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Reference Material II

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14 views40 pages

Reference Material II

Uploaded by

Shri ABCD
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Embedded Structure Nesting

In this method, the structure being nested is also


declared inside the parent structure.
Example
struct parent
{ int member1;
struct member_str member2
{ int member_str1;
char member_str2;
... }
... }
#include<stdio.h>
struct address
{
char city[20];
int pin;
char phone[14];
};
struct employee
{
char name[20];
struct address add;
};
void main ()
{
struct employee emp;
printf("Enter employee information?\n");
scanf("%s %s %d %s",emp.name,emp.add.city, &emp.add.pin
, emp.add.phone);
printf("Printing the employee information....\n");
printf("name: %s\nCity: %s\nPincode: %d\nPhone: %s",emp.
name,emp.add.city,emp.add.pin,emp.add.phone);
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
struct Employee
{
int id;
char name[20];
struct Date
{
int dd;
int mm;
int yyyy;
}doj;
}e1;
int main( )
{
//storing employee information
e1.id=101;
strcpy(e1.name, "Sonoo Jaiswal");//copying string into char array
e1.doj.dd=10;
e1.doj.mm=11;
e1.doj.yyyy=2014;
//printing first employee information
printf( "employee id : %d\n", e1.id);
printf( "employee name : %s\n", e1.name);
printf( "employee date of joining (dd/mm/yyyy)
: %d/%d/%d\n", e1.doj.dd,e1.doj.mm,e1.doj.yyyy)
;
return 0;
}
struct child {
int x;
char c;
};
// parent structure declaration
struct parent {
int a;
struct child b;
};

// driver code
int main()
{
struct parent var1 = { 25, 195, 'A' };

// accessing and printing nested members


printf("var1.a = %d\n", var1.a);
printf("var1.b.x = %d\n", var1.b.x);
printf("var1.b.c = %c", var1.b.c);
return 0;
}
struct Employee
{
int id;
char name[20];
struct Date
{
int dd;
int mm;
int yyyy;
}doj;
}emp1;
Accessing Nested Structure

• We can access the member of the nested


structure by
Outer_Structure.Nested_Structure.member as
given below:

• e1.doj.dd
• e1.doj.mm
• e1.doj.yyyy
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
struct Organisation
{
char organisation_name[20];
char org_number[20];
struct Employee
{
int employee_id;
char name[20];
int salary;
} emp;
};
// Driver code
int main()
{
struct Organisation org;
// Print the size of organisation
// structure
printf("The size of structure organisation : %ld\n",
sizeof(org));
org.emp.employee_id = 101;
strcpy(org.emp.name, "Robert");
org.emp.salary = 400000;
strcpy(org.organisation_name, "GeeksforGeeks");
strcpy(org.org_number, "GFG123768");
printf("Organisation Name : %s\n",
org.organisation_name);
printf("Organisation Number : %s\n",
org.org_number);
printf("Employee id : %d\n",
org.emp.employee_id);
printf("Employee name : %s\n",
org.emp.name);
printf("Employee Salary : %d\n",
org.emp.salary);
}
• Note:
• Whenever an embedded nested structure is
created, the variable declaration is
compulsory at the end of the inner structure,
which acts as a member of the outer
structure. It is compulsory that the structure
variable is created at the end of the inner
structure.
struct Student {
int roll_no;
char name[30];
char branch[40];
int batch;
};
// variable of structure with pointer defined
struct Student s, *ptr;
int main()
{
ptr = &s;
// Taking inputs
printf("Enter the Roll Number of Student\n");
scanf("%d", &ptr->roll_no);
printf("Enter Name of Student\n");
scanf("%s", &ptr->name);
printf("Enter Branch of Student\n");
scanf("%s", &ptr->branch);
printf("Enter batch of Student\n");
scanf("%d", &ptr->batch);

// Displaying details of the student


printf("\nStudent details are: \n");

printf("Roll No: %d\n", ptr->roll_no);


printf("Name: %s\n", ptr->name);
printf("Branch: %s\n", ptr->branch);
printf("Batch: %d\n", ptr->batch);

return 0;
}
How to Return Structure from a
#include<stdio.h>
Function?
struct wage{
char name[50];
int rs;
};
struct wage employee();
int main(){
struct wage e;
e = employee();
printf("\nWage details of the employee\n");
printf("Name : %s",e.name);
printf("\nWage : %d",e.rs);
return 0;
struct wage employee(){
struct wage e1;

printf("Enter the name of the employee : ");


scanf("%s",e1.name);
printf("\nEnter the wage : ");
scanf("%d",&e1.rs);

return e1;
}
How to Pass Structure by Reference
#include<stdio.h>
struct car
{
char name[20];
int seat;
char fuel[10];
};
void print_struct(struct car *);
int main()
{
struct car tata;
printf("Enter the model name : ");
scanf("%s",tata.name);
printf("\nEnter the seating capacity : ");
scanf("%d",&tata.seat);
printf("\nEnter the fuel type : ");
scanf("%s",tata.fuel);
print_struct(&tata);
void print_struct(struct car *ptr)
{
printf("\n---Details---\n");
printf("Name: %s\n", ptr->name);
printf("Seat: %d\n", ptr->seat);
printf("Fuel type: %s\n", ptr->fuel);
printf("\n");
}
An Array of Structures as Function Arguments
#include<stdio.h>
struct details {
char name[20];
char sec[20];
float per;
};
void print_struct(struct details str_arr[]);
int main()
{
struct details student[3] = {
{
"Aisiri","A",89.6
},
{
"Gourav","B",60.4
},
{
"Samuel","C",98.4
},
};
print_struct(student);
return 0;
void print_struct(struct details str_arr[]) {
int i;

for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {


printf("Name: %s\n", str_arr[i].name);
printf("Section: %s\n", str_arr[i].sec);
printf("Percentage: %.2f\n", str_arr[i].per);
printf("\n");
}
}
Limitations of C Structures
• In C language, structures provide a method for packing
together data of different types. A Structure is a helpful tool
to handle a group of logically related data items. However, C
structures also have some limitations.
• Higher Memory Consumption: It is due to structure padding.
• No Data Hiding: C Structures do not permit data hiding.
Structure members can be accessed by any function,
anywhere in the scope of the structure.
• Functions inside Structure: C structures do not permit
functions inside the structure so we cannot provide the
associated functions.
• Static Members: C Structure cannot have static members
inside its body.
• Construction creation in Structure: Structures in C cannot
have a constructor inside Structures.
#include<stdio.h> void display(struct employee emp)
{
struct address
printf("Printing the details....\n");
{ printf("%s %s %d
char city[20]; %s",emp.name,emp.add.city,emp.add.pin,emp.add.pho
int pin; ne);
char phone[14]; }
};
struct employee
{
char name[20];
struct address add;
};
void display(struct employee);
void main ()
{
struct employee emp;
printf("Enter employee information?\n");
scanf("%s %s %d %s",emp.name,emp.add.city, &emp.add.pin, emp.add.phone);
display(emp);
}

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