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1 Dilute sulfuric acid and aqueous potassium hydroxide are used to make aqueous potassium sulfate.

H2SO4 + 2KOH → K2SO4 + 2H2O

The method includes use of the following apparatus.

dilute sulfuric acid

conical flask

25.0 cm3 of aqueous

potassium hydroxide

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Calculate the volume of 0.0625 mol / dm dilute sulfuric acid, H2SO4, that completely reacts with
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25.0 cm of 0.100 mol / dm potassium hydroxide, KOH, to produce aqueous potassium sulfate.

Use the following steps.

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(a) Calculate the number of moles of KOH in 25.0 cm of 0.100 mol / dm KOH.

= ................................mol [1]

(b) Deduce the number of moles of H2SO4 that react with KOH.

= ................................mol [1]
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(c) Calculate the volume of H2SO4 required.

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volume = .................................cm [1]

(d) The experiment is repeated using the same volume and concentration of potassium hydroxide
and the same concentration of dilute sulfuric acid. In this second experiment, the product is
aqueous potassium hydrogensulfate, KHSO4.

H2SO4 + KOH → KHSO4 + H2O

Use your answer to (c) and the equation to deduce the volume of H2SO4 required.

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volume = .................................cm [1]

[Total: 4]

2 When potassium is added to water, it reacts vigorously and a coloured flame is seen.

The equation for the reaction is shown.

2K(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2KOH(aq) + H2(g)

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(a) Calculate the volume, in cm , of hydrogen gas formed when 2.34 g of potassium is added to
excess water at room temperature and pressure.

Use the following steps.

(i) Calculate the number of moles of potassium added.

= .......................................................mol [1]
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(ii) Determine the number of moles of hydrogen gas formed.

= .......................................................mol [1]

(iii) Calculate the volume of hydrogen gas formed.

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volume = ..........................................cm [1]

[Total: 3]

3 A student prepares magnesium sulfate crystals, MgSO4, by adding excess magnesium to dilute
sulfuric acid.

Magnesium sulfate crystals have the formula, MgSO4•xH2O, where x is a whole number of molecules
of water.

The student heats the crystals to remove the molecules of water.

MgSO4•xH2O(s) → MgSO4(s) + xH2O(g)

The student heats a sample of MgSO4•xH2O and finds it has lost 0.140 moles of H2O and has
2.40 g of MgSO4 remaining.

Determine the value of x .

Use the following steps.

(a) Calculate the Mr of MgSO4.

Mr = .................................. [1]
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(b) Determine the number of moles of MgSO4 formed.

moles of MgSO4 formed = ........................... [1]

(c) Determine the value of x in MgSO4•xH2O.

x = .................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

4 Sodium reacts vigorously with water to form aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH, which is a strong
base.

The equation for the reaction is shown.

2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

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Calculate the concentration of NaOH(aq) formed, in g / dm , when 0.345 g of sodium is added to
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50.0 cm of distilled water. Assume there is no change in volume.

Use the following steps.

(a) Calculate the number of moles of Na added.

= ............................... mol [1]

(b) Determine the number of moles of NaOH formed.

= ............................... mol [1]

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(c) Calculate the concentration of NaOH in mol / dm .

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concentration of NaOH = .......................... mol / dm [1]
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(d) Determine the Mr of NaOH and calculate the concentration of NaOH in g / dm .

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concentration of NaOH = .............................. g / dm [2]

[Total: 5]