2017

ANTOLOGÍA
INGLÉS DE ENFERMERÍA 1

Lic. Lesdy Lizzeth Alanis Rdz.

Coordinación del Laboratorio CAADI

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 I. Presentación:

La globalización ha influido de manera decisiva en los procesos formadores y de prestación de servicios, permitiendo un
incremento del pensamiento estratégico relacionado con la formación y el desarrollo de recursos humanos competentes, con
habilidades para las relaciones interpersonales, la comunicación, capacidad para enfrentar los nuevos retos de la profesión, la
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innovación y las complejas tecnologías, lo que repercute en la calidad de los servicios que se le brindan a la población.

La enseñanza de las lenguas extranjeras

ext ranjeras en la universidad ofrece la posibilidad de instrumentar un trabajo que enriquezca su
área profesional en conjunto con diferentes áreas
áre as de trabajo y conocimiento. En el siglo XXI, debemos enfocarnos en la
compresión de textos ya que es
e s una parte lingüística fundamental dentro de la sociedad en la que nos desenvolvemos. Por tal
motivo, es importante que el inglés tome fuerza den los estudiantes de Nivel Superior, que tengan la habilidad de lee
leerr y
comprender sin dificultad textos en un segundo idioma para que puedan desenvolverse en una disciplina científica o técnica.

En Pedagogía de la autonomía, Freire, P.

P . (2004), nos convoca acerca de lo que los maestros deben saber, y de lo que deben
hacer, en el proceso de la enseñanza –aprendizaje, sobre todo cuando el énfasis esta puesto para la inclusión de todos los
individuos en la sociedad. El inglés del CAADI es un curso teórico-práctico, cuya tendencia implica el operar un plan de
estudio en el cual el individuo tenga la necesidad
ne cesidad de aprender un segundo idioma para ser competente en nuestro mundo
actual.

El inglés del CAADI es una unidad de aprendizaje orientada al inglés especializado en ciencias de salud y designado para
alumnos de nivel intermedio que quieren usar su conocimiento para la comunicación internacional en la rama de enfermería.

II. Propósito(s):

La Unidad de Aprendizaje tiene como propósito fortalecer el conocimiento del estudiante con las habilidades del lenguaje
y experiencias que ellos necesitan desarrollar para sus metas
m etas profesionales y académicas. Los estudiantes son expuestos a
situaciones de la vida real que permiten el uso del lenguaje en diferentes formas significativas. Y la integración del
desarrollo de todas las habilidades que permite el éxito y seguridad en sí mismo en la interacción social y profesional en la
comunidad global del habla inglesa.

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Punto 8 de los Propósitos del Trabajo Institucional de la Visión 2020 de la UANL.
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CONTENTS
UNIT TOPIC FUNCTIONS GRAMMAR VOCABULARY
1 Hospital Identify Personal Verb be  Hospital
Staff Staff in a hospital Present tense Satff
The indefinite article
– a, an

2 Hospital Identify Wh QUESTIONS  Hospital

Department departments in a Units
hospital
3 Rooms and Describe Prespositions of  Equipment
equipment equipment used in place
a hospital
4 The body Identify human Comparative and  Body Parts
body parts superlatives
5 Blood Talk about how is Present continuous  Blood

6 The blood composed

Identify the parts of Simple past  Circulatory
circulatory the circulatory System
System system and talk
about its function
7 The Identify Past Continuous  Respiratory
respiratory Respiratory system System
System parts and organs
and talk about its
function
8 The Identify Future Will  Digestive
digestive Respiratory system System
System parts and organs
and talk about its
function
9 Physical Describe the Numbers  Physical
Assessment important aspects Assessment
of a physical
assessment

BOOK’S SYMBOLS

The Book’s symbols were designed for doing easier to indentify each section in manual.

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 1 Hospital Staff

VOCABULARY

Exercise 1. Match the correct vocabulary

vocabulary about Hospital Staff and relate with the
pictures.

a)Cardiologist

b) Lab
Technician

c) Pediatrician

d) Pharmacist

e) Nutriologist /
Dietician

f) Surgeon
g) Radiologist

h) Nurse

i) Midwife

j) Dentist

k) Obstetrician

l) Psychiatrist

m) Gerontologist

n) Dermatologist

o) Gynecologist

 SPEAKING

Exercise 2. Select a partner and practice the next role play about Hospital Staff

Student 1. Are you a nurse?

Student 2. Yes, I am
Student 1. Are you an oncologist?
Student 2. No, I am not.

Note: You can include greetings and extra information.

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 GRAMMAR
Look the next chart and answer the corresponding exercise.

VERB TO BE (PRESENT TENSE)

The verb to be is the most important verb in the English language. The principal
use of the simple present is to refer to an action or event that takes place
habitually, but with the verb "to be" the simple present tense also refers to a
present or general state, whether temporary, permanent or habitual.

POSITIVE CONTRACTION NEGATIVE QUESTION

I am I’m I am not.= I’m not Am I…I…??
You are You’re You are not.= You aren’t Are you…
you…? ?
He He’s/ She’s/ It’s He is not. = He isn’t. Is he…
he…? ?
She She is not.= She isn’t Is she…
she…? ?
It is It is not.= It isn’t It is…
is…??
We are We’re We are not.= We aren’t Are we…
we…??
You are You´re You are not.= You aren’t Are you…
you…??
They are They’re They are not.= They aren’t Are they…
they…?
?
ARTICLES An article is a word that comes before a noun.
a / an
a= consonants an= vowel ( singular) the= plurals

E xerci s e 3. A ccor
ccording
ding th
the
epprevious
revious informa
information
tion ans we
werr the next exercis e.

POSITIVE NEGATIVE

1. I________ a doctor. 1. I________ a doctor.

2. You _______ a cardiologists. 2. You _______ a cardiologists.

3. She _______ a nurse. 3. She _______ a nurse.
4. They _______ dentists. 4. They _______ dentists.
5. We _______ students. 5. We _______ students.
7. He _____ a GP. 6. I_______ a pharmacist.
8. You _____ teachers 7. He _____ a GP.
9. It _____ a gauze 8. You _____ teachers
4. I________ a doctor. 9. It _____ a gauze

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 TRACK 1.
LISTENING

Exercise 4. Listen the information George Takei (Teh-Kay) and answer the next
questions using the Verb to Be.

1. Is he an actor?
___________________________________________
_________________________________________ __
2. Is he a Star Wars character?
___________________________________________
________________________________ ___________
3. What are his recommendations?

_______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ ______________________

4. Is he in favor of the equality in marital rights?

_______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ ______________________

5. Is he gay?

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________ ________________________________

6. Is he also a radio announcer?

________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ _______________________

7. Is he a Japanese-American residence?

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________ ________________________________

 SPEAKING

Exercise 5. According the previous listening answer the next questions and
share the answers with your classmates.

1. Is the Star Trek actually a famous TV program?

2. Is it one of your favorite TV programs?

p rograms?

3. Which TV program is your favorite?

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 GRAMMAR
Look the next chart and answer the corresponding exercise.

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

We use the simple present tense when an action happens regularly, never or
several times. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event
or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or
usually does not do.
POSITIVE NEGATIVE CONTRACTION QUESTION
I play… I do not play… I don’t play Do I play…?
You play… You do not play … You don’t play… Do you play…?
He He does not play… He doesn’t play… Does he play…?
She plays… She does not play… She doesn’t play… Does she play…?
It It does not play… It doesn’t play…
doesn’t Does it play…?
We play… We do not play… We don’t play… Do we play…?
play…?
You play… You do not play… You don’t play… Do you play…?
play…?
They play… They do not play… They don’t play… Do they play…?
play…?

Notes: In the simple present, most regular verbs use the root form, except in the third-
person singular (which ends in -s). Examples: Sing= sings , eat= eats, have= has

The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the ending of that verb:

For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in the third person. Example:
Do= does, go= goes,

Exercise 6. According the previous information complete the next sentences

and questions, look the signs - (negative) or + (positive) sentences.
1. I _______________ radiology. (- study)
2. Nurses ___________ of patients. ( + take care)
3.___________ your teacher ___________ your homework? (check)
4. Cigarettes ____________ lung cancer. (+ cause)
5. The surgeon ___________to operate at 8 every morning. ( - begin)
6. How often _________ you_____________ to the doctor? (go)
7. I _________ as an endocrinologist. ( + work)

8. ___________ your family doctor ___________ the phone? (answer)

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 READING.

Exercise 7. Read the next information and then answer the questions using the
s i mple pres ent. And then discuss with a partner.

Watch Hospital Staffers Dance the Nae Nae for 12-Year-Old Cancer Patient

A group of staffers at Louisiana's Willis-

Knighton Cancer Center wanted to celebrate
12-year-old Sophia Petikas' last day in the
hospital in the most appropriate way possible --
doing the Nae Nae.

Petikas had been receiving proton treatments

since the fall of 2014 after doctors discovered a
tumor in her spinal cord. One of her doctors,
Daniel, promised he would learn her favorite dance, Silento's "Watch Me (Whip/Nae
Nae)," once she completed treatment. And when that day came, he went above and
beyond the call of duty.

Daniel managed to coordinate a flash-mob-style rendition of the dance with the

entire proton radiation team that had worked with Petikas, even making sure they all
wore Chuck Taylor's in her honor. The team had clearly rehearsed, never missing a
step as Petikas performed along with the group. Talk about a memorable sendoff.

1. Is it a good idea for therapies of chronic diseases?

__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ _________________________
__________________________________________________________________
________________________________________ __________________________
2. Is it a common motivational therapy in your country?
______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ _________________________
____
__________________________________________________________________
________________________________________ __________________________
3. What are the common motivational therapies in your country?
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ _________________________
__________________________________________________________________.
________________________________________ __________________________.
Note: You can find this video on the web.

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 2 Hos ital De artment
VOCABULARY

Exercise 1. Match the correct vocabulary about Hospital Departments and

relate with the pictures.

GRAMMAR
Look the next chart and answer the corresponding exercise.

WH-QUESTIONS
We use question words to ask
a sk certain types of questions. We often refer to these words
as WH words because they include the letters WH (for example Why, How). For requiring
extra information.
QUESTION TYPE EXAMPLE
What Thing What is your name?
When Time When is the surgery?
Who Person Who is your nurse?
Where Place Where is the hospital?
Why Reason Why do you like pizza?
How Directions How do you spell your name?

Structure: WH word + Verb To-Be + Pronoun + Complement + ?

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 Exercise 2. Make questions using the underlined part.

1. They wanted to see the surgeon.

________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ _______________________
2. I got up at 9 a.m.
_____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ _______________________
___
3. He doesn’t like injections.
________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ _______________________
4. The ward finished late
___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ _______________________
_____
5. I eat a mango jelly.
________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ _______________________
6. They call to the nurse.
___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ _______________________
_____

7. I talked to the doctor last week.

_________________________________________ _______________________
___________________________________________________________ _____
8. She paid $100 dlls
___________________________________________________________
_______________________________ _________________________________
_____

TRACK 2

LISTENING

Exercise 3. Listen the information The Ebola and answer the next questions.

1. Where the Ebola cases are more common?

__________________________________________
_________________________________ _________

2. What is the CDC?

__________________________________________
_________________________________ _________

3. Who is the Doctor and professor that studied

Ebola cases in Guinea?
________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ _______________________

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 READING.

Exercise 4. Read the next information and then answer the questions using
the s impl
imple
e present. And then discuss with a partner.

New York Hos pit pita

al Offers to Trea
Treatt B ritis h B aby With Rare Dis ea
eass e
A leading academic medical center in New
York City has offered to treat Charlie Gard, an
11-month-old infant in Britain who was born
with a rare and fatal genetic disease.
European courts have ruled that he should be
taken off life support, as there are no effective
treatments for his condition. His parents were
denied permission to bring him to the United
States for experimental therapy. The court
decisions captured the attention of Pope Francis and President Trump, who tweeted
on Monday that if the United States could help, “we would be delighted to do so.” In
a statement issued Thursday by NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia
University Medical Center, officials agreed to admit Charlie as an inpatient as long
as he can be transferred safely and there are no legal or regulatory barriers to
treating him with an experimental medication. Alternately, officials said they would
be willing to ship an experimental drug to the Great Ormond Street Hospital in
London, where the baby is now being treated, if the Food and Drug Administration
approves. American physicians would “advise their medical staff on administering it
if they are willing to do so,” the statement said.

Charlie Gard was diagnosed with an extremely rare form of a disease called
mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, believed to affect just over a dozen children
worldwide. The syndrome prevents cells from producing the energy needed to
sustain organs. The baby was brought
br ought to the London hospital on Oct. 11, when his
parents, Connie
growing and Yates
could and
not lift Chris
his Gard,
head. bothbeen
He has in their 30s,
there noticed
since, he waswith
breathing not the help
of a ventilator and fed through a tube. He is deaf and suffers from persistent
seizures, and appears to have suffered brain damage. Researchers at Columbia
University have provided an experimental treatment to a child in Baltimore, Art
Estopinan Jr., suffering from a similar but less severe form of the syndrome. The
child’s father, Art Estopinan, said that he was contacted by Ms. Yates and Mr. Gard,
and in turn asked the researchers at Columbia University if they could help Charlie
Gard, as well. Art Jr. was 18 months old in 2012 when doctors diagnosed a form of
mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, and said he had less than two months to
live. “Everyone told me the same thing: There is no medication, there is no cure,”
Mr. Estopinan said.

The treatment, called nucleoside therapy, is not approved by the F.D.A., but can be
requested under exceptions for compassionate use. Mr. Estopinan said with
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 treatment, his son has slowly but steadily become stronger. Now 6, Art Jr. can’t
walk, but he can move his hands and feet. He breathes with the help of a ventilator,
is fed through a tube and needs round-the-clock care. Mr. Estopinan said he was
speaking out because “my wife and I believe that little Charlie Gard should be given
a chance, because we believe there is hope.” Ms. Yates and Mr. Gard have raised
about $1.7 million to pay for the experimental treatment and to travel to the United
States for care.

Where is this hospital?

__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ _________________________

What does this hospital try?

__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ _________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ _________________________

What is the name of the strange/rare disease?

__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ _________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________ ________________________________

Why do the parents believe in this hospital?

__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ _________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ _________________________

 SPEAKING

Exercise 5. Answer the next questions and share your answers.

1. In your opinion and experience, which nursing department is the most

stressful and challenging? Oncology? OR? CCU?

2. In your opinion and experience, which nursing department is the most

easy or relaxing place?

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 3 Rooms and equipment

VOCABULARY

Exercise 1. Match the correct vocabulary

vocabulary about Hospital Staff and relate with
the pictures.
A)Lab Technician B) wheelchair C) forceps D) sharp containers E) bed pan F) scalpel
G) latex gloves H) thermometer I) Biohazard waste Container J) tongue depressor
K) X-Ray L) stethoscope M) defibrillator N) cast O) crutches P) sling Q) syringe R) bandage

What other equipment do you know?

 SPEAKING
Exercise 2. According the previous vocabulary, work with a classmate and
mention the usage of some devices used in a hospital.

E x ampl
mple.
e. Latex
Latex G lo
loves
ves are disposable gloves used during medical
examinations and procedures that help prevent cross-contamination
between caregivers and patients.

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 GRAMMAR
Look the next grammar information and answer the corresponding
exercise.

IN ON NEXT TO ABOVE UNDER

BETWEEN
BEHIND IN FRONT

OF
BELOW

Exercise 3. According the previous vocabulary, answer the corresponding

questions using P repo
reposs itions of pl
pla
ace.

Where is the clock?

____________________________
____________________________
_______________________ _____

Where is the patient?

____________________________
____________________________
_______________________ _____

Where is the nurse?

____________________________
____________________________
_______________________ _____

Where are the medicines?

________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ _________________________
__

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 READING.

Exercise 4. Read the next information and then answer the questions using the
s i mple pres ent. And then discuss with a partner.

Top 10 Greatest Medical Discoveries of All Time

Science has never moved at such a rapid rate as it is now and as each discovery
brings with it countless more developments, it stands to reason that our scientific
understanding has ‘snowballed’ with time. So great are many of these
developments in fact, and so much have they impacted our daily lifestyles, that it’s
sometimes almost impossible to imagine a world before many of these
breakthroughs. This is particularly true of medical discoveries, and while we might
complain of long hospital waiting lists or the poor bedside manner of some of the
nurses, we shouldn’t forget that only a few generations ago the same condition that
is now an ‘irritation’ could have led to the loss of a limb... without anaesthetic.

To celebrate these developments then, and to put things back in perspective

somewhat, let’s look at ten of the most important medical discoveries of all time,
and at how they have changed the world for the better. It leaves you wondering –
what will the world be like in another hundred years?

10) Vitamins – The discovery of vitamins by Frederick Hopkins and contemporaries,

accomplished through feeding studies using animals at the start of the 1900s, led to
a far better understanding of nutrient and helped to prevent many illnesses and
conditions that resulted from deficiencies.

9) HIV – HIV was discovered in the 1980s by Robert Gallo and Luc Montagnier and
following an influx of patients around the time. This discovery of course led to a
greater awareness of the dangers of unprotected sex as well as to the various
treatments that exist today to make the condition manageable.

8) The Circulatory System – The concept of the circulatory system was first
described in 1242 by the physician Ibn al-Nafis, and first brought to prominence in
1628 by William Harvey. This led to a far better understanding of the human body in
general and to many of the treatments and techniques we now take for granted.

7) X-Ray – Before x-rays repairing broken bones and identifying the cause of many
other problems would have been hugely more difficult and has played a role in
colouring our understanding of the human body even further. When Conrad
Rontgen first discovered the technique in 1895 he used it to create an image of his
wife’s hand.

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 6) DNA – DNA was discovered by the Swiss physician Friedrich Miescher and was
at first known as ‘nuclein’ (what was wrong with that name?).
name?) . This has led to a much
better understanding of a range of diseases and illnesses, but is likely to lead to
many more discoveries in the future as gene therapy becomes more widely used.
Of course the discovery of DNA has also lead to many important discussions on the
nature of humanity and our role in our own evolution.

5) Insulin – Before the discovery of the hormone insulin in 1920 by Frederick

Banting, diabetes was a condition that would lead to a slow and unpleasant death.
Today, thanks to this finding, most diabetic patients manage to live normal and full
lives which has affected the lives of millions of people around the world.

4) Anaesthetic – If you ever had to have an operation without any form of

anaesthetic then you would likely have a whole new appreciation for just how
important this discovery was. Before anaesthetic you had a rope to bite into and a
shot of vodka...

3) Germ Theory – While we’ll get to penicillin soon enough, it wouldn’t have been
possible with Louis Pasteur’s initial ‘germ theory’ which shed light on the causes of
diseases and lead to many of the hygiene practices we now take for granted.

2) Vaccination – Originally in the Western World the concept of vaccination – using

small doses of disease to teach the body to protect itself from certain viruses – was
a controversial one. However it is only thanks to vaccinations that we have
managed to stop the spread of many epidemics and even completely eradicate
some of the world’s most deadly diseases.

1) Penicillin – Discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928, this is the one that

everyone learns about in school, and was the big ‘game changer’ for modern
medicine. Essentially the discovery of penicillin is responsible for the development
of all the antibiotics that we use today to combat bacteria. Before that, if you got a
cut on your leg and it became infected you would have had to choose between
death or amputation...

1. In your opinion, what is the most useful invention related to nursing?

____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________ _________________________

2. In your opinion, what is the less useful invention in general life?

____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________ _________________________

3. What kind of invention you could not leave without

w ithout it?

____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________ _________________________

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 4. The body

VOCABULARY

Exercise 1. According with the picture relates the part of body and writes in
the chart the correct vocabulary and the diseases related with them.

# PART OF THE BODY DISEASE(S) RELATED TO THE

PART OF THE BODY
1
1
2 2
3
3
5 4 4
6
5
7
6
8
7
9 8
10
9
11
10
11
13 12
12
14 13
14
15 15
16
16
17
17
18 18
19 19

What other parts of the body do you know?

 SPEAKING

Exercise 2. According the previous vocabulary, answer the next questions and
share with your classmates.

1. How many body systems are there?

2. Could you mention them?

3. Which body system do you consider is the most important? Why?

17
 Note: You can use ‘than’ to do a
GRAMMAR comparison or ‘as…as’

Look the next chart and answer the corresponding exercise.

COMPARATIVES VS. SUPERLATIVES

Comparative
two things. is the name for the grammar used when highlight the characteristic of
In the superlative you talk about one thing only and how it is the best, worst, etc.
You do not compare two things.
ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
ONE syllable Clean Cleaner The cleanest
ONE syllable Nice Nicer The nicest
Ending in -E
ONE syllable big bigger The biggest
Consonant+
Short Vowel+
Consonant
TWO syllables crazy crazier The craziest
Ending in -Y

TWO or MORE
syllables beautiful more beautiful The most beautiful
Common good better The best
Exceptions bad worse The worst

Exercise 3. According the previous information complete the next chart.

Adjective Superlative Comparative

Angry
Bloody
Calm
Deep
Crazy
Sore
Dirty
Busy
Difficult
Tired

Exercise 4. Create some sentences using comparative or superlative form.

1._____________________________________________________________

2._____________________________________________________________

3._____________________________________________________________

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 Exercise 5. Read the sentences and complete using comparative or
superlative form.

1.The skin is the ________________organ. (large)

2. The body burn _________ calories sleeping than watching TV. (many)
3.The tongue is the ___________ healing part of your body. (fast)

4. The ___________ finger is your index finger. (sensitive)

5. Human thigh bones are ___________ than concrete (strong)
6. Humas have________________________ than a caterpillar. (few)
7 .Foot is the _____________body part bitten by insect. (common)
8. Womens hearts beat __________ than mens (fast)
9. The ___________ substance in the human body is enamel. (hard)
10. Blood is 6 times ________ than water. (thicker)
( thicker)

Exercise 6. Complete the next phrases about you.

The coldest place I’ve been to was…_______ _____________________________
The best concert I’ve ever been to was…_____________ ____________________

The worst song I’ve ever heard…________________________________ _______

The most dangerous place I’ve been in…________________________________
TRACK 3
LISTENING

Exercise 7. Listen the information and answer the next questions.

What are the benefits of gelatin’s consuming?

_________________________________________
_________________________________________
__________________________________ _______

What kinds of parts of the body are beneficed?

_________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ _________________________
_______

What could be the cons of gelatin’s consuming?

_________________________________________ _________________________
__________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ _________________________
__

What are the doctor’s recommendations if you consume gelatin?

__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ _________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ _________________________

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 READING.

Exercise 8. Read the next information and then answer the questions. And then
discuss with a partner.

How a human body becomes an exhibit

Plastination of human bodies is an expensive and time-
consuming process, according to the Institute of
Plastination, a German firm that operates the human
anatomy exhibitor Body Worlds.
When a body is put through the process,
decomposition of the tissue is first stopped by
by
formaldehyde or by freezing. The cadaver is then either
dissected or sawed into slices, depending on how it will
be preserved.
Frozen body fluids are replaced by acetone in a frigid (13 degrees below zero) acetone bath.

Most specimens, particularly bones and intestines, must be defatted in room-temperature

acetone before plastination can begin. In a vacuum chamber, the acetone is squeezed out of
the specimen and gradually replaced with plastic.
The plastic of choice for whole-organ
whole-org an specimens is usually silicone rubber, because it gives
the specimens elasticity and a natural look. For cross-sections, a hard polymerized epoxy
resin is used. The silicone rubber is gas-cured; the resin is heat-cured.
Because the weight of the water in the human body is about equal to the weight of the infused
plastic, a plastinated body weighs about the same as a living one.
Each whole-body specimen requires up to 1,500 hours of work to prepare, usually over eight
to 12 months. Because the process is so labor-intensive, costs can run as high as $60,000 per
body.

Another human anatomy exhibitor, Premier Exhibitions,

Exhibitions, describes its preservat
preservation
ion process in
similar terms.

1. Explain with your own words the Plastination process.

__________________________________ _______________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
________________________________________ _____________________

2. Would you like to donate your body

bod y for an exhibition? Why?

________________________________________ _________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
__________________________________ ___________________________

20
 5. The Blood
VOCABULARY

Exercise 1. According with the picture relates the blood vocabulary and
relate with the correct pictures.

a)Blood cells b)circulatory system c)plasma d)Granulocytes e)White

blood cells f)B cells g)T cells h)Red blood cells i)Hemoglobin j)blood
k)bone marrow l)Lymphocytes m)Monocytes n) Platelets o) Plasma

GRAMMAR
Look the next chart and answer the corresponding exercise.

Subject + Verb be + (-ing) form of a Complement

verb** +
I am studying to become a nurse
He/she/it is Working
We/They/You are walking in the room

Exercise 2. Complete the following sentences using present continuous.

1. The Doctor ______________________________to the operating room. (go)
2. I__________________________________________ to work.(go)
3. The nurses _________________________________________har
_________________________________________hard. d. (work)
4. The patient _______________________ better with the new treatment. (get)
5. Her blood pressure ________________________________very fast. (rise)
6. She ________________ dinner with the hospital manager tomorrow. (have)

21
 READING.

Exercise 3. Read the next information and then answer the questions. And then
discuss with a partner.

Blood and the Body

The average person has about one to one and a half gallons
of a liquid inside its body called blood. Blood is the most
essential and important part of the body's circulatory system.
The circulatory system is responsible for the movement of
blood throughout the body through blood vessels. The
heart is the pump that makes it all happen.

Blood has several ingredients found inside the body that are
mixed together. Bone marrow, located inside the bones of
the body, makes most of these ingredients that come together to produce blood. They include
red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. In addition, a fourth ingredient called plasma,
which is mostly water, is another important component of blood. Each of these components
have a special function for the body.

Red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body. It is the most abundant of the different
cells inside the blood. A chemical called hemoglobin is carried by the red blood cells and
gives blood its red color, and carries the oxygen too all parts of the body. The hemoglobin
receives the oxygen each time a person breathes.
White blood cells help the body fight infections and are larger than red blood cells. They are
not as abundant as red blood cells especially when a person is healthy. However, they
increase in number when a person gets sick in order to fight off the illness. There are three
kinds of white blood cells.

Granulocytes
enter the body.help heal woundsinclude
Lymphocytes after anBinjury, prevent
cells and infections,
T cells. B cellsand killsproduce
help germs before they
antibodies
which gets rid of germs when a person like bacteria or viruses. These cells also help prevent a
person from getting the same germ in the future. T cells also battle germs by producing
special chemicals to fight infections. Monocytes surround and destroy bacteria and viruses
which can cause infections.
Platelets are cells that help stop the body from bleeding if it gets cut. When a person's skin is
broken blood vessels are also cut. The platelets send out a chemical signal for the cut to
eventually clot and stop bleeding by sticking together. The blood vessels heal during the
process of clotting. Without platelets the bleeding would never stop.
Plasma is a yellowish liquid that carries hormones, nutrients, and proteins throughout the
body. It is mostly made of water but the nutrients come from the chemicals in digested food.
The chemicals give the body energy and other things the cells of the body need to keep it
working and healthy. The hormones carried by the plasma carry messages throughout the

22
body that gets muscles and bones to grow. The proteins in the body work with the platelets to
help with clotting. Plasma also carries away cell waste.
Finally, even though everybody's blood is red, it is not all the same. There are eight
different blood types which are described using the letters A, B, and O. The letters
represent specific proteins found on the red blood cells, and not everyone has the
same proteins. A person's blood type is also either positive or negative, which tells
whether the body has a special protein called 'Rh'.
In summary, blood is important for the body, which contains four major components,
red and white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. The blood inside the body helps keep
a person well, which is why it is important to eat healthy so a person can get the
vitamins and minerals it needs.
1) Which of the following systems of the body is responsible for the movement
of blood?
A: Digestive B: Respiratory C: Circulatory D: Excretory

2) Which of the following components of blood helps fight infections?

A: White blood cells B: Red blood cells C: Platelets D: Plasma

3) Which of the following components of blood carries hormones, nutrients, and

proteins?
A: White blood cells B: Red blood cells C: Platelets D: Plasma

4) Which of the following components of blood helps stop a cut from bleeding?
A: White blood cells B: Red blood cells C: Platelets D: Plasma

5) Which of the following components of blood includes T cells and B cells?

A: White blood cells B: Red blood cells C: Platelets D: Plasma

6) Which of the following is carried by plasma to help the body with growth?
A: B cells B: Hormones C: Monocytes D: Lymphocytes

Exercise 4. Write the translation of the following words:

Blood:___________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
______________
Red blood cells:_________________________________________________
White blood cells:________________________________________________
Platelets:_______________________________________________________
Monocytes:_____________________________________________________

23
 6. The Circulator S s t em
VOCABULARY

picture relates the part of heart and writes in

Exercise 1. According with the picture
the chart the correct vocabulary and the diseases related with them.

a) aorta

b)right atria

c)left ventricle

d)right ventricle

e)superior vena cava

f)mitral valve
g)tricuspid valve

TRACK 4
LISTENING

Exercise 2. Listen the information about C ircula

irculattory S ys tem and answer the
next questions.

1. What is the circulatory system?

_______________________________________________________
_________________________________________ ______________
2. How the circulatory is composing?
_______________________________________________________
_________________________________________ ______________
3. What are some heart diseases?
_______________________________________________________
_________________________________________ ______________
4. How can you
you prevent heart diseases?

_______________________________________________________
_________________________________________ ______________

24
 GRAMMAR
Look the next chart and answer the corresponding exercise.

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

When we want to indicate that something happened at a specific time in the past, we use
the simple past tense.
Subject + Past form of a verb + Complement
I examined the patient two weeks ago
POSITIVE
He/she/it examined the patient yesterday
We/They/You examined the patient last night
Subject + Did not (din’t) +verb in Complement
a simple form
NEGATIVE I didn’t examine the patient two weeks ago
He/she/it didn’t examine the patient yesterday
We/They/You didn’t examine the patient last night
Did + Subject Verb in a simple form Complement + ?
Did I examine the patient two weeks ago?
QUESTION
He/she/it examine the patient yesterday?
We/They/You examine the patient last night?

Note: In English we have two kind of verbs, irregular (change their form) and
regular verbs (normally add – –ed
ed to the end of the verb), there is no rule to
identify if is regular o not so you have to learn them.
Examples: Regular Verbs / Irregular verbs
Call ---- called Go --- did

Exercise 3. Rewrite the following sentences, using simple past.

The nurse is doing a ward round. ---- The nurse did a ward round.

The doctor works late during weekdays.___________________________________

She comes off duty at 7:00 a.m. _________________________________________

The porter is taking a patient to the x-ray department._________________________

Exercise 4. Make questions using simple past.

The nurse is doing

doing a ward round. ---- Did the nurse do a w
ward
ard round?

The doctor works late during weekdays.____________________________________

She comes off duty at 7:00 a.m. __________________________________________

She gives injections to the patient._________________________________________

25
 GRAMMAR
Look the next chart and answer the corresponding exercise.

Simple Past (was/were)

When we want to indicate that something happened at a specific time in the past, we use

the simple past tense with ‘was’ and ‘‘were

were’’.
Subject + To be (past) + Complement
POSITIVE I /He/she/it was a nurse
We/They/You were at the hospital
Subject + To be (past) + Not + Complement
NEGATIVE I / He / She / It was not a nurse
You / We / They were not at the hospital
Was / Were + Subject + Complement + ?
QUESTION Was I / He / She / It a nurse ?
Were You / We / They at the hospital?

Note: Contraction (short form): was not = wasn’t / were not = weren’t

Exercise 5.Change the medical verbs in past and then choose some of them
to create complete past sentences.

# PRESENT PAST PRESENT PAST

TENSE TENSE TENSE TENSE
1 diagnose replace
2 suffer degenerate
3 examine refer
4 prescribe paralyse
5 carry obstruct
6 operate practice
7 cure try
8 recover recommend
9 analyse react
10 infect bring

1. + SENTENCE: _________________________________________
________________________________________________
_______

2. - SENTENCE: ______________________________________
________________________________________________
__________

3. ? QUESTION:________________________________________________

4. + SENTENCE: _________________________________________
________________________________________________
_______

5. - SENTENCE: _______________________________________________
_________________________________________________

26
 READING.

Exercise 6. Read the next information and then answer the questions using the
s i mple pas
pastt. And then discuss with a partner.

Early warning signs of heart attacks 'being

'be ing missed'
Early warning signs may have been missed in up to one in six people who died
of a heart attack in English hospitals, a study suggests.
All heart attack admissions and deaths between 2006 and 2010 were analysed.
Imperial College London researchers found 16% of those who died had been
admitted to hospital in the previous 28 days. Some had warning signs like chest
pain.

The British Heart Foundation has called the research "concerning".

The study authors from the School of Public Health at Imperial College say
more research is "urgently needed".
Alison Fillingham, 49, was at work when she felt a
deep ache in her neck and collarbone. She
continued her rounds as a homecare nurse before
phoning a colleague to ask for advice when the
pain didn't go away.
An ambulance
amb ulance was called an
andd a panic attack was
diagnosed. But blood tests later in hospital
showed that Alison had had a heart attack.
"I've been a nurse for 24 years but I didn't think it was anything to do with my
heart. My symptoms were not typical. You expect central chest pain. You think
of people clutching their chest but it wasn't like that at all."
And she says there was no urgency about the care she received from
paramedics. "If my heart attack hadn't been picked up in hospital, the artery
would have blocked completely and I wouldn't be here now."
Last year, Alison, from Lancashire, had coronary artery bypass surgery and is
now feeling "fabulous" after taking a few months off before returning to work.
She says: "I was a healthy, active person. I was swimming, hiking and doing
yoga three times a week - and now I'm running about again."

27
The research, published in the Lancet, looked at the hospital records of all
135,950 deaths in England due to heart attacks over the four-year period.
The records showed whether the person had been admitted to hospital in the
previous four weeks and whether signs of a heart attack were recorded as the
primary reason for the hospital admission, a secondary reason or not recorded
at all.
The data showed 21,677 of the patients had no mention of heart attack
symptoms in their hospital records.
Lead author Dr Perviz Asaria said: "Doctors are very good at treating heart
attacks when they are the main cause of admission, but we don't do very well
treating secondary heart attacks or at picking up subtle signs which might point
to a heart attack death in the near future."

1. What was the problem with Alison Fillingham?

_______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ ______________________
_______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ ______________________

2. Could it be avoided?

_______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ ______________________
_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________ __________________________________

3. How were her symptoms?

_______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ ______________________
_______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ ______________________

4. What was her reaction?

_______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ ______________________
_______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ ______________________

5. How was she like before the accident?

_______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ ______________________
_______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ ______________________

28
 7. Respiratory System

VOCABULARY

Exercise 1. According with the picture relates the correct vocabulary in the
chart about Respiratory System.

a) Pharynx

b) Left lung

c) Right lung

d) Larynx

e) Nasal cavity

f) Trachea

g) Diaphragm

h) Epiglottis
i) Nostril

j) Primary bronchus

k) Pleural cavity

TRACK 5
LISTENING

Exercise 2. Listen the information about R espira

espirattory S ys tem and answer the
next questions.

1. When the respiratory system does take place?

_______________________________________________________
_________________________________________ ______________
2. What is the respiratory system?
_______________________________________________________
_________________________________________ ______________
3. What parts of the repository are mentioned?
_______________________________________________________
__________________________________ _____________________
4. What kinds of diseases about respiratory system are mentioned?

_______________________________________________________
_________________________________________ ______________

29
 GRAMMAR
Look the next chart and answer the corresponding exercise.

PAST CONTINUOUS
The past continuous (progressive) puts emphasis on the course of an action in the past
and is formed from the past tense of be with the -ing form of the verb*:

Subject + Past of be+ verb -ing Complement

POSITIVE I was checking the patient when he got asleep.

Subject + past of be in negative + Complement

NEGATIVE verb in -ing
They weren’t doing the ward.

Past of be Subject+ verb in -ing Complement + ?

QUESTION Was she checking her patient?

NOTE I, She, He and It= was

You, we, and they= were

Exercise 3. Make sentences using past continuous.

+ SENTENCE: (The Physician /write/a prescription)

_____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ ______________________
__
- SENTENCE: (The Doctor /check/ a patient)
___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ ______________________
____
? QUESTION: (The Stethoscope/not/work)
___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ ______________________
____
+ SENTENCE: (The Nurse/practice/a physical examination)
______________________________________________________________
_______________________________ ________________________________
_
- SENTENCE: (The patient/answer/the questions)
___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ ______________________
____
? QUESTION: (The patient/take/medicine)
___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ ______________________
____

30
 READING.

Exercise 4. Read the next information and then answer the questions using the
pastt co
pas contin
ntinuous
uous . And then discuss with a partner.

PORTABLE BREATH SENSOR DEVELOPED TO IDENTIFY SIGNS OF LUNG CANCER

The breath of people with lung cancer is different

from that of healthy people -- it contains higher
concentrations of alkanes and other volatile organic
compounds.
Researchers have known this for years and have
tried to develop breath-sensing systems that could
diagnose the disease, as an alternative to CT scans
and other current diagnostic methods. The systems have tended to be costly,
requiring complicated equipment and techniques to concentrate the compounds so
they reach detectable levels.
Gang Peng of the Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa and colleagues have now
developed what they say is an inexpensive, portable sensor technology that can
quickly distinguish between the breath of lung cancer patients and healthy people.
The sensor, described in Nature Nanotechnology, uses tiny particles of gold, five-
billionths of a meter in diameter, that are capped with organic compounds chosen
for their ability to react with four of the volatile compounds found in higher
concentrations in the breath of lung cancer patients. When the particles are
deposited in a thin film between two electrodes, they act as an electrical resistor.
The researchers found that when an array of nine resistors was exposed to exhaled
breath, the resistance changed as compounds in the breath reacted with the
compounds on the gold particles. The patterns of the changes in the array differed
depending on whether the subjects had lung cancer or not.
The researchers are continuing to develop the system, and say that a similar
approach might work for the diagnosis of other diseases as well.
1. What the newspaper’s article was talking about?
_________________________________________________________________
________________________________________ _________________________
_________________________________________________________________
________________________________________ _________________________
2. How was composing that device?
_________________________________________________________________
_______________________________ __________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
__________________________ _______________________________________

31
 8. Digestive System

VOCABULARY

Exercise 1. According with the picture relates the correct vocabulary in

the chart about Digestive System

a) stomach j) tongue

b) gallbladder k) rectum

c) colon l) anus

d) duodenum m) small intestine

e) liver n) large intestine

f) salivary glands o) cecum

g) esophagus p) oral cavity

h) pancreas q) appendiz

i) common bile duct

VOCABULARY

Exercise 2. Investigate the next information about Dig est

estive
ive S yste
ystem
m and
define the next concepts in your notebook.

 Pharynx  Liver
 Esophagus  Gallbladder
 Stomach  Pancreas
 Small intestines  Large intestines

32
 GRAMMAR

Look the next chart and answer the corresponding exercise.

PAST CONTINUOUS
We normally use WILL to speak about the future. You u
use
se future to talk about: predictions,
spontaneous decisions/opinions or assumptions regarding the future,
f uture, promises or threats
and actions in the future cannot be influenced.
POSITIVE Subject + Will + Infinitive
Infiniti ve Complement
without
“to” +
I / you /we will go to the hospital
/they
He / she / it will go to the hospital

NEGATIVE Subject Will + NOT or Infinitive complement

+ Won’t + without “to”
+
I / you /we Will not / won’t go to the hospital
/they
He / she / it Will not / won’t go to the hospital

QUESTION
Aux + Subject + Verb + Completement + ?

Will I / you / he / she / be tired?

it / we / they
Will I / you / he / she / be tired?
it / we / they
NOTE
CONTRACTIONS
I will = I'll You will = you'll He will = he'll

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with the words below using will, will
not/ won’t, or question.

1. You _____________ to go home two days after your operation. (Positive)

2020. (Negative)
2. The new Cardiology Unit ________________________in 2020.(Negative)

3. _____________ the nurse ___________________ the patient?(Question)

patient? (Question)

4. If you take the pill, you _______________________________.(Negative)

_______________________________. (Negative)

5. The patient _________________________ a surgery tomorrow.(Positive)

tomorrow. (Positive)

6. _____ the porter __________ the patient to the radiology department? (Question)

33
 WRITING

Exercise 4. According the previous information, write your plans or goals at

future using will.

34
 READING.

Exercise 5. Read the next information

informat ion and then answer the questions. And then
discuss with a partner.

Getting the inside story on health of your colon

So there I was, on hands and knees, crawling

through a 40-foot long, four-foot-high, human
colon.

It wasn't a real colon, of course. No human has

a colon that size, except maybe Marlon
Brando, and I'm sure he has security people to
prevent media access.

No, this was a replica. It's called the Colossal

Colon, and I'm not making it up. It was
conceived of by a 26-year-old cancer survivor named Molly McMaster as a way to get
people
THINK to talk about
about. I sure their
don't,colons. This
and I bet is a
you topicBut
don't. thatif most people
you never don't
talk evendoctor
to your like to
about your colon, you might never get screened for colon cancer - the second leading
cause of cancer death, though it's preventable
preven table - and you could die, and THEN think
how you'd feel.

That's the idea behind the Colossal Colon, which is currently traveling around the
nation on a 20-city tour . I caught up with the colon in South Beach, a part of Miami
Beach known for sophistication and glamour. You can barely swing your arms there
without striking an international supermodel, or a Rolling Stone, or, at the bare
minimum, a Baldwin brother. I felt that the Colossal Colon fit right in.

The colon was set up inside an air-conditioned tent, along with displays of helpful
information,
were: "DON'T including
stop foralong
list of "DOs"ofand
periods "DON'Ts"
time inside offor
thevisitors.
Colossal Among the
Colon" DON'Ts
and "DON'T
horseplay inside of the Colossal Colon." I thought the wisest advice was: "DON'T leave
your children unattended."

If you're a parent, there are few experiences more embarrassing than when you report
a missing child to the police, and the officer asks you where you last saw little Tiffany,
and you have to answer: "She was entering a giant colon."

The Colossal Colon, shaped like huge "C ,” is made from plywood and polyurethane
foam. It has been sculpted and painted to look very realistic, so much so that I was
frankly reluctant to crawl inside. I was worried about
a bout how far they carried the realism.
rea lism. I
mean, what if you got deep inside there, and you suddenly were confronted, fun-
house-style, by some
character, such guy wearing
as Tommy a costume
Tapeworm, or, Goddepicting an educational
forbid, Fred Food? colon-dwelling

35
Fortunately, this did not happen. But the journey through the Colossal Colon is no walk
in the park. You start out at the end labeled "Healthy Colon, " and for a short while it's
a pleasant enough crawl. But pretty soon you start running into bad things: first
Crohn's disease, then diverticulitis, then polyps, then precancerous polyps, then colon
cancer, then advanced colon cancer,
can cer, and finally - just when you see the light at the
end of the tunnel, and start to think you're safe - you find yourself face to face (so to
speak) with one of mankind's worst nightmares: Hemorrhoids the size of regulation
NFL footballs.

Shaken? You bet I was shaken. It was with weak knees that I emerged from the end of
the colon (medical name: "The Geraldo"). There I was asked by a member of the
Colossal Colon's entourage (yes, it has an entourage) to sign a pledge promising to
consult with my doctor about my colon. I signed the pledge, although to be honest, I
did not consult with my doctor. I consulted instead with my friend and longtime medical
advisor Gene Weingarten, who is widely acknowledged to be the foremost
hypochondriac practicing in America today.

Gene told me that he'd been screened for colon cancer, and that the procedure was
not nearly as bad as I imagined. This is good, because I imagined that it involved a
large, cruel medical technician named "Horst" and 70,000 feet of chairlift cable. But
Gene assured me that it's nothing like that, and that they make you very comfortable
(by which I mean "give you drugs"). Gene says they make you so comfortable that
you'll be laughing and exchanging "high fives" with Horst (make sure he washes his
hands first).

So I'm going to get the screening, darn it. I hope you do, too, assuming you actually
get to see this column. I suspect some editors will decide not to print it, because it
contains explicit words that some readers may find distasteful, such as "Geraldo." If
you're one of those readers, I apologize if I offended you. But remember: I'm writing
this because maybe - just maybe - it will save your life. BY DAVE BARRY

1. What is the purpose of this project?

_________________________________________________________________
________________________________________ _________________________
_________________________________________________________________
________________________________________ _________________________

2. Explain talking in future. How would these kinds of projects could change
the perspective of some difficult or common diseases?

_________________________________________________________________
________________________________________ _________________________
_________________________________________________________________
________________________________________ _________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________ _________________________
_

36
 9. Physical Assessment

VOCABULARY

Exercise 1. According with the picture relates the correct vocabulary in

the chart about Phys ica entt.
icall As s ess men
a) Penlight

b) Body build

c) Palpation

d) Otoscope

e) Auscultation

f) Affect

What instruments do you use during a physical examination?

WRITING

Exercise 2. Look for the following definitions. And write their definitions.
Anosmia ______________________________________________________
_________________________ _____________________________
Edema________________________________________________________
Erythema______________________________________________________

Focal_________________________________________________________
Kyphosis______________________________________________________
Murmur_______________________________________________________
Naris_________________________________________________________
Nystagmus____________________________________________________
Patent________________________________________________________
Plantar________________________________________________________
Ptosis_________________________________________________________
Sclera________________________________________________________

37
 GRAMMAR
Look the next chart and answer the corresponding exercise.

Cardinal 0 – zero 11 – eleven 21 – twenty-one 31-

Numbers 1 – one 12 – twelve 22 – twenty-two 40 – forty
2 – two 13- thirteen 23- twenty-three 50 – fifty
3 – three 14- fourteen 24- twenty-four 60 – sixty
4 – four 15 – eleven 25- twenty-five 70 – seventy
5 – five 16 – twelve 26- twenty-six 80 – eighty
6 – six 17- thirteen 27- twenty-seven 90 – ninety
7 – seven 18 – eighteen 28- twenty-eight 100 – hundred
8 – eight 19 – nineteen 29- twenty-nine 1000 – thousand
9 – nine 20 – twenty 30- thirty 1000000 – million
10 – ten

Ordinal 1s first
first 11 el
elev
event
enthh 21s twenty-first 31s thirty-first
n
Numbers 2 seseco
cond
nd 12 tw
twel
elft
fth
h 22n twenty- 40 for
orti
tiet
eth
h
second
3r thir
thirdd 13 thir
thirtee
teenth
nth 23r twenty
twenty-thi
-thirdrd 50 fif
fiftie
tieth
th
4 fou
ourtrth
h 14 fo
four
urttee
eent
nth
h 24 tw
twen
enty
ty-f
-fou
ourt rth
h 60 si
sixxtie
ieth
th
5 fift
fifth
h 15 fif
fifteen
teentth 25 twenenty
ty-f
-fiift
fth
h 70 sev
even
enttie
ieth
th
6 sixt
sixthh 16 six
sixtee
teent
nth
h 26 twenenty
ty-s
-sixixtth 80 ei
eigght
htie
ieth
th
7 seventh 17 27 twenentty- 90 ni
nine
nettie
ieth
th
seventeenth seventh
8 eighth
hth 18 ei
eigghtee
hteentnth
h 28 tw
twen
entty- 100 one
eighth hundredth
9 ni
ninth
nth 19 ni
nine
nettee
eent
nth
h 29 twenenty
ty-n
-nininth
th 1,
1,00
0000 o one
ne
thousandth
10 tent
tenth
h 20 twen
enti
tiet
eth
h 30 thi
hirt
rtie
ieth
th 1,
1,00
000,
0,0
000 onone
e
millionth

TRACK 6-9
LISTENING

Exercise 3. Listen the next telephone numbers . Write the numbers on the
lines and write with letters too.
1. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ( _____________________________ )

2. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ( _____________________________ )

3. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ( _____________________________ )

4. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ( _____________________________ )

38
OTHER NUMBERS
Decimal 5.5261 = five point five two six one
points 3.1416 = three point one four one six

1999 - Nineteen ninety-nine

Years
1754 – Seventeen fifty- four
2017- Two thousand seventeen
½ - one half 4/8- four eighths
1/3 – one third 5/9- five ninths
Fractions 2/3 - two thirds 8/12- eight twelfths
¾ - three quarters

7:45 - seven forty-five

7:00 - seven o'clock (but 7:10 - ten past seven)
Time 11:06 - eleven (oh) six
7.15 - fifteen minutes past seven or 7.45 - fifteen minutes to eight
Note: '15 minutes past' is: a quarter past


SPEAKING

Exercise 4. Answer the next questions

questions in your notebook and then discuss
with a partner.

1. What is your favorite day of the week? Why?

2. Which time of the day do you hate most? Why?

4. Which month is the worst month of the year? Why?

6. How many seconds are there in a minute? … Minutes in an hour? …

Hours in a day?
8. What time do you have actually?

9. When is your birthday? Did you have a birthday party last year?

10. What’s today’s date?

11. It takes Julia 1/2 hour to wash, comb her hair and put on her clothes,
and 1/4 hour to have her breakfast. How much time does it take Julia to be
ready for school?

39
 READING.

Exercise 5. Read the next information and then answer the questions using the
previous chart about Numbers.

Annual Checkups Are a Waste of Time

Are routine doctor visits healthy or harmful?
An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of of cure, they say.
Getting annual physical exams to check under the hood and
make sure everything is working properly seems like a sensible
approach that can help us live longer, healthier lives. After all,
detecting serious illnesses at their earliest and most treatable
stages can save lives.

But it turns out this widely held notion doesn’t stand up to scientific
scrutiny: New Danish research has found no evidence that routine
checkups increased longevity or reduced the risks
r isks of dying from
diseases like cancer or heart disease. While the findings are counterintuitive, “the study adds
to growing evidence that periodic exams in otherwise healthy adults are a waste of money and
may even lead to overdiagnosis and unnecessary treatments,” says medical researcher Lasse
Krogsboll of the Nordic Cochrane Centre in Copenhagen. To investigate this idea, Krogsboll’s
team pooled data from 14 previous studies involving nearly 183,000 people, comparing
participants who were offered regular checkups with those who saw their doctors only when
they had a complaint. In looking at both groups, researchers found no difference in the number
of overall deaths, or even deaths due to cancer or heart disease. The checkups apparently
made no difference.

A handful of studies also suggested that general health checks had no impact on reducing
hospital admissions, disability, time off from work, or the anxieties
a nxieties of worried but healthy
people. In fact, patients who got annual
a nnual physicals were more likely to be misdiagnosed with
high blood pressure or high cholesterol, making them more likely to be prescribed
unnecessary drugs to treat these ailments. A few trials even indicated that large n numbers
umbers of
people learned they had harmless, but nevertheless alarming, medical abnormalities.
Experts suspect the reason for this unexpected result is that people who genuinely need to
see a doctor regularly—the elderly, sufferers of chronic medical conditions, and people with a
family history of diseases like diabetes or cancer —already do. Calling for yearly physicals for
otherwise healthy people tends to draw in the “worried well,” who don’t seem to derive any
added benefit from the extra attention.

“More is not always better,” says Domhnall MacAuley, a physician and editor at the British
Medical Journal who wrote an editorial accompanying the study. “Calling for systematic
assembly-line health checks consumes precious medical resources —in doctors’ time and
unnecessary treatments and tests—that could be better used elsewhere.” But this shouldn’t
be used as an excuse to skip dreaded physician’s visits, cautions Michael LeFevre, a family
physician at the University of Missouri medical school and co-vice chair of the U.S.
Preventive Services Task Force, a group of independent experts that evaluates the benefits
of preventive measures.

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 WRITING

Exercise 6. According the previous information. Answer the next questions

and share in class.

1. How many previous studies do the

Krogsboll’s team to investigate?

________________________________
________________________________

2. How many people do this study

involved?

________________________________
_________________________________

3. What is the normal blood high pressure?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ ________________________

4. When should you do a medical checkup?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ ________________________

5. When was the last time you had a medical checkup?

_________________________________________________________________
______________________________ ___________________________________

6. According the previous information, Is it convenient to have an annual checkup?

__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ _________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ _________________________

7. What do you consider a nurse’s skills need to have as physical assistant?

__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ _________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ _________________________
_

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