SAMPLE PAPER- [2021-2022]

Class: X – [TERM – 1]
SCIENCE

Total Time : 180 Minutes Total Marks: 80

1. A piece of wire of resistance R is cut into five equal parts. These parts are then connected in parallel.
If the equivalent resistance of this combination is R’, then the ratio R/R’ is _
1
(a)
25
1
(b)
5
(c) 5
(d) 25
2. If direction of field is known and direction of motion of the conductor is known, which law can we
use to find the direction current induced in the conductor?
(a) Fleming’s Left hand rule
(b) Fleming’s Right hand rule
(c) Right hand thumb rule
(d) Maxwell’s Cork-Screw rule
3. Which of the following lenses would you prefer to use while reading small letters found in a
dictionary?
(a) A convex lens of focal length 50 cm.
(b) A concave lens of focal length 50 cm.
(c) A convex lens of focal length 5 cm.
(d) A concave lens of focal length 5 cm.
4. Assertion: The sky appears blue during the day
Reason: The droplets in the sky disperse the white light of the sun into its components
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
 (d) Both assertion and reason are false.
5. We wish to obtain an erect image of an object, using a concave mirror of focal length 15 cm. What
should be the range of distance of the object from the mirror? What is the nature of the image? Is the
image larger or smaller than the object?
6. Two circular coils A and B are placed closed to each other. The current in the coil A is changed.
Will there be any effect of this on coil B? Give reasons for your answer.
7. 100 J of heat is produced each second in a 4Ω resistance. Find the potential difference across the
resistor.
8. Explain the cause of twinkling of stars. Also explain why the planets do not twinkle.
9. An electric lamp, whose resistance is 20Ω, and a conductor of 4Ω resistance are connected to a 6 V
battery in series. Calculate (a) the total resistance of the circuit, (b) the current through the circuit,
and (c) the potential difference across the electric lamp and conductor.
10. An object 5 cm in length is held 25 cm away from a converging lens of focal length 10 cm. Draw the
ray diagram and find the position, size and the nature of the image formed.
11. What is meant by solenoid? How does a current carrying solenoid behave? Give its main use.
12. (i) Define Electric power. Give its SI unit.
(ii)Two lamps, one rated 100 W at 220 V, and the other 60 W at 220 V, are connected in parallel to
the electric mains supply. What current is drawn from the line if the supply voltage is 220 V?
13. Which of the following forms the basis of the modern periodic table?
(a) Atomic mass
(b) Atomic number
(c) Number of nucleons
(d) All of these
14. Oxidation is a process which involves
(a) addition of oxygen
(b) addition of hydrogen
(c) removal of hydrogen
(d) Both (a) and (c) are correct
15. How will you test for the gas which is liberated when hydrochloric acid reacts with an active metal?
16. Assertion : Solutions of compounds like alcohol and glucose do not show acidic character.
Reason : They do not show acidic character because they do not dissociate into ions.
(a) Both assertion and reason are correct and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
 (b) Both assertion and reason are correct but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false
(d) Assertion is false but reason is true
17. Write one example of each of
(i) a metal which is so soft that it can be cut with a knife and a non-metal which is the hardest
substance.
(ii) a metal and a non-metal which exist as liquid at room temperature.
18. Name the natural source of each of the following acids.
(i) Citric acid.
(ii) Oxalic acid.
(iii) Lactic acid.
(iv) Tartaric acid.
19. (a) Classify the following reactions in different types :
(i) AgNO3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) AgCl(s) + NaNO3 (aq)
(ii) CaO (s) + H2O (l) Ca(OH)3 (aq)
heat
(iii) 2KClO3 2KCl(s) + 3O2 (g)
(iv) Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
(b) Translate the following statements into a balanced chemical equation: Barium chloride reacts
with aluminium sulphate to give aluminium chloride and barium sulphate.
20. (a) How does metallic character of elements in modern periodic table vary on moving
(i) left to right in a period, (ii) top to bottom in a group?
(b) If an element ‘X’ is placed in group 14, what will be the nature of bond in its chloride? Write the
chemical formula of the compound formed.
(c) An element ‘X’ has mass number 35, number of neutrons = 18, what is atomic number of ‘X’.
Write its electronic configuration and determine its valency.
21. State the reason why carbon can neither form C4+ cations nor C4– anions, but forms covalent
compounds.
22. (a) Write electron dot diagram for chlorine (At No.17) and calcium (At No.20). Show the formation
of calcium chloride by transfer of electrons.
(b) Identify the nature of the above compound and write down any three physical properties of such
compound.
23. (a) Identify the compound of calcium which is yellowish white powder and is used for disinfecting
drinking water. Write its chemical name and formula. How is it manufactured? Write the chemical
equation for the reaction involved. Also list two other uses of the compound.
(b) Write the balanced chemical equation of the chlor-alkali process.
24. Mention two functions of human testis.
25. Asexual reproduction in the Spirogyra involves:
(a) Division of a cell into two cells
(b) Division of a cell into many cells
(c) Breaking up of filaments into smaller bits
(d) Formation of a large number of buds
26. The enzymes pepsin and trypsin are secreted respectively by
(a) Stomach and pancreas
(b) Salivary gland and stomach
(c) Liver and pancreas
(d) Liver and salivary gland
27. Explain the role of decomposers in the environment?
28. In single-celled organisms diffusion is sufficient to meet all their requirements of food, exchange of
gases or removal of wastes but it is not in case of multicellular organisms. Describe the reason for
this difference.
29. (a) Write two examples each of sexually transmitted diseases caused by (i) virus, (ii) bacteria. [1]
(b) Explain how the transmission of such diseases can be prevented? [2]
30. With the help of a flow chart, explain the mechanism of sex determination in humans.
31. If we cross pure-breed tall (dominant) pea plants with pure-bred dwarf (recessive) pea plants we will
get pea plants of the F1 generation. If we now self-cross the pea plant of the F1 generation, then we
obtain pea plants of the F2 generation.
a. What do the plants of the F1 generation look like?
b. State the ratio of tall plants to dwarf plants in the F2 generation.
c. State the type of plants not found in F2 generation but appeared in the F2 generation, mentioning
the reason for the same.
32. a. Draw a schematic representation of transport and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during
transportation of blood in human beings. [4]
 b. What is the advantage of separate channels in mammals and birds for oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood? [1]
33. a. What is fertilisation? Distinguish between external fertilisation and internal fertilisation. [1+3]
b. What is the site of fertilisation in human beings? [1]
 R
1. (d) When we cut the piece of wire into five equal parts, the resistance of each part =
6
Now, all these are connected in parallel. Thus, equivalent resistance
1 1 1 1 1
R' R R R R
5 5 5 5
R
So, R '
25
R
Hence, the ratio 25
R'
2. ()(b) Fleming’s Right hand rule
Fleming’s right hand rule gives the direction of induced current.
Fleming’s right hand rule: Hold the right-hand forefinger, middle finger and the thumb at right
angles to each other. If the
forefinger represents the direction of the magnetic field, the thumb points in the direction of motion
or applied force, then the
middle finger points in the direction of the induced current.

3. (c) A convex lens of focal length 5cm

A convex lens forms a magnified virtual image of the object if the object is held closer to the lens
(within the focal length).
So, a convex lens with focal length of 5cm can be used to read small letters by looking at their
magnified image in the lens.
4. (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. When
white light (from sun) enters the earth's atmosphere, it gets scattered away due to the atmospheric
particles. Since, blue colour has the minimum wavelength, so blue colour scatters the most and thus
the sky appears blue.
5. ()A concave mirror forms an erect image only when the object is placed between the pole and the
focus.
So, if we place the object within 15cm in front of the concave mirror, we would get an erect image.

In this case, the image formed is virtual.

Also, the image formed is enlarged than the object.
6. ()Yes, when the current in coil A is changed, current will be induced in coil B. When the current in
coil A is changed, the magnetic field created due to it also changes.
This in turn, changes the magnetic field lines associated with the coil B. As this happens, the
magnetic flux associated with coil B changes and hence, current will be induced in coil B.

7. () Heat H = 100 J, Resistance R = 4Ω, Time t = 1 s

We know that
H=I2Rt
So, we have the current through the resistor as
 1
H 2
I
Rt
1
100J 2

4 1s
=5A
Thus the potential difference across the resistor is
V = IR
= 5 A × 4Ω
= 20 V.
8. ()The twinkling of a star is due to atmospheric refraction of starlight. The starlight, on entering the
earth’s atmosphere, undergoes refraction continuously before it reaches the earth.
The atmospheric refraction occurs in a medium of gradually changing refractive index. Since the
atmosphere bends starlight towards the normal, the apparent position of the star is slightly different
from its actual position.
The star appears slightly higher (above) than its actual position when viewed near the horizon.

Unlike stars, planets don't twinkle. Stars are so distant that they appear as pinpoints of light in the
night sky, even when viewed through a telescope.
Because all the light is coming from a single point, its path is highly susceptible to atmospheric
disturbance. Planets are nearer to us, thus appear as the collection of points. All points on the planet
also twinkle.
At an instant, one point is bright and the other is dull. At the next instant, it changes. From far away
it looks like overall intensity is the same. The twinkling effect averages out.
9. ()
 Given,
Voltage of the battery, V = 6V
Resistance of electric lamp, R1 = 20 Ώ
Resistance of series conductor, R2 = Ώ
(a) The total resistance in the circuit
R = R1 + R2
R = 20Ω + 4Ω = 24Ω.
(b) Now by Ohm’s law, the current through the circuit is given by
V
I
R
6V
24
(c) Applying Ohm’s law to the electric lamp and conductor separately, we get potential difference
across the electric lamp,
V1 = 20 Ω × 0.25 A = 5 V
and,
that across the conductor, V2 = 4Ω × 0.25 A = 1 V.
10. ()

We have, object distance,

U = –25cm,
 Focal length f = 10cm, and
Object height h = 5cm
Using lens formula
1 1 1
–
v u f
So,
1 1 1 25 –10 15
–
v 10 25 250 250
So, v = 16.67 cm
v 16.67
Magnification m = –0.66
u (–25)
Thus, image height = m × h0 = -0.66 5 = –3.3 cm
So, the image formed is inverted, diminished and real.
11. ()Solenoid: A coil of many circular turns of insulated copper wire wound on a cylindrical insulating
body (i.e., cardboard etc.) such that its length is greater than its diameter is called solenoid.

When current is flowing through the solenoid, the magnetic field line pattern resembles exactly with
those of a bar magnet with the fixed polarity, i.e. North and South pole at its ends and it acquires the
directive and attractive properties similar to bar magnet. Hence, the current carrying solenoid
behaves as a bar magnet. Solenoid is used to make Electromagnets which are used in various fields ,
like for lifting heavy loads, in generators, electric bells
etc.
12. () (i) Electric power is defined as the rate at which electrical energy is consumed in an electrical
circuit. The SI unit of power is the watt, which is one joule per second.
 (ii) We know that, electric power is given as
V2
P
R
So, using this,
V2 (220) 2
Resistance of lamp rated 100W,220V will be R1 = 484
P 100
V2 (220) 2 2420
Resistance of lamp rated 60W,220V will be R2 =
P 60 3
1 1 1 1 3
R R1 R2 484 2420

2420
So, R = 302.5
8
So, current drawn from mains (using Ohm’s law)
V 220
I 0.727A
R 302.5
13. ()(b) The modern periodic table is based on the modern periodic law, which states that the properties
of elements are a function of their atomic numbers.
14. (d) According to the classical concept, oxidation is defined as addition of Oxygen or removal of
Hydrogen.
15. () Bring a burning matchstick near the gas. It burns with a ‘pop’ sound showing that it is hydrogen.
16. (a) Solutions of compounds like alcohol and glucose do not show acidic character because like acids
such as HCl which dissociates into H+ and Cl– ion these solutions do not dissociate into ions. Thus
both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
17. ()(i) Sodium is a metal which can be cut with a knife, whereas carbon (diamond) is the non-metal
which is the hardest substance.
(ii) Mercury is a liquid metal, whereas bromine is a liquid non-metal.
18. ()(i) Lemon
(ii) Tomatoes
(iii) Curd
(iv) Tamarind
19. (a) (i) Double displacement reaction
(ii) Combination reaction
(iii) Decomposition reaction
(iv) Displacement reaction
(b) 3BaCl2 aq Al2 SO 4 3
aq 3BaSO 4 s 2AlCl3 (aq)

20. ()(a) (i) In a period metallic character goes on decreasing, e.g. in 3 period Na is more metallic than
Cl.
(ii) In a group, metallic character goes on increasing, e.g. K is more metallic than Na in group 1.
(b) XCl is the formula of compound. It has covalent bonds.
(c) Atomic number = Mass number – Number of neutrons
Atomic number = 35 – 18 = 17
Electronic conÒguration = 2, 8, 7
Valency = 1
21. ()Atomic number of carbon is six. This means that it has four electrons in its outermost shell. It
either needs to gain four more electrons or lose 4 electrons to attain noble gas electronic
configuration. It does not form C4+ cation, as the removal of four valence electrons will require a
huge amount of energy. The cation formed will have six protons and two electrons. This makes it
highly unstable. Carbon is unable to form C4– anion as its nucleus with six protons will not be able to
hold ten electrons. Thus, carbon achieves noble gas electronic configuration by sharing its four
electrons with other elements, i.e. it forms covalent compounds
22. () (a)
 (b) It is an ionic compound.
Physical properties of compound:
1. It is hard and solid.
2. It has a high melting and boiling point.
3. It is soluble in water.
23. () (a)The compound is bleaching powder (CaOCl ). Its chemical name is calcium oxychloride. It is
manufactured by reaction of solid slaked lime with dry chlorine gas.
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 CaCl2 + H2O
Two other uses of bleaching powder are:
(i) It is used as a bleaching agent to remove stains.
(ii) It is used for preparation of chloroform.
electrolysis
2NaCl + 2H2O CaCl2 + H2O
24. ()(a) They produce male germ cells i.e., sperms.
(b) They act as endocrine glands and secrete the hormone testosterone which controls secondary
sexual characters in males.
25. (c) Spirogyra is a filamentous alga and it reproduces asexually by fragmentation i.e., breaking up of
filament into smaller bits and forming new fragments.
26. (a) Stomach secretes the enzyme pepsin and pancreas produces trypsin. Both of them break down
protein.
27. ()Various roles played by decomposers in the ecosystem are:
(i) They decompose biodegradable substances into useful substances.
(ii) They release nutrients into the soil by decomposing dead and decaying matter, thus making the
soil fertile.
(iii) They maintain the nutrient pool by returning back the nutrients in the pool. (Any two)
28. () Unicellular organisms can absorb sufficient oxygen because of its complete contact with the
atmosphere, but in multicellular organisms, the rate of absorption and diffusion becomes very less
because all cells are not in direct contact with the atmosphere. Multicellular organisms require a
greater amount of oxygen to sustain life processes which cannot be fulfilled by the process of
diffusion.
29. () Sexually transmitted diseases by virus: Genital Herpes is caused by the Herpes Simplex virus and
AIDS is caused by HIV.
Sexually transmitted diseases by bacteria: Gonorrhea is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoea and Syphilis
is caused by Treponema pallidum. Prevention of transmission of STDs: i. Having sex with infected
or any unknown person should be avoided.
ii. Sharing of needles, syringes etc. must be prohibited.
iii. The surgical and dental instruments should be sterilised properly before use.
iv. Avoid blood transfusions from infected people. Blood should be tested before transfusion.
v. Adequate medical treatment should be provided to the pregnant woman to protect the child from
getting infected.
30. ()In human beings, the sex of the individual is genetically determined.
(i) Sex determination is the process by which sex of a newborn individual can be determined.
(ii) Human beings have 1 unpaired sex chromosome. Sex chromosome of a male is XY and of a
female is XX.
(iii) Sex of a child depends on what happens at fertilization

Thus, a father is responsible for the determination of the sex of a child.

31. () (a) All plants of the F1 generation will be tall plants.
b. 3: 1
 c. Dwarf trait is a recessive trait which was not expressed in the F1 generation, the recessive trait is
expressed in the F2 generation after self-pollination.
32. () (a)

(b) It is necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in mammals and birds because
they have high energy demands and so need large amounts of oxygen. The separation of oxygenated
and deoxygenated blood provides high oxygen supply to the organs.
33. ()a. Fertilisation is defined as the fusion of a male gamete (sperm) with a female gamete (an ovum or
egg) to form a zygote during sexual reproduction.

b. The site of fertilisation in human beings is in the fallopian tube of the female reproductive system.