5.3 Weather and climate > 5.3 Weather and climate Exercise 5.3A Words and meanings Focus In this exercise, you will match words with their meanings, Use a ruler to draw lines to match the words about weather with their meanings temperature rain, hail or snow which falls from clouds. humidity the layer of gas around the Earth precipitation the study of weather visibility how hot it is atmosphere how far you can see, it depends on the atmospheric conditions or darkness meteorology how much water vapour there is in the atmosphere Exercise 5.3B Weather or climate? Practice In this exercise, you will explain the difference between weather and climate and look at different climate zones. 1 Explain the difference between weather and climate.5. Structure of materials > 2 On this map, mark and label the polar zone. 3 Describe the climate in the polar zone. 4 — On the map in question 2, mark and label the tropical zone. 5 Describe the climate in the tropical zone, 6 — Why do meteorologists record the weather in so much detail?”5.3 Weather and climate Exercise 5.3C Weather data Challenge In this exercise, you will plot and analyse some weather data Reykjavik is the capital of Iceland, an island in the North Atlantic Ocean. Iceland is so far north that in the middle of the year, the Sun only sets for a very short time. The table shows some temperature data taken over one week at the end of July in Reykjavik. The temperature was taken in the same place every six hours.5. Structure of materials > Date Time Temperature in °C 26 July 00.00 13 06.00 16 12.00, 18 18.00 19 27 July 00.00 14 06.00 16 12.00 18 18.00 16 28 July 00.00 14 06.00 16 12.00 16 18.00 16 29 July 00.00 14 06.00 16 12.00 18 18.00 7 30 July 00.00 15 06.00 14 12.00 18 18.00 20 31 July 00.00 19 06.00 19 12.00 19 18.00 16 1 August 00.00 14 06.00 15 12.00 15 18.00 145.3 Weather and climate 1 Plot the data onto a graph with the date and times of the four readings for each day along the horizontal axis and the temperatures up the vertical axis, Join the points appropriately. 11>5. Structure of materials > 2 Is there a pattern to each day? If so, describe it 3. Is there a pattern over the whole week? If so, describe it. 4 Itrained heavily on 28 July from 09.00 until 21.00. Do you think this had any effect on the temperature? Explain your answer. 5 Which climate zone is Iceland in? 6 Does the weather this week reflect Iceland’s climate zone? 7 The weather in Iceland is very changeable, Can you suggest why this is?5.4 Climate and ice ages > 5.4 Climate and ice ages Exercise 5.4A Wordsearch Focus This wordsearch contains words used throughout this unit Kind the words and draw a line around each of them. 8fo|'[c|v[wlal[H[o[r|ple|s|p K{ifefy[efalelolulclolelalv mi[cle[x[els[els[elalelalile fefcfalclife[r{kli lr lafolc|e| n[H[6[elalc|i fale [ma lofelo olufelslelel[riulaly{slo[s|r sfofulFls[ejole[elulels|[nle t[n[tfefriefefalefifalefela p{rjolo|Flwio[r[slH[cly[elt tf felx[viulrl[e[n[mlelz[t[s almialylefolalefolylelalolo mial[tfo[c|m[cla[Hlalelz[ele 103 >5. Structure of materials > Exercise 5.4B Soil cores Practice ‘This exercise will give you practice in explaining the use of soil cores 1 The core of peat has been removed from a bog. Scientists will study the pollen found in the core. The end nearer to the left of the picture is from the top of the bog. Is the oldest peat from the top or the bottom of the bog? b Why has the plant material, including pollen, not rotted in the peat bog? ¢ What are the scientists hoping to find out by studying the pollen found in the core? 2 a Ascientist studies a core that is 956 cm deep. Between 956cm and 804 cm and between 490. cm and 250m she finds pollen from plants that live in cold regions. What are these periods called? b Inthe rest of the core she finds pollen from plants that only live in warmer climates. What are these periods called?5.4 Climate and ice ages Exercise 5.4C Climate cycles Challenge This exercise will give you practice in interpreting information from a graph, The diagram shows the average temperature on Earth over the past 450.000 years. Temperature taste alittle North ofthe South Pole n° 400000 300000 200000 190000 today Years ago 1 Label the glacial and interglacial periods on the graph. 2 How long ago did the last glacial period begin? How long did it last? 3 Describe the temperatures in an interglacial period. 4 What happens to living organisms when the temperatures are well below freezing for a long time? 105 >5. Structure of materials > 5 Describe the pattern of glacial and interglacial periods over the last 450000 years. 6 — What evidence do we have that the Earth was colder in the past? > 5.5 Atmosphere and climate Exercise 5.5A Our atmosphere Focus In this exercise, you will choose words to complete the paragraphs about our atmosphere, Use the terms here to complete the paragraphs. You may use each term once, more than once or not at all, Venus fossil fuels locked up carbonates gases fall carbon rise nitrogen water vapour carbon dioxide oceans oxygen _ photosynthesis atmosphere volcanoes _ limestone5.5 Atmosphere and climate In the first billion years after the Earth formed there were lots of These produced , which made up the atmosphere The that was produced condensed, to form lakes and The early atmosphere was mainly made up of gas. There was little or no gas. This is like the atmosphere of the planet today. As plants began to grow on Earth, they used up the carbon dioxide gas and produced food by the process of. Over billions of years the in the carbon dioxide gas became as such as oil and coal and as in sedimentary rocks such as This caused the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to 107 >5. Structure of materials > Exercise 5.5B Changes in the atmosphere Practice In this exercise, you will use information presented on a graph to answer questions w Percentage of Gabon dxdein 40. Enns atmosphere 20 of 4500 4900 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 $00 present “Tame iritions of years age) rercenagest faibon dex in 002 Enns atmosphere “80400 350200250 «200 150«100«SO._ prevent. Time years2ge) 1 What was the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 4500 million years ago? 2 What was the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 3500 million years ago? 3 What is the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today’5.5 Atmosphere and climate 4 Describe the changes in the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 4500 to 1500 million years ago. Explain why that happened. 5 What has happened to the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over the past 200 years? Why do you think this has happened? Exercise 5.5C Evidence Challenge In this exercise, you will identify the evidence that scientists have for changes in the atmosphere and global warming. You will discuss the reliability of this evidence. You will need to do some research in order to answer these questions. Make sure you know where the evidence comes from so that you can decide how reliable the information is, 1 What evidence is there that the atmosphere has changed over time?