2.

Process of Writing

Harmer Jeremy, (2014:4) stated that the process of writing has four main elements :

a. Planning

planing is the first step in doing writing. The writer plans what he is going to

write or type in this step. It can be done by making detailed notes. When planing,

the writer has to think three main issues, they are purpose, audience, content

structure. So, planning is the fist step that will guide to the next step.

b. Drafting

Drafting is the second step in wiritng. It is an activity in which the writers will

start their writing. They will write whatever in their mind. They will write as they

know.

c. Editing ( refrecting and Revising)

Editing is the third step in doing writing. Editing can be done after drafting has

done. It means that after doing drafting, the writer will read what he has been

written to see where is works and where is does not. It is to edit or to make clear

about the writing, so that it can be easy to publish. It needs some corrections to

avoid some mistakes in the writing and to avoid the ambiguity in the writing. It

can be done if the planning has been done. So, drafting is the second step in

writing.

d. Final Version

Once the writers have edited their draft, making the changes they consider to be

necessary, they produce their final version. They may look considerably from
 both the original plan and the fist draft, because thing have changed in the editing

process. But the writer is now ready to send the written text to the its intended

audience.

So, there are four elements in the process of writing. To produce a good writing is to make sure

that the four elements have been done well.

3. Teaching Writing

Harmer Jeremy (2004) concluded that when a teacher teaches writiing to the students,

especially based on reading text, of course the students automatically copy the elements of that

reading text. Here, we can see that the students need supports to start their writing. So, the

teachers’ roles here are to brainstorm their mind of writing, about the purpose of writing..

Teaching writing need general preparation of the teacher. The teacher has to prepare the

good material or topic for the students for instance : arrangement of particular topics to develop

into a paragraph. The teacher must be capable in the use of such techniques in class, must have

some notions of their effectiveness, special strength and weakness.

In teaching writing, teacher must encourage the activity and true expression of what is

students’ mind and then guide the students in progressing improvement of their writiing efforts.

To improve students’ ability to write, the teacher should ever to teach structure, vocabularies and

related information to support.

B. Genre

1. Defnition of Genre
 Genre of genre theory as it has been developed in literacy education is an organizing

concept for cultural practices. It is based on the assumptions that the features of a similar group

of texts depend on the social context of their creation and use. Those features can be described in

a way that relates a text to other like it and the choices and contraints acting on text procedures.

2. Kinds of Genre

a) Descriptive

it is used to describe a particular person, place and thing.

b) Spoof

Social function is used to retell an event without humorist.

c) Recount

Social function is used to retell events for the purposes of informing or

entertaining.

d) Report

it is used to describe the way things are, with reference to a range of

natural man made and social phenomena in our environment

e) Analytical Exposition

it is used to inform the reader or listener that something is the case.

f) News item

it is used to inform the reader, the listener or the viewer about events of

the day which are considered newsworthy or importand.

g) Anecdote
 it is used to share with others an account of unusual or amusing incident

h) Narrative

it used to amuse, entertain and to deal with actual or vicarious

experience in difference ways. It deals with problematic events which

lead to crisis or turning point of some kind in turn finds or resolution

i) Procedure

it is used to describe now something is accomplished through a

sequence of action and step

j) Hortatory Exposition

it is used to persuade reader that something shoul not to be the case

k) Explanation

it is used to explain the processes involved in the formation or working

of natural or socio cultural phenomena.

l) discussion

it used to present at least two points of view about an assue

m) review

it is used to critique an artwork or event for a public audience.

1. Social function of Descriptive Text

According to greot & Wignell (1994:165) Descriptive Text has social function to

describe a particular person, place or thing. Divided into two generic structure. The first is

identification: identifies phenomenon to be described, and the second is description: describes

parts, qualities, characteristic. It means that descriptive text tells the readers to know about

something specifically by giving characteristic of something which described. Furthermore,

acoording to (knapp, 2005: 153). The genre of describing is one of fundameental function of any

language system and one of the first skills emergent language-users learn to control. Description

enables the categories or classification of an almost infinite range of experiences, observations

and interactions depending on the learning area or intent of the writerregarding the previous

explanation, the writer concludes that descriptive text is a text which describes something and

includes of the characteristic and qualification of something, someone, or somewhere. It tells the

readers with detail information that can help them to imagine and to describe in their mind about

what the content of the text.

1. Generic Stuctures of Descriptive text

According to Hartono (2005: 7) an effective descriptive text has several significant

characteristics which a reader may use as standart to guide his or her reading. The schematic

structure of descriptive paragraph consist of identification and description. Identification

mentions phenomenon to be describe, while the description describes the parts, the qualities and

the characteristics of what has been described. In conclusion, the schematic structure is important

to organize a good descriptive paragraph. It can hepl to see the organization of description

clearly. So, the reader can easy to get imagination of description. The example of schematic

structure of descriptive text: