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Probability Sampling For College Students

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3 views

Probability Sampling For College Students

Uploaded by

avancenarolynjoy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Name: Rolyn Joy G.

Avanceña

Section: BSIT 3B

Q1. What is probability versus non-probability sampling? And list down the type/sub-
realization and meaning.
Probability Sampling:
Simple Random Sampling:
Meaning: Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected, and each selection is
independent of every other selection.
Systematic Sampling:
Meaning: Selecting every nth member from the population after randomly selecting a starting point,
using a fixed interval.
Stratified Sampling:
Meaning: Dividing the population into subgroups (strata) based on certain characteristics, then selecting
samples from each stratum proportionally or disproportionately.
Cluster Sampling:
Meaning: Dividing the population into clusters or groups, then randomly selecting some clusters and
sampling all members within those clusters.
Non-probability Sampling:
Convenience Sampling:
Meaning: Choosing participants who are readily available and convenient to access, often resulting in a
biased sample.
Purposive Sampling:
Meaning: Selecting participants based on specific criteria determined by the researcher's judgment or
purpose of the study.
Snowball Sampling:
Meaning: Recruiting participants through existing participants' referrals, useful for accessing hard-to-
reach populations.
Quota Sampling:
Meaning: Selecting participants based on predetermined quotas for certain characteristics, often based
on demographic factors.
Judgmental Sampling:
Meaning: Handpicking participants based on the researcher's judgment about who would be most
appropriate or informative for the study.
Name: Rolyn Joy G. Avanceña

Section: BSIT 3B

Q2. Types of forms of variables and lists down the examples.


Nominal Variables:
Meaning: Nominal variables are categorical variables with no inherent order or ranking.
Examples:
Gender (Male, Female)
Ethnicity (Caucasian, African American, Asian, Hispanic)
Marital Status (Single, Married, Divorced)
Ordinal Variables:
Meaning: Ordinal variables have categories with a distinct order or ranking, but the intervals between
categories may not be equal.
Examples:
Educational Level (High School Diploma, Bachelor's Degree, Master's Degree, PhD)
Socioeconomic Status (Low, Middle, High)
Likert Scale Responses (Strongly Disagree, Disagree, Neutral, Agree, Strongly Agree)
Interval Variables:
Meaning: Interval variables have ordered categories with equal intervals between them, but they lack a
true zero point.
Examples:
Temperature in Celsius or Fahrenheit
IQ scores
Calendar Dates (e.g., January 1st, February 15th)
Ratio Variables:
Meaning: Ratio variables have ordered categories with equal intervals between them and a true zero
point, allowing for meaningful ratios.
Examples:
Height
Weight
Income
Discrete Variables:
Meaning: Discrete variables are distinct and separate, typically counted in whole numbers.
Examples:
Name: Rolyn Joy G. Avanceña

Section: BSIT 3B

Number of siblings
Number of cars owned
Number of children in a family
Continuous Variables:
Meaning: Continuous variables can take any value within a range and can be measured with precision.
Examples:
Height (can be measured to any decimal point)
Weight
Time (e.g., duration)
Q3. What is scale? List down the examples.
Scales in research refer to the different measurement scales used to quantify or categorize variables.
Each scale type has specific properties that dictate the kinds of statistical analyses that can be applied.
Here are the main scales along with examples:
Nominal Scale:
Definition: Nominal scales categorize variables into distinct, non-ordered categories with no numerical
significance.
Examples:
Types of fruit (Apple, Orange, Banana)
Marital status (Single, Married, Divorced)
Eye color (Blue, Brown, Green)
Ordinal Scale:
Definition: Ordinal scales categorize variables into ordered categories, but the intervals between
categories may not be equal.
Examples:
Likert scale responses (Strongly Disagree, Disagree, Neutral, Agree, Strongly Agree)
Educational level (High School Diploma, Bachelor's Degree, Master's Degree, PhD)
Socioeconomic status (Low, Middle, High)
Interval Scale:
Definition: Interval scales have ordered categories with equal intervals between them, but they lack a
true zero point.
Examples:
Name: Rolyn Joy G. Avanceña

Section: BSIT 3B

Temperature in Celsius or Fahrenheit


Calendar dates (e.g., January 1st, February 15th)
IQ scores
Ratio Scale:
Definition: Ratio scales have ordered categories with equal intervals between them and a true zero
point, allowing for meaningful ratios.
Examples:
Height
Weight
Income
Q4. What is descriptive statistics?
Descriptive statistics is a branch of statistics that focuses on summarizing and describing the basic
features of a dataset. It involves organizing, analyzing, and presenting data in a meaningful way to
provide insights into its characteristics. Descriptive statistics help researchers and analysts understand the
central tendencies, variability, and distribution of the data without making inferences or generalizations to
a larger population.
Q5. What is variance and user?
Variance:

In statistics, variance measures the dispersion or spread of a set of data points around the mean. It
quantifies how much the data points in a dataset differ from the mean. Mathematically, variance is
calculated as the average of the squared differences between each data point and the mean. I

User:

"User" typically refers to an individual or entity who interacts with a system, service, product, or
platform. In various contexts, such as technology, business, or social settings, a user refers to someone
who utilizes or engages with something for a specific purpose.

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