7

CHAPTER
Triangles

School Level

NCERT Exercise
2. ABCD is a quadrilateral in which AD = BC and
Exercise-I ∠DAB = ∠CBA. Prove that
1. In quadrilateral ACBD, AC = AD and AB bisects A D
∠A.
C

B
A B

C
D
(i) ∆ABD ≅ ∆BAC
Show that ∆ABC ≅ ∆ABD. (ii) BD = AC
What can you say about BC and BD? (iii) ∠ABD = ∠BAC.
Sol. Given: In a quadrilateral ACBD, AC = AD and AB Sol. Given: AD = BC and ∠DAB = ∠CBA
bisects ∠A i.e., ∠CAB = ∠DAB. To prove:
To prove: ΔABC ≅ ΔABD
(i) ΔABD ≅ ΔBAC
Proof: In ∆ACB and ∆ADB, (ii) BD = AC
(iii) ∠ABD = ∠BAC
AC = AD[Given]
Proof:
∠CAB = ∠DAB.  [⸪ AB bisects ∠A]
(i) In ΔABD and ΔBAC,
AB = AB[Common]
AD = BC  [Given]
⸫ ∆ABC ≅ ∆ABD  (By SAS)
∠DAB = ∠CBA  [Given]
 Hence proved.
AB = AB [Common]
Hence, BC = BD[C.P.C.T.] ⸫ ΔABD ≅ ΔBAC (By SAS)
 (ii) Hence, BD = AC[C.P.C.T.] AC = AC[Common]
(iii) Also, ∠ABD = ∠BAC[C.P.C.T.] ∠BAC = ∠DCA  [From (ii)]
3. AD and BC are equal perpendiculars to a line ⸫ ΔABC ≅ ΔCDA  (By ASA)
segment AB. Show that CD bisects AB. Hence proved.
B C 5. Line l is the bisector of an angle A and B is any
point on l. BP and BQ are perpendiculars from
B to the arms of ∠A. Show that:
(i) ∆APB ≅ ∆AQB
(ii) BP = BQ or B is equidistant from the arms
O
of ∠A.

D A Q l

Sol. Given: AD and BC are perpendicular to a line B

segment AB. Also, AD = BC.
A P
To prove: CD bisects AB i.e., OA = OB.
Proof: In ∆BOC and ∆AOD Sol. Given: l is the bisector of ∠A.
∠BOC = ∠AOD[vertically opposite angles] So, ∠PAB = ∠QAB  ...(i)
Also, BP and BQ are the perpendiculars from B to
∠CBO = ∠DAO  [each 90°]
the arms of ∠A.
BC = AD[Given]
So, ∠APB = ∠AQB = 90°  ...(ii)
⸫ ∆BOC ≅ ∆AOD  (By AAS)
To prove:

Hence, BO = AO  [By C.P.C.T.]
(i) ΔAPB ≅ ΔAQB
⇒ CD bisects AB.
(ii) BP = BQ
4. l and m are two parallel lines intersected by
another pair of parallel lines p and q. Show that Proof:
∆ABC ≅ ∆CDA. (i) In ∆APB and ∆AQB are,
p ∠APB = ∠AQB = 90°  [From (ii)]
q
AB = AB  [Common]
A D l ∠BAP = ∠BAQ [From (i)]
⸫ ∆APB ≅ ∆AQB (By ASA)
m (ii) Hence, BP = BQ  [C.P.C.T.]
B C
6. In the given figure, AC = AE, AB = AD and
∠BAD = ∠EAC. Show that BC = DE.
Sol. Given: In the given figure l || m and p || q
A
To prove: ∆ABC  ∆CDA E
Proof: As l || m and AC is the transversal.
⸫ ∠ACB = ∠CAD  ...(i) [Alternate angles]
Also, p || q and AC is the transversal.
B D C
⸫ ∠BAC = ∠DCA  ...(ii) [Alternate angles]
Now in ΔABC and ΔCDA, we have Sol. Given: In the given figure, AC = AE, AB = AD and
∠ACB = ∠CAD  [From (i)] ∠BAD = ∠EAC.
 To prove: BC = DE Point D is joined to point B (as shown in figure
Proof: We have, ∠BAD = ∠EAC  [Given] below). Show that:
On adding ∠DAC on both sides, we get D A
∠BAD + ∠DAC = ∠EAC + ∠DAC
⇒ ∠BAC = ∠DAE
Now, in ∆ABC and ∆ADE, we have M
∠BAC = ∠DAE  [Proved above]
B C
AB = AD[Given]
AC = AE [Given] (i) ∆AMC ≅ ∆BMD
⸫ ∆ABC ≅ ∆ ADE  (By SAS) (ii) ∠DBC is a right angle.
(iii) ∆DBC ≅ ∆ACB
⇒ BC = DE  [C.P.C.T.]
1
7. AB is a line segment and P is its mid-point. D (iv) CM = AB
and E are points on the same side of AB such 2
that ∠BAD = ∠ABE and ∠EPA = ∠DPB. Show Sol. Given: ∠ACB = 90° and M is the mid-point of AB.
that Also, DM = CM.
(i) ∆DAP ≅ ∆EBP (ii) AD = BE. To prove:
E D (i) ΔAMC ≅ ΔBMD
(ii) ∠DBC is a right angle.
(iii) ΔDBC ≅ ΔACB
1
(iv) CM = AB
A B 2
P
Proof:
Sol. Given: P is the mid-point of a line segment AB.
(i) In ∆AMC and ∆BMD
So, AP = BP  ...(i)

AM = BM[M is mid point of AB]
Also, ∠BAD = ∠ABE and ∠EPA = ∠DPB.

∠AMC = ∠BMD [Vertically opposite angles]
To prove:

CM = DM  [Given]
(i) ΔDAP ≅ ΔEBP
⸫ ∆AMC ≅ ∆BMD  (by SAS)
(ii) AD = BE
Hence proved.
Proof: ∠EPA = ∠DPB[Given]
(ii) Hence, AC = BD ...(i) [By C.P.C.T.]
On adding ∠EPD on both sides, we get
Also, CM = DM  ...(ii) [By C.P.C.T.]
∠EPA + ∠EPD = ∠DPB + ∠EPD
Also, ∠ACM = ∠BDM  [By C.P.C.T.]
⇒ ∠APD = ∠BPE  ...(ii)
But, ∠ACM and ∠BDM are alternate interior
(i) In ∆DAP and ∆BPE,
angles.
∠A = ∠B[Given]
Since alternate angles are equal.
AP = PB [From (i)]
Hence, we can say that DB || AC.
∠APD = ∠BPE [From (ii)]

⇒ ∠DBC + ∠ACB = 180° [Co-interior Angles]
⸫ ∆DAP ≅ ∆EBP  (By ASA)

⇒ ∠DBC + 90° = 180° [⸪ ∠ACB = 90°]
(ii) Hence, AD = BE[C.P.C.T.]

⇒ ∠DBC = 90°
8. In right triangle ABC, right angled at C, M is
Hence proved.
the mid-point of hypotenuse AB. C is joined to M
and produced to a point D such that DM = CM. (iii) Now in ∆DBC and ∆ACB,

46 Class-IX MATHEMATICS P
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DB = AC [From (i)]  [Angles opposite to equal sides]

∠DBC = ∠ACB [each 90°] 1 1
∠ACB = ∠ABC

BC = CB[Common] 2 2
⸫ ∆DBC ≅ ∆ACB (By SAS) From (1) and (2), we get
Hence proved.
∠OCB = ∠OBC
(iv) Here AB = DC [By C.P.C.T.] ⸫ OB = OC [Sides opposite to equal angles]

⇒ AB = DM + CM Hence proved.

⇒ AB = CM + CM  [CM = DM, from (i)] (ii) Now in ∆OAB and ∆OAC, we have
1
AO = AO  [Common]
⸫ CM = AB
AB = AC[Given]
2
Hence proved. OB = OC  [Proved above]
⸫ ΔOAB ≅ ΔOAC  (By SSS)
Exercise-2 Hence, ∠OAB = ∠OAC  [C.P.C.T.]

⇒ AO bisects ∠A. Hence proved.
1. In an isosceles triangle ABC, with AB = AC, the
2. In ∆ABC, AD is the perpendicular bisector of
bisectors of ∠B and ∠C intersect each other at
BC (see figure below). Show that ∆ABC is an
O. Join A to O. Show that:
isosceles triangle in which AB = AC.
(i) OB = OC A
(ii) AO bisects ∠A.
A

O
B C
D
B C Sol. Given: In ΔABC, AD is perpendicular bisector of BC.
Sol. Given: AB = AC and OB and OC are the bisectors To prove: AB = AC
of ∠B and ∠C respectively. Proof: Since AD is the perpendicular bisector of
To prove: BC.
(i) OB = OC So, ∠ADC = ∠ADB = 90° ...(i)
(ii) AO bisects ∠A Also, BD = CD ...(ii)
Proof: Now, in ∆ABD and ∆ACD, we have
(i) As OB is the bisector of ∠ABC. AD = DA  [common]
∠ADB = ∠ADC [Each 90°]
So, ∠ABO = ∠OBC = 1 ∠ABC  ...(i)
2 BD = CD [From (ii)]
Also, OC is the bisector of ∠ACB. ∴ ∆ABD ≅ ∆ACD (By SAS)
So, ∠ACO = ∠OCB = 1 ∠ACB  ...(ii) ⇒ AB = AC [By C.P.C.T.]
2 Thus, ∆ABC is an isosceles triangle.
It is given that in triangle ABC,
3. ABC is an isosceles triangle in which altitudes

AB = AC BE and CF are drawn to equal sides AC and AB
⸫ ∠ACB = ∠ABC respectively (see figure). Show that these altitudes

Triangles 47
 are equal. 5. ABC and DBC are two isosceles triangles on the
A same base BC (see figure below). Show that ∠ABD
= ∠ACD.
F E A

B C
B C
Sol. Given: ABC is a triangle in which altitudes BE and
CF to sides AC and AB. Also, AB = AC D
To prove: BE = CF Sol. Given: ABC and DBC are two isosceles triangles.
Proof: In ∆AEB and ∆AFC To prove: ∠ABD = ∠ACD
∠AEB = ∠AFC [each 90°] Construction: Join AD
∠A = ∠A[Common] Proof: In ΔABD and ΔACD, we have
AB = AC[Given] AD = AD[common]
⸫ ∆AEB ≅ ∆AFC (By AAS) AB = AC[Given]
⇒ BE = CF [By C.P.C.T.] BD = CD[Given]
4. ABC is a triangle in which altitudes BE and CF ⸫ ΔABD ≅ ΔACD (By SSS)
to sides AC and AB are equal (see figure below). ⇒ ∠ABD = ∠ACD [By C.P.C.T.]
Show that 6. ∆ABC is an isosceles triangle in which AB = AC.
(i) ∆ABE ≅ ∆ACF Side BA is produced to D such that AD = AB (see
figure below). Show that ∠BCD is a right angle.
(ii) AB = AC i.e. ABC is an isosceles triangle.
D
A

F E
A

B C
B C
Sol. Given: ABC is triangle in which altitudes BE and
CF to sides AC and AB are equal. Sol. Given: In ∆ABC, AB = AC and side BA is produced
To prove: to D such that AD = AB.
(i) ΔABE ≅ ΔACF To prove: ∠BCD = 90°
(ii) AB = AC Proof: In ∆ABC,
Proof: AB = AC[Given]
(i) In ∆ABE and ∆ACF, ⇒ ∠ACB = ∠ABC ...(i)
∠AEB = ∠AFC [Each 90°]  [Angles opposite to equal sides]
∠A = ∠A[Common] Now in ∆ACD,
BE = CF[Given] AC = AD[Given]
⸫ ∆ABE ≅ ∆ACF [By AAS] ⇒ ∠ADC = ∠ACD  ...(ii)
Hence proved.  [Angles opposite to equal sides]
(ii) Hence, AB = AC[C.P.C.T.] Now, in ∆BCD
Hence proved. ∠ABC + ∠BCD + ∠ADC = 180°

48 Class-IX MATHEMATICS P
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  [Angle sum property of a triangle] Also, AC = BC
⇒ ∠ACB + ∠BCD + ∠ACD = 180° ⇒ ∠B = ∠A ...(ii) [Angles opposite to equal sides]
 [⸪ ∠ABC = ∠ACB and ADC = ∠ACD] From (i) and (ii), we have
⇒ (∠ACB + ∠ACD) + ∠BCD = 180° ∠A = ∠B = ∠C  ...(iii)
⇒ ∠BCD + ∠BCD = 180° Now, in ∆ABC
 [⸪ ∠ACB + ∠ACD = ∠BCD] ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180° [Angle sum property of a Δ]
⇒ 2∠BCD = 180° ⇒ 3∠A = 180°
⇒ ∠BCD = 90° 180°
⇒ ∠A = = 60°
7. ABC is a right angled triangle in which ∠A = 90° 3
and AB = AC. Find ∠B and ∠C. ⇒ ∠A = ∠B = ∠C = 60°
Sol. In ∆ABC, we have AB = AC.  [Given] Hence, in an equilateral triangle all interior angles
C are of 60°.

Exercise-3
1. ∆ABC and ∆DBC are two isosceles triangles on
the same base BC and vertices A and D are on
the same side of BC (see figure given below). If
AD is extended to intersect BC at P, show that
A B (i) ∆ABD ≅ ∆ACD.
⇒ ∠ACB = ∠ABC ...(i) (ii) ∆ABP ≅ ΔACP.
 [Angles opp. to equal angles] (iii) AP bisects ∠A as well as ∠D.
Now, ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180° (iv) AP is the perpendicular bisector of BC.
 [Angle sum property of a ∆] A
⇒ ∠90° + ∠B + ∠C = 180° [⸪ ∠A = 90° (given)]
⇒ ∠B + ∠C = 180° – 90°
⇒ ∠B + ∠B = 90° [⸪ ∠C = ∠B, from (i)]
D
⇒ 2∠B = 90°
⇒ ∠B = 45°
Also, ∠C = ∠B = 45°
B C
Thus, ∠B = 45° and ∠C = 45° P
8. Show that the angles of an equilateral triangle Sol. Given: ABC and DBC are two isosceles triangle on
are 60° each. the same base BC.
Sol.      A To prove:
(i) ΔABD ≅ ΔACD
(ii) ΔABP ≅ ΔACP
(iii) AP bisects ∠A as well as ∠D
(iv) AP is the perpendicular bisector of BC.
B C
Proof:
ABC is an equilateral triangle. (i) In ∆ABD and ∆ACD,
So, AB = BC = AC AB = AC[Given]
Now, AB = AC BD = CD[Given]
⇒ ∠C = ∠B ...(i) [Angles opposite to equal sides]

Triangles 49
 AD = DA[Common] A
⸫ ∆ABD ≅ ∆ACD (By SSS)
Hence, ∠BAD = ∠CAD [By C.P.C.T.]

⇒ ∠BAP = ∠CAP  ...(1)
(ii) In ∆ABP and ∆ACP,
AB = AC[Given]
∠BAP = ∠CAP [From (1)] B C
D
AP = AP [Common] ∠ADB = ∠ADC  [Each 90°]
⸫ ∆ABP ≅ ∆ACP  (By SAS) AD = DA [Common]
Hence, BP = CP ...(ii) [By C.P.C.T.] ⸫ ∆ABD ≅ ∆ACD (By RHS)
(iii) As, ∠BAP = ∠CAP [From (i)] So, BD = CD [By C.P.C.T.]
Hence, AP bisects ∠A.
⇒ D is the mid-point of BC or AD bisects BC.
In ∆ BDP and ∆ CDP, Hence proved.
BD = CD[given] (ii) Also ∠BAD = ∠CAD [By C.P.C.T.]
DP = DP[Common] So, AD bisects ∠A.
BP = CP [From equation (ii)] 3. Two sides AB and BC and median AM of one
⸫ ∆BDP ≅ ∆CDP  (By SSS) triangle ABC are respectively equal to sides PQ
and QR and median of ∆PQR (see the given

⇒ ∠BDP = ∠CDP ...(iii) [By C.P.C.T.]
figure below). Show that:
Hence, AP bisects ∠D. A P
(iv) As, ∆BDP ≅ ∆CDP
⸫ ∠BPD = ∠CPD  ...(iv) [By C.P.C.T.]
As BPC is a straight line.
B C Q R

∠BPD + ∠CPD = 180°  [Linear pair] M N

∠BPD + ∠BPD = 180° [From (iv)] (i) ∆ABM ≅ ∆PQN (ii) ∆ABC ≅ ∆PQR
2∠BPD = 180° Sol. Given: In ΔABC and ΔPQR, AB = PQ, BC = QR
and AM = PN. Also, AM and PN are medians.

∠BPD = 90°  ...(v)
To prove:
From Equations (ii) and (v), it can be said that
AP is the perpendicular bisector of BC. (i) ΔABM ≅ ΔPQN

2. AD is an altitude of an isosceles triangle, ABC in (ii) ΔABC ≅ ΔPQR

which AB = AC, show that Proof:
(i) AD bisects BC (ii) AD bisects ∠A (i) In ∆ABC, AM is median to BC
Sol. Given: ABC is an isosceles Δ in which AB = AC 1
⸫ BM = BC
and AD is an altitude i.e., ∠ADC = ∠ADB = 90° 2
To prove: In ∆PQR, PN is median to QR
(i) AD bisects BC i.e., BD = DC 1
⸫ QN = QR
(ii) AD bisects ∠A i.e., ∠BAD = ∠CAD. 2
Proof: But, BC = QR
(i) In right ∆ABD and ∆ACD, We have 1 1
⸫ BC = QR
AB = AC  [Given] 2 2

50 Class-IX MATHEMATICS P
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⇒ BM = QN ...(i) 5. ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC. Draw
Now, in ∆ABM and ∆PQN AP ⊥ BC to show that ∠B = ∠C.
Sol. Given: ABC is an isosceles triangles with AB = AC

AB = PQ[Given]
and AP ⊥ BC.

BM = QN [From equation (i)]
To prove: ∠B = ∠C

AM = PN[Given] Proof: We have, AP ⊥ BC[given]
⸫ ∆ABM ≅ ∆PQN (SSS congruence rule) A
Hence proved.

⇒ ∠ABM = ∠PQN [By C.P.C.T.]
Hence, ∠ABC = ∠PQR ...(ii)
(ii) Now in ∆ABC and ∆PQR,
AB = PQ  [Given] B P C
∠ABC = ∠PQR [From equation (ii)] ⸫ ∠APB = 90° and ∠APC = 90° ...(i)
BC = QR[Given] In ∆ABP and ∆ACP, we have
⸫ ∆ABC ≅ ∆PQR (by SAS) ∠APB = ∠APC [From (i)]
Hence proved. AB = AC[Given]
4. BE and CF are two equal altitudes of a triangle AP = AP[Common]
ABC. Using RHS congruence rule, prove that the ⸫ ∆ABP ≅ ∆ACP [By RHS congruence]
triangle ABC is isosceles. So, ∠B = ∠C [By C.P.C.T.]
Sol. Given: BE and CF are the equal altitudes of a
triangle ABC.
To prove: Triangle ABC is isosceles by using RHS
congruency rule.
Proof: It is known that BE and CF are two equal
altitudes.
A

F E

B C
Now, in ∆BEC and ∆CFB,
∠BEC = ∠CFB = 90°
BC = CB[Common]
BE = CF[Given]
⸫ ∆BEC ≅ ∆CFB
 [By RHS congruence criterion]
Also, ∠C = ∠B  [By C.P.C.T.]
⸫ AB = AC
 [Sides opposite to the equal angles].
Hence proved.

Triangles 51
 Competitive Level

Excluded from NCERT

Before, AC is the largest side in ΔABC.

Exercise-I
However, AC is the hypotenuse of ΔABC. Therefore,
1. Show that in a right angled triangle, the hypotenuse is the longest side in a right angled
hypotenuse is the longest side. triangle.
Sol. Given: A right angled triangle. 2. In the given figure, sides AB and AC of ∆ABC
To prove: Hypotenuse is the longest side. are extended to points P and Q respectively. Also,
∠PBC < ∠QCB. Show that AC > AB.
Proof:
A
A

B C
P Q

B C Sol. Given: In the given figure, ∠PBC < ∠QCB.

Let us consider a right angled triangle ABC, right To prove: AC > AB.
angle at B.
Proof: In the given figure, ABP is a line.
In ΔABC ⸫ ∠ABC + ∠PBC = 180° [Linear pair]
∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180° ∠ABC = 180° – ∠PBC ...(i)
 [Angle sum property of a triangle] Also, ACQ is a line.
∠A + 90° + ∠C = 180° ∠ACB + ∠QCB = 180° [Linear pair]
∠A + ∠C = 90° ∠ACB = 180° – ∠QCB ...(ii)
Hence, the other two angles have to be acute (i.e. As, ∠PBC < ∠QCB,[Given]
less than 90°). 180° – ∠PBC > 180° – ∠QCB
∠B is the largest angle in ∆ABC. ∠ABC > ∠ACB [From Equation (i) and (ii)]
⇒ ∠B > ∠A and ∠B > ∠C AC > AB [Side opposite to the larger angle is greater.]
⇒ AC > BC and AC > AB Hence proved.
[In any triangle, the side opposite to the greater 3. In the given figure, ∠B < ∠A and ∠C < ∠D. Show
angle is longer.] that AD < BC.

52 Class-IX MATHEMATICS P
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 B D
D

A
A
C
Sol. Given: ∠B < ∠A and ∠C < ∠D
To prove: AD < BC B C
Proof: In ∆AOB, Proof: In ∆ABC, AB < BC
∠B < ∠A  [Given] [⸪ AB is the smallest side of the quadrilateral ABCD]
⇒ AO < BO  ..(i) ⇒ ∠BAC > ∠BCA  ...(i)
 [Side opposite to smaller angle is smaller]  [Angle opposite to longer side of a Δ is greater]
Now in ∆COD, Again, In ∆ ACD, CD > AD
∠C < ∠D  [Given] [CD is the longest side of the quadrilateral ABCD]
⇒ OD < OC  ...(ii)
⇒ ∠CAD > ∠ACD  ...(ii)
 [Side opposite to smaller angle is smaller]
 [Angle opposite to longer side of ∆ is greater]
On adding equations (i) and (ii), we have
On adding (i) and (ii), we get
AO + OD < BO + OC
∠BAC + ∠CAD > ∠BCA + ∠ACD
AD < BC
⇒ ∠A > ∠C
Hence proved.
4. AB and CD are respectively the smallest and Hence proved.
longest sides of a quadrilateral ABCD (see the Similarly, by joining BD, we get
given figure). Show that ∠A > ∠C and ∠B > ∠D. ∠B > ∠D [Prove yourself]
D Hence proved.
5. In the given figure, PR > PQ and PS bisects
∠QPR. Prove that ∠PSR > ∠PSQ.
P
A

B C
Sol. Given: AB and CD are respectively the smallest and Q R
S
longest side of a quadrilateral ABCD.
Sol. Given: In the given ΔPQR, PR > PQ and PS bisects
To prove: ∠A > ∠C and ∠B > ∠D.
∠QPR.
Construction: Join AC.
To prove: ∠PSR > ∠PSQ
Proof: As, PR > PQ  [Given]

Triangles 53
 ⸫ ∠PQR > PRQ  ...(i) Clearly, ∠M is an acute angle.
 [Angle opposite to larger side is larger] ∠M < ∠N
PS is the bisector of ∠QPR PN < PM
⸫ ∠QPS = ∠RPS  ...(ii)  [Side opposite to the smaller angle is smaller].
Now, ∠PSR is the exterior angle of ∆PQS Similarly, you can take any other point on line l at
⇒ ∠PSR = ∠PQR + ∠QPS ...(iii) any angle. But it's angle will always be less than 90°.
 [Exterior angle properly of a ∆] ∴ The line segment will always be greater than the
Now, ∠PSQ is the exterior angle of ∆PRS perpendicular line segment.

⸫ ∠PSQ = ∠PRQ + ∠RPS  ...(iv)

Exercise-2
On adding equations (i) and (ii), We have
∠PQR + ∠QPS > ∠PRQ + ∠RPS 1. ABC is a triangle. Locate a point in the interior of
⇒ ∠PSR > ∠PSQ [From eq. (iii) and (iv)] ∆ABC which is equidistant from all the vertices
of ∆ABC.
Hence proved.
Sol. The circumcentre of a triangle is always equidistant
6. Show that of all line segment drawn from a given
from all the vertices of that triangle. It is the point
point not on it, the perpendicular line segment is
where perpendicular bisectors of all the sides of the
the shortest.
triangle meet together.
Sol. Given: Line segments drawn from a given point is
A
not on line.
To prove: The perpendicular line segment is the
shortest.
O
Proof:
P
B C

By sketching the perpendicular bisectors of any two

triangle's sides, we may determine the circumcentre
in ΔABC. The intersection of these bisectors is
marked by the letter O.
As a result, O is the point that is equidistant from
all of ΔABC's vertices.
l
2. In a triangle locate a point in its interior which
N M
is equidistant from all the sides of the triangle.
Let us take a line l and from point P (i.e., not on Sol. The point which is equidistant from all the sides of
line l), draw two line segments PN and PM. Let PN a triangle is called the incentre of the triangle. The
be perpendicular to line l and PM is drawn at some incentre of a triangle is the intersection point of the
other angle. angle bisectors of the interior angles of that triangle.
In ∆PNM, ∠N = 90°
∠P + ∠N + ∠M = 180°
 [Angle sum property of a triangle]
∠P + ∠M = 90°

54 Class-IX MATHEMATICS P
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 A A

F E O
O
C

B D C The maximum amount of people can approach it in

this case.
By drawing the angle bisectors of the interior angles
By drawing perpendicular bisectors of the sides of
of this triangle in ΔABC, we may get the incentre this triangle, we can find the circumcentre O.
of this triangle. O is the point at which these angle
4. Complete the hexagonal and star shaped Rangolies
bisectors intersects each other. (see the given figures) by filling them with as many
As a result, O is the point that is equidistant from equilateral triangles of side 1 cm as you can. Count
all the sides of ΔABC. the number of triangles in each case. Which has
3. In a huge park people are concentrated at three more triangles?
points (see the given figure).

C B

A: where there are different slides and swings

Sol. Let’s look at hexagonal first. Let’s join vertices of
for children,
the hexagon to its centre.
B: near which a man-made lake is situated,
It can be observed that hexagonal-shaped rangoli
C: which is near to a large parking and exit.
has 6 equilateral triangles of side 5 cm.
Where should an ice-cream parlour be set up so A B
that maximum number of persons can approach
it? (Hint: The parlor should be equidistant from
A, B and C.)
Sol. If the ice cream parlour is equidistant from A, B, O
and C, then the maximum number of people can
approach it. Now, A, B and C form a triangle. In
a triangle, the circumcentre is the only point that
is equidistant from its vertices. So, the ice-cream 3
( side )
2
parlour should be set up at the circumcentre O of Area of ΔAOB =
4
ΔABC.
3 25 3 2
( 5cm ) =
2
= cm
4 4
Area of hexagonal-shaped rangoli
25 3 75 3 2
= 6 × =cm
4 2

Triangles 55
 Area of equilateral triangle having its side as 1 cm
3 3
(1 cm ) = cm 2
2
=
4 4
Number of equilateral triangles of 1 cm side that
can be filled in this hexagonal-shaped rangoli
75 3
cm 2
2 75 3 4
= = × = 150
3 2 2 3
cm
4
Hence, hexagonal rangoli has 150 equilateral ∆ of
side 1 cm.
Star-shaped rangoli has 12 equilateral triangles of
side 5 cm in it.
3
× ( 5 cm )
2
Area of star-shaped rangoli = 12 ×
4
                       = 75 3 cm 2
Number of equilateral triangles of 1 cm side that
can be filled in this star-shaped rangoli.
75 3 cm 2
2 4
= = 75 3 × = 300
3 3
4
Hence, star-shaped rangoli has 300 equilateral ∆ of
side 1 cm.
Therefore, star-shaped rangoli has more equilateral
triangles of side 1 cm in it.

56 Class-IX MATHEMATICS P
W