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10 views

Document 4

Uploaded by

Esha Thaniya Malla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AGGREGATE FUNCTIONS

Create a sample table and insert some values in it


Consider the following table
SQL> create table sample (id integer, name char (20), salary char (20));
Table created.
SQL> insert into sample values(1,'danny',80000);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into sample values(2,'farhan',750000);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into sample values(3,'john',40000);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into sample values(4,'bubbly',80000);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into sample values(5,'siri',25000);
1 row created.
SQL> select * from sample;
ID NAME SALARY
---------- -------------------- --------------------
1 danny 80000
2 farhan 750000
3 john 40000
4 bubbly 80000
5 siri 25000
MIN:
SYNTAX : select min (col-name) from table-name;
SQL> select min(salary) from sample;
MIN(SALARY)
-------------------
25000
MAX:
SYNTAX: select max (col-name) from table-name;
SQL> select max(salary) from sample;
MAX(SALARY)
--------------------
750000
SUM:
SYNTAX: select sum (col-name) from table-name;
SQL> select sum(salary) from sample;
SUM(SALARY)
-----------
975000
AVERAGE:
SYNTAX: select avg (col-name) from table-name;
SQL> select avg(salary) from sample;
AVG(SALARY)
-----------
195000

COUNT:
SYNTAX: select count (col-name) from table-name;
SQL> select count(salary) from sample;
COUNT(SALARY)
-------------
5
STANDARD DEVEATION:
SYNTAX: select stddev (col-name) from table-name;
SQL> select stddev(salary) from sample;
STDDEV(SALARY)
--------------
311207.326

STRING FUNCTIONS (dual)


ASCII:
SYNTAX: select asci(‘char’) from dual;
SQL> select ascii('A') from dual;
ASCII('A')
----------
65
CHAR:
SYNTAX: select char(‘char’) from dual;
SQL> select chr(65) from dual;
C
-
A
CONCATENATION:
SYNTAX: select concat(‘char1’,’char2’) from dual;
SQL> select concat ('a','b') from dual;
CO
--
ab
INITCAP:
SYNTAX: select initcap(‘char’) from dual;
SQL> select initcap('apple') from dual;
INITC
-----
Apple
INSTR:
SYNTAX: select instr(‘char’) from dual;
SQL> select instr('apple is a fruit','e') from dual;
INSTR('APPLEISAFRUIT','E')
--------------------------
5
LENGTH:
SYNTAX: select length(‘char’) from dual;
SQL> select length('apple') from dual;
LENGTH('APPLE')
---------------
5
LOWER:
SYNTAX: select lower(‘char’) from dual;
SQL> select lower('APPLE') from dual;
LOWER
-----
apple
UPPER:
SYNTAX: select upper(‘char’) from dual;
SQL> select upper('apple') from dual;
UPPER
-----
APPLE
LPAD:
SYNTAX: select lpad(‘char’) from dual;
SQL> select lpad('apple',10,'o') from dual;
LPAD (
'APPL
----------
oooooapple
RPAD:
SYNTAX: select rpad(‘char’) from dual;

SQL> select rpad('apple',10,'o') from dual;


RPAD ('APPL
----------
appleooooo
LTRIM:
SYNTAX: select ltrim(‘char’) from dual;
SQL> select ltrim('ooooooapple','o') from dual;

LTRIM
-----
apple
RTRIM:
SYNTAX: select rtrim(‘char’) from dual;
SQL> select rtrim('appleooooo','o') from dual;
RTRIM
-----
apple
REPLACE:
SYNTAX: select replace(‘char’, oldno, newno) from dual;
SQL> select replace('123apple12',23,45) from dual;
REPLACE ('1
----------
145apple12
TRANSLATE:
SYNTAX: select translate (‘char’, oldno, newno) from dual;
SQL> select translate('123apple12',23,45) from dual;

TRANSLATE (
----------
145apple14
VSIZE:
SYNTAX: select vsize(‘char’) from dual;
SQL> select vize('apple is a fruit') from dual;
VSIZE('APPLEISAFRUIT')
----------------------
16
SUBSTR:
SYNTAX: select substr(‘char', index) from dual;
SQL> select substr('apple is a fruit',5) from dual;
SUBSTR ('APPL
------------
e is a fruit

MATHEMATICAL/NUMERICAL FUNCTIONS
ABSOLUTE:
It gives the absolute value I.e., without any signs
SQL> select abs (-23.65) from dual;
ABS (-23.65)
-----------
23.65
LEAST:
It returns the least value among them
SQL> select least (2,5,3,7,1) from dual;
LEAST (2,5,3,7,1)
----------------
1
GREATEST:
It returns the greatest value among them

SQL> select greatest (2,5,3,7,1) from dual;


GREATEST (2,5,3,7,1)
-------------------
7
CEIL:
It returns the ceil value I.e., gives the upper value

SQL> select ceil (32.56) from dual;


CEIL (32.56)
-----------
33
FLOOR:
It returns the floor value I.e., gives the lower value
SQL> select floor (32.56) from dual;
FLOOR (32.56)
------------
32
MOD:
It returns the modulus values I.e., 15%4 =3 which is basically
remainder
SQL> select mod (15,4) from dual;
MOD (15,4)
----------
3
SQRT:
It returns the square root value
SQL> select sqrt (49) from dual;
SQRT (49)
----------
7
POWER:
It returns the power of the given values
SQL> select power (5,2) from dual;
POWER (5,2)
----------
25
SIGN:
It returns the sign of the value
SQL> select sign (-65) from dual;
SIGN (-65)
----------
-1
SQL> select sign (65) from dual;
SIGN (65)
----------
1
LOG:
It gives the logarithmic values of the given num
SQL> select log (10,2) from dual;
LOG (10,2)
----------
.301029996
EXP:
It gives the exponential values of the given num
SQL> select exp (2) from dual;
EXP (2)
----------
7.3890561
BINARY TO DECIMAL:
It converts the binary value to decimal value
SQL> select bin_to_num(1,0,1,0) from dual;
BIN_TO_NUM (1,0,1,0)
-------------------
10
ROUND:
If in 0.x x is greater than 5 it returns 0+1 or it returns 0
SQL> select round (35.86) from dual;
ROUND (35.86)
------------
36
SQL> select round (35.43) from dual;
ROUND (35.43)
------------
35
SQL> select round (145.289,2) from dual;
ROUND (145.289,2)
----------------
145.29
TRUNCATE:
It returns only the integer part
SQL> select trunc (35.86) from dual;
TRUNC (35.86)
------------
35
SQL> select trunc (35.43) from dual;
TRUNC (35.43)
------------
35
SQL> select trunc (35.86, -1) from dual;
TRUNC (35.86,-1)
---------------
30
TRIGNOMETRIC:
SQL> select sin (90) from dual;
SIN (90)
----------
.893996664
DATE FUNCTIONS

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