1) Which mathematical notation specifies the condition of periodicity for a continuous time signal?

JAK Electronics
a. x(t) = x(t +T0)
b. x(n) = x(n+ N)
c. x(t) = e-αt
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (a) x(t) = x(t +T0)

2) Which property of delta function indicates the equality between the area under the product of function
with shifted impulse and the value of function located at unit impulse instant?

a. Replication
b. Sampling
c. Scaling
d. Product

ANSWER: (b) Sampling

3) Which among the below specified conditions/cases of discrete time in terms of real constant ‘a’, repre
sents the double-sided decaying exponential signal?

a. a > 1
b. 0 < a < 1
c. a < -1
d. -1 < a < 0

ANSWER: (d) -1 < a < 0

4) Damped sinusoids are _____

a. sinusoid signals multiplied by growing exponentials

b. sinusoid signals divided by growing exponentials
c. sinusoid signals multiplied by decaying exponentials
d. sinusoid signals divided by decaying exponentials

ANSWER: (c) sinusoid signals multiplied by decaying exponentials

5) An amplitude of sinc function that passes through zero at multiple values of an independent variable ‘x
’ ______

a. Decreases with an increase in the magnitude of an independent variable (x)

b. Increases with an increase in the magnitude of an independent variable (x)
c. Always remains constant irrespective of variation in magnitude of ‘x’
d. Cannot be defined

ANSWER: (a) Decreases with an increase in the magnitude of an independent variable (x)

6) A system is said to be shift invariant only if______

a. a shift in the input signal also results in the corresponding shift in the output
b. a shift in the input signal does not exhibit the corresponding shift in the output
c. a shifting level does not vary in an input as well as output
d. a shifting at input does not affect the output

ANSWER: (a) a shift in the input signal also results in the corresponding shift in the output

7) Which condition determines the causality of the LTI system in terms of its impulse response?

a. Only if the value of an impulse response is zero for all negative values of time
b. Only if the value of an impulse response is unity for all negative values of time
c. Only if the value of an impulse response is infinity for all negative values of time
d. Only if the value of an impulse response is negative for all negative values of time

ANSWER: (a) Only if the value of an impulse response is zero for all negative values of time

8) Under which conditions does an initially relaxed system become unstable?

a. only if bounded input generates unbounded output

b. only if bounded input generates bounded output
c. only if unbounded input generates unbounded output
d. only if unbounded input generates bounded output

ANSWER: (a) only if bounded input generates unbounded output

9) Which among the following are the stable discrete time systems?

1. y(n) = x(4n)
2. y(n) = x(-n)
3. y(n) = ax(n) + 8
4. y(n) = cos x(n)

a. 1 & 3
b. 2 & 4
c. 1, 3 & 4
d. 1, 2, 3 & 4

ANSWER: (d) 1, 2, 3 & 4

10) An equalizer used to compensate the distortion in the communication system by faithful recovery of
an original signal is nothing but an illustration of _________

a. Static system
b. Dynamic system
c. Invertible system
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (c) Invertible system

11) Which block of the discrete time systems requires memory in order to store the previous input?

a. Adder
b. Signal Multiplier
c. Unit Delay
d. Unit Advance

ANSWER: (c)Unit Delay

12) Which type/s of discrete-time system do/does not exhibit the necessity of any feedback?
a. Recursive Systems
b. Non-recursive Systems
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (b) Non-recursive Systems

13) Which among the following belongs to the category of non-recursive systems?

a. Causal FIR Systems

b. Non-causal FIR Systems
c. Causal IIR Systems
d. Non-causal IIR Systems

ANSWER: (a) Causal FIR Systems

14) Recursive Systems are basically characterized by the dependency of its output on _______

a. Present input
b. Past input
c. Previous outputs
d. All of the above

ANSWER: (d) All of the above

15) What does the term y(-1) indicate especially in an equation that represents the behaviour of the caus
al system?

a. initial condition of the system

b. negative initial condition of the system
c. negative feedback condition of the system
d. response of the system to its initial input

ANSWER: (a) initial condition of the system

16) Which type of system response to its input represents the zero value of its initial condition?

a. Zero state response

b. Zero input response
c. Total response
d. Natural response

ANSWER: (a) Zero state response

17) Which is/are the essential condition/s to get satisfied for a recursive system to be linear?

a. Zero state response should be linear

b. Principle of Superposition should be applicable to zero input response
c. Total Response of the system should be addition of zero state & zero input responses
d. All of the above
ANSWER: (d) All of the above

18) Which among the following operations is/are not involved /associated with the computation process
of linear convolution?

a. Folding Operation
b. Shifting Operation
c. Multiplication Operation
d. Integration Operation

ANSWER: (d) Integration Operation

19) A LTI system is said to be initially relaxed system only if ____

a. Zero input produces zero output

b. Zero input produces non-zero output
c. Zero input produces an output equal to unity
d. None of the above

ANSWER:(a) Zero input produces zero output

20) What are the number of samples present in an impulse response called as?

a. string
b. array
c. length
d. element

ANSWER: (c) length

21) Which are the only waves that correspond/ support the measurement of phase angle in the line spec
tra?

a. Sine waves
b. Cosine waves
c. Triangular waves
d. Square waves

ANSWER: (b) Cosine waves

22) Double-sided phase & amplitude spectra _____

a. Possess an odd & even symmetry respectively

b. Possess an even & odd symmetry respectively
c. Both possess an odd symmetry
d. Both possess an even symmetry

ANSWER: (a) Possess an odd & even symmetry respectively

23) What does the first term ‘a0‘ in the below stated expression of a line spectrum indicate?

x(t) = a0 + a1 cos w0 t + a2 cos2 w0t +……+ b1 sin w0 t + b2 sin w0 t + …..

a. DC component
b. Fundamental component
c. Second harmonic component
d. All of the above

ANSWER: (a) DC component

24) Which kind of frequency spectrum/spectra is/are obtained from the line spectrum of a continuous sig
nal on the basis of Polar Fourier Series Method?

a. Continuous in nature
b. Discrete in nature
c. Sampled in nature
d. All of the above

ANSWER: (b) Discrete in nature

25) Which type/s of Fourier Series allow/s to represent the negative frequencies by plotting the double-si
ded spectrum for the analysis of periodic signals?

a. Trigonometric Fourier Series

b. Polar Fourier Series
c. Exponential Fourier Series
d. All of the above

ANSWER: (c) Exponential Fourier Series

26) What does the signalling rate in the digital communication system imply?

a. Number of digital pulses transmitted per second

b. Number of digital pulses transmitted per minute
c. Number of digital pulses received per second
d. Number of digital pulses received per minute

ANSWER: (a)Number of digital pulses transmitted per second

27) As the signalling rate increases, _______

a. Width of each pulse increases

b. Width of each pulse decreases
c. Width of each pulse remains unaffected
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (b)Width of each pulse decreases

28) Which phenomenon occurs due to an increase in the channel bandwidth during the transmission of n
arrow pulses in order to avoid any intervention of signal distortion?

a. Compression in time domain

b. Expansion in time domain
c. Compression in frequency domain
d. Expansion in frequency domain

ANSWER: (d)Expansion in frequency domain

29) Why are the negative & positive phase shifts introduced for positive & negative frequencies respectiv
ely in amplitude and phase spectra?

a. To change the symmetry of the phase spectrum

b. To maintain the symmetry of the phase spectrum
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (b) To maintain the symmetry of the phase spectrum

30) Duality Theorem / Property of Fourier Transform states that _________

a. Shape of signal in time domain & shape of spectrum can be interchangeable

b. Shape of signal in frequency domain & shape of spectrum can be interchangeable
c. Shape of signal in time domain & shape of spectrum can never be interchangeable
d. Shape of signal in time domain & shape of spectrum can never be interchangeable

ANSWER: (a) Shape of signal in time domain & shape of spectrum can be interchangeable

31) Which property of fourier transform gives rise to an additional phase shift of -2π ftd for the generated
time delay in the communication system without affecting an amplitude spectrum?

a. Time Scaling
b. Linearity
c. Time Shifting
d. Duality

ANSWER: (c) Time Shifting

32) Which among the below assertions is precise in accordance to the effect of time scaling?

A : Inverse relationship exists between the time and frequency domain representation of signal
B : A signal must be necessarily limited in time as well as frequency domains

a. A is true & B is false

b. A is false & B is true
c. Both A & B are true
d. Both A & B are false

ANSWER: (a)A is true & B is false

33) Which is/are the mandatory condition/s to get satisfied by the transfer function for the purpose of dist
ortionless transmission?

a. Amplitude Response should be constant for all frequencies

b. Phase should be linear with frequency passing through zero
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (c)Both a & b

34) What is/are the crucial purposes of using the Fourier Transform while analyzing any elementary sign
als at different frequencies?

a. Transformation from time domain to frequency domain

b. Plotting of amplitude & phase spectrum
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (c)Both a & b

35) What is the possible range of frequency spectrum for discrete time fourier series (DTFS)?

a. 0 to 2π
b. -π to +π
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (c)Both a & b

36) Which among the following assertions represents a necessary condition for the existence of Fourier
Transform of discrete time signal (DTFT)?

a. Discrete Time Signal should be absolutely summable

b. Discrete Time Signal should be absolutely multipliable
c. Discrete Time Signal should be absolutely integrable
d. Discrete Time Signal should be absolutely differentiable

ANSWER: (a)Discrete Time Signal should be absolutely summable

37) What is the nature of Fourier representation of a discrete & aperiodic signal?

a. Continuous & periodic

b. Discrete & aperiodic
c. Continuous & aperiodic
d. Discrete & periodic

ANSWER: (a) Continuous & periodic

38) Which property of periodic signal in DTFS gets completely clarified / identified by the equation x (n –
n0)?

a. Conjugation
b. Time Shifting
c. Frequency Shifting
d. Time Reversal

ANSWER: (b) Time Shifting

39) A Laplace Transform exists when ______

A. The function is piece-wise continuous

B. The function is of exponential order
C. The function is piecewise discrete
D. The function is of differential order

a. A & B
b. C & D
c. A & D
d. B & C
ANSWER: (a) A & B

40) Where is the ROC defined or specified for the signals containing causal as well as anti-causal terms
?

a. Greater than the largest pole

b. Less than the smallest pole
c. Between two poles
d. Cannot be defined

ANSWER: (c) Between two poles

41) What should be the value of laplace transform for the time-domain signal equation e-at cos ωt.u(t)?

a. 1 / s + a with ROC σ > – a

b. ω / (s + a) 2 + ω2 with ROC σ > – a
c. s + a / (s + a)2 + ω2 with ROC σ > – a
d. Aω / s2 + ω2 with ROC σ > 0

ANSWER: (c) s + a / (s + a)2 + ω2 with ROC σ > – a

42) According to the time-shifting property of Laplace Transform, shifting the signal in time domain corre
sponds to the ______

a. Multiplication by e-st0 in the time domain

b. Multiplication by e-st0 in the frequency domain
c. Multiplication by est0 in the time domain
d. Multiplication by est0 in the frequency domain

ANSWER: (b) Multiplication by e-st0 in the frequency domain

43) Which result is generated/ obtained by the addition of a step to a ramp function?

a. Step Function shifted by an amount equal to ramp

b. Ramp Function shifted by an amount equal to step
c. Ramp function of zero slope
d. Step function of zero slope

ANSWER: (b) Ramp Function shifted by an amount equal to step

44) Unilateral Laplace Transform is applicable for the determination of linear constant coefficient differen
tial equations with ________

a. Zero initial condition

b. Non-zero initial condition
c. Zero final condition
d. Non-zero final condition

ANSWER: (b) Non-zero initial condition

45) What should be location of poles corresponding to ROC for bilateral Inverse Laplace Transform espe
cially for determining the nature of time domain signal?

a. On L.H.S of ROC
b. On R.H.S of ROC
c. On both sides of ROC
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (c) On both sides of ROC

46) Generally, the convolution process associated with the Laplace Transform in time domain results int
o________

a. Simple multiplication in complex frequency domain

b. Simple division in complex frequency domain
c. Simple multiplication in complex time domain
d. Simple division in complex time domain

ANSWER: (a) Simple multiplication in complex frequency domain

47) An impulse response of the system at initially rest condition is basically a response to its input & hen
ce also regarded as,

a. Black’s function
b. Red’s function
c. Green’s function
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (c) Green’s function

48) When is the system said to be causal as well as stable in accordance to pole/zero of ROC specified
by system transfer function?

a. Only if all the poles of system transfer function lie in left-half of S-plane
b. Only if all the poles of system transfer function lie in right-half of S-plane
c. Only if all the poles of system transfer function lie at the centre of S-plane
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (a) Only if all the poles of system transfer function lie in left-half of S-plane

49) Correlogram is a graph of ______

a. Amplitude of one signal plotted against the amplitude of another signal

b. Frequency of one signal plotted against the frequency of another signal
c. Amplitude of one signal plotted against the frequency of another signal
d. Frequency of one signal plotted against the time period of another signal

ANSWER: (a) Amplitude of one signal plotted against the amplitude of another signal

50) Which theorem states that the total average power of a periodic signal is equal to the sum of averag
e powers of the individual fourier coefficients?

a. Parseval’s Theorem
b. Rayleigh’s Theorem
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (a) Parseval’s Theorem

51) According to Rayleigh’s theorem, it becomes possible to determine the energy of a signal by______
__

a. Estimating the area under the square root of its amplitude spectrum
b. Estimating the area under the square of its amplitude spectrum
c. Estimating the area under the one-fourth power of its amplitude spectrum
d. Estimating the area exactly half as that of its amplitude spectrum

ANSWER: (b) Estimating the area under the square of its amplitude spectrum

52) What does the spectral density function of any signal specify?

a. Distribution of energy or power

b. Consumption of energy or power
c. Conservation of energy or power
d. Generation of energy or power

ANSWER: (a) Distribution of energy or power

53) Which among the below mentioned transform pairs is/are formed between the auto-correlation functi
on and the energy spectral density, in accordance to the property of Energy Spectral Density (ESD)?

a. Laplace Transform
b. Z-Transform
c. Fourier Transform
d. All of the above

ANSWER: (c) Fourier Transform

54) The ESD of a real valued energy signal is always _________

a. An even (symmetric) function of frequency

b. An odd (non-symmetric) function of frequency
c. A function that is odd and half-wave symmetric
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (a) An even (symmetric) function of frequency

55) Which among the below mentioned assertions is /are correct?

a. Greater the value of correlation function, higher is the similarity level between two signals
b. Greater the value of correlation function, lower is the similarity level between two signals
c. Lesser the value of correlation function, higher is the similarity level between two signals
d. Lesser the value of correlation function, lower is the similarity level between two signals

a. Only C
b. Only B
c. A & D
d. B & C

ANSWER: (c) A & D

56) Which function has a provision of determining the similarity between the signal and its delayed versio
n?

a. Auto-correlation Function
b. Cross-correlation Function
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (a) Auto-correlation Function

57) Which property is exhibited by the auto-correlation function of a complex valued signal?

a. Commutative property
b. Distributive property
c. Conjugate property
d. Associative property

ANSWER: (c) Conjugate property

58) Where does the maximum value of auto-correlation function of a power signal occur?

a. At origin
b. At extremities
c. At unity
d. At infinity

ANSWER: (a) At origin

59) What does the set comprising all possible outcomes of an experiment known as?

a. Null event
b. Sure event
c. Elementary event
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (b) Sure event

60) What does an each outcome in the sample space regarded as?

a. Sample point
b. Element
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (c) Both a & b

61) Mutually Exclusive events ________

a. Contain all sample points

b. Contain all common sample points
c. Does not contain any common sample point
d. Does not contain any sample point

ANSWER: (c) Does not contain any common sample point

62) What would be the probability of an event ‘G’ if G denotes its complement, according to the axioms o
f probability?

a. P (G) = 1 / P (G)
b. P (G) = 1 – P (G)
c. P (G) = 1 + P (G)
d. P (G) = 1 * P (G)

ANSWER:(b) P (G) = 1 – P (G)

63) What would happen if the two events are statistically independent?

a. Conditional probability becomes less than the elementary probability

b. Conditional probability becomes more than the elementary probability
c. Conditional probability becomes equal to the elementary probability
d. Conditional as well as elementary probabilities will exhibit no change

ANSWER: (c) Conditional probability becomes equal to the elementary probability

64) What would be the joint probability of statistically independent events that occur simultaneously?

a. Zero
b. Not equal to zero
c. Infinite
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (b) Not equal to zero

65) Consider the assertions given below

A : CDF is a monotonously increasing function

B : PDF is a derivative of CDF & is always positive

Which among them is correct according to the properties of PDF?

a. A is true & B is false

b. A is false & B is true
c. Both A & B are true but B is a reason for A
d. Both A & B are false since B is not a reason for A

ANSWER: (c) Both A & B are true but B is a reason for A

66) The Joint Cumulative Density Function (CDF) _____

a. Is a non-negative function
b. Is a non-decreasing function of x & y planes
c. Is always a continuous function in xy plane
d. All of the above

ANSWER: (d) All of the above

67) What is the value of an area under the conditional PDF?

a. Greater than ‘0’ but less than ‘1’

b. Greater than ‘1’
c. Equal to ‘1’
d. Infinite

ANSWER: (c) Equal to ‘1’

68) When do the conditional density functions get converted into the marginally density functions?

a. Only if random variables exhibit statistical dependency

b. Only if random variables exhibit statistical independency
c. Only if random variables exhibit deviation from its mean value
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (b) Only if random variables exhibit statistical independency

69) Which among the below mentioned standard PDFs is/are applicable to discrete random variables?

a. Gaussian distribution
b. Rayleigh distribution
c. Poisson distribution
d. All of the above

ANSWER: (c) Poisson distribution

70) A random variable belongs to the category of a uniform PDF only when ______

a. It occurs in a finite range

b. It is likely to possess zero value outside the finite range
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (c) Both a & b

71) What would happen if the value of term [(m-x) / (σ √2)] increases in the expression of Guassian CDF
?

a. Complementary error function also goes on increasing

b. Complementary error function goes on decreasing
c. Complementary error function remains constant or unchanged
d. Cannot predict

ANSWER: (b) Complementary error function goes on decreasing

72) Which type of standard PDFs has/ have an ability to describe an integer valued random variable con
cerning to the repeated trials carried /conducted in an experiment?

a. Binomial
b. Uniform
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (a) Binomial