WSTE-IMP and SIMP Topics-18Scheme

By the CIVIL BOYS-TIE review team

Module-1-5 Theory with Problem SIMP

1. A water supply scheme has to be designed for a city having a population of 2 Lakhs.
Estimate the important kinds of drafts which may be required to be recorded for average
water consumption of 180 lpcd. Also, record the required capacities of major components
of the proposed water works system for the city using a river as a source of supply.
Assume suitable data, wherever needed.

Discuss the hourly variation of water demand in a typical Indian city with the help of a
neat sketch.

2. The population of a locality as obtained from the census report is as follows:

Estimate the population in the locality in the years 2021 and 2041 by
(i) Arithmetic increase method, (ii) Geometric increase method, (iii Incremental Increase
Method.

3. Discuss the various water demands. How the fire demand is estimated?
4. With neat sketches, explain the procedure for getting the logistic curve equation for a
given population data of a city. How the population is forecasted using this method?
5. What is the sampling of water? Discuss the precautions to be taken while collecting
samples for biological tests and the significance of biological tests in water supply
schemes.
6. What are intakes? Discuss the factors to be considered while selecting a site for an intake
structure. Describe the working of a river intake with the help of a neat sketch.
7. Explain the following sources of water in terms of quality and quantity:
(i) Open well, (ii) River, (iii) Tube well.
8. Discuss the significance of pH, chlorides and hardness of the water. State their
permissible limits for drinking water.
9. Explain the theory of sedimentation. Define the terms settling velocity and detention
period in a sedimentation tank.
 Compute the settling velocity of a discrete particle in water under the condition when
Reynold’s number is less than 0.5. The diameter and the specific gravity of the particle is
0.05 mm and 2.65 respectively. The temperature of the water is 20°C and the kinematic
viscosity of water is 1.01 X 10-2 cm2/sec.
10. Design a rectangular sedimentation tank to treat 4,000 m3/day of coagulated water
making suitable assumptions. Sketch the inlet, outlet and sludge removal arrangements
11. Design a set of rapid sand filters for treating water required for a population of 1,00,000;
the rate of supply being 180 lpd. The filters are rated to work 5,000 litres per sq.m.
Assume any data suitably.
Discuss the advantages of rapid sand filters over slow sand filters.

12. Explain the following (with sketches):

(i)Backwashing of filter (ii)Horizontal pressure filter

13. With a neat sketch, explain the lime-soda process of removing the permanent hardness of
the water. Write the chemical reactions taking place in the process. List its advantages
and disadvantages.
14. Explain the following (with sketches):
(i) Reverse Osmosis (ii) Zeolite process of softening of water

15. Compute the annual cost of slaked lime and soda for treating 80,000 litres of water per
day, if the water contains the following impurities:
CaCO3 = 250 ppm, Mg(HCO3)2 = 100 ppm,NaCl = 30 ppm,
CaSO4 = 110 ppm, MgCl2 = 130 ppm, MgSO4 = 85 ppm,
Fe2O3 = 55 ppm, SiO2 = 35 ppm.

The purity of slaked lime is 85% and that of soda is 95%. Slaked lime costs Rs. 100 per
quintal and soda costs Rs. 500 per quintal.
16. Discuss the following (with sketches):
(i) Nalgonda Technique of Defluoridation of water (ii) Break Point chlorination and its
estimation

17. Design six slow sand filter beds from the following data and show the arrangements of
beds in the plan.

Population to be served = 50,000

 Quantity of water to be supplied = 200 lpcd

Rate of filtration = 300 litres/sq.m./day

Length of each bed = 2 times the width.

Assume that one unit, out of six, will be kept on standby.

18. A sedimentation tank of 14 m X 5 m X 3 m has to pass through 2.2 MLD of water.
Compute (i) the detention period, (ii) average flow velocity, (iii) overflow rate, If 60 ppm
is the concentration of suspended solids present in the turbid raw water, determine the dry
solids that will be deposited in the tank per day, if the removal is 70% from the basin and
the specific gravity of the deposit
19. Comment on the different types of chlorination based on the quantity of chlorine added
and the stage at which it is added. Bring out their merits.

In a waterworks, the chlorine usage is 10 kg/day for treating water of 25,000 m3/day. The
residual after 10 minutes of contact is 0.2 mg/l. Compute the dosage in mg/l and chlorine
demand of water.

20. Distinguish between temporary hardness and permanent hardness of the water. List the
methods of removing them.

Determine the quantities of lime and soda required to soften raw water which contains
alkalinity of 210 mg/l, hardness as CaCl2=40 mg/l, and MgSO4=60 mg/l. The volume of
water to be treated is 2 million litres.

21. Water has to be supplied to a town with a 1.2 Lakh population at the rate of 150 lpcd
from a river 2.5 km away. The difference in elevation between the lowest water level in
the sump and the water level in the reservoir is 40 m. If the demand has to be supplied in
8 hours, determine the size of the rising main and the BHP of the pumps required.
Assume maximum demand as 1.5 times the average demand, coefficient of friction of
pipe material as 0.0075, velocity of 2.5 m/sec, and efficiency of pump as 80%.
22. With a sketch, explain the working of a centrifugal pump. State its advantages and
disadvantages.
23. Explain the mass curve method of estimating the capacity of a service reservoir.

24. Determine the BHP of a pump which lifts water from a well to the treatment plant. The
available data is as follows:

Quantity of water to be lifted daily = 50,000 m3

Length of suction pipe = 35 m

Length of rising main = 180 m

Coefficient of friction of pipe material = 0.01

Diameter of pipe = 70 cm

Static head through which water is to be raised = 25 m

Efficiency of pump = 75%

The efficiency of motor = 90%

Pumps work for two shifts daily, each shift being of 8 hours duration.