National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),

(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)

3 day Online Training Programme on

“Industrial Safety Risk Management : Multi Hazard Scenario
with Special Focus on COVID-19”
August 17-19, 2020
THEME LECTURE
Please add your Prof. Anil Kumar Gupta
photograph Head –Environment & DRM Division
here National Institute of Disaster Management, Ministry of Home Affairs
New Delhi

1
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)

Disaster Risk Management

DISASTER MANAGEMENT VEHICLE
RISK MANAGEMENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE

Prevention Mitigation
Planning Preparedness Planning

Response

Vulnerability Emergency
Hazard / Risk
Reduction Risk
Reduction
Assessment
Governance Relief
ENVIRONMENT/ COMMAND
Community
Rehabilitation
Evaluation Monitoring Reconstruction

Management centric Operation centric

National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)

Disasters affecting Industries

 Fire & Explosion  Earthquake
 Toxic release  Flooding
 Corrosion  Cyclone
 Radioactivity  Landslide
 Heatwave
 Mechanical mishaps/failures  Fire
 Electrical accidents  Civil accidents/conflicts
 Terrorism
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)

CHEMICAL ACCIDENT TRIGGERS

Few examples
 Process or storage system failures
 Instantaneous bulk release of pollutants/contaminant
 Mass release from natural source
 Spillage from hazardous waste
 Spillage / release during transport or shipping
 Natural calamities, e.g. earthquake, flooding, landslide,
etc.
 Terrorist attacks/Sabotage
 Mass poisoning (intentional or unintentional)
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)

CHEMICAL DISASTER: IMPACTS

National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)

3 layers of process defense

 ‘Emergency preparedness’ is the employer’s third
line of defense that will be relied on along with the
second line of defense, which is to control the
release of chemical.
 Control of releases and emergency preparedness will
take place when the first line of defense to operate
and maintain the process and contain the chemicals
fails to stop the release.
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)
 Multi-hazard Risk Mapping
Operational Procedure for Site Categorization
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)

 Reference maps – base map, settlement map..

 Physical characteristics- land-use, geo-morphology, wastelands, drainage, major
dams/irrigation, soil type, forests/forestry, agriculture use, seismicity, existing industrial use,
mines/ minerals
 Disaster history map
 Projected disaster hotspots/zones
 Geo-hydrological hazards
 Hazardous installations and dumping
 Ecological sensitivity and fragility
 Pollution hotspots – critical areas
 Meteorological patterns
 Risk categorization & mapping (Environmental Micro-zonation)
 Identification of suitable sites
 Industrial use and waste disposal
 New human settlements
 Other land-uses (e.g. agriculture, forestry, etc.)
 Region specific map for siting (in GIS environment)
 Region-specific industrial siting guidelines
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)

Hazardous goods accidents management

 Pre-Bhopal and Post-Bhopal

 Green Tribunal
 MOEFCC Nodal Ministry (at Central
level)  Factories Act & Rules

 Department of labour (at State level)  Motor Vehicles Act & Rules

 EPA 1986 - MSIHC Rules, HWMH Rules,  Gas Cylinder rules ..

 EPPR Rules……  Explosives Act…

 PLI Act 1991  Disaster Management Act 2005

National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)

NATIONAL GUIDELINES ⚫ National Disaster Management

Authority, Government of India
⚫ released in April 2007
⚫ objective is to evolve an attainable,
achievable and a practical approach with
involvement of community, industry and
all other governmental agencies for
chemical disaster management
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)

NAP on Chemical
Disaster Management:
Consultation Report
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)

Mapping, Simulation and ICT

National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL IN IPCL

National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)

Comparison between process safety and

personnel safety
Process Safety Personnel Safety
o Process safety hazards typically
give rise to major accidents Typically give rise to
involving release of potentially incidents such as
dangerous materials, release of
energy (such as fires and
injuries or fatalities as a
explosions), or both. (High result of falls, trips,
consequence, low frequency) crushings,
electrocutions and so
o Can have catastrophic effects on.
and can result in multiple
injuries and fatalities, as well as (Low consequence,
substantial economic, property high frequency)
and environmental damage.
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)

Process safety pyramid (Adapted from CCPS ). The Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS),
NewYork, USA, assists the industry in avoiding or mitigating catastrophic accidents.
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)

Safety of New and Existing Plants

 New plants: safety is generally not an issue of financial resources, but
sometimes of a lack of professionalism
 “Integrated Safety” is most effective and cheap, if considered right from beginning of
design
 “End of Pipe Safety” is less effective and/or expensive, as late design changes may be
necessary

 Existing Plants need another approach to come close to today´s safety

standards
 Upgrading may be technically and economically difficult
 Operating experience is major asset
 (External) Safety Audit, Safety Review, Risk Analysis
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)

Emergency Preparedness
 Accidents may happen even in most modern plants.
They cannot be planned, but they should be considered.
 Use the scenarios identified for prevention of major
incidents for emergency planning and training, too.
 Cover all relevant scenarios in the emergency plan.

 Assign responsibilities rather than regulating details.

 The emergency organisation is different from the normal

organisation, but is empowered to use it.
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)

 Clearly document all available resources (site, company,

neighbouring sites, authorities, ...) for the different scenarios.
Ensure that they can be used in emergencies (e.g. co-operative
agreements).
 Before you rely on off-site resources, consider the time until
availability
 Industrial zones with many chemical companies close together
need special attention („domino-effects“)
 Adjust the emergency organisation to the dimension of the
incident (e.g. „blue, yellow, red alert“)
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)

The Human Factor

 Workers are risks and resources for safety

 They have to know the risks to cope with
 Detailed written procedures are a tool both for workers and for
management. They should ...
 step by step procedure
 language and expressions understood by the workers
 highlight hazards, safety measures and critical process parameters (temperature,
pressure, ...)
 make independent double checks mandatory
 include start-up, shut-down, maintenance and process-specific information for
emergencies
 Include normal and abnormal situations in training
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)

Collaborations
 Emergency Response Centres
 Medical response – pooling, local and traditional resources
 MARG (Mutual Aid Response Group)
 Poison Information Centres
 LCG, DCG, CCG and CCG coordination
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)

Related Publications of NIDM

National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)

Resource
Book
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM),
(Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India)

THANK YOU
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