled by it between 1 s and 2 s is NCERT Pg. 14
(a) 5 m (b) 10 m (c) 12 m (d) 15 m
14. 14 Velocity is given by 𝑣 = 4𝑡(1 − 2𝑡), then find time at which velocity is maximum. NCERT Pg. 14
(a) 0.25 s (b) 1 s (c) 0.45 s (d) 4 s
15. The displacement 𝑥 of a particle varies with time 𝑡, 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑒 −𝑝𝑡 + 𝑏𝑒 𝑞𝑡 , where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑝 and 𝑞 are positive constants.
The velocity of the particle will NCERT Pg. 14
(a) go on increasing with time (b) be independent of 𝑝 and 𝑞
(c) drop to zero when 𝑝 = 𝑞 (d) go on decreasing with time
16. The motion of an object is described by 𝑠 = 𝑠0 (1 − 𝑒 −𝑝𝑡 ); 𝑡 ≥ 0, 𝑠0 > 0, 𝑝 > 0. With what velocity does the object
start? NCERT Pg. 14
𝑠0
(a) √𝑝𝑠0 (b) (c) 2𝑠0 𝑝 (d) 𝑠0 𝑝
𝑝
𝑑𝑣
17. The motion of an object is given by the equation 𝑑𝑡 = 4 − 2𝑣, where 𝑣 is the speed in ms−1 and 𝑡 is time in 𝑠. The
object is at rest at 𝑡 = 0. The speed varies with time as NCERT Pg. 14
(a) 2(1 − 𝑒 −2𝑡 ) (b) 2(1 + 𝑒 −2𝑡 ) (c) 1 − 𝑒 −2𝑡 (d) 1 + 𝑒 −2𝑡
18. The distance 𝑥 of a particle moving in one-dimension, is related to time 𝑡 by the equation 𝑡 = √𝑥 + 4, where 𝑥 is in
metres and 𝑡 in second. The displacement of the particle when its velocity is zero, will be NCERT Pg. 14
(a) 16 m (b) 32 m (c) 0 (d) 8 m
19. The 𝑥-t graph for motion of a car is given below. NCERT Pg. 14

With reference to the graph, which of the given option(s) is/are incorrect?
a) The instantaneous speed during the interval 𝑡 = 5 s to 𝑡 = 10 s is negative at all time instants during the
interval.
b) The velocity and the average velocity for the interval 𝑡 = 0 s to 𝑡 = 5 s are equal and positive.
c) The car changes its direction of motion at 𝑡 = 5 s.
d) The instantaneous speed and the instantaneous velocity are positive at all time instants during the interval 𝑡 =
0 s to 𝑡 = 5 s.
Acceleration
20. A body starts from rest with acceleration 2 m/s2 till it attains the maximum velocity, then retards to rest with
3 m/s2. If total time taken is 10 s, then the maximum attained speed is NCERT Pg. 15
(a) 8 m/s (b) 12 m/s (c) 10 m/s (d) 4 m/s
21. 21 A car starts from rest, attains a velocity of 18kmh−1 with an acceleration of 0.5 ms−2, travels 4 km with this
uniform velocity and then comes to halt with a uniform deceleration of 0.2 ms−2.
The total time of travel of the car is NCERT Pg. 15
(a) 853 s (b) 800 s (c) 855 s (d) 835 s
22. Speeds of a particle at 3rd and 8 th seconds are 20 m/s and 0 m/s respectively, then average acceleration between
3 rd and 8 th seconds will be NCERT Pg. 15
(a) 3 m/s2 (b) 4 m/s2 (c) 5 m/s2 (d) 6 m/s2

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23. The velocity of a particle is given by the expression 𝑣(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 NCERT Pg. 15
where, 𝑥 is distance covered by the particle. The expression for acceleration is
(a) (3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥)(6𝑥 − 4) (b) 6(3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥) (c) (6𝑥 − 4)2 (d) (3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥)6𝑥
24. A vehicle starts from rest and moves with uniform acceleration 𝛼 on a straight road from time 𝑡 = 0 to 𝑥. After that
it moves with constant deceleration and stops. The average speed of the car during this process is NCERT Pg. 16
𝛼𝑥 3𝑎𝑥 𝛼𝑥
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) 𝑎𝑥
25. An object is moving along the path 𝑂𝐴𝐵𝑂 with constant speed, then NCERT Pg. 16

(a) the acceleration of the object while moving along to path 𝑂𝐴𝐵𝑂 is zero
(b) the acceleration of the object along the path 𝑂𝐴 and 𝐵𝑂 is zero
(c) there must be some acceleration along the path 𝐴𝐵
(d) Both (b) and (c)
26. The motion of a particle along a straight line is described by equation 𝑥 = 8 + 12𝑡 − 𝑡 3 , where 𝑥 is in metre and 𝑡 in
second. The retardation of the particle when its velocity becomes zero, is NCERT Pg. 16
(a) 24 ms−2 (b) zero (c) 6 ms−2 (d) 12 ms−2
27. A particle of unit mass undergoes one-dimensional motion such that its velocity varies according to 𝑣(𝑥) = 3𝑥 −2𝑛 ,
where 𝑥 is the position of the particle. The acceleration of the particle as a function of 𝑥 is given by NCERT Pg. 16
(a) 15𝑛𝑥 −2𝑛−1 (b) −18𝑛𝑥 −4𝑛−1 (c) −15𝑛𝑥 −2𝑛+1 (d) −18𝑛𝑒 −4𝑛+1
28. The relation between time and distance is 𝑡 = 𝛼𝑥 2 + 𝛽𝑥, where 𝛼 and 𝛽 are constants. The retardation is
(a) 2𝛼𝑣 3 (b) 2𝛽𝑣 3 (c) 2𝛼𝛽𝑣 3 (d) 2𝛽 2 𝑣 3 NCERT Pg. 16
29. The motion of a body is given by equation 𝑎 = 5 − 2𝑣, where 𝑎 and 𝑣 are the acceleration and velocity. The body is
at rest at 𝑡 = 0, then the speed in terms of time is given by NCERT Pg. 16
2 −2𝑡 2 −2𝑡 1 −2𝑡 5 −2𝑡
(a) 𝑣 = (1 − 𝑒 ) (b) 𝑣 = (1 + 𝑒 ) (c) 𝑣 = (5 − 𝑒 ) (d) 𝑣 = (1 − 𝑒 )
5 5 2 2
2 2
30. A particle moves in a straight-line having displacement as 𝑥 = 3𝑡 + 4, then its acceleration is proportional to
1 1 1 𝑡 1 𝑡2
(a) 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 (b) 𝑥 3 (c) − 𝑥 2 (d) 𝑥 − 𝑥 3 NCERT Pg. 16
31. The displacement of a moving object in a straight line at any instant of time 𝑡 is given by 𝑥 = 10𝑡 + 15𝑡 3 , where 𝑥 is
in metre and 𝑡 in second. The difference of average acceleration in the interval 𝑡 = 0 to 𝑡 = 2 s and instantaneous
acceleration at 𝑡 = 2𝑠 is NCERT Pg. 16
2 2 2 2
(a) 90 m/s (b) 180 m/s (c) 135 m/s (d) 9.8 m/s
32. The position of a particle as a function of time 𝑡, is given by 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑝𝑡 + 𝑞𝑡 2 − 𝑟𝑡 3 , where 𝑝, 𝑞 and 𝑟 are constants.
When the particle attains zero acceleration, then its velocity will be NCERT Pg. 16
𝑞2 𝑟2 𝑞2 𝑟2
(a) 𝑟 + 2𝑝 (b) 𝑝 + 4𝑞 (c) 𝑝 + 3𝑟 (d) 𝑞 + 𝑝
33. For motion of the car between 𝑡 = 18 s and 𝑡 = 20 s, which of the given statement is correct? NCERT Pg. 16

(a) The car is moving in a positive direction with a positive acceleration.

(b) The car is moving in a negative direction with a positive acceleration.
(c) The car is moving in positive direction with a negative acceleration.
(d) The car is moving in negative direction with a negative acceleration.

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Kinematic Equations for Uniformly Accelerated Motion

34. A car is moving with a velocity of 30 ms−1 . On applying the brakes, the velocity decreases to 15 ms−1 in 2 s. The
acceleration of the car is NCERT Pg. 17
(a) +7.5 ms−2 (b) −7.7 ms −2 (c) −7.5 ms−2 (d) +15 ms −2
35. Given below is a velocity-time graph. With reference to the graph, which of the following statement is correct?

1
(a) The area under the given curve is 2 (𝑣 + 𝑣0 )𝑡 − 𝑣0 𝑡 NCERT Pg. 17
1
(b) The area under the given curve is (𝑣 + 𝑣0 )𝑡 + 𝑣0 𝑡.
2
1
(c) The displacement of the object in terms of 𝑣0 and 𝑎 is 𝑥 = 𝑣0 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
1 𝑣−𝑣
(d) The relation 𝑥 = 𝑣0 𝑡 + 2 𝑎𝑡 2 is same as 𝑥 = ( 2 0 ) 𝑡
36. An object starts from rest and moves with uniform acceleration 𝑎. The final velocity of the particle in terms of the
distance 𝑥 covered by it is given as NCERT Pg. 18
𝑎𝑥
(a) √2𝑎𝑥 (b) 2𝑎𝑥 (c) √ (d) √𝑎𝑥
2
37. A particle is situated at 𝑥 = 3 m at 𝑡 = 0. It starts moving from rest with a constant acceleration of 4 ms −2 . The
position of the particle at 𝑡 = 3 s is NCERT Pg. 18
(a) 𝑥 = +21 m (b) 𝑥 = +18 m (c) 𝑥 = −21 m (d) None of these
38. A body sliding on a smooth inclined plane requires 6 s to reach the bottom, starting from rest at the top. How much
time does it take to cover one-ninth (1/9) the distance starting from rest at the top? NCERT Pg. 18
(a) (1/54)s (b) 2 s (c) (9/6)s (d) 4 s
39. The velocity of a particle at an instant is 15 ms −1 . After 5 s, its velocity will become 25 ms−1 . The velocity at 4 s,
before the given instant will be NCERT Pg. 18
(a) 23 ms−1 (b) 7 ms −1 (c) 25 ms−1 (d) 15 ms−1
40. A body covers a distance of 6 m in 3rd second and 12 m in 6 th second, if the motion is uniformly accelerated. How
far will it travel in the next 3 s ? NCERT Pg. 18
(a) 46 cm (b) 48 cm (c) 84 cm (d) 132 cm
41. A car is moving with a velocity of 10m/s is stopped by the application of certain force at a distance of 20 m. If the
velocity of the car is 30m/s, then the distance at which the car stops is NCERT Pg. 18
40
(a) 3 m (b) 40 m (c) 60 m (d) 180 m
42. A body initially at rest is moving with uniform acceleration. Its velocity after 10 s is 5 m/s. The displacement of the
body in last 2𝑠 is NCERT Pg. 18
(a) 8 m (b) 9 m (c) 10 m (d) 12 m
43. Two bodies of different masses 𝑚𝑎 and 𝑚𝑏 are dropped from the different heights 𝑥 and 𝑦. The ratio of the time
taken by the two bodies to cover these distances is NCERT Pg. 19
2 2
(a) 𝑥: 𝑦 (b) 𝑦: 𝑥 (c) √𝑥: √𝑦 (d) 𝑥 : 𝑦
44. The object is released from rest under gravity at height 𝑦. The equation of motion which incorrectly expresses the
above situation is NCERT Pg. 19
(a) 𝑣 = 9.8tms−1 (b) 𝑦 = 4.9𝑡 2 m (c) 𝑣 2 = 19.6 mm2 s−2 (d) 𝑦 = 9.8𝑡 2 ms−1

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45. A ball is thrown vertically upwards with a velocity of 10 ms −1 from a building of height 100 m. The maximum height
attained by the ball above the ground is (use 𝑔 = 10 ms−2 ) NCERT Pg. 19
(a) 105 m (b) 110 m (c) 10 m (d) 5 m
46. From a tower of height 𝐻, a particle is thrown vertically upwards with a speed 𝑢. The time taken by the particle to
hit the ground is 𝑛 times the time taken by it to reach the highest point of its path.
The relation between 𝐻, 𝑈 and 𝑛 is NCERT Pg. 19
(a) 2𝑔𝐻 = 𝑛2 𝑢2 (b) 𝑔𝐻 = (𝑛 − 2)2 𝑢2 (c) 2𝑔𝐻 = 𝑛𝑢2 (𝑛 − 2) (d) 𝑔𝐻 = (𝑛 − 2)2 𝑢2
47. A man is standing on the top of a building 100 m high. He throws two stones vertically upward, one at 𝑡 = 0 and
other after a time interval (less than 2 s ). The later stone is thrown at a velocity of half the first. The vertical gap
between first and second stone is 15 m at 𝑡 = 2 s. The gap is found to remain constant. The velocities with which
the stones were thrown are (take 𝒈 = 𝟏𝟎 𝐦𝐬 −𝟐 ) NCERT Pg. 19
(a) 20 ms−1 , 10 ms −1 (b) 10 ms−1 , 5 ms−1 (c) 16 ms−1 , 8 ms−1 (d) 30 ms−1 , 15 ms−1
48. A stone falls freely under gravity. It covers distance ℎ1 , ℎ2 and ℎ3 in the first 5 s, the next 5 s and the next 5 s,
respectively. The relation between ℎ1 , ℎ2 and ℎ3 is the car stops is NCERT Pg. 20
ℎ2 ℎ3
(a) ℎ1 = 2ℎ2 = 3ℎ3 (b) ℎ1 = = (c) ℎ2 = 3ℎ1 and ℎ3 = 3ℎ2 (d) ℎ1 = ℎ2 = ℎ3
3 5
49. The table below shows the motion of an object under free fall. The position of the object after different time
intervals reference to this table, the missing entries 𝐴 and 𝐵 are NCERT Pg. 20
𝒚 in terms of Ratio of
Distance traversed in
𝒕 𝒚 𝟏 distances
𝒚𝟎 [= (− ) 𝒈𝝉𝟐 ] successive intervals
𝟐 traversed

0 0 0

𝝉 −(1/2)𝑔𝜏 2 𝑦0 𝑦0 1

𝟐𝝉 −4(1/2)𝑔𝜏 2 4𝑦0 3𝑦0 3

𝟑𝝉 −9(1/2)𝑔𝜏 2 𝐴 5𝑦0 5

𝟒𝝉 −16(1/2)𝑔𝜏 2 16𝑦0 7𝑦0 7

𝟓𝝉 −25(1/2)𝑔𝜏 2 25𝑦0 9𝑦0 9

𝟔𝝉 −36(1/2)𝑔𝜏 2 36𝑦0 𝐵 11
9𝑦 11𝑦
(a) 𝐴 → 9𝑦0 ; 𝐵 → 11𝑦0 (b) 𝐴 → 11𝑦0 ; 𝐵 → 9𝑦0 (c) 𝐴 → 20 ; 𝐵 → 11𝑦0 (d) 𝐴 → 9𝑦0 ; 𝐵 → 2 0
50. A car is moving with a constant acceleration of 4 m s−2. On seeing a person in front of it, the driver suddenly applies
brake. If the car is moving with a velocity of 20 ms−1 at the moment when driver sees the person and the reaction
time of the driver is 2 s, then the distance it travels after the moment he sees the person and just before applying
the brake is NCERT Pg. 20
(a) 48 m (b) 40 m (c) 8 m (d) 45 m
51. A car moving with speed of 54 km/h can be stopped by applying brakes after moving at least 10 m. If the car is
moving with speed 108 km/h, then the minimum stopping distance is NCERT Pg. 20
(a) 30 m (b) 35 m (c) 40 m (d) 45 m
52. Two persons 𝐴 and 𝐵 conduct an experiment to measure reaction time of 𝐴. 𝐵 drops a ruler vertically through the
gap between 𝐴 's thumb and forefinger. After 𝐴 catches it, the distance 𝑑 travelled by the ruler is 𝑑 = 21.0 cm. The
reaction time for this particular case is NCERT Pg. 21
(a) 0.2 s (b) 0.3 s (c) 0.4 s (d) 0.1 s

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Graphs Related to Motion of an Object in Straight Line

53. A car starts from rest at time 𝑡 = 0 s from the origin 𝑂 and picks up speed till 𝑡 = 10 s and thereafter moves with
uniform speed till 𝑡 = 18 s. The brakes are applied and the car stops at 𝑡 = 20 s and 𝑥 = 296 m. The position-time
graph which best represents the above situation is NCERT Pg. 16
(a) (b)

(c) (d) None of the above

54. A particle starts from the origin at time 𝑡 = 0 and moves along the positive 𝑋-axis. The graph of velocity with
respect to time is shown in figure. What is the position of the particle at time 𝑡 = 5 s ? NCERT Pg. 16

(a) 6 m (b) 3 m (c) 10 m (d) 9 m

55. Figure shows the time-displacement curve of the particles 𝑃 and 𝑄. Which of the following statement is correct?
NCERT Pg. 16

(a) Both 𝑃 and 𝑄 move with uniform equal speed.

(b) 𝑃 is accelerated and 𝑄 moves with uniform speed, but the speed of 𝑃 is more than the speed of 𝑄.
(c) Both 𝑃 and 𝑄 move with uniform speeds but the speed of 𝑃 is more than the speed of 𝑄.
(d) Both 𝑃 and 𝑄 move with uniform speeds but the speed of 𝑄 is more than the speed of 𝑃.
56. The displacement-time graph of a moving particle with constant acceleration is shown in figure. The velocity-time
graph is given by NCERT Pg. 16

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2. Motion in a Straight Line |8

(a) (b) (c) (d)

57. In the following graph, average velocity is geometrically represented by Old NCERT Pg. 42

(a) length of the line 𝑃1 𝑃2 (b) slope of the straight line 𝑃1 𝑃2

(c) slope of the tangent to the curve at 𝑃1 (d) slope of the tangent to the curve at 𝑃2
58. In figure, displacement-time (𝑥 − 𝑡) graph given below, Old NCERT Pg. 42

the average velocity between time 𝑡 = 5 s and 𝑡 = 7 s is

(a) 8 ms−1 (b) 8.7 ms−1 (c) 7.8 ms −1 (d) 13.7 ms−1
∘ ∘
59. The displacement-time graph of two moving particles makes angles of 30 and 45 with the 𝑋-axis. The ratio of
square of their velocities is Old NCERT Pg. 42

(a) 1: 3 (b) 1: 2 (c) 1: 1 (d) 3: 2

60. For the 𝑥 - 𝑡 graph given below, the 𝑣 - 𝑡 graph is shown correctly in Old NCERT Pg. 42

(a) (b) (c) (d)

61. A car moves along a straight line according to the 𝑥 − 𝑡 graph given alongside. The instantaneous velocity of the car
at 𝑡 = 𝑡1 is NCERT Pg. 16

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(a) zero (b) positive (c) Data insufficient (d) Cannot be determined
62. An object is moving in negative direction with a negative acceleration. The velocity-time graph with constant
acceleration which represents the above situation is NCERT Pg. 16

(a) (b) (c) (d)

63. An object is moving with an initial velocity of 30 ms−1 with uniform acceleration. The velocity of object
continuously increases to 40 ms−1 in next 5 s. The 𝑣-t graph which represents this situation is NCERT Pg. 16

(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these

64. All graphs below are intended to represent same motion. One of them does it incorrectly. Pick it up. NCERT Pg. 16

(a) (b) (c) (d)

65. A particle is thrown upwards, then correct 𝑣-t graph will be NCERT Pg. 16

(a) (b) (c) (d)

66. Which of the following graph represents motion with uniformly decelerated? NCERT Pg. 16

(a) (b) (c) (d)

67. From given velocity-time graph, which of the following is acceleration-time graph? NCERT Pg. 16

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 2. Motion in a Straight Line | 10

(a) (b) (c) (d)

68. A particle starts from rest. The acceleration-time graph is shown in the figure. The maximum speed of the particle is
NCERT Pg. 16

(a) 17.5 m/s (b) 27.5 m/s (c) 7.5 m/s (d) 12.5 m/s
69. The displacement-time graph of a moving particle is shown below. The particle is moving with a constant
acceleration during the region of NCERT Pg. 16

(a) 𝑂𝐴 (b) 𝐴𝐵 (c) 𝐵𝐶 (d) 𝐶𝐷

70. The velocity (𝑣) of a particle moving along 𝑋-axis varies with its position 𝑥 as shown in figure. The acceleration (a) of
particle varies with position (𝑥) as NCERT Pg. 16

(a) 𝑎2 = 𝑥 + 3 (b) 𝑎 = 2𝑥 2 + 4 (c) 2𝑎 = 3𝑥 + 5 (d) 𝑎 = 4𝑥 − 8

71. A particle starts from origin 𝑂 from rest and moves with a uniform acceleration along the positive 𝑋-axis. Identify all
figures that correctly represent the motion qualitatively.
( 𝑎 = acceleration, 𝑣 = velocity,𝑥 = displacement,𝑡 = time) NCERT Pg. 16

(A) (B) (C) (D)

(a) (A) (b) (A), (B), (C) (c) (B), (C) (d) (A), (B), (D)
72. The resulting 𝑎 − 𝑡 graph for the given 𝑣 − 𝑡 graph is correctly represented in Old NCERT Pg.45

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 2. Motion in a Straight Line | 11

(a) (b) (c) (d) None of the above

73. A particle starts from rest at 𝑡 = 0 s and undergoes an acceleration 𝑎 in ms −2 with time 𝑡 in seconds which is shown
in figure. Which one of the following plot represents velocity 𝑣 (in ms−1 ) versus time 𝑡 in second? Old NCERT Pg.16

(a) (b) (c) (d)

74. An object is moving in a positive direction with a positive acceleration. The velocity-time graph with constant
acceleration, which represents the above situation is NCERT Pg. 16

(a) (b) (c) (d)

75. The velocity-time graph for motion of an object moving in positive direction with a constant and negative acceleration
is NCERT Pg. 16

(a) (b) (c) (d)

76. An object is moving in positive direction till time 𝑡1 and then turns back with the same negative acceleration. The
velocity-time graph which best describes the situation is NCERT Pg.16

(a) (b) (c) (d)

77. Two cars 𝐴 and 𝐵 are moving along straight line with constant acceleration as shown in the velocity-time graph.

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The correct relation between their accelerations is NCERT Pg. 16

(a) 𝑎𝐴 > 𝑎𝐵 (b) 𝑎𝐴 < 𝑎𝐵 (c) 𝑎𝐴 = 𝑎𝐵 (d) 𝑎𝐴 = 𝑎𝐵 /2

Relative Velocity in One-dimension

78. Consider two objects 𝐴 and 𝐵 moving uniformly with average velocities 𝑣𝐴 and 𝑣𝐵 in one-dimension, along 𝑋-axis. If
𝑥𝐴 (0) and 𝑥𝐵 (0) are positions of objects 𝐴 and 𝐵, respectively at time 𝑡 = 0, the displacement from object 𝐴 to object
𝐵 is given by Old NCERT Pg. 51
(a) 𝑥𝐵𝐴 (𝑡) = 𝑥𝐵 (𝑡) − 𝑥𝐴 (𝑡) (b) 𝑥𝐴𝐵 (𝑡) = 𝑥𝐵 (𝑡) − 𝑥𝐴 (𝑡)
(c) 𝑥𝐵𝐴 (𝑡) = [𝑥𝐵 (0) − 𝑥𝐴 (0)] + (𝑣𝐵 − 𝑣𝐴 )𝑡 (d) Both (a) and (c)
79. The relative velocity 𝑣𝐵𝐴 or 𝑣𝐴𝐵 is zero for two particles moving along 𝑋-axis uniformly. The position-time graph for
this situation will be OId NCERT Pg. 51
(a) straight lines parallel but inclined to time axis (b) straight lines parallel and also parallel to time axis
(c) straight lines intersecting each other at some point (d) curves and not straight lines
80. Two particles 𝐴 and 𝐵 are moving in a straight line with the same speed. Which of the following option correct for the
relative motion of the two particles? Old NCERT Pg. 51
(a) The relative velocity 𝑣𝐴𝐵 or 𝑣𝐵𝐴 is zero, only if they are moving in the same direction.
(b) If the particles are moving in opposite direction, the magnitude of 𝑣𝐵𝐴 or 𝑣𝐴𝐵 is twice than the magnitude of
velocity of 𝐴 or that of 𝐵.
(c) The relative velocity 𝑣𝐴𝐵 or 𝑣𝐵𝐴 is always zero.
(d) Both (a) and (b)
81. The average velocities of the objects 𝐴 and 𝐵 are 𝑣𝐴 and 𝑣𝐵 , respectively. The velocities are related such that 𝑣𝐴 >
𝑣𝐵 . Which of the following option is true for this situation? Old NCERT Pg. 52
a) 𝑣𝐴𝐵 is positive and object 𝐴 overtakes object 𝐵 after some time
b) 𝑣𝐵𝐴 is positive and object 𝐴 overtakes object 𝐵 after some time
c) 𝑥 − 𝑡 graph for the situation is such that one graph is steeper than the other and they meet at a common point
d) Both (a) and (c)
82. A passenger train of length 60 m travels at a speed of 80 km/h. Another freight train of length 120 m travels at a
speed of 30 km/h. The ratio of times taken by the passenger train to completely cross the freight train when: (i)
they are moving in the same direction and (ii) in the opposite direction is Old NCERT Pg. 52
3 25 11 5
(a) 2 (b) 11 (c) 5 (d) 2
83.A person is moving with a velocity of 10 ms−1 towards north. A car moving with a velocity of 20 ms−1 towards south
crosses the person. The velocity of car relative to the person is Old NCERT Pg. 52
(a) −30 ms−1 (b) +20 ms −1 (c) 10 ms−1 (d) −10 ms −1
84.A ball 𝐴 is thrown vertically upwards with speed 𝑣1 . At the same instant another ball 𝐵 is released from rest at height
ℎ. At time 𝑡, the velocity of 𝐴 relative to 𝐵 is Old NCERT Pg. 52
2
(a) 𝑣1 (b) 𝑣1 − 2𝑔𝑡 (c) √𝑣1 − 2𝑔ℎ (d) 𝑣1 − 𝑔𝑡
85.A bus is moving with speed 12 m/s on a straight road. A scooterist wishes to overtake the bus in 120 s. If the bus is
at a distance of 1 km from the scooterist. The speed with which the scooter should chase the bus is Old NCERT Pg. 52
(a) 18 m/s (b) 20.33 m/s (c) 25.66 m/s (d) 17.28 m/s

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A S S E RT I O N A N D R EA S O N Q U EST I O N S CH 2
Direction (Q. No. 1-10) In the following questions, a statement of Assertion is followed by a corresponding
statement of Reason. Of the following statements, choose the correct one.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.

1. Assertion In real-life, in a number of situations, the object is treated as a point object.

Reason An object is treated as point object as far as its size is much smaller than the distance it moves in a
reasonable duration of time. NCERT Pg. 13
2. Assertion For motion along a straight line and in the same direction, the magnitude of average velocity is equal to
the average speed.
Reason For motion along a straight line and in the same direction, the magnitude of displacement is equal to the
path length. Old NCERT Pg. 42
3. Assertion For uniform motion, velocity is the same as the average velocity at all instants Old NCERT Pg. 42
Reason In uniform motion along a straight line, the object covers equal distances in equal intervals of time.
4. Assertion A body cannot be accelerated when it is moving uniformly.
Reason When direction of motion of the body changes, then body may have acceleration. NCERT Pg. 16
5. Assertion In realistic situation, the 𝑥 − 𝑡, 𝑣 − 𝑡 and 𝑎-t graphs will be smooth.
Reason Physically acceleration and velocity cannot change values abruptly at an instant. NCERT Pg. 17
6. Assertion A body is momentarily at rest at the instant, if it reverses the direction.
Reason A body cannot have acceleration, if its velocity is zero at a given instant of time. NCERT Pg. 19
7. Assertion For a body falling freely under the action of gravity, 𝑔 is taken as negative.
Reason For a body thrown vertically upward, 𝑔 is taken as negative. NCERT Pg. 19
8. Assertion From the top of the roof of a house, two balls of different masses are thrown vertically upward with the
same speed. They attain the same height and during their return journey, they came to the thrower with the same
speed.
Reason The maximum height to which a ball rises and the speed it attains on returning back do not depend on the
mass of the ball. NCERT Pg. 19
9. Assertion A negative acceleration of a body can be associated with speeding up of the body.
Reason Increase in speed of a moving body is independent of its direction of motion. NCERT Pg. 19
10. Assertion When the objects 𝐴 and 𝐵 move in the same direction, then relative velocity of object 𝐴 w.r.t. object 𝐵 is
𝑣𝐴𝐵 = 𝑣𝐴 − 𝑣𝐵 .
Reason When the objects 𝐴 and 𝐵 move in opposite direction, then relative velocity of object 𝐵 w.r.t. object 𝐴 is
𝑣𝐵𝐴 = 𝑣𝐵 − 𝑣𝐴 . Old NCERT Pg. 52

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S TATEMENT B AS E D Q UESTIONS CH 2
Direction (Q. Nos 1-8) In the following question, Statement I and Statement II are given. Read these statements and
choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
(b) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.
(c) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.
(d) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
1. Statement I The average and instantaneous velocities have same value in a uniform motion.
Statement II In uniform motion, the velocity of an object increases uniformly. NCERT Pg. 14
2. Statement I The accelerated motion of an object may be due to change in magnitude of velocity or direction of
velocity or both.
Statement II Acceleration can be produced only by change in the magnitude of the velocity. NCERT Pg. 15
3. Statement I The position-time graph of a body moving uniformly in straight line is parallel to position axis Pg. 16
Statement II The position-time graph in a non-uniform motion gives constant velocity at all instant of time.
4. Statement I The displacement is the longest distance between initial and final position. NCERT Pg. 16
Statement II Displacement of a body may be zero when distance travelled by an object is not zero.

5. Statement I A body is said to be free falling, if acceleration of body is equal to acceleration due to gravity.
Statement II A body falling freely may do so with constant acceleration. NCERT Pg. 19
6. Statement I For a given time interval, velocity is single valued while average speed may have many values.
Statement II Velocity is a vector quantity and speed is scalar quantity. NCERT Pg. 20
7. Statement I The slope of 𝑥 − 𝑡 graph at any point gives the instantaneous velocity of the object at the instant
corresponding to that point. NCERT Pg. 18
Statement II The 𝑥-t graph for an object having uniformly accelerated motion is parabolic in nature.
8. Statement I Higher the value of the reaction time means high precision in road safety. NCERT Pg. 17
Statement II The area of the acceleration-displacement curve of a body gives change in kinetic energy per unit mass.

M ATCHING TYPE QUESTION S CH 2

1. In the given figure, let 𝑃, 𝑄 and 𝑅 represent the position of a car at different instants of time. Old NCERT Pg. 40

With reference to the above given figure, match the Column I (displacement/path length) with Column II (value)
and select the correct answer from the options given below.
Column I Column II
A. Displacement of car in moving from 𝑂 to 𝑃 1. 480m
B. Path length of car from 𝑂 to 𝑅 2. 360m
C. Path length of car for its motion from 𝑂 to 𝑃 and back to 𝑄 3. 240m
D. Displacement of car for its motion from 𝑂 to 𝑃 and back to 𝑄 4. 120m
Codes
A B C D
(a) 2 4 1 3
(b) 4 3 2 1
(c) 3 4 1 2
(d) 1 2 3 4

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2. Given 𝑥 − 𝑡 graph represent the motion of an object. Match the Column I (parts of graph) with Column II
(representation) and select the correct answer from the options given below. Old NCERT Pg. 42

Column I Column II
A. Part 𝑂𝐴 of graph 1. Positive velocity
B. Part 𝐴𝐵 of graph 2. Object at rest
C. Part 𝐵𝐶 of graph 3. Negative velocity
D. Point 𝐴 in the graph 4. Change in direction of motion
Codes
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 1 3 2 4
(c) 2 1 3 4
(d) 4 3 2 1
3. The position of an object moving along 𝑋-axis is given by 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑎 − 𝑏𝑡 2 , where 𝑎 = 8.5 m, 𝑏 = 2.5 ms−2 and 𝑡 is
measured in seconds.
For the above situation, match the Column I (speed/velocity) with Column II (value) and select the correct answer
from the options given below. NCERT Pg. 15
Column I Column II
A. Velocity of object at 𝑡 = 2.0 s 1. −15 ms −1
B. Velocity of object at 𝑡 = 0 s 2. −10 ms −1
C. Instantaneous speed of an object at 𝑡 = 2.0 s 3. 0 ms−1
D. Average velocity between 𝑡 = 2.0 s and 𝑡 = 4.0 s 4. 10 ms−1
Codes
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 4 3 4 1
(d) 3 2 1 4
4. Given below is a velocity-time graph for an object in motion along a straight line. NCERT Pg. 16

With reference to the above given figure, match the Column I (displacement/distance) with Column II (magnitude) and
select the correct answer from the options given below.
Column I Column II
A. The distance covered by the object in time 𝑡 = 0 s to 𝑡 = 2 s. 1. 8m
B. The acceleration of the object in time 𝑡 = 0 s to 𝑡 = 2 s 2. −2𝑚𝑠 −2
C. The displacement of the object in 3.4 m time 𝑡 = 0 s to 𝑡 = 4 s 3. 4m
D. The distance of object in time 𝑡 = 0 s to 𝑡 = 4 s. 4. 0

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Codes
A B C D
(a) 3 2 1 4
(b) 1 2 3 4
(c) 3 2 4 1
(d) 4 2 1 3
5. Based on the below velocity-time graph for an object in motion along a straight line with constant acceleration, match
the Column I (description of motion) with Column II (time interval) and select the correct answer from the options
given below. NCERT Pg. 16

Column I Column II
A. Motion in positive direction with positive acceleration. 1. 𝑡 = 2 s to 𝑡 = 4 s
B. Motion in positive direction till time 𝑡 and then turns back 2. 𝑡 = 4 s to 𝑡 = 6 s
with same negative acceleration.
C. Motion in negative direction with positive acceleration. 3. 𝑡 = 0 s to 𝑡 = 6 s
D. Displacement is zero. 4. 𝑡 = 0 s to 𝑡 = 2 s
A B C D
(a) 4 1 3 2
(b) 3 2 4 1
(c) 3 1 4 2
(d) 4 1 2 3

N UMERICAL T YPE Q UESTION S CH 2

1. In 1.0 s, a particle goes from point 𝐴 to point 𝐵, moving in a semicircle (see figure). The magnitude of the average
velocity is 𝑥 m/s. The value of 𝑥 is Old NCERT Pg. 42

2. A car covers 𝐴𝐵 distance with first one-third at velocity 𝑣1 ms−1, second one-third at 𝑣2 ms−1 and last one-third at
𝑣3 ms−1 . If 𝑣3 = 3𝑣1 , 𝑣2 = 2𝑣1 and 𝑣1 = 11 ms−1, then the average velocity of the car is ………….OId NCERT Pg. 42

3. The distance travelled by an object in time 𝑡 is given by 3.5𝑡 2 + 𝑡. The instantaneous speed (in ms −1 ) of the object
at 𝑡 = 4 s is …………… NCERT Pg. 14
4. A car is moving with speed of 100 km/h and after applying the brake, it will move 16 m before it stop. If the same
car is moving with a speed of half the reported speed, then it will stop after travelling...... 𝑚 distance. NCERT Pg. 18
5. The velocity of the bullet become one-third after it penetrate 8 cm in a wooden block. Assume that the bullet is
facing constant resistance during its motion in the block. The bullet stops completely after travelling at (6 + 𝑥)cm
inside the block. The value of 𝑥 is NCERT Pg.18

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6. A Juggler throws balls vertically upward with some initial-velocity in air. When the first ball reaches its highest
position, he throws the next ball. Assuming the Juggler throws 3 balls per second, the maximum height the balls can
reach is 𝐻 metre. The value of 9𝐻 is ...m. (Take, 𝑔 = 10 ms −2 ) NCERT Pg. 19
7. A stone of mass 1 kg is dropped from a height of 20 m. The height at which the magnitude of velocity become
equal to the magnitude of acceleration due to gravity is......m. (Take, 𝑔 = 10 m/s2 ) NCERT Pg. 19
8. A ball is moving upward with a uniform velocity of 5 ms−1 . An object of finite mass attached to ball is dropped from
the ball, when it was at a height of 60 m from the ground level. The height of the ball from the ground, when object
strikes the ground is………………. NCERT Pg. 19
1
9. A ball is dropped from the top of a 100 m high tower on a planet. In the last 𝑠 before hitting the ground, it cover a
2
distance of 19 m. Acceleration due to gravity near the surface on the planet is …………… ms −2. NCERT Pg. 19
10. A truck 𝐴 is moving with a speed of 40kmh−1 and truck 𝐵 is moving with a speed of 70kmh−1, along parallel
straight paths. If both the trucks starts from the same point, then the position of truck 𝐴 with respect to truck 𝐵
after 20 min is …………. km. Old NCERT Pg. 51

NCERT E X EMPLAR QU EST I ONS CH 2

1. Among the four graphs shown in the figure, there is only one graph for which average velocity over the time
interval (0, 𝑇) can vanish for a suitably chosen 𝑇. Which one is it?

(a) (b) (c) (d)

2. A lift is coming from 8th floor and is just about to reach 4th floor. Taking ground floor as origin and positive
direction upwards for all quantities, which one of the following is correct?
(a) 𝑥 < 0, 𝑣 < 0, 𝑎 > 0 (b) 𝑥 > 0, 𝑣 < 0, 𝑎 < 0
(c) 𝑥 > 0, 𝑣 < 0, 𝑎 > 0 (d) 𝑥 > 0, 𝑣 > 0, 𝑎 < 0
3. In one-dimensional motion, instantaneous speed 𝑣 satisfies 0 ≤ 𝑣 < 𝑣0 .
(a) The displacement in time 𝑇 must always take non-negative values
(b) The displacement 𝑥 in time 𝑇 satisfies, −𝑣0 𝑇 < 𝑥 < 𝑣0 𝑇
(c) The acceleration is always a non-negative number
(d) The motion has no turning points
4. A vehicle travels half the distance 𝑙 with speed 𝑣1 and the other half with speed 𝑣2 , then its average speed is
𝑣1 +𝑣2 2𝑣1 +𝑣2 2𝑣1 𝑣2 𝑙(𝑣1 +𝑣2 )
(a) 2
(b) 𝑣1 +𝑣2
(c) 𝑣 (d)
1 +𝑣2 𝑣1 𝑣2
5. The displacement of a particle is given by 𝑥 = (𝑡 − 2)2 , where 𝑥 is in metre and 𝑡 in second. The distance covered
by the particle in first. 4 s is
(a) 4 m (b) 8 m (c) 12 m (d) 16 m
6. At a metro station, a girl walks up a stationary escalator in time 𝑡1 . If she remains stationary on the escalator, then
the escalator takes her up in time 𝑡2 . The time taken by her to walk upon the moving escalator will be
(a) (𝑡1 + 𝑡2 )/2 (b) 𝑡1 𝑡2 /(𝑡2 − 𝑡1 ) (c) 𝑡1 𝑡2 /(𝑡2 + 𝑡1 ) (d) 𝑡1 − 𝑡2
7. The variation of quantity 𝐴 with respect to quantity 𝐵, plotted in figure describes the motion of a particle in a
straight line.

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(a) Quantity 𝐵 may represent time (b) Quantity 𝐴 is velocity, if motion is uniform
(c) Quantity 𝐴 is distance, if motion is non-uniform (d) Quantity 𝐵 is velocity, if motion is uniformly accelerated
8. For one-dimensional motion, described by 𝑥 = 𝑡 − sin 𝑡
(a) 𝑥(𝑡) = 0 for all 𝑡 > 0 (b) 𝑣(𝑡) > 0 for all 𝑡 > 0
(c) 𝑎(𝑡) < 0 for all 𝑡 > 0 (d) 𝑣(𝑡) lies between 0 and 2
9. A ball is bouncing elastically with a speed 1 ms−1 between walls of a railway compartment of size 10 m in a
direction perpendicular to walls. The train is moving at a constant velocity of 10 ms−1 parallel to the direction of
motion of the ball. As seen from the ground,
(a) the direction of motion of the ball is constant for every 10 s
(b) speed of ball is constant
(c) average speed of ball over any 20 s intervals is variable
(d) the acceleration of ball is not the same as from the train

P AST E XAM Q UESTI ONS CH 2

NEET
1. A bullet from a gun is fired on a rectangular wooden block with velocity 𝑢. When bullet travels 24 cm through the
block along its length horizontally, velocity of bullet becomes 𝑢 / 3. Then it further penetrates into the block in the
same direction before coming to rest exactly at the other end of the block. The total length of the block is
(a) 24 cm (b) 28 cm (c) 30 cm (d) 27 cm NCERT Pg. 18, NEET 2023
2. A horizontal bridge is built across a river. A student standing on the bridge throws a small ball vertically upwards
with a velocity 4 ms−1. The ball strikes the water surface after 4 s. The height of bridge above water surface is
(Take, 𝑔 = 10 m s−2 ) NCERT Pg. 19, NEET 2023
(a) 60 m (b) 64 m (c) 68 m (d) 56 m
3. The ratio of the distances travelled by a freely falling body in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th second
(a) 1: 4: 9: 16 (b) 1: 3: 5: 7 (c) 1: 1: 1: 1 (d) 1: 2: 3: 4 NCERT Pg. 20, NEET 2021
4. A car starts from rest and accelerates at 5 m/s2. At 𝑡 = 4 s, a ball is dropped out of a window by a person sitting in
the car. What is the velocity and acceleration of the ball at 𝑡 = 6 s ? (Take, 𝒈 = 𝟏𝟎 𝐦/𝐬𝟐 )NCERT Pg. 17, NEET 2021
(a) 20 m/s, 5 m/s 2 (b) 20 m/s, 0 (c) 20√2 m/s, 0 (d) 20√2 m/s, 10 m/s2
5. A small block slides down on a smooth inclined plane, starting from rest at time 𝑡 = 0. Let 𝑠𝑛 be the distance
𝑠
travelled by the block in the interval 𝑡 = 𝑛 − 1 to 𝑡 = 𝑛. Then, the ratio 𝑠 𝑛 is NCERT Pg. 20, NEET 2021
𝑛+1
2𝑛−1 2𝑛−1 2𝑛+1 2𝑛
(a) 2𝑛
(b)
2𝑛+1
(c) 2𝑛−1 (d) 2𝑛−1
6. A person sitting in the ground floor of a building notices through the window of height 1.5 m, a ball dropped from
the roof of the building crosses the window in 0.1 s. What is the velocity of the ball when it is at the topmost point
of the window? (𝑔 = 10 m/s2 ) NCERT Pg. 19, NEET 2020
(a) 15.5 m/s (b) 14.5 m/s (c) 4.5 m/s (d) 20 m/s
7. A ball is thrown vertically downward with a velocity of 20 m/s from the top of a tower. It hits the ground after
some time with a velocity of 80 m/s. The height of the tower is (𝑔 = 10 m/s2 ) NCERT Pg. 19, NEET 2020
(a) 340 m (b) 320 m (c) 300 m (d) 360 m
8. A person standing on the floor of an elevator drops a coin. The coin reaches the floor in time 𝑡1 , if the elevator is at
rest and in time 𝑡2 , if the elevator is moving uniformly. Then, which of the following option is correct?
(a) 𝑡1 < 𝑡2 or 𝑡1 > 𝑡2 depending upon whether the lift is going up or down NCERT Pg. 19, NEET 2019
(b) 𝑡1 < 𝑡2
(c) 𝑡1 > 𝑡2
(d) 𝑡1 = 𝑡2

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 19

9. Preeti reached the metro station and found that the escalator was not working. She walked up the stationary
escalator in time 𝑡1 . On other days, if she remains stationary on the moving escalator, then the escalator takes her
up in time 𝑡2 . The time taken by her to walk up on the moving escalator will be NCERT Pg. 18, NEET 2017
𝑡1 +𝑡2 𝑡1 𝑡2 𝑡1 𝑡2
(a) 2 (b) 𝑡 −𝑡 (c) 𝑡 +𝑡 (d) 𝑡1 − 𝑡2
2 1 2 1
10. If the velocity of a particle is 𝑣 = 𝐴𝑡 + 𝐵𝑡 2 , where 𝐴 and 𝐵 are constants, then the distance travelled by it between
1 s and 2 s is NCERT Pg. 14, NEET 2016
3 7 𝐴 𝐵 3
(a) 3𝐴 + 7𝐵 (b) 2 𝐴 + 3 𝐵 (c) 2 + 3 (d) 2 𝐴 + 4𝐵

JEE Main
11. Two trains 𝐴 and 𝐵 of length 𝑙 and 4𝑙 are travelling into a tunnel of length 𝐿 in parallel tracks from opposite
directions with velocities 108 km/h and 72 km/h, respectively. If train 𝐴 takes 35 s less time than train 𝐵 to cross
the tunnel, then length 𝐿 of tunnel is (Given, 𝐿 = 600 ) NCERT Pg. 15, JEE Main 2023
(a) 1200 m (b) 1800 m (c) 2700 m (d) 900 m
12. A ball is released from a height ℎ. If 𝑡1 and 𝑡2 be the time required to complete first half and second half of the
distance, respectively. Then, choose the correct relation between 𝑡1 and 𝑡2 . NCERT Pg. 19, JEE Main 2022
(a) 𝑡1 = (√2)𝑡2 (b) 𝑡1 = (√2 − 1)𝑡2 (c) 𝑡2 = (√2 + 1)𝑡1 (d) 𝑡2 = (√2 − 1)𝑡1
13. A ball is thrown up vertically with a certain velocity, so that it reaches a maximum height ℎ. Find the ratio of the
times in which it is at height ℎ/3 while going up and coming down, respectively. NCERT Pg. 19, JEE Main 2022
√2−1 √3−√2 √3−1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 3
√2+1 √3+√2 √3+1
𝑛 𝑎
14. Velocity ( 𝑣 ) and acceleration (a) in two systems of units 1 and 2 are related as 𝑣2 = 2 𝑣1 and 𝑎2 = 1 ′
𝑚 𝑚𝑛
respectively. Here, 𝑚 and 𝑛 are constants. The relations for distance and time in two systems respectively, are
𝑛3 𝑛2 𝑛4 𝑛2
(a) 𝐿 = 𝐿2 and 𝑇 = 𝑇2 (b) 𝐿1 = 𝐿 and 𝑇1 = 𝑇 NCERT Pg. 15, JEE Main 2022
𝑚3 1 𝑚 1 𝑚2 2 𝑚 2
𝑛2 𝑛4 𝑛2 𝑛4
(c) 𝐿1 = 𝐿
and 𝑇1 = 𝑇 (d) 𝐿1
= 𝐿2 and 𝑇
= 𝑇2
𝑚 2 𝑚2 2 𝑚 𝑚2 1
15. Water drops are falling from a nozzle of a shower onto the floor, from a height of 9.8 m. The drops fall at a regular
interval of time. When the first drop strikes the floor, at that instant, the third drop begins to fall. Locate the
position of second drop from the floor when the first drop strikes the floor. NCERT Pg. 19, JEE Main 2021
(a) 4.18 m (b) 2.94 m (c) 2.45 m (d) 7.35 m

S KI LL B OOST ERS CH 2
1. A drunkard is walking along a straight road. He takes 7 steps forward and 5 steps backward and so on. Each step is
1 m long and takes 1 s. There is a pit on the road 13 m away from the starting point. The drunkard will fall into the
pit after
(a) 36 s (b) 30 s (c) 43 s (d) 39 s
2. The velocity-time graphs of a bike and a truck are shown in the figure.
(i) the difference between the distance travelled by the bike and the truck in 15 s and
(ii) the time at which the car will catch up with the scooter are, respectively.

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 20

(a) 112.5 m and 15 s (b) 337.5 m and 25 s (c) 225.5 m and 10 s (d) 112.5 m and 22.5 s
50
3. Two cars 𝐴 and 𝐵 simultaneously start a race. The velocity of car 𝐴 varies with time as 𝑣 = √𝑡 ms−1 for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤
√95
95 s and 𝑣 = 50 m/s for 𝑣 > 95 s. The car 𝐵 moves together with car 𝐴 to a place, where both have velocity of
20 m/s, after this place car 𝐵 move with constant velocity for one second and then follows. Velocity-time relation
identical to car 𝐴. In this way, car 𝐵 acquires the constant velocity in one second after car 𝐴 acquires it. How much
more distance car 𝐴 covers in the first 100 s ?
(a) Less than 25 m (b) Less than 30 m (c) Equal to 30 m (d) Equal to 20 m
4. A length of path 𝐴𝐶𝐵 is 1500 m and the length of the path 𝐴𝐷𝐵 is 2100 m. Two particles start from point 𝐴
simultaneously around the track 𝐴𝐶𝐵𝐷𝐴. One of them travels the track in clockwise sense and other in anti-
clockwise sense with their respective constant speeds. After 12 s from the start, the first time they meet at the
point 𝐵. After minimum time (in 𝑠 ) in which they meet first at point 𝐵, will they again meet at the point 𝐵 is time
𝑡min = (12)𝑥 s. Find the value of 𝑥.

(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 2

5. A student used to go to his coaching institute every evening and he takes 20 min. Once on his way, he realised that
he had forgotten his book at home. He knew that if he continued walking to the coaching at the same speed, he
would be there 8 min before the bell, so he went back home for the book and arrived the coaching 10 min late. If
he had walked all the way with his usual speed, the fraction of the way to coaching institute had he covered at that
moment when he turned back is
20 9 9 3
(a) 3 (b) 20 (c) 10 (d) 2
6. A stone is dropped from the top of a tall cliff and 𝑛 seconds later another stone is thrown vertically downward with
a velocity 𝑢. Then, the second stone overtakes the first, below the top of the cliff at a distance given by
𝑔𝑛 2 𝑢 2 𝑢 2 2
𝑔 𝑛(𝑢− 2
) 𝑔 𝑛( −𝑔𝑛)
2 𝑔 𝑛( 2 −𝑔𝑛) 𝑔 (𝑢−𝑔𝑛)
(a) 2 [ (𝑢−𝑔𝑛) ] (b) 2 [ (𝑢−𝑔𝑛) ] (c) 2 [𝑢 ] (d) 2 [ 𝑢 ]
( −𝑔𝑛) ( −𝑔𝑛)
2 2
−1
7. On a highway, two buses 𝐴 and 𝐵 are running at the same velocity of magnitude 30 ms . The brakes cause a
30
deceleration of ms−2 in bus 𝐴 and that of bus 𝐵 is 3 ms−2. In an emergency when driver of the front bus applies
7
brakes, immediately its rear light turns red and braking begins. In response, driver of the rear bus also applies
brakes to avoid a collision with the front bus. Every driver takes 1 s to apply the brakes after he saw a need for it. If
bus 𝐴 ahead of bus 𝐵, then the minimum separation between the buses before driver of bus 𝐴 applies the brake is
𝑥1 . If bus 𝐵 is running ahead of bus 𝐴, then the minimum separation between the buses before the driver of bus 𝐵
applies brake is 𝑥2 . The ratio of 𝑥1 and 𝑥2 is
(a) 7: 8 (b) 15: 1 (c) 1: 8 (d) 3: 5
100 −1
8. A passenger train passes a certain station at 9 ms and covers a distance of 8 km with this speed and then
stops at the next station, 10 km from the first with uniform deceleration. A local train starting from the first station
covers the same distance in double this time and stops at the next station. The maximum speed of local train is 𝑣0
and it covers a part of the distance with uniform acceleration and the rest with uniform deceleration. The value of
𝑣0 (in km/h ) is
(a) 50.8 (b) 48.6 (c) 33.3 (d) 42.6
9. On a long horizontally moving belt, a child runs to and fro with a speed 9 km/h (with respect to the belt) between
his father and mother located 50 m apart on the moving belt. The belt moves with a speed of 4 km/h. For an
observer on the stationary platform, the speed of the child running in the direction of motion of the belt is
(a) 4 km/h (b) 5 km/h (c) 9 km/h (d) 13 km/h

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 21

10. A rocket is moving in a gravity free space with a constant acceleration of 2 ms−2 along +𝑥-direction (see figure).
The length of a chamber inside rocket is 4 m. A ball is thrown from the left end of the chamber in +𝑥-direction with
a speed of 0.3 ms−1 relative to the rocket. At the same time, another ball is thrown in 𝑥-direction with a speed of
0.2 ms−1 from its right end relative to the rocket. The time in seconds when the two balls hit each other is

(a) 6 s (b) 7 s (c) 2 s (d) 9 s

C ORREC T C ODES CH 2
Topical Questions
1 (b) 2 (a) 3 (a) 4 (a) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7 (b) 8 (d) 9 (b) 10 (a)
11 (c) 12 (a) 13 (b) 14 (a) 15 (a) 16 (d) 17 (a) 18 (c) 19 (a) 20 (b)
21 (d) 22 (b) 23 (a) 24 (c) 25 (d) 26 (d) 27 (b) 28 (a) 29 (d) 30 (b)
31 (a) 32 (c) 33 (c) 34 (c) 35 (c) 36 (a) 37 (a) 38 (b) 39 (b) 40 (b)
41 (d) 42 (b) 43 (c) 44 (d) 45 (a) 46 (c) 47 (a) 48 (b) 49 (a) 50 (a)
51 (c) 52 (a) 53 (a) 54 (d) 55 (c) 56 (d) 57 (b) 58 (b) 59 (a) 60 (a)
61 (a) 62 (d) 63 (b) 64 (b) 65 (a) 66 (b) 67 (a) 68 (a) 69 (b) 70 (d)
71 (d) 72 (a) 73 (a) 74 (a) 75 (b) 76 (c) 77 (a) 78 (d) 79 (a) 80 (d)
81 (d) 82 (c) 83 (a) 84 (a) 85 (b)

Assertion and Reason Questions

1 (a) 2 (a) 3 (b) 4 (d) 5 (a) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8 (a) 9 (b) 10 (c)

Statement Based Questions

1 (b) 2 (b) 3 (a) 4 (c) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7 (d) 8 (c)

Matching Type Questions

1 (a) 2 (b) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d)

Numerical Type Questions

1 4 2 18 3 29 4 4 5 3 6 5 7 10 8 80 9 8 10 10

Matching Type Questions

1 (a) 2 (b) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d)

NCERT Exemplar Questions

1 (b) 2 (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (a) 8 (d) 9 (a)

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 22

S T E P BY S T E P D E C O D I N G T H E Q U E S T I O N S C H 2
Concept Builders
1. True (T) 12. instantaneous acceleration
2. Frame of reference 13. False (F)
3. less 14. Uniform circular motion
4. False (F) 15. Opposite to the velocity
5. True (T) 16. Yes
6. False (F) 17. Opposite
7. instantaneous speed 1
18. 2
𝑔𝑡 2
8. True (T) 𝑣02
9. True (T) 19. 2𝑎
10. False (F) 20. 35
11. For constant velocity

Topical Questions
3 (a)

Displacement of Snehit is OC.

∴ 𝑂𝐶 = √𝑂𝐷 2 + 𝐶𝐷 2
𝑂𝐶 = √(30)2 + (40)2
𝑂𝐶 = 50 m
6 (d) Distance covered,
𝑑1 = 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐶 + 𝐶𝐷 + 𝐷𝐴 + 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐶
= 𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 = 6𝑎 and displacement covered,
𝑑2 = 𝐴𝐶
= √𝑎2 + 𝑎2 = √2𝑎
𝑑1 6𝑎
∴ = = 3√2
𝑑2 √2𝑎
𝑣1 𝑡1 + 𝑣2 𝑡2
𝟕 (b) 𝑣av =
𝑡1 + 𝑡2
𝑡 𝑡
4×2+8×2
= 𝑡 𝑡
2+2
6m
=
s
8 (d) Let initial velocity = 0
and acceleration = 𝑎
1 1
0 𝑎𝑝 𝑎(𝑝 + 𝑞)𝑎(𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑟)

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 23

0 + 𝑎𝑝 1
∴𝑥= = 𝑎𝑝
2 2
𝑎𝑝 + 𝑎(𝑝 + 𝑞) 1
𝑦= = 𝑎𝑝 + 𝑎𝑞
2 2
𝑎(𝑝 + 𝑞) + 𝑎(𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑟)
𝑧=
2
1
= 𝑎𝑝 + 𝑎𝑞 + 𝑎𝑟
2
1 1
𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2 𝑎𝑝 − 2 𝑎𝑞 𝑝 + 𝑞
∴ = =
𝑦 − 𝑧 − 1 𝑎𝑞 − 1 𝑎𝑟 𝑞 + 𝑟
2 2
9(b) Average velocity
Displacement
=
Time taken
2𝑅 2 × 40
= =
𝑡 40
−1
= 2 ms
10 (a) As runner starts from 𝑂 and comes back to 𝑂, so net displacement is zero.
Total distance
Average speed =
Total time
𝑂𝑄 + 𝑄𝑅 + 𝑅𝑂
=
Total time
90∘
1 km + (2𝜋𝑟) (360∘ ) km + 1 km
=
1h
(∵ angle of sector 𝑂𝑄𝑅 is 90∘ )
1
1 + 2𝜋 × 1 (4) + 1
=
1
𝜋
= 2 + = 3.57 km/h
2
11 (c) According to the question, the situation is as shown

From 𝐴 to 𝐶,
𝑑/4 𝑑
Time taken, 𝑡1 = 40
= 160
From 𝐶 to 𝐷,
𝑑/2 𝑑
Time taken, 𝑡2 = 80
= 160
From 𝐷 to 𝐵,
𝑑/4 𝑑
Time taken, 𝑡3 = 120 = 480
Total time = 𝑡1 + 𝑡2 + 𝑡3
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
= + +
160 160 480
3𝑑 + 3𝑑 + 𝑑 7𝑑
= =
480 480
Total distance
Average speed = Total time

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 24

𝑑
=
7𝑑/480
= 68.57 m/s
13 (b) Velocity of a particle,
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑣= = 2𝑡 + 3𝑡 2 (∵ 𝑣 = )
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = (2𝑡 + 3𝑡 2 )𝑑𝑡
𝑥2 2
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (2𝑡 + 3𝑡 2 )𝑑𝑡
𝑥1 1
2 2
𝑡2 𝑡3
= 2( ) + 3( )
2 3
𝑥2 − 𝑥1 = (2 − 1 ) + (23 − 13 )
2 2

Δ𝑥 = (3) + (7) = 10 m
14 (a) For maximum velocity,
𝑑𝑣
=0
𝑑𝑡
Given, 𝑣 = 4𝑡(1 − 2𝑡)
⇒ 𝑣 = 4𝑡 − 8𝑡 2
𝑑
⇒ (4𝑡 − 8𝑡 2 ) = 0
𝑑𝑡
⇒ 4 − 16𝑡 = 0
1
⇒ 𝑡 = 𝑠 = 0.25 s
4
Again taking differentiation, we get
𝑑2 𝑣
= −16 < 0
𝑑𝑡 2
So, at 𝑡 = 0.25 s, velocity is maximum.
15 (a) Velocity,
𝑑𝑥 𝑑
𝑣= = (𝑎𝑒 −𝑝𝑡 + 𝑏𝑒 𝑞𝑡 )
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
= −𝑝𝑎𝑒 −𝑝𝑡 + 𝑞𝑏𝑒 𝑞𝑡
Acceleration,
𝑑𝑣 𝑑
𝑎= = (−𝑝𝑎𝑒 −𝑝𝑡 + 𝑞𝑏𝑒 𝑞𝑡 )
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
= 𝑝2 𝑎𝑒 −𝑝𝑡 + 𝑞 2 𝑏𝑒 𝑞𝑡
Acceleration is positive, so velocity goes on increasing with time.
𝑑𝑥
16(d) Velocity, 𝑣 =
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
= 𝑠0 (1 − 𝑒 −𝑝𝑡 )
𝑑𝑡
= 𝑠0 𝑝𝑒 −𝑝𝑡
At 𝑡 = 0, 𝑣 = 𝑠0 𝑝
𝑑𝑣
17 (a) 𝑑𝑡 = 4−2𝑣
𝑑𝑣
⇒ ∫ 𝑑𝑡 = ∫
4 − 2𝑣
Since, at 𝑡 = 0, 𝑣 = 0.
From Eq. (i), we get

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 25

1
0 = − ln (4 − 0) + 𝐶
2
1
⇒ 𝐶 = ln 4
2
Again, from Eq. (i), we get
1 1
𝑡 = − ln (4 − 2𝑣) + ln 4
2 2
1 4 − 2𝑣
= − ln ( )
2 4
1 𝑣
𝑡 = − ln (1 − )
2 2
𝑣
⇒ 1 − = 𝑒 −2𝑡 ⇒ 𝑣 = 2(1 − 𝑒 −2𝑡 )
2
18 (c) Given, 𝑡 = √𝑥 + 4
⇒ √𝑥 = 𝑡 − 4
⇒ 𝑥 = (𝑡 − 4)2
⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑡 2 + 16 − 8𝑡
𝑑𝑥
∴ Velocity, 𝑣 = = 2𝑡 − 8
𝑑𝑡
When 𝑣 = 0, then
2𝑡 − 8 = 0
𝑡 = 4𝑠
∴ 𝑥 = 42 + 16 − 8 × 4 = 0
19 (a) The instantaneous speed is always positive as it is the magnitude of the velocity at an instant. So, it is positive
during 𝑡 = 5 s to 𝑡 = 10 s.
20 (b)

Let acceleration, 𝛼 = 2 m/s2

and deceleration, 𝛽 = 3 m/s2
Total time, 𝑡1 + 𝑡2 = 10 s
𝑣0
∴ 𝛼=
𝑡1
⇒ 𝑣0 = 𝛼𝑡1 = 2𝑡1
𝑣
and 𝛽 = 𝑡 0
2
⇒ 𝑣0 = 𝛽𝑡2 = 3𝑡2
Now, 𝑣0 = 2𝑡1 = 3𝑡2
2𝑡1
⇒ 𝑡2 =
3
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
𝑡1 = 6 s
∴ Maximum velocity,
𝑣0 = 2𝑡1 = 2 × 6 = 12 m/s
21 (d) The given situation is shown below.
∵ a acceleration 𝐵 uniform 𝐶⃗ deceleration 𝐷
For motion of car from 𝐴 to 𝐵,

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 26

𝑎 = 0.5 ms −2
5
𝑣 = 18 × ms−1 = 5 ms−1
18
𝑣−𝑢
Time, 𝑡1 =
𝑎
5−0
⇒ 𝑡1 = = 10 s
0.5
distance 4000
For motion of car from 𝐵 to 𝐶, 𝑠 = 4 km = 4000 m and 𝑣 = 5 ms−1 𝑡2 = velocity
= 5
= 800 s
−1 −2
For motion of car from 𝐶 to 𝐷, 𝑣 = 0, 𝑢 = 5 ms and 𝑎 = −0.2 ms (negative sign shows deceleration)
𝑣−𝑢
Time taken, 𝑡3 =
𝑎
0−5
= = 25𝑠
−0.2
Total time taken, 𝑇 = 𝑡1 + 𝑡2 + 𝑡3
⇒ 𝑇 = (10 + 800 + 25)S = 835 s
22 (b) Average acceleration
Δ𝑣 20 − 0 20
= = = = 4 m/s2
Δ𝑡 8−3 5
23 (a) Given, 𝑣(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑣
∴ 𝑎= = × =𝑣
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣
= (3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥) ×
𝑑𝑥
(3𝑥 2
= − 4𝑥)(6𝑥 − 4)
24 (c)

Acceleration = 𝛼 = Slope of 𝑂𝐴
𝑣max
=
𝑥
∴ 𝑣max = 𝛼𝑥
Now, the vehicle decelerates during the motion 𝐴𝐵.
𝑣
Deceleration = 𝛽 = Slope of 𝐴𝐵 = max 𝑡
𝑉max
∴ Time, 𝑡 = 𝛽
2
𝑣max
Distance travelled during 𝐴𝐵, 𝑠 = 2𝛽
𝑣2
max
𝑠 2𝛽 𝑣max 𝛼𝑥
∴ Average speed, 𝑣av = =
𝑡
𝑣max = 2
= 2
𝛽
26 (d)
Given, 𝑥 = 8 + 12𝑡 − 𝑡 3
So, 𝑣 = 12 − 3𝑡 2 and 𝑎 = −6𝑡
12
When 𝑣 = 0, then 𝑡 = √ 3 = 2 s
and 𝑎 = −6 × 2 = −12 ms −2
27 (b) Given, 𝑣(𝑥) = 3𝑥 −2𝑛

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 27

𝑑𝑣(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑣
𝑎= = ⋅
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣
⇒𝑎=𝑣 = (3𝑥 −2𝑛 )(−2𝑛 × 3𝑥 −2𝑛−1 )
𝑑𝑥
⇒ 𝑎 = −18𝑛𝑥 −4𝑛−1

28 (a) Given, 𝑡 = 𝛼𝑥 2 + 𝛽𝑥
𝑑𝑡
= 2𝛼𝑥 + 𝛽
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 1
⇒ =𝑣=
𝑑𝑡 2𝛼𝑥 + 𝛽
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥
As acceleration, 𝑎 = 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣 −2𝛼
⇒𝑎=𝑣⋅ = 𝑣( )
𝑑𝑥 (2𝛼𝑥 + 𝛽)2
= −2𝛼𝑣 ⋅ 𝑣 2 = −2𝛼𝑣 3
29(d) The acceleration is given as,
𝑎 = 5 − 2𝑣
𝑑𝑣
⇒ = 5 − 2𝑣
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣
⇒ = 𝑑𝑡
5 − 2𝑣
At 𝑡 = 0, 𝑣 = 0
𝑣 𝑡
𝑑𝑣
∴∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
0 5 − 2𝑣 0
1 5 − 2𝑣
⇒ − ln ( )=𝑡
2 5
5
⇒ 𝑣 = (1 − 𝑒 −2𝑡 )
2
30 (b) The displacement of the particle is
𝑥 2 = 3𝑡 2 + 4
𝑑𝑥
⇒ 2𝑥 ⋅ = 6𝑡
𝑑𝑡
⇒ 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑣 = 3𝑡
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥
⇒ 𝑥⋅ +𝑣⋅ =3
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
⇒ 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑎 + 𝑣2 = 3
3𝑡 2
⇒ 𝑥⋅𝑎+( ) =3
𝑥
9𝑡 2
⇒ 𝑥⋅𝑎+ 2 =3
𝑥
3(𝑥 2 − 3𝑡 2 )
⇒ 𝑎=
𝑥3
3×4
∴ = 3
𝑥
1
∴ 𝑎∝ 3
𝑥

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 28

31 (a) Given, 𝑥 = 10𝑡 + 15𝑡 3

𝑑
𝑣 = (10𝑡 + 15𝑡 3 )
𝑑𝑡
= 10 + 45𝑡 2
∴ At 𝑡 = 0, 𝑣0 = 10 + 0 = 10 m/s
At 𝑡 = 2 s, 𝑣 ′ = 10 + 45 × 22
= 190 m/s
Δ𝑣 = 𝑣 ′ − 𝑣0 = 190 − 10 = 180 m/s
Δ𝑡 = (2 − 0)𝑠 = 2𝑠
∴ Average acceleration,
Δ𝑣 180
𝑎av = = = 90 m/s2 Instantaneous acceleration,
Δ𝑡 2
𝑑𝑣 𝑑
𝑎ins = = (10 + 45𝑡 2 ) = 90𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
At 𝑡 = 2 s, 𝑎ins = 90 × 2 = 180 m/s2
∴ 𝑎ins − 𝑎av = 180 − 90 = 90 m/s2
32 (c) Position of particle is,
𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑝𝑡 + 𝑞𝑡 2 − 𝑟𝑡 3
So, its velocity is,
𝑑𝑥
𝑣= = 𝑝 + 2𝑞𝑡 − 3𝑟𝑡 2
𝑑𝑡
and acceleration is,
𝑑𝑣
𝑎= = 2𝑞 − 6𝑟𝑡
𝑑𝑡
Acceleration is zero, then
2𝑞 − 6𝑟𝑡 = 0
2𝑞 𝑞
⇒ 𝑡= =
6𝑟 3𝑟
Substituting 𝑡 in expression of velocity, we get
𝑞 𝑞 2
𝑣 = 𝑝 + 2𝑞 ( ) − 3𝑟 ( )
3𝑟 3𝑟
2𝑞 2 𝑞 2 𝑞2
=𝑝+ − =𝑝+
3𝑟 3𝑟 3𝑟
33 (c) For negative acceleration, the 𝑥 - 𝑡 graph moves downward. But the car is moving in positive direction as the
position coordinate is increasing in the positive direction.
34 (c) Acceleration of the car,
𝑣 − 𝑣0 (15 − 30)
𝑎= =
𝑡 2
15
=− = −7.5 ms−2
2
35 (c) Displacement of the object = Area under 𝑣 - 𝑡 curve
1
𝑥 = (𝑣 − 𝑣0 )𝑡 + 𝑣0 𝑡 (𝑖)
2
Also, 𝑣 = 𝑣0 + 𝑎𝑡
⇒ 𝑣 − 𝑣0 = 𝑎𝑡
Putting the value of (𝑣 − 𝑣0 ) from Eq. (ii) in Eq. (i), we get

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 29

1
𝑥 = 𝑎𝑡 × 𝑡 + 𝑣0 𝑡
2
1
⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑡 2 + 𝑣0 𝑡
2
36 (a) Using relation, 𝑣 2 = 𝑣02 + 2𝑎𝑥
or 𝑣 2 = 2𝑎𝑥
[∵ 𝑣0 = 0]
∴ 𝑣 = √2𝑎𝑥
37 (a) Using relation,
1
𝑥 = 𝑥0 + 𝑣0 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
1
= 3 + × 4 × (3)2
2
= +21 m
1
38 (b) Body is initially at rest, 𝑢 = 0 The displacement of particle is given as 𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 2 𝑎𝑡 2
Substituting 𝑢 = 0 in Eq. (i), we get
1
𝑠 = 𝑎𝑡 2
2
Given,
𝑡2 = 6𝑠
𝑠
𝑠1 = , 𝑠2 = 𝑠
9
where, 𝑠 is the total distance covered by body, so from Eq. (ii), we get
𝑠 1
𝑡1 = √ × 𝑡2 = × 6 = 2𝑠
9 3
39 (b) As, 𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡
𝑣−𝑢
From Eq. (i), 𝑎 = 𝑡
25 − 15 10
⇒ 𝑎= = = 2 ms−2
5 5
Now, velocity at 4 s, before the given instant is given as
𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡
⇒ 15 = 𝑢 + (2)(4)
⇒ 𝑢 = 7 ms−1
40 (b) The distance covered in 𝑛th second is given by
𝑎
𝑠𝑛 = 𝑢 + (2𝑛 − 1)
2
For 𝑛 = 3 s, 𝑠3 = 6 m, we get
𝑎 5𝑎
6 = 𝑢 + (2 × 3 − 1) = 𝑢 +
2 2
Similarly for distance of 12 m in 6 th second,
𝑎
12 = 𝑢 + (12 − 1)
2
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 30

5𝑎 11𝑎
6− = 12 −
2 2
6
⇒ 𝑎 = × 2 = 2 ms−2
6
5𝑎 10
and 𝑢 = 6 − =6− = 1 ms−1
2 2
Distance travelled in next 3 s,
𝑠 = 𝑠9 − 𝑠6
1
= (𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2 )
2 𝑡=9𝑠
1 2
− (𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 )
2 𝑡=6 s
1
⇒ 𝑠 = (1 × 9 + × 2 × 81)
2
1
− (1 × 6 + × 2 × 36)
2
⇒ 𝑠 = 90 − 42 = 48 cm
41 (d) In first situation,
𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 − 2𝑎𝑠
⇒ 0 = (10)2 − 2 × 𝑎 × 20
5
∴ 𝑎 = m/s2
2
In second situation,
𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 − 2𝑎𝑠
5
⇒ 0 = (30)2 − 2 × × 𝑠
2
30 × 30
∴ 𝑠= = 180 m
5
𝑣−𝑢 5−0 1
42 (b) 𝑎 = = = m/s2
𝑡 10 2
Now, displacement of the body in last 2 s,
𝑠 = 𝑠10 − 𝑠8
1 1
= × 𝑎 × (10)2 − × 𝑎 × (8)2
2 2
1 1 1 1
= × × (10)2 − × × (8)2
2 2 2 2
= 25 − 16 = 9 m
43 (c) For first body,
𝑢 = 0, 𝑠 = 𝑥, 𝑡 = 𝑡1
1
∴ 𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡1 + 𝑔𝑡12
2
1 2
𝑥 = 0 + 𝑔𝑡1
2
2𝑥
𝑡1 = √
𝑔
For second body,

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 31

𝑢 = 0, 𝑠 = 𝑦, 𝑡 = 𝑡2
1
∴ 𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡2 + 𝑔𝑡22
2
1 2
𝑦 = 0 + 𝑔𝑡2
2
2𝑦
𝑡2 =√
𝑔

𝑡1 2𝑥 𝑔
∵ =√ × = √𝑥: √𝑦
𝑡2 𝑔 2𝑦
44 (d) The equations of motion are
𝑣 = 9.8𝑡 ms−1 ( using 𝑣 = 𝑣0 + 𝑎𝑡)
1
𝑦 = × (9.8) × 𝑡 2 m = 4.9𝑡 2 m
2
( using 𝑦 = 𝑣0 𝑡 + 1/2𝑎𝑡 2 )
𝑣 2 = 2 × (9.8) × 𝑦
= 19.6𝑦 m2 s −2
45 (a) The given situation can be shown below as

At maximum height, 𝑣 = final velocity = 0 ms−1

𝑣0 = initial velocity = 10 ms −1 , 𝑎 = −𝑔 = −10 ms −2
Using the relation,
𝑣 2 = 𝑣02 + 2𝑔ℎ
or (0)2 = (10)2 + 2 × (−10) × ℎ
−100
or ℎ = −20 = 5 m
∴ Maximum height above ground
= (100 + 5)𝑚 = 105 m
46 (c) Time taken to reach the maximum height,

If 𝑡2 is the time taken to hit the ground, then

1
−𝐻 = 𝑢𝑡2 − 𝑔𝑡22
2
But 𝑡2 = 𝑛𝑡1 (Given)
𝑛𝑢 1 𝑛2 𝑢2
So, −𝐻 = 𝑢 𝑔
− 2 𝑔 𝑔2
2 2 2
𝑛𝑢 1𝑛 𝑢
⇒ −𝐻 = −
𝑔 2 𝑔
2
⇒ 2𝑔𝐻 = 𝑛𝑢 (𝑛 − 2)
47 (a) For first stone,
Taking the vertical upward motion of the stone upto highest point.

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∴ (0)2 − 𝑢12 = 2(−𝑔)ℎ1

𝑢12
or ℎ1 = (𝑖)
2𝑔
For second stone,
Taking the vertical upward motion of the second stone upto highest point.
∴ (0)2 − 𝑢22 = 2(−𝑔)ℎ2
𝑢22 (𝑖𝑖)
or ℎ2 =
2𝑔
Subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i), we get
𝑢12 𝑢22
∵ ℎ1 − ℎ2 = −
2𝑔 2𝑔
𝑢1
∵ 𝑢2 =
2
𝑢12 𝑢12 3𝑢12
∴ 15 = − =
2𝑔 8𝑔 8𝑔
15 × 8𝑔 15 × 8 × 10
or 𝑢12 = = = 400
3 3
or 𝑢1 = 20 ms −1
𝑢1
and 𝑢2 = = 10 ms −1
2
48 (b) Distance covered in first 5 s,
1 1
ℎ1 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2 = 0 + 𝑎(5)2
2 2
25𝑎
⇒ ℎ1 =
2
Distance covered in first 10 s,
1 100𝑎
𝑠2 = 0 + 𝑎(10)2 =
2 2
So, distance covered in second 5 s,
75𝑎
ℎ2 = 𝑠2 − ℎ1 = (𝑖𝑖)
2
Distance covered in first 15 s,
1 225𝑎
𝑠3 = 0 + 𝑎(15)2 =
2 2
So, distance covered in last 5 s,
125𝑎
ℎ3 = 𝑠3 − 𝑠2 = (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
2
Using Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
ℎ1 ℎ2 ℎ3
= =
25𝑎 75𝑎 125𝑎
2 2 2
ℎ2 ℎ3
⇒ ℎ1 = =
3 5
49 (a) Since, initial velocity is zero (𝑣0 = 0).
We have, 𝑦 = −(1/2)𝑔𝜏 2
For missing term 𝐴,

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 33

Time interval = 3𝜏
1 1
𝑦 = − × 𝑔 × (3𝜏)2 = −9 ( 𝑔𝜏 2 )
2 2
1 2
𝐴 = 𝑦 = +9𝑦0 [∵ 𝑦 = − 𝑔𝜏 ]
2
For 𝑡 = 5𝜏, using Eq. (i),
1
𝑦1 = − × 𝑔 × (5𝜏)2 = 25𝑦0
2
For 𝑡 = 6𝜏,
1
𝑦2 = − × 𝑔 × (6𝜏)2 = 36𝑦0
2
∴ 𝐵 = 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 = 36𝑦0 − 25𝑦0
= 11𝑦0
50 (a)
𝑠 = 𝑣0 𝑡𝑟 + (1/2)𝑎𝑡𝑟2
= 20 × 2 + (1/2)4 × (2)2
= 40 + (2)(2)2 = 48 m
51 (c) The stopping distance is given by
𝑢2
𝑑𝑠 = −
2𝑎
⇒ 𝑑𝑠 ∝ 𝑢2
𝑑𝑠 𝑢1 2 54 2 1 2
∴ 1=( ) =( ) =( )
𝑑𝑠2 𝑢2 108 2
∴ 𝑑𝑠2 = 4𝑑𝑠1 = 4 × 10 = 40 m
52 (a) The distance travelled 𝑑 and the reaction time 𝑡𝑟 are related by
1 2𝑑
𝑑 = 𝑔𝑡𝑟2 or 𝑡𝑟 = √
2 𝑔

2 × 0.21
or 𝑡𝑟 = √ ≈ 0.2 s
9.8
53 (a) According to given situation, we observe that the car is speeding up from origin to 𝑡 = 10 s, so 𝑥-t graph has a
curve with increasing slope. It is in uniform motion only between 𝑡 = 10 s and 𝑡 = 18 s. So, for 𝑡 = 10 s and
𝑡 = 18 s, the graph must be a straight line inclined to time axis as shown below

At 𝑡 = 20 s, the car stops at position 𝑥 = 296 m and hence the 𝑥-t graph from 𝑡 = 20 s onwards must be a
straight line parallel to time axis.
From 𝑡 = 18 s to 𝑡 = 20 s, the car slows down by applying brakes. So, the curve has decreasing slope between
this interval.
54 (d)

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∴ Displacement of particle = Area of triangle OPA + Area of rectangle 𝐹𝑆𝐵𝐴 + Area of rectangle QBCR
1
= ( × 2 × 2) + (2 × 2) + 3 × 1
2
=2+4+3=9m
56 (d) From the given graph, for 0 < 𝑡 < 1𝑠, slope of 𝑥-t graph is decreasing, this implies 𝑣 (velocity) is decreasing.
For 1 s < 𝑡 < 2 s, slope of 𝑥 − 𝑡 graph is increasing, this implies 𝑣 is increasing.
58 (b) Given, 𝑥2 = 27.4 m, 𝑥1 = 10 m,
𝑡2 = 7 s and 𝑡1 = 5 s
Average velocity between 5 s and 7𝑠 is
𝑥2 − 𝑥1
𝑣‾ =
𝑡2 − 𝑡1
27.4 − 10
=
7−5
17.4
= = 8.7 ms−1
2
59 (a) As slope = tan 𝜃
The ratio of velocities,
𝑣𝐴2 : 𝑣𝐵2 = tan2 𝜃𝐴 : tan2 𝜃𝐵
= tan2 30∘ : tan2 45∘
1
= : 1 = 1: 3
3
61 (a)

At 𝑡 = 𝑡1 , the tangent is parallel to time axis as shown above and hence, its slope is zero. Thus, instantaneous
velocity at 𝑡 = 𝑡1 is zero.
62 (d) For negative direction, the velocity must be negative throughout the journey.
So, for negative acceleration, the correct graph is shown in graph (d).
64 (b) If velocity versus time graph is a straight line with negative slope, then acceleration is constant and negative.
1
With a negative slope distance-time graph will be parabolic (𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 − 2 𝑎𝑡 2 ).
So, option (b) will be incorrect.
65 (a) A particle thrown upward is an example of motion under gravity. Throughout, the motion of the particle,
acceleration due to gravity acts downward, i.e. in 𝑦-direction, so 𝑎 = −𝑔 = constant. Since, acceleration is negative,
slope of 𝑣 - 𝑡 graph must be negative.
At highest point, the velocity becomes zero. After that, the particle moves downward with negative velocity as
shown below.

66 (b) For uniformly decelerated motion,

𝑎 = −𝑘
𝑑𝑣
⇒ = −𝑘 ⇒ 2𝑥 + 𝑣 = 4
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣
⇒ ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = − ∫ 𝑘𝑑𝑡 ⇒ = −2
𝑑𝑥

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 35

⇒𝑣 = −𝑘𝑡
𝑑𝑥
⇒ = −𝑘𝑡
𝑑𝑡
⇒ ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = − ∫ 𝑘𝑡𝑑𝑡
1
∴𝑥 = − 𝑘𝑡 2
2
∴ 𝑥 - 𝑡 graph is a parabola opening in downward direction.
67(a) The given 𝑣-t graph is

For the region 𝐴𝐵, 𝑎 = Slope of

𝐴𝐵 = +ve
For the region 𝐵𝐶, 𝑎 = Slope of
𝐵𝐶 = −ve
∴ Option (a) is the correct answer.
68 (a) The maximum speed of the particle is up to 2𝑠 due to its positive acceleration.
∴ 𝑣max = Area of 𝑎 − 𝑡 graph upto 2 s
1
= 10 × 1.5 + (2 − 1.5) × 10
2
= 17.5 m/s
69 (b) For the region 𝐴𝐵, the graph is parabola.
∴ 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑡 2
𝑑𝑥
∵ 𝑣= = 2𝑘𝑡
𝑑𝑡
∴ Acceleration,
𝑑𝑣
𝑎= = 2𝑘 = Constant
𝑑𝑡
Hence, the particle is moving with constant acceleration in the region of 𝐴𝐵.
70 (d) We know that, acceleration,
𝑣𝑑𝑣
𝑎= (𝑖)
𝑑𝑥
From the graph, we have
𝑥 𝑣
+ =1
2 4
From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
𝑎 = (4 − 2𝑥)(−2) = −8 + 4𝑥
⇒ 𝑎 = 4𝑥 − 8
71 (d) Since, the particle starts from rest, this means, initial velocity, 𝑢 = 0.
Also, it moves with uniform acceleration along positive 𝑋-axis. This means, its acceleration (a) is constant.
∴ Given, 𝑎 − 𝑡 graph in (A) is correct.
As we know, for velocity-time graph,
slope = acceleration.
Since, the given 𝑣-t graph in (B) represents that its slope is constant and non-zero.
∴ Graph in (B) is also correct.
Also, the displacement of such a particle with respect to time is given by

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 36

1
𝑥 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
1 2
= 0 + 𝑎𝑡
2
⇒ 𝑥 ∝ 𝑡2
So, 𝑥 versus 𝑡 graph would be a parabola with starting from origin. This is correctly represented in displacement-
time graph given in (D).
72 (a) Average acceleration for different time intervals is the slope of 𝑣-t graph, which is as follows For 0 − 10 s,
(24 − 0)ms −1
𝑎‾ = = 2.4 ms −2
(10 − 0)s
For 10 s − 18 s,
(24 − 24)ms −1
𝑎‾ = = 0 ms−2
(18 − 10)s
For 18 s − 20 s,
(0 − 24)ms−1
𝑎‾ = = −12 ms−2
(20 − 18)s
So, the corresponding a - 𝑡 graph for the given 𝑣 - 𝑡 graph is as follows

73 (a) For 𝑡 = 0 s to 𝑡 = 2𝑠; 𝑎 is positive, i.e. 𝑎 > 0.

So, 𝑣 − 𝑡 graph will be a straight line with positive slope.
For 𝑡 = 2 s to 𝑡 = 4 s, 𝑎 is negative, i.e. (𝑎 < 0). So, 𝑣 - 𝑡 graph will be a straight line with negative slope.
Complete 𝑣 - 𝑡 graph will be as below.

Also, 𝑣 = Area under 𝑎 − 𝑡 graph for 𝑡 = 0 s to 𝑡 = 2 s

=3×2
⇒ 𝑣 = 6 ms−1 , which is the maximum velocity attained.
75 (b) For negative acceleration, the slope of the graph must be negative.
For positive direction, velocity must be positive, so graph (b) is correct.
76 (c) The object is moving in positive direction till time 𝑡 = 0 to 𝑡 = 𝑡1 and at 𝑡 = 𝑡1 , we find that the velocity
becomes negative, i.e. the object changes its direction at 𝑡 = 𝑡1 and continues to move in negative direction.
77 (a) Slope of the 𝑣 - 𝑡 graph gives the value of constant acceleration.
So, in the given graph as shown below

𝛽 > 𝛼 ⇒ tan 𝛽 > tan 𝛼

Hence, 𝑎𝐴 > 𝑎𝐵

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 37

78 (d) For uniform velocity,

𝑥𝐴 (𝑡) = 𝑥𝐴 (0) + 𝑣𝐴 𝑡
and 𝑥𝐵 (𝑡) = 𝑥𝐵 (0) + 𝑣𝐵 𝑡
∴ The displacement from object 𝐴 to object 𝐵 is given by
𝑥𝐵𝐴 (𝑡) = 𝑥𝐵 (𝑡) − 𝑥𝐴 (𝑡)
= [𝑥𝐵 (0) − 𝑥𝐴 (0)] + (𝑣𝐵 − 𝑣𝐴 )𝑡
79 (a) If 𝑣𝐵𝐴 or 𝑣𝐴𝐵 is zero, then 𝑣𝐴 = 𝑣𝐵 as 𝑣𝐴𝐵 = 𝑣𝐵𝐴 = |𝑣𝐴 − 𝑣𝐵 |.
For uniform motion, the position-time graph will be straight lines parallel to each other and inclined to time axis
as shown below for given situation.

80 (d) Case I If particles are moving in same direction.

𝑣𝐴𝐵 = 𝑣𝐴 − 𝑣𝐵 = 0
⇒ 𝑣𝐴 = 𝑣𝐵
(𝑖𝑖)
Also, 𝑣𝐵𝐴 = 𝑣𝐵 − 𝑣𝐴 = 0
⇒ 𝑣𝐵 = 𝑣𝐴
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
𝐴 and 𝐵 must be moving in same direction as (𝑣𝐴 = 𝑣𝐵 ).
Case II If particles are moving in opposite direction,
i.e. 𝑣𝐴 = −𝑣𝐵
𝑣𝐴𝐵 = 𝑣𝐴 − 𝑣𝐵 = −𝑣𝐵 − 𝑣𝐵 = −2𝑣𝐵
|𝑣𝐴𝐵 | = 2|𝑣𝐵 | = 2|𝑣𝐴 |
Also, 𝑣𝐵𝐴 = 𝑣𝐵 − 𝑣𝐴 = 𝑣𝐵 − (−𝑣𝐵 )
= 2𝑣𝐵
|𝑣𝐵𝐴 | = 2|𝑣𝐵 | = 2|𝑣𝐴 |
Hence, for motion in opposite direction, the magnitude of 𝑣𝐵𝐴 or 𝑣𝐴𝐵 is twice than the magnitude of velocity of
𝐴 or that of 𝐵.
81 (d) If 𝑣𝐴 > 𝑣𝐵 , then 𝑣𝐵𝐴 = 𝑣𝐵 − 𝑣𝐴 will be negative and 𝑣𝐴𝐵 = 𝑣𝐴 − 𝑣𝐵 will be positive.
The 𝑥 - 𝑡 graph thus plotted for 𝐴 and 𝐵 is as shown below in which object 𝐴 overtakes object 𝐵 at time 𝑡 = 3 s.
From graph, it can be concluded that, one graph is steeper than the other and they meet at a common point.

82 (c) Ratio of time when trains move in same direction with time when trains move in opposite direction is
𝑙1 + 𝑙2
𝑡1 (|𝑣1 − 𝑣2 |) |𝑣1 + 𝑣2 |
= =
𝑡2 ( 𝑙1 + 𝑙2 ) |𝑣1 − 𝑣2 |
|𝑣1 + 𝑣2 |
where 𝑙1 + 𝑙2 = sum of lengths of trains which is same as distance covered by trains to cross each other.
𝑡 80+30 110 11
So, 𝑡1 = 80−30 = 50 = 5
2
83 (a) Let south to north direction be positive.
Velocity of car, 𝑣𝐶 = −20 ms−1
Velocity of person, 𝑣𝑃 = +10 ms −1

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 2. Motion in a Straight Line | 38

∵ 𝑣𝐶𝑃 = 𝑣𝐶 − 𝑣𝑃
= (−20) − (10)
= −30 ms−1
84 (a) For the ball 𝐴, the final velocity at time 𝑡 is
𝑣𝐴 = 𝑣1 − 𝑔𝑡
For the ball 𝐵, the final velocity at time 𝑡 is
𝑣𝐵 = 0 + 𝑔𝑡 = 𝑔𝑡
∴ The relative velocity of ball 𝐴 with respect to ball 𝐵 is
𝑣𝐴𝐵 = 𝑣𝐴 − (−𝑣𝐵 ) = 𝑣𝐴 + 𝑣𝐵
= 𝑣1 − 𝑔𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 = 𝑣1
85 (b) The relative speed of scooter with respect to bus is
𝑣𝑠𝑏 = 𝑣𝑠 − 𝑣𝑏 = 𝑣𝑠 − 12
Now, 𝑑 = 𝑣𝑠𝑏 ⋅ 𝑡
⇒ 1000 = (𝑣𝑠 − 12) × 120
1000
∴ 𝑣𝑠 = + 12
120
= 20.33 m/s

Assertion and Reason Questions

4 (d) If the direction of motion is changing (such as in uniform circular motion), its velocity changes and thus
acceleration is produced in the body moving uniformly.
5 (a) The 𝑥 − 𝑡, 𝑣 − 𝑡 and 𝑎 − 𝑡 graphs will be smooth, which means that physically, the values of acceleration and
velocity cannot change abruptly as changes are always continuous.
6 (c) When a particle is released from rest position under gravity, then 𝑣 = 0 at initial point but 𝑎 = 𝑔, i.e. 𝑎 ≠ 0.
8 (a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. As both the balls of
different masses falls under the effect of gravity, which is independent of mass.
9 (b) A body having negative acceleration can be associated with a speeding up, if object moves along negative 𝑥-
direction with speed.
10 (c) When objects 𝐴 and 𝐵 move in opposite direction, then relative velocity of object 𝐵 w.r.t. object 𝐴 will be 𝑣𝐵𝐴 =
𝑣𝐵 + 𝑣𝐴 .

Statement Based Questions

1 (b) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect. An object is said to be in uniform motion if it undergoes equal
displacement in equal interval of time.
2 (b) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.
Change in the direction of the velocity also produces acceleration as in the case of circular motion. The change in
magnitude or direction of the velocity or both can produce acceleration.
3 (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect. If the position-time graph of a body moving uniformly in a straight
line is parallel to position axis, it means that the position of body changing with constant time, which is absurd and
shows that the velocity of the body is infinite.
4 (c) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct. The displacement is the shortest distance between initial and
final position. When final position of a body coincides with its initial position, displacement is zero, but distance
travelled is not zero.
5 (c) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct. If acceleration of a car is equal to 𝑔 that does not mean car is
falling freely. When a body falling freely only gravitational force acts on it in vertically downward direction. Due to this
downward acceleration, the velocity of a body increases and will be maximum when the body touches the ground.

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 39

6 (d) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct. For a given interval of time, the body in motion may go from one
position to another through different paths, where displacement in a given time has one value but distance travelled
can have many values.
1
7 (d) As, 𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2 , 𝑠 has quadratic dependence on time, when object moves with constant acceleration, the 𝑥-t
2
graph is parabolic in nature.
8 (c) Statement I is incorrect as reaction time is the time a person takes to observe, think and act. For example, a person
is driving vehicle, suddenly a child appears on the road, then the time elapsed before he applies the brakes, is called
reaction time. So, lower the reaction time, more will be the road safety.
Statement II is correct as
𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠
𝑣 2 − 𝑢2
𝑎𝑠 =
2
1
Δ𝐾 = 𝑚(𝑣 2 − 𝑢2 )
2
∴ Δ𝐾 = mas,
So, Area of acceleration displacement graph, Δ𝐾/𝑚

Matching Type Questions

1 (a) A. Displacement of the car in moving from 𝑂 to 𝑃 is
Δ𝑥 = 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 = (+360𝑚) − 0𝑚 = +360 m
B. Path length of the car in moving from 𝑂 to 𝑅 is 120 m, as path length is the total distance traversed
by the car from 𝑂 to 𝑅.
C. For the motion of the car from 𝑂 to 𝑃 and back to 𝑄. Path length
= (+360 m) + (+120 m)
= +480 m
D. In the above case, displacement = (+240 m) − (0 m) = +240 m
2 (b) ln 𝑥 − 𝑡 graph,
𝑂𝐴 → Positive slope → Positive Velocity
𝐴𝐵 → Negative slope → Negative velocity
𝐵𝐶 → Zero slope → Object at rest

At point 𝐴, there is a change in sign of velocity, hence the direction of motion must have changed at 𝐴.
3 (b) Given, 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑎 − 𝑏𝑡 2 , 𝑎 = 8.5 m and 𝑏 = 2.5 ms−2
∴ 𝑥(𝑡) = 8.5 − 2.5𝑡 2
𝑑𝑥
Velocity of object = = −2𝑏𝑡
𝑑𝑡
A. Velocity at
𝑑𝑥
𝑡 = 2.0 s = | = −4𝑏
𝑑𝑡 𝑡=2
= −4 × 2.5 = −10 ms−1
B. Velocity at
𝑑𝑥
𝑡 = 0𝑠 = | = 0 ms−1
𝑑𝑡 𝑡=0
C. Instantaneous speed at 𝑡 = 2 s = Magnitude of velocity

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 40

= |−10 ms−1 | = 10 ms−1

D. Average velocity
𝑥(𝑡2 ) − 𝑥(𝑡1 ) 𝑥(4) − 𝑥(2)
= =
𝑡2 − 𝑡1 4−2
[𝑎 − 𝑏(4)2 ] − [𝑎 − 𝑏(2)2 ]
=
2
= −6𝑏 = −15 ms −1
4 (c) A. Distance of the object between 𝑡 = 0 s to 𝑡 = 2 s.
= Area under 𝑣-t graph
1
= ×2×4 = 4m
2
B. 𝑎 = slope of graph
0−4
= = −2 m/s 2
2−0
C. For 𝑡 = 0 s to 𝑡 = 4 s,
Displacement = Area under 𝑣 − 𝑡 curve 𝑡 = 0 s to 𝑡 = 2𝑠 + Area under 𝑣 − 𝑡 curve ( 𝑡 = 2 s to 𝑡 = 4 s )
1 1
= × 2 × 4 + × 2 × (−4)
2 2
= 4 m + (−4 m) = 0
D. For 𝑡 = 0 s to 𝑡 = 4 s,
Distance covered = Area under
𝑣 - 𝑡 curve
considering all areas as positive.
= Area under 𝑣 - 𝑡 curve
(𝑡 = 0 s to 𝑡 = 2 s)
+ Area under 𝑣 − 𝑡 curve
(𝑡 = 2 s to 𝑡 = 4 s)
=4m+4m =8m
5 (d) A. or 𝑡 = 0 s to 𝑡 = 2 s, the motion is in positive direction as the velocity is positive and the acceleration is
positive, since the slope of the straight line is positive.
B. For 𝑡 = 2 s to 𝑡 = 4 s, the object is moving in positive direction, till time 𝑡1 = 2 s, and then turns back with
the same negative acceleration till 𝑡 = 4 s.
C. For 𝑡 = 4 s to 𝑡 = 6 s, the object is moving in negative direction, since the velocity is negative. The
acceleration is positive, since the slope of the straight line is positive.
D. Displacement for overall journey ( 𝑡 = 0 s to 𝑡 = 6 s ) = Total area under 𝑣 − 𝑡 graph considering the area
below time axis as negative = [ Area under 𝑣 - 𝑡 curve for 𝑡 = 0 to 𝑡 = 3 s ] + [Area under 𝑣 - 𝑡 curve for 𝑡 = 3 s
to 𝑡 = 6 s] = Area of triangle (𝑂𝐴𝐵) + Area of triangle (𝐵𝐶𝐷)
1 1
= × 3 × 5 + × 3 × (−5) = 0
2 2

Numerical Type Questions

2 (18) Let total distance 𝐴𝐵 is 𝑙.
𝑙
𝑣av =
𝑙 𝑙 𝑙 1
(𝑣 + 𝑣 + 𝑣 ) 3
3 2 1

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 41

3
=
1 1 1
(𝑣 + 𝑣 + 𝑣 )
1 2 3
3
= = 18 m/s
1 1 1
+
11 22 33 +
3 (29)
Given, 𝑠 = 3.5𝑡 2 + 𝑡
𝑑𝑠
𝑣= = 7𝑡 + 1
𝑑𝑡
Speed at 𝑡 = 4𝑠
𝑣 = 7 × 4 + 1 = 29 ms−1
4 (4)
For the first situation,
Speed of car, 𝑢1 = 100 km/h
250
= m/s
9
After applying brake, distance travelled, 𝑠1 = 16 m
For the second situation,
125
𝑢2 = m/s
9
We know that,
𝑢2
𝑠=
2𝑎
⇒ 𝑠 ∝ 𝑢2
𝑠2 𝑢2 2 125/9 2
∵ =( ) =( )
𝑠1 𝑢1 250/9
𝑠1 16
⇒ 𝑠2 = = =4m
4 4
5 (3)
𝑢
Let initial velocity of bullet = 𝑢 Final velocity of bullet = 3
Distance travelled by bullet, 𝑠 = 8 cm
Using 𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠
𝑢2
⇒ 𝑎=
18
By equation of motion,
𝑢2
𝑢2 = 2 [ ] (6 + 𝑥)
18
𝑢2
(∵ 𝑣 = 0, 𝑎 = , 𝑠 = 6 + 𝑥)
18
∴ 𝑥=3

6 (5)
Let 𝑢 be the initial velocity.
Time taken by ball to reach highest point,
𝑢
𝑡 = 𝑔 ( as final velocity at top = 0)
1
Frequency of throw, 𝑛 = 𝑡

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 42

𝑔
⇒ 3= (∵ 𝑛 = 3)
𝑢
𝑔
⇒ 𝑢=
3
The maximum height the balls can reach,
𝑔 2
𝑢2 ( 3 ) 𝑔
𝐻max = = =
2𝑔 2𝑔 18
9 × 10
= =5m
18
7 (10)
Using equation of motion,
𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑔ℎ
𝑔
⇒ ℎ = [∵ 𝑣 = 𝑔, 𝑢 = 0]
2
So, required height
𝑔
= 20 − ℎ = 20 − = 10 m
2
8 (80)
For object, using equation of motion,
1
ℎ = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
1
⇒ 60 = −5𝑡 + × 10 × 𝑡 2
2
⇒ 𝑡=4s
Height of ball,
𝐻 = 𝑢𝑡 + 60
= (5 × 4) + 60 = 80 m
9 (8)
1
Using 𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 2 𝑎𝑡 2
1
⇒ 𝑠 = 0 × 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2 [∵ 𝑢 = 0]
2
⇒ 200 = 𝑔𝑡 2 [∵ 𝑠 = 100 m]
1
In last 𝑠 body travel a distance of 19 m.
2
1
So in (𝑡 − 2) s, distance travelled is 81 m.
1 1 2
Now, 2
𝑔 (𝑡 − 2) = 81
1 81 × 2
⇒ (𝑡 − ) = √
2 𝑔
1 1
2
= (√200 − √81 × 2)
Using Eq. (i), we get √𝑔
2
⇒ 𝑔 = 8 m/s
10 (10) 𝑠𝐵𝐴 = 𝑢𝐵𝐴 × 𝑡
= (𝑢𝐵 − 𝑢𝐴 )𝑡
20
= (70 − 40) = 10 km
60

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 43

NCERT Exemplar Questions

1 (b) In graph (b), for one value of displacement, there are two different points of time. Hence, for one time, the
average velocity is positive and for other time, it is negative.
As there are opposite velocities in the interval 0 to 𝑇, hence average velocity can vanish in (b). This can be seen in the
figure below.

2 (a) As the lift is coming in downward direction, displacement will be negative, i.e. 𝑥 < 0. When the lift reaches 4th
floor, it is about to stop and hence, motion is retarding in nature, hence 𝑎 > 0.
As displacement is in negative direction, so velocity will also be negative, i.e. 𝑣 < 0. This can be shown in the graph
below.

3 (b) For maximum and minimum displacement, we have to keep in mind the magnitude and direction of maximum
velocity. As maximum velocity in positive direction is 𝑣0 , maximum velocity in opposite direction is also 𝑣0 with
negative sign. Maximum displacement in one direction = 𝑣0 𝑇
Maximum displacement in opposite directions = −𝑣0 𝑇 Hence, −𝑣0 𝑇 < 𝑥 < 𝑣0 𝑇.
𝑙/2 𝑙
4 (c) Time taken to travel first half distance, 𝑡1 = 𝑣1
= 2𝑣
1
𝑙
Time taken to travel second half distance, 𝑡2 = 2𝑣
2
Total time = 𝑡1 + 𝑡2
𝑙 1 1
= [ + ]
2 𝑣1 𝑣2
We know that,
Total distance
𝑣av =
Total time
𝑙 2𝑣1 𝑣2
= =
𝑙 1 1 𝑣1 + 𝑣2
+
2 [𝑣1 𝑣2 ]

5 (b) Given, 𝑥 = (𝑡 − 2)2

𝑑𝑥 𝑑
𝑣= = (𝑡 − 2)2 = 2(𝑡 − 2)ms−1
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣 𝑑
𝑎= = [2(𝑡 − 2)]
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
= 2[1 − 0] = 2 ms −2
𝑡 = 2 s; 𝑣 = 0 ms −1
𝑡 = 4 s; 𝑣 = 4 ms −1

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 44

- 𝑡 graph for these values is shown below.

Distance travelled = Area of the graph

= Area OAC + Area 𝐴𝐵𝐷
1 1
= ×4×2+ ×2×4=8m
2 2
6 (c) Let displacement is 𝐿, then
𝐿
Velocity of girl, 𝑣𝑔 =
𝑡1
𝐿
Velocity of escalator, 𝑣𝑒 =
𝑡2
Net velocity of the girl
= 𝑣𝑔 + 𝑣𝑒
If 𝑡 is total time taken in covering distance 𝐿, then
𝐿 𝐿 𝐿
= +
𝑡 𝑡1 𝑡2
𝑡1 𝑡2
⇒ 𝑡=
𝑡1 + 𝑡2
8 (d) Given, 𝑥 = 𝑡 − sin 𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑑
Velocity, 𝑣 = 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝑡 [𝑡 − sin 𝑡]
= 1 − cos 𝑡
Acceleration,
𝑑𝑣 𝑑
𝑎= = [1 − cos 𝑡] = sin 𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
As acceleration 𝑎 > 0 for all 𝑡 > 0
Hence, 𝑥(𝑡) > 0 for all 𝑡 > 0
Velocity, 𝑣 = 1 − cos 𝑡
𝑣max = 1 − (cos 𝑡)min = 1 − (−1) = 2
𝑣min = 1 − (cos 𝑡)max = 1 − 1 = 0
Hence, 𝑣 lies between 0 and 2 .
9 (a) Compared to velocity of trains (10 ms −1 ), speed of ball is less (1 ms−1 ). The speed of the ball before
collision with side of train is 10 + 1 = 11 ms−1 .
Speed after collision with the side of train = 10 − 1 = 9 ms −1
Since, the collision of the ball with side of train is perfectly elastic, so average speed of the ball over any 20 s
interval is constant or fixed as observed by observer on ground.
Since, the train is moving with constant velocity, hence it will act as inertial frame of reference like earth and
acceleration of ball will be same as from the train.

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 45

Past Exams Questions

1 (d) The given situation is shown below

𝑠1 = 24 cm
𝑢 2
⇒ ( ) = 𝑢2 − 2𝑎 × 0.24
3
8
⇒ 0.48𝑎 = 𝑢2 − 2𝑎𝑠1
9
8𝑢2 𝑢2
⇒ 𝑎= =
9 × 0.48 0.54
According to second condition,
0 = 𝑣12 − 2𝑎𝑠2
𝑢 2 𝑢2
⇒ 0 = ( ) −2× × 𝑠2
3 0.54
2 2
𝑢 2𝑢
⇒ = 𝑠
9 0.54 2
0.54
⇒ 𝑠2 = = 0.03 m = 3 cm
9×2
∴ Total length of the block
= 𝑠1 + 𝑠2
= 24 + 3 = 27 cm

2 (b) Maximum height attain by the ball,

𝑣2 42
ℎ′ = = = 0.8 m
2𝑔 2 × 10
Time of flight from bridge to bridge,
2𝑣 2 × 4
𝑡1 = = = 0.8 s
𝑔 10
Total time of flight is given as 4 s. Time taken by the ball to reach at the surface of water from highest point,
𝑡1 0.8
𝑡2 = 4 − = 4 − = 3.6 s
2 2
1
∴ ℎ = 0 × 𝑡2 + 𝑔𝑡22
2
1
ℎ = × 10 × (3.6)2 = 64.8 m
2
∴ Now, height of bridge above water surface, 𝐻 = ℎ − ℎ′ = 64.8 − 0.8 = 64 m
3 (b) Distance travelled by freely falling body in 𝑛th second,
1
𝑠𝑛 = 𝑢 + 𝑔(2𝑛 − 1)
2
1 𝑔
𝑠1 = 𝑔(2 × 1 − 1) =
2 2
1 3𝑔
𝑠2 = 𝑔(2 × 2 − 1) =
2 2
1 5𝑔
𝑠3 = 𝑔(2 × 3 − 1) =
2 2
1 7𝑔
𝑠4 = 𝑔(2 × 4 − 1) =
2 2
∴ 𝑠1 : 𝑠2 : 𝑠3 : 𝑠4 = 1: 3: 5: 7

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 46

4 (d) 𝑎 = 5 m/s 2
At 𝑡 = 4 s, 𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡
⇒ 𝑣 = 0 + (5)4 ⇒ 𝑣 = 20 m/s
At 𝑡 = 4 s,
𝑣𝑥 = 20 m/s (due to the car)
𝑎𝑦 = 𝑔 = 10 m/s2
∴ 𝑣𝑦 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑦 𝑡
⇒ 𝑣𝑦 = 0 + 10 × 2
⇒ 𝑣𝑦 = 20 m/s
The net velocity at 𝑡 = 6 s,
𝑣 = √𝑣𝑥2 + 𝑣𝑦2

⇒ 𝑣 = 20√2 m/s
Thus, the velocity of the ball at
𝑡 = 6 s is 20√2 m/s
and 𝑎𝑥 = 0 ms−2
𝑎𝑦 = 10 ms−2
Now, the net acceleration at 𝑡 = 6 s,
𝑎 = √𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑎𝑦2 ⇒ 𝑎 = 10 ms−2
𝑎
5 (b) Distance covered in 𝑛th seconds, 𝑠𝑛 = 0 + (2𝑛 − 1)
2
Distance cover in (𝑛 + 1) th seconds,
𝑎
𝑠𝑛+1 = 0 + (2𝑛 + 2 − 1)
2
𝑠𝑛 (2𝑛 − 1)
⇒ =
𝑠𝑛+1 (2𝑛 + 1)
1
6 (b) If 𝑢 be the velocity at the top most point of the window, ℎ = 𝑢𝑡 + 2 𝑔𝑡 2
1
⇒ 1.5 = 𝑢 × 0.1 + 2 × 10 × (0.1)2
14.5 m
⇒𝑢 =
s
𝑣 2 −𝑢2 (80)2 −(20)2
𝟕 (c) ℎ = 2𝑔
= 2×10
=300 m (∵ given, 𝑔 = 10 m/s 2 )
8 (d) Let ℎ be the height through which the coin is dropped.
1
Then, according to the equation of motion, ℎ = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
2ℎ
⇒ 𝑡=√ [∵ 𝑢 = 0]
𝑔
1
⇒ 𝑡∝
√𝑔
As the elevator is moving uniformly acceleration is zero.
∴ Relative acceleration of the lift when it is either moving upward or downward is given as, 𝑔′ = 𝑔 ± 𝑎
=𝑔±0=𝑔
Hence, the time for the coin to reach the floor will remain same, i.e. 𝑡1 = 𝑡2 .
ℎ
9 (c) Speed of walking = 𝑡 = 𝑣1
1
ℎ
Speed of escalator = 𝑡 = 𝑣2
2

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 47

Time taken when she walks over running escalator,

ℎ 𝑡1 𝑡2
𝑡= ⇒𝑡=
𝑣1 + 𝑣2 𝑡1 + 𝑡2
10 (b) 𝑣 = 𝐴𝑡 + 𝐵𝑡 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
⇒ = 𝐴𝑡 + 𝐵𝑡 2 [∵ 𝑣 = ]
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑥2 2
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (𝐴𝑡 + 𝐵𝑡 2 )𝑑𝑡
𝑥1 1
⇒ Δ𝑥 = 𝑥2 − 𝑥1
2 2
𝑡2 𝑡3
= 𝐴[ ] +𝐵[ ]
2 1 3 1
3𝐴 7𝐵
= +
2 3
𝑣𝐴 = 108 km/h = 30 m/s (𝑏)
𝑣𝐵 = 72 km/h = 20 m/s (𝑏)
Time taken to cross the tunnel by train 𝐵 - Time taken to cross the tunnel by train 𝐴 = 35 s
𝐿 + 4𝑙 𝐿 + 𝑙
⇒ − = 35
20 30
60𝑙 + 4𝑙 60𝑙 + 𝑙
⇒ − = 35
20 30
⇒ 𝑙 = 30 m
∴ Length of the tunnel,
𝐿 = 60𝑙 = 60 × 30 = 1800 m

12 (d) Distance travelled by the ball in first half.

1
ℎ1 = 𝑔𝑡12
2
ℎ 1 2
⇒ = 𝑔𝑡
2 2 1
⇒ ℎ = 𝑔𝑡12
𝑢=0

⋂ 𝑣𝑡1
ℎ
𝑛1 =
2
If 𝑣 be the velocity of ball after travelling distance ℎ1 , then
𝑣 = 𝑔𝑡1 (𝑖𝑖)
Distance travelled by the ball in second half,
1
ℎ2 = 𝑣𝑡2 + 𝑔𝑡22
2
ℎ 1
⇒ = 𝑔𝑡1 𝑡2 + 𝑔𝑡22
2 2
[From Eq. (ii)]
𝑔𝑡12 1
⇒ = 𝑔𝑡1 𝑡2 + 𝑔𝑡22
2 2
[From Eq. (i)]
⇒ 𝑡12 = 2𝑡1 𝑡2 + 𝑡22
⇒ 𝑡22 + 2𝑡1 𝑡2 − 𝑡12 = 0

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 48

−2𝑡1 ± √4𝑡12 + 4𝑡12

⇒ 𝑡2 =
2
⇒ 𝑡2 = −𝑡1 ± 𝑡1 √2
Taking + ve sign only.
𝑡2 = −𝑡1 + 𝑡1 √2 = 𝑡1 (−1 + √2)
⇒ 𝑡2 = 𝑡1 (√2 − 1)

13 (b) According to the question,

Let the two times be 𝑡1 and 𝑡2 respectively, while going up and coming down when they are at ℎ/3
height above ground.
Now, as given
𝑢2
𝐻max = ℎ =
2𝑔
(using 𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 − 2𝑔ℎ and 𝑣 = 0 at topmost point)
⇒ 𝑢 = √2𝑔ℎ
ℎ 1
∴ = √2𝑔ℎ𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 2
3 2
2
⇒ 3𝑔𝑡 − 6√2𝑔ℎ𝑡 + 2ℎ = 0
Now, using quadratic formula,
6√2𝑔ℎ − √72𝑔ℎ − 24𝑔ℎ
𝑡1 =
6𝑔
Similarly,
√2𝑔ℎ(6 + √24)
𝑡2 = (𝑖𝑖)
6𝑔
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
𝑡1 6 − √24
=
𝑡2 6 + √24
𝑡1 √3 − √2
⇒ =
𝑡2 √3 + √2

𝐿
14 (a) As velocity is given by, 𝑣 = 𝑇 and acceleration is given by,
𝐿
𝑎= 2
𝑇
𝑣2
So, length 𝐿 = 𝑎
Hence, length in second system is given by

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 49

𝒏 𝟐
𝒗𝟐𝟐 (𝒎𝟐 ⋅ 𝒗𝟏 )
𝑳𝟐 = = 𝒂𝟏
𝒂𝟐 (𝒎𝒏 )
𝒏𝟐 𝒗𝟐𝟏
⇒ 𝑳𝟐 = ( 𝟒 × 𝒎𝒏) ⋅
𝒎 𝒂𝟏
𝟑
𝒏
= 𝟑 ⋅ 𝑳𝟏
𝒎
Also, time in second system of units will be given by
𝑛
𝑣2 𝑚2 ⋅ 𝑣1 𝑛2 𝑣1
𝑇2 = = 𝑎 = ⋅
𝑎2 1 𝑚 𝑎1
𝑚𝑛
𝑛2
or 𝑇2 = ⋅𝑇
𝑚 1

15 (d) Let, 𝑡1 = time taken by first drop to reach the ground and 𝑡2 = time taken by second drop.
𝑡1
𝑡2 =
2
𝑡
𝐻 = 9.8 m|00 |𝑡2
1
Distance covered by second drop,
1
𝑥 = 𝑔𝑡22
2
1 1 2
∴ 𝑥 = × 9.8 × ( ) = 2.45𝑚
2 √2
Position of second drop from ground,
𝐻2 = 𝐻1 − 𝑥 = 9.8 − 2.45 = 7.35 m

Skill Boosters
1 (c) Displacement of the drunkard in first twelve steps = 7 − 5 = 2 m Time taken for first 12 steps = 12 s
Time taken by the drunkard to over first 6 m of journey,
12
𝑡1 = × 6 = 36 s
2
If the drunkard takes 7 steps more, he will fall into the pit.
So, time taken by the drunkard to cover last 7 steps = 7 s
∴ Total time taken = 36 + 7 = 43 s
Thus, the drunkard will fall into the pit after 43 s.

2 (d) Distance travelled by bike in 15 s

1
= × 𝐴𝐶 × 𝑂𝐶
2
1 675
= × 45 × 15 = m
2 2
Distance travelled by truck in 15 s
= 𝑣 × 𝑡 = 30 × 15 = 450 m
Required difference in distance,

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 50

675
= 450 −
2
225
= = 112.5 m
2
Let bike catches truck in time 𝑡, then distance travelled by both of them will be equal
675
+ 45(𝑡 − 15) = 30𝑡
2
⇒ 𝑡 = 22.5 s

3 (c) It is clear that car A gains constant velocity at 𝑡 = 95 s but car 𝐵 gains constant velocity at 𝑡 = 96 s Thus,
extra distance travelled by car 𝐴
= (100 − 95)50 = 250 m
and extra distance travelled by car 𝐵
= (100 − 96)50 + 20 × 1 = 220𝑚
∴ Δ𝑠 = 250 − 220 = 30 m
1500 2100
4 (d) The velocity of first particle is 𝑣1 = ms−1 and the velocity of second particle is 𝑣2 = ms−1 .
12 12
Let after completing 𝑛1 and 𝑛2 trips, they will again meet at the point 𝐵.
3600𝑛1 3600𝑛2
∴ = =𝑡
𝑣1 𝑣2
1500
𝑛 𝑣1
or 𝑛1 = 𝑣2
= 12
2100
2
12
1500 5
= =
2100 7
3600 × 5
∴ 𝑡min =
𝑣1
3600 × 5
= × 12
1500
= 144𝑠 = (12)𝑥
∴ 𝑥=2

5 (b) Let the distance between home and turning point 𝐶 is 𝑙. The distance between the coaching and home is
𝐿 = 20𝑣.
According to the problem,
𝑙 𝑙 𝑙 𝐿−𝑙
+ + +
𝑣 𝑣 𝑣 𝑣
= 20min + 8min + 10 min
2𝑙 𝐿
or + = 38 min
𝑣 𝑣
2𝑙 20𝑣
or 𝑣
+ 𝑣
= 38 min
2𝑙
or = 18 min
𝑣
𝑙
or 𝑣 = 9 min
𝑙 9𝑣 9
The fraction is 𝐿 = 20𝑣 = 20

6 (a) Let the two stones meet at time 𝑡.

For the first stone,

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 51

1
𝑠1 = 𝑔𝑡 2 (∵ 𝑢 = 0) (𝑖)
2
For the second stone,
1
𝑠2 = 𝑢(𝑡 − 𝑛) + 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑛)2 (𝑖𝑖)
2
Since, displacement is same.
1 1
∴ 𝑔𝑡 2 = 𝑢(𝑡 − 𝑛) + 𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑛)2
2 2
[using Eqs. (i) and (ii)]
1 1 1
⇒ 2 𝑔𝑡 2 = 𝑢𝑡 − 𝑢𝑛 + 2 𝑔𝑡 2 − 𝑔𝑡𝑛 + 2 𝑔𝑛2
1
⇒ 𝑢𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡𝑛 = 𝑢𝑛 − 𝑔𝑛2
2
1 2 𝑔𝑛
𝑢𝑛 − 𝑔𝑛 𝑛 (𝑢 − )
⇒𝑡= 2 = 2
𝑢 − 𝑔𝑛 𝑢 − 𝑔𝑛
Substituting this value of 𝑡 in Eq. (i), -we get
𝑔𝑛 2
1 𝑛 (𝑢 − 2 )
𝑠1 = 𝑔 [ ]
2 𝑢 − 𝑔𝑛

7 (b) If collision does not take place. The final velocities of both should be same.
30
∴ 𝑣𝑓 = 30 − 𝑡 = 30 − 3(𝑡 − 1)
7
21
⇒𝑡=−
9
The negative of 𝑡 indicates that both comes in rest before collision. The distance moved by bus 𝐵 before
coming in rest is
302
𝑠1 = 30 × 1 +
2×3
= 180 m
The distance moved by bus 𝐴 before coming in rest is
302 30 × 7
𝑠2 = = = 105 m
30 2
2× 7
∴ 𝑥1 = 𝑠1 − 𝑠2 = 180 − 105 = 75 m
30
For 𝑥2 , 𝑣𝑓 = 30 − 7 (𝑡 − 1) = 30 − 3𝑡
30 30 9 30
or 7
𝑡
− 7 = 3𝑡 or 7 𝑡 = 7
10
∴ 𝑡= s
3
The positive value of 𝑡 indicates that before collision, velocities of both buses are non-zero but same.
So, the distance moved by 𝐴 before collision is

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 52

10
𝑠1 = 30 × 1 + 30 × ( − 1)
3
2
1 30 10
− × ( − 1)
2 7 3
265
𝑠1 = m
3
10 1 10 2
𝑠2 = 30 × − ×3×( )
3 2 3
50 250
= 100 − =
3 3
265 250
𝑥2 = 𝑠1 − 𝑠2 = −
3 3
=5m
𝑥1 75
∵ = = 15
𝑥2 5

8 (c) 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is the velocity-time graph for the passenger train and ODE that of the local train.

Area 𝑂𝑀𝐵𝐴 = 8 km
and area 𝑀𝐶𝐵 = 2 km
100 18
∴ Area OMBA = ( 9 × 5 ) × 𝑂𝑀
= 8 km
1
∴ 𝑂𝑀 = h
5
1
and area 𝑀𝐶𝐵 = 𝑀𝐶 × 𝑀𝐵
2
= 2 km
1 100 18
or 2 𝑀𝐶 × ( 9 × 5 ) = 2 km
1
∴ 𝑀𝐶 = ℎ
10
∴ 𝑂𝐶 = 𝑂𝑀 + 𝑀𝐶
1 1 3
= + =
5 10 10
3 3
∴ 𝑂𝐸 = 2 × =
10 5
1
Area 𝑂𝐷𝐸 = 2 × 𝐷𝑁 × 𝑂𝐸
1 3
or 10 km = 𝑣0 ×
2 5
100
∴𝑣0 = km/h
3
∴ = 33.3 km/h

9 (d) Speed of belt w.r.t. ground

∴ 𝑣𝐵𝐺 = 4 km/h
Speed of child w.r.t. belt

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2. Motion in a Straight Line | 53

∴ 𝑣𝐶𝐵 = 9 km/h
For an observer on a stationary platform, a speed of child running in the direction of motion of the belt
is
𝑣𝐶𝐺 = 𝑣𝐶𝐵 + 𝑣𝐵𝐺
= 9 km/h + 4 km/h
= 13 km/h

10 (c) The situation is depicted as given below

For motion of ball 𝐴 relative to rocket.

Consider motion of two balls with respect to rocket.
Maximum distance of ball A from left wall,
𝑢2 0.3 × 0.3
𝑠= =
2𝑎 2×2
0.09
= ≈ 0.02 m
4
2
(𝑎𝑠, 0 = 𝑢 − 2𝑎𝑠)
So, collision of two balls will take place very near to left wall.

Motion of ball 𝐵 relative to rocket,

1
For ball 𝐵, 𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 2 𝑎𝑡 2
1
⇒ −4 = 0.2𝑡 − ( ) 2𝑡 2
2
⇒ 𝑡 2 − 0.2𝑡 − 4 = 0
0.2 ± √0.04 + 16
⇒ 𝑡=
2
⇒ 𝑡 ≃2s

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