Story of Development

Development
What Development Promises
Different people different goals
Different people conflicting goals
Income and
Other Goals
Criterion toCompare
Economic Development
of Countries
People desire regular work, better
wagesand decent price for their For comparing countries, their
crops or other products income is considered to be one
of the most important
Also seek equaltreatment.
attributes
freedom, security, respect of others Countries with higher income are
and resent discrimination more developed other the
countries with less income
Moneyor material things that one
For comparison we compare the
can buy with it, is one factor of life average income--the total
income of the country is divided
Quality of our life depends on by its population
non-material things
World Bank criterion
Facilities for your family, working countries per capita income
atmosphere or opportunity to learn 4,53,000 per annum (2004)
called rich countries
Hence, for development people
look at mix of goals With per capita income 37,000
or less called low income countries

India'sper capita income

was? 28,000 per annum
 Term-1
234 Social Science X: Public
Facilities
Income andother pocket cannot
Criterion Moneyin your services thatbuyie
gOods and
all the to live well
needed
capita
comparisonofper has
In Punjab completely
income ofstates,Bihar has Income is not
26,000/- and adequate indicator ofmaterial
57,000/- per capita services that
and
income respectively goods
citizens are able
to use
Punjab would be
In this case developed and
considered most cannot buy a
Biharleast developed e.g., Money
pollution free environment
that yOuget
comparison or ensure medicine and
unadulterated
But in another
mortality rate
of infant thousand able to protect
you
Punjab- 49 per thousand is notinfectious
from diseases
Kerala -11 per
thousand
Bihar -60per
mortality rate since
income Kerala has low provision of
This shows besides
adequate
important it hasbasic health and
allother goals are educational facilities

Sustainability of
Development
Human Development
Index (HDI) take place
Development shouldenvironment
Meant for comparison of
countries but without harming
basis
development on the following
Groundwater is under series
e.g., Overuse is
Life expectancy-average threat of overuse.
expected length of life of a found in aagriculturally
person at the time of birth prosperous regions of Punjab
rock
and Western UP, hard and
Gross enrolment ratio--enrolment areas of
plateau Central
secondary areas
ratio for primary school, beyond South India, some coastal
school and high education and the rapidly growing urban
secondary level settlements

income-calculated in Groundwater is an example of

Per capital
dollars for all countries so that renewable resource; it is
it can be compared replenished by nature as
in the case of crops and plants
177 countries are judged and it is
surprising that Sri Lanka, Consequences of environmental
a smaller country in our degradation do not respect
neighbourhood has a
better rank
national or state boundaries.
Our future is linked together
In development it is people, their
health, their well-being, that is Sustainability of development is a
most important new area of knowledge in which
scientists, economists,
philosophers and other social
scientists are working together
 Economics: Understanding Economic
VERY SHORT
Development-ll 235

eWhat,are the
ANSWER QUESTIONS (1 Mark)
Ans. Development development goals for
goals for landless rurallandless rural labourers?
better wages, local schools, who
their children and there
labourers
are able are more days of work and
to provide quality
should not be any social education for
oWhat can developmental goals be for discrimination.
Ans. Assured a high
family income prosperous farmers from Punjab?
and through hardworking and through higher support prices for their Crops
their children abroad, cheap labourers, they should be able to settle
What can common
Ans. Common developmental goals be for people?
standard ofdevelopmental
living. goals are regular work, better
wages and better
4. What is National income of the
Ans.
country?
The income of the country is the income of all
the residents of the country.
This gives us the total income of the
e5What is per Capita income? country, called national income.
Ans. When the total income of the country is divided by its
per capitaincome. populations, we get
What is Infant mortality rate?
Ans. It indicates the number of children that die before the age of one year as a
proportion of 1000live children born in that particular year.
0.7. What does literacy rate measure?
Ans. Literacy rate measures the proportion of literate populations in the seven
and above age grOup.
0.8. What is Net Attendance Ratio?
Ans. It is the total number of children of age group 6-10 attending schoolas a
percentage of total number of children in the same age group.
.9. Is it true that money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services
that you need to live well?
environment or ensure that
Ans. Actually money cannot buy you a pollution free
be able to protect you
you get unadulterated medicines, money may also not
from infectious diseases.
rate?
6. Why has Kerala a low infant mortality
has adequate provisions of
Ans. Kerala has a low infant mortality rate because it
health and educational facilities.
bgsic HumanDevelopment Report compare countries?
2. Y. How does UNon the basis of
Ans. UNDP comparescountries based on:
(i) the educational levels of the people
(ii) their health status and
(11) per capita income.
236 Social Science X: Term-1
A

2. What does HDI mean? DevelopmentIndex.

Ans. HDI stands for Human mean?
at birth life of
QA3. What does Lite Expectancy expected length of a
Ans. Life expectancy at birth denotes average perSon
at the time of birth. mean?
enrolmentratio
levels--enrolment ratio
What does Gross
three
for primary schoo,
Ans, Gross enrolment ratio is at education beyond seecondary school.
secondary school and higher consideration for measuring Human
taken into
Q. l5.Which indicators are
Development Index (HDI)?
Ans. (i) Per capita income
(n) Life expectancy at birth
(i) Literacy rate for 15+ population.
levels.
(1v) GrOss enrolment ratio for three

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (3 Marks)

important developmental goal
21. Give examples to prove that there are other
than income.
Ans. Example 1: If youget a job in a far off place, betore accepting it you would try
family
to consider many factors, apart from income such as tacilities for your
school for your children,working atmosphere or opportunity to learn.
Example 2:Ajob may give you high pay butno job security and also willleave
no time for your family,. This willreduce your sense of security and freedom.
Example 3: If womenare engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household
and society increases. However, it is also the case that if there is respect for
women, there would be more sharing of housework and a greater acceptance
of women working outside. A safe and secured environment may allowmore
women totake up a variety of jobsor run a business.
Hence, the developmental goals that people have are not only about better
income but also about other important things in life.
Q.2. What is the main criterion used by World Bank in classifying different
countries?
Ans, World Bank has used the criterion of per
capita income to classify the
Countries.
(i) Rich countries: Countries with per
capita income of 4,53,000 per annum
and above in 2004, are called rich
countries.
(i) Low-income counlries: Countries with per
are called low-income countries. capita income of 37,000 or lesS
The rich countries excluding countries of the
small countries are called Middle East and certain other
developing countries.
developed countries and the others are called
 importantcriterionfordevelopment?
thinkaverageincomeis
an
Whydoyou
be one of the
. Explain.
countries, their income
is considered to
ns. For comparing
(1) most important attributes. less
than others with
higher income are more developed
(1) Countries with
income. income means more of all
understanding that more should
(i) This is based on
the
need. Whatever people like, and
beings
the things that human with greater income.
have, they willbe able to get
itself is considered to be one important goal.
So, greater income developmentalgoals?
have different
Why do different peoplesituations
life of persons are difterent. which can
ans. () tis because the or that
most important for them
(ü) People seek thingsthat are
fufil their aspirations or desires. rich urban
developmental goals of a boy from a whereas the
(in) For example: The in a reputed college,
family would be to get admission rich urban family would be to get as
developmentalgoals ofa girl from a
much freedom as her brother. development for
for one may not be
0.5.Explain, "What may be development
others."
seek things which are
At times, two persons or group of perSons may
Ans. (1)
conflicting. opportunity as her brother, and that
as much freedom and
(1) Agirl expects household work. Her brother may
not like this.
he also shares in the
get more electricity, industrialists may want more dams. But
(1) Similarly, to
submerge the land and disrupt the lives of people, who are
this may
displaced such as the tribals.
labourers, prosperous
Q6. What are the developmental goals of landless rural
farmers and, farmers who depend only on rains?
farmers are different.
Ans. Developmental goals and aspirations for these work and
days of
(i) Landless Rural Labourers: They would like to have more
better wages; local schools to provide quality education to their children;
there should not be any socialdiscrimination so that they too can become
leaders in the village.
(i) Prosperous Farmers: They should have assurance of high family income
through higher support prices for their crops through hardworking and
cheap labourers. They also want that they should be able to settle their
children abroad.
(i) Farmers who Depend Only on Rains: These kind of farmers' main goal is to
have irrigational facilities, crop insurances on less premium and better
facilities of life for them as well as their children.
 Ac

238 Social Science X Term-1 urban famnilya .

from a rich
aspirational goals of aboy
. Gompare
the girls can be
from a rich
Ans. The
urban
aspirational
family.
goas of thesc
urba boys and
different
or
somctimes coflicing. to go for
would like branded
good educaion
family: He nmobile, a laptop,
boy firom a vch urban probably a good
() 1 institution,
ITom a reputed mobike of his own. should be able to pursue
an ipod or a She
ginl from a rich wban family: her brother andshouldbe be
able to decide
() much freedom as professional
as would like to go for
abroad, get
what she wants to do. She education
and then pursue job. allthe goods and services that you
buy may
Q8. *Money in youryour pocket cannot Elucidate.
not?
need to live well, " Isit true or indicator of material
completely adequate goods
Ans. Income by itself is not a Normally, money cannot buy .
and services that citizens are able to use.
unadulterated medicin
pollution-free environment or ensure that We get
from infectious diseases, unless
Money may also not be able to protect you irom
the whole of your community takes preventive steps.