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Torque Equation of Induction Motor - Electrical Technology

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17 views14 pages

Torque Equation of Induction Motor - Electrical Technology

Uploaded by

shumbablessing4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY

Torque Equation of Induction Motor


Electrical Technology

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Starting Torque, Full Load Torque, Torque at Synchronous Speed &

Condition for Maximum Torque Equations of an Induction Motor

An induction motor is widely used in industries as it produces good torque. The torque
of an induction motor depends on the three factors;

Rotor power factor under running condition (cos ϕ2)

Rotor current under running condition (I2)


Part of a rotating magnetic field that induces EMF in the rotor winding (ϕ)

Therefore, the equation of torque is proportional to the above factors and equate as;

T ∝ ϕ I2 cos(ϕ2)

The flux produced in the rotor is directly proportional to the stator voltage E2;

ϕ ∝ E1

But, the transformation ratio (K) is;


:
Hence,

E2 ∝ ϕ

Rotor current I2;

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Rotor Power factor (cos ϕ2);


:
Now submit these values in the torque equations;

We can write the above equation by adding a proportionality constant.

This equation is known as a torque equation of induction motor.

Related Post:

Torque-Slip & Torque-Speed Characteristics of Induction Motor


Power, Voltage and EMF Equation of a DC Motor
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Table of Contents

Full Load Torque


Torque at Synchronous Speed
Starting Torque
Condition for Maximum Torque

Full Load Torque

The slip of an induction motor depends on the loading condition. If we consider full load
:
slip is s, the equation of full load torque is defined as the below equation.

Where k is a proportionality constant and the value of k is;

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Where Ns’ is synchronous speed (RPS) = NS / 60

Related Post:

EMF Equation of a Transformer


Equivalent Circuit of Induction Motor

Torque at Synchronous Speed

At synchronous speed, the slip of a motor is zero (s = 0). If we put the value of slip in
the torque equation, we get the torque produced by the motor is zero. Hence, the
:
induction motor is an asynchronous motor that can be run at synchronous speed.

Starting Torque

Starting torque is defined as a torque produced at starting of the motor (consider rotor
speed is zero). Hence, the speed N = 0 and slip s = 1. The starting torque is denoted as
Tst. And we get the equation of starting torque by substituting s = 1 in the torque
equation.

At the time of starting, the motor is in standstill condition. Therefore, starting torque is
also known as standstill torque.

For an induction motor; we can write;


:
Put this value in torque equation;

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Now, consider = constant = K

E1 is nearly equal to V1;

At starting condition, slip s = 1;


:
Tst ∝ V12

Hence, the starting torque is proportional to the square of the applied stator voltage.

Related Post: EMF Equation of an Alternator and AC Generator

Condition for Maximum Torque

When a motor is running, the equation of starting torque is defined as;

It is clear from the above equation that the torque depends on the slip when a motor is
in running condition. Now, we need to find the condition at which the torque is
maximum. For that, we differentiate the above equation with respect to slip and
compare it with zero.

Therefore,
:
This equation shows the value of slip that corresponds to maximum torque Tm. And it is
a ratio of rotor resistance and reactance at standstill. The slip at maximum torque
condition is denoted as sm.

Now, put this value in the equation of for to find the equation of maximum torque Tm.
:
From the above equation, we can conclude that, the maximum torque;

Does not depend on the rotor resistance R2. But the value of slip sm at which
maximum torque Tm occurs is directly proportional to the rotor resistance.
Directly proportional to the square of rotor voltage E2.
Inversely proportional to the rotor reactance.

Related Posts:

Types of Electric Motors – Classification of AC, DC & Special Motors


Applications of Electric Motors
Single-Phase Induction Motor – Construction, Working, Types & Applications
Three-Phase Induction Motor – Construction, Working, Types & Applications
Motor Starter – Types of Motor Starters and Motor Starting Methods
Direct Online Starter – DOL Starter Wiring Diagram for Motors
Cable Size Calculation for LT & HT Motors
Speed Control Methods of of a DC Motor
DC Machine – Construction, Working, Types and Applications
Servo Motor – Types, Construction, Working, Controlling & Applications
Brushless DC Motor (BLDC) – Construction, Working Principle & Applications
Stepper Motor – Types, Construction, Operation & Applications
:
What is Motor Efficiency and How to improve it?
Induction Motor & Linear Induction Motors Formulas & Equations
What is Motor Generator Set and How Does it Work?
How to Run a Three-Phase Induction Motor on a Single-Phase Power Supply?
Electrical & Electronics Engineering Formulas & Equations
Electric Motors Symbols

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Categories: Electrical Machines, Formulas - Equations, Motors

Tags: Equation, Induction Motor, Motor, Motors, Torque


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