Gowda 2014
Gowda 2014
com
ScienceDirect
Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 2207 – 2214
,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ$GYDQFHVLQ0DQXIDFWXULQJDQG0DWHULDOV(QJLQHHULQJ
$00(
$EVWUDFW
7KH XVH RI FRPSRVLWH PDWHULDOV KDV LQFUHDVHG LQ YDULRXV DUHDV RI VFLHQFH DQG WHFKQRORJ\ GXH WR WKHLU VSHFLDO SK\VLFDO DQG
PHFKDQLFDOSURSHUWLHV $OXPLQXP6LOLFRQ1LWULGH $O6L1 LVD00& KDYLQJKLJKHUWKHUPDOFRQGXFWLYLW\RI ± :P.
DQGORZPDWHULDOGHQVLW\RIJFP PDNHVLWLGHDOIRUZHLJKWVHQVLWLYHDSSOLFDWLRQV 7KHTXDOLW\RIWKHGULOOHGKROHGHSHQGVRQ
WKHIDFWRUVVXFKDV VSHHGIHHGUDWHWRROJHRPHWU\HWF7KHHIILFLHQWDQGHFRQRPLFPDFKLQLQJRIWKHPDWHULDOVLVUHTXLUHGIRUWKH
GHVLUHGGLPHQVLRQVDQGVXUIDFHILQLVK ,QWKLVH[SHULPHQWDQDWWHPSWKDVEHHQPDGHWRRSWLPL]HWKHGULOOLQJSDUDPHWHUVXVLQJWKH
7DJXFKL¶VWHFKQLTXH([SHULPHQWVDUHFDUULHGRXWRQPDFKLQLQJWKHYDULRXV YROXPHRI6L1LQ$O6L1 FRPSRVLWHPDWHULDOV
XVLQJ WKH +66 WRRO IRU YDULRXV FXWWLQJ FRQGLWLRQV DQG GLDPHWHU RI GULOO ELW 7KH LQSXW SURFHVV SDUDPHWHUV FRQVLGHUHG GXULQJ
H[SHULPHQWVDUHYL] YROXPHRI6L1 VSHHG IHHGGLDPHWHURIGULOOELWDQGPDFKLQLQJWLPH7KHUHVSRQVHYDULDEOHVPHDVXUHG
IRUWKHDQDO\VLVDUHVXUIDFHURXJKQHVV FLUFXODULW\DQGF\OLQGULFLW\ $129$ KDVEHHQ FDUULHGRXWWRNQRZWKHPDJQLWXGHRIIDFWRU
DIIHFWV
©
2014
Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article
7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU /WGunder the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).
6HOHFWLRQDQGSHHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RI 2UJDQL]LQJ&RPPLWWHHRI$00(
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Organizing Committee of AMME 2014
.H\ZRUGV7DJXFKL WHFKQLTXH $129$ VXUIDFH URXJKQHVVFLUFXODULW\DQG F\OLQGULFLW\
2211-8128 © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Organizing Committee of AMME 2014
doi:10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.428
2208 B.M. Umesh gowda et al. / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 2207 – 2214
,QWURGXFWLRQ
'ULOOLQJLVRQHRIWKHROGHVW DQGWKHPRVWZLGHO\XVHGRIDOOPDFKLQLQJSURFHVVHVFRPSULVLQJDERXWRQHWKLUGRI
DOOPHWDOPDFKLQLQJRSHUDWLRQV6HYHUDOIDFWRUVLQIOXHQFHWKHTXDOLW\RIGULOOHGKROHV7KHPRVWREYLRXVRQHVDUHWKH
FXWWLQJFRQGLWLRQV FXWWLQJVSHHGDQGIHHGUDWH DQGFXWWLQJFRQILJXUDWLRQV WRROPDWHULDOGLDPHWHUDQGJHRPHWU\
&RPSRVLWHPDWHULDOVDUHZLGHO\XVHGLQWKHGLYHUVHDSSOLFDWLRQVVXFKDVDLUFUDIWDXWRPRELOHVSRUWLQJJRRGVPDULQH
YHVVHOVDXGLRHTXLSPHQWHWFEHFDXVHRILWVXQLTXHSURSHUWLHVVXFKDVVSHFLILFVWUHQJWKIDWLJXHVWUHQJWKVWUHQJWKWR
ZHLJKW UDWLR DQG FRUURVLRQ UHVLVWDQFH 0DFKLQLQJ RI FRPSRVLWH PDWHULDOV UHTXLUHV EHWWHU XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI FXWWLQJ
SURFHVVHV UHJDUGLQJ DFFXUDF\ DQG HIILFLHQF\ 0HWDO±0DWUL[ &RPSRVLWHV 00&V DUH QHZ FODVV RI PDWHULDOV WKDW
FRQVLVW RI D QRQPHWDOOLF SKDVH RU GLVWULEXWHG LQ D PHWDOOLF PDWUL[ ZLWK SURSHUWLHV WKDW DUH VXSHULRU WR HDFK RI WKH
FRQVWLWXHQW XVHG $OXPLQXP 0DWUL[ &RPSRVLWHV $0& UHIHUV WR D FODVV RI OLJKW ZHLJKW DQG KLJK SHUIRUPDQFH
DOXPLQXPFHQWULFPDWHULDOV\VWHPV7KHUHLQIRUFHPHQWLQ$0&VFRXOGEHLQWKHIRUPRIFRQWLQXRXVRUGLVFRQWLQXRXV
ILEHUVZKLVNHURUSDUWLFXODWHVLQYROXPHIUDFWLRQVUDQJLQJIURPDIHZSHUFHQWWRWKH\DUHXVXDOO\UHLQIRUFHGE\
$O26L&DQG&$OXPLQXP6LOLFRQ1LWULGH $O6L1 LVD0HWDO0DWUL[&RPSRVLWH 00& KDYLQJKLJKHUWKHUPDO
FRQGXFWLYLW\ RI ± :P. DQG ORZ PDWHULDO GHQVLW\ RI JFP PDNHV LW LGHDO IRU ZHLJKW VHQVLWLYH
DSSOLFDWLRQV 7KHTXDOLW\RIWKHGULOOHGKROHGHSHQGVRQWKHWKUXVWIRUFHDQGWRUTXH JHQHUDWHGGXULQJGULOOLQJZKLFK
LQWXUQLVDIIHFWHGE\WKHIDFWRUVVXFKDVFXWWLQJVSHHGIHHGUDWHWRROJHRPHWU\HWF+LJKHUWKHYDOXHRIWKUXVWIRUFH
DQGWRUTXHKLJKHUZLOOEHWKHZRUNGDPDJHDQGWRROZHDU7KHHIILFLHQWDQGHFRQRPLFPDFKLQLQJRIWKH PDWHULDOVLV
UHTXLUHGIRUWKHGHVLUHGGLPHQVLRQVDQGVXUIDFH ILQLVK7DJXFKLWHFKQLTXHLVDSRZHUIXOWRROLQH[SHULPHQWGHVLJQ
DQGLWSURYLGHVDVLPSOHHIILFLHQWDQGV\VWHPDWLFDSSURDFKIRURSWLPL]DWLRQRISURFHVVSDUDPHWHUV
7KH SUHVHQW ZRUN LV WR SUHVHQW DQ HIIHFWLYH DSSURDFK IRU WKH RSWLPL]DWLRQ RI GULOOLQJ SDUDPHWHUV ZLWK PXOWLSOH
SHUIRUPDQFH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV EDVHG RQ WKH 7DJXFKL¶V PHWKRG 7KH H[SHULPHQWDO ZRUN FRQVLVWV RI GULOO D YDULRXV
YROXPHRI6L1 LQDOXPLQLXPVLOLFRQQLWULGHFRPSRVLWHIRUJHG SODWHXVLQJKLJKVSHHGVWHHOGULOOELW7KHH[SHULPHQW
ZLOOEHFDUULHGRXWE\YDU\LQJWKHFXWWLQJVSHHGIHHGUDWHDQGGLDPHWHURIGULOOELW 7KHSURFHVVSDUDPHWHUVVXFKDV
YROXPHRI6L1FXWWLQJVSHHGIHHGUDWHGLDPHWHURIGULOOELWDQGPDFKLQLQJWLPHDUHRSWLPL]HGZLWKFRQVLGHUDWLRQ
RIPXOWLSOHSHUIRUPDQFHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVVXFKDVZRUNSLHFHVXUIDFHURXJKQHVVFLUFXODULW\DQGF\OLQGULFLW\
'KDYDPDQLDQG$OZDUVDP\ KDYH LQYHVWLJDWHG WKHGULOOLQJRI$OXPLQLXP6LOLFRQ&DUELGH $O6L& SURFHVV
E\ WDNLQJ LQWR DFFRXQW WKH HIIHFW RI FXWWLQJ VSHHG IHHG GLDPHWHU RI FXW PDFKLQLQJ WLPH RQ PHWDO UHPRYDO UDWH
VSHFLILFHQHUJ\VXUIDFHURXJKQHVVYROXPHIUDFWLRQDQGIODQNZHDU$PXOWLSOHUHJUHVVLRQPRGHOLVXVHGWRUHSUHVHQW
UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ LQSXW DQG RXWSXW YDULDEOHV DQG D PXOWLREMHFWLYH RSWLPL]DWLRQ PHWKRG EDVHG RQ D *HQHWLF
$OJRULWKP *$ LV XVHG WR RSWLPL]H WKH SURFHVV SDUDPHWHUV 0XUWK\ HW DO KDYH GLVFXVVHG WKH HIIHFW RI
SURFHVVSDUDPHWHUVVXFKDVVSLQGOHVSHHGDQGIHHGGULOOGLDPHWHU DQGSRLQWDQJOHDQGPDWHULDOWKLFNQHVVRQWKUXVW
IRUFHDQGWRUTXHJHQHUDWHGGXULQJGULOOLQJRI*ODVV)LEHU5HLQIRUFHG3RO\PHU *)53 FRPSRVLWHPDWHULDOXVLQJVROLG
FDUELGHGULOOELW)XOOIDFWRULDO'HVLJQRI([SHULPHQWV '2( KDVEHHQDGRSWHGDQGWKHUHVXOWVLQGLFDWHWKDWVSLQGOH
VSHHG LV WKH PDLQ FRQWULEXWLQJ SDUDPHWHU IRU WKH YDULDWLRQ LQ WKH WKUXVW IRUFH DQG GULOO GLDPHWHU LV WKH PDLQ
FRQWULEXWLQJIDFWRUIRUYDULDWLRQLQWRUTXH7KHRSWLPXPFRPELQDWLRQRISURFHVVSDUDPHWHUVHWWLQJVKDVEHHQIRXQG
RXW XVLQJ WKH LQWHJUDWLRQ RI 7DJXFKL PHWKRG DQG 5HVSRQVH 6XUIDFH 0HWKRGRORJ\ 5DMPRKDQ HW DO KDYH
GLVFXVVHG WKH 7DJXFKL PHWKRG ZLWK JUH\ UHODWLRQDO DQDO\VLV ZDV XVHG WR RSWLPL]H WKH PDFKLQLQJ SDUDPHWHUV ZLWK
PXOWLSOH SHUIRUPDQFH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV LQ GULOOLQJ K\EULG PHWDO PDWUL[ $O6L&PLFD FRPSRVLWHV 7KH GULOOLQJ
SDUDPHWHUV QDPHO\ VSLQGOH VSHHG IHHG UDWH GULOO W\SH DQG PDVV IUDFWLRQ RI PLFD ZHUH RSWLPL]HG EDVHG RQ WKH
PXOWLSOHSHUIRUPDQFHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVLQFOXGLQJWKUXVWIRUFHVXUIDFHURXJKQHVVWRROZHDUDQGEXUUKHLJKW H[LW 7KH
UHVXOWVVKRZWKDWWKHIHHGUDWHDQGWKHW\SHRIGULOODUHWKHPRVWVLJQLILFDQWIDFWRUVZKLFKDIIHFWWKHGULOOLQJSURFHVV
DQG WKH SHUIRUPDQFH LQ WKH GULOOLQJ SURFHVV FDQ EH HIIHFWLYHO\ LPSURYHG E\ XVLQJ WKLV DSSURDFK 1DYHHQ HW DO
KDYH GLVFXVVHG WKH HIIHFWV RI WKH GULOOLQJ SDUDPHWHUV VSHHG DQG IHHG RQ WKH GDPDJH IDFWRU LQ GULOOLQJ
FRPSRVLWHV JODVV KHPS VDQGZLFK ILEHUV ZLWK GLIIHUHQW ILEHU YROXPH IUDFWLRQV LH 7KUHH
VSHHGVIRXUIHHGVDQG WKUHHYROXPHIUDFWLRQVDUHXVHGLQWKLVVWXG\7KHLU REMHFWLYH LVWR GHFUHDVHWKHGDPDJHIDFWRU
RI FRPSRVLWH PDWHULDOV ZLWK GLIIHUHQW ILEHU YROXPH IUDFWLRQV E\ YDU\LQJ GULOO SDUDPHWHUV VXFK DV VSHHG DQG IHHG
3DODQLNXPDU KDV SUHVHQWHG DQ HIIHFWLYH DSSURDFK IRU WKH RSWLPLVDWLRQ RI GULOOLQJ SDUDPHWHUV ZLWK PXOWLSOH
SHUIRUPDQFHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVEDVHGRQWKH7DJXFKL¶VPHWKRGZLWKJUH\UHODWLRQDODQDO\VLV 7KH\KDYHXVHG /OHYHO
RUWKRJRQDODUUD\ IRUWKHH[SHULPHQWDWLRQ7KHGULOOLQJSDUDPHWHUVVXFK DVVSLQGOHVSHHGDQGIHHGUDWHDUHRSWLPL]HG
ZLWK FRQVLGHUDWLRQ RI PXOWLSOH SHUIRUPDQFH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV VXFK DV WKUXVW IRUFH ZRUNSLHFH VXUIDFH URXJKQHVV DQG
B.M. Umesh gowda et al. / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 2207 – 2214 2209
GHODPLQDWLRQIDFWRU7KHDQDO\VLVRIJUH\UHODWLRQDOJUDGHLQGLFDWHVWKDWIHHGUDWHLVWKHPRUHLQIOXHQWLDOSDUDPHWHU
WKDQVSLQGOHVSHHG7KHUHVXOWVLQGLFDWHWKDWWKHSHUIRUPDQFHRIGULOOLQJSURFHVVFDQEHLPSURYHGHIIHFWLYHO\WKURXJK
WKLVDSSURDFK .LOLFNDS KDV LQYHVWLJDWHG WKHLQIOXHQFHRIWKHFXWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVVXFKDVFXWWLQJVSHHG DQG
IHHGUDWHDQGSRLQWDQJOHRQGHODPLQDWLRQSURGXFHGZKHQGULOOLQJD*)53FRPSRVLWH7XUJD\.LYDNHWDO
KDYH GLVFXVVHG WKH HIIHFW RI FXWWLQJ SDUDPHWHUV RQ WKH KROH TXDOLW\ FLUFXODULW\ DQG KROH GLDPHWHU DQG WRRO ZHDU
GXULQJWKHGULOOLQJRIVXSHUDOOR\,QFRQHOZLWKFRDWHGDQGXQFRDWHGFDUELGHGULOOVZDVLQYHVWLJDWHG 7KH\KDYH
REVHUYHG WKDW WKHUH ZDV D GHFUHDVH RI WRRO SHUIRUPDQFH DQG KROH TXDOLW\ DW KLJK FXWWLQJ VSHHG DQG IHHG UDWH
FRPELQDWLRQV $ VHULRXV LQFUHDVH LQ WRRO ZHDU ZDV REVHUYHG ZKHQ LQFUHDVLQJ FXWWLQJ VSHHG +RFKHQJ DQG 7VDR
KDYH GLVFXVVHG WKDW WUDGLWLRQDO DQG QRQWUDGLWLRQDO GULOOLQJ SURFHVVHV DUH IHDVLEOH IRU PDNLQJ ILQH KROHV IRU
FRPSRVLWHPDWHULDOVE\FDUHIXOO\VHOHFWHGWRROPHWKRGDQGRSHUDWLQJFRQGLWLRQV
$ODNHVK 0DQQD DQG .DQZDOMHHW 6LQJK KDYH GLVFXVVHG WKH PDFKLQLQJ RI PHWDO PDWUL[ FRPSRVLWHV LV
GLIILFXOW GXH WR WKH SUHVHQFH RI UHLQIRUFHG 6L&SDUWLFXODWHV LQ WKH PHWDO PDWUL[ FRPSRVLWH *XO 7RVXQ DQG 0HKWDS
0XUDWRJOX GLVFXVVHG WKH VXUIDFH LQWHJULW\ RI GULOOHG $O6L& SDUWLFXODWH 00&V 'U\ GULOOLQJ WHVWV DW
GLIIHUHQW VSLQGOHVSHHG IHHG UDWHV GULOOV SRLQW DQJOHV RI GULOO DQG KHDW WUHDWPHQW ZHUH FRQGXFWHG LQ RUGHU WR
LQYHVWLJDWHWKHHIIHFWRIWKHYDULRXVFXWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVRQWKHVXUIDFHTXDOLW\DQGWKHH[WHQWRIWKHGHIRUPDWLRQRI
GULOOHG VXUIDFH GXH WR GULOOLQJ 7KH ZRUNSLHFH PDWHULDO ZDV GULOOHG LQ IRXU KHDW WUHDWPHQW FRQGLWLRQV DVUHFHLYHG
VROXWLRQWUHDWHGDQGVROXWLRQWUHDWHGDQGDJHGIRUDQGK'ULOOLQJWHVWVZHUHFDUULHGRXWXVLQJKLJKVSHHGVWHHO
+66 7L1 FRDWHG +66 DQG VROLG FDUELGH GULOOV 7KH RSWLPXP VXUIDFH URXJKQHVV ZDV GHWHUPLQHG ZKHQ WKH VROLG
FDUELGHGULOOWRROVZHUHXVHGRQWKHVSHFLPHQVZLWK SHDNDJHG FRQGLWLRQ 7VDRDQG+RFKHQJ KDYH GLVFXVVHG
WKH SUHGLFWLRQ DQG HYDOXDWLRQ RI WKUXVW IRUFH DQG VXUIDFH URXJKQHVV LQ GULOOLQJ RI FRPSRVLWH PDWHULDO XVLQJ FDQGOH
VWLFN GULOO )RU WKH HYDOXDWLRQ RI WKH WKUXVW IRUFH DQG VXUIDFH URXJKQHVV SURGXFHG E\ FDQGOH VWLFN GULOO XVLQJ
UHJUHVVLRQDQDO\VLVRIH[SHULPHQWVDQG5%)1 5DGLDO%DVLV)XQFWLRQ1HWZRUN ZHUHSURSRVHG,VODPHWDO
KDYH GHWHUPLQHWKHHIIHFWVRIWKHWKUHHPDMRULQSXWSDUDPHWHUV FXWWLQJVSHHGIHHGUDWHDQGFDQQHGF\FOH RQWKUHH
NH\DFFXUDF\FKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIGULOOHGKROHV GLDPHWHUHUURUFLUFXODULW\DQGVXUIDFHURXJKQHVV RI$OXPLQLXP
ZRUN PDWHULDO XVLQJ +66 WRRO PDWHULDO $ QXPEHU RI GLIIHUHQW FDQQHG F\FOHV DUH LQ XVH IRU FRPSXWHU QXPHULFDO
FRQWURO &1& GULOOLQJRSHUDWLRQVRIZKLFKWKHFKLSEUHDNLQJFDQQHGF\FOHVSRWGULOOLQJFDQQHGF\FOHDQGGHHSKROH
FDQQHGF\FOHDUHWKHWKUHHPRVWSRSXODUFKRLFHV7KHVSRWGULOOLQJFDQQHGF\FOHSURGXFHGWKHEHVWUHVXOWV/DXUHQ7LX
0LKDLO KDV GLVFXVVHGWKHGHHSKROHGULOOLQJZLWKKHOLFDOGULOOVLVDGLIILFXOWPDFKLQLQJSURFHVVEHFDXVHRIWKH
FKLSVWKDWPXVWEHHYDFXDWHGIURPWKHPDFKLQLQJDUHD
1RPHQFODWXUH
&,0 &RPSXWHU,QWHJUDWHG0DQXIDFWXULQJ
00& 0HWDO0DWUL[&RPSRVLWHV
300& 3DUWLFXODWH0HWDO0DWUL[&RPSRVLWHV
$0& $OXPLQLXP0DWUL[&RPSRVLWHV
+66 +LJK6SHHG6WHHO
%+1 %ULQHOO¶V+DUGQHVV1XPEHU
6L1 6LOLFRQ1LWULGH
66 6XPRIVTXDUHV
06 0HDQ6TXDUH
) 9DULDQFHUDWLR
Ș 6LJQDOWR1RLVHUDWLR
ı H (UURU YDULDQFH
ǻ )XQFWLRQDOOLPLW
/\ 4XDOLW\ORVV
4 $YHUDJH4XDOLW\ORVV
. 4XDOLW\ORVV&RHIILFLHQW
2210 B.M. Umesh gowda et al. / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 2207 – 2214
([SHULPHQWDOZRUN
7KHH[SHULPHQWVZHUHFRQGXFWHGRQDQDXWRPDWLFGULOOLQJPDFKLQHWRRO7KHFRQWUROIDFWRUVZHUHFKRVHQEDVHGRQ
UHYLHZRIOLWHUDWXUH H[SHULHQFHDQGVRPHSUHOLPLQDU\LQYHVWLJDWLRQV'LIIHUHQWVHWWLQJVRIFRQWUROODEOHIDFWRUVVXFK
DV YROXPH RI 6L1 &XWWLQJ VSHHG )HHG UDWH 'LDPHWHU RI GULOO ELW DQG 0DFKLQLQJ WLPH ZHUH XVHG LQ WKH
H[SHULPHQWV DVVKRZQLQ7DEOHDQG7DEOH
7DEOH &RQWUROIDFWRUVDQGWKHLUOHYHOV
/HYHO
&RQWURO)DFWRUV
, ,, ,,, 8QLW
$ YRORI6L1
% 6SHHG USP
& )HHG PPUHY
' 'LDRIGULOOELW PP
( 0DFKLQLQJ7LPH VHF
5HVXOWVDQGGLVFXVVLRQ
0DLQ (IIHFWV 3ORW GDWD PHDQV IRU 61 UDWLRV 0DLQ (IIHFWV 3ORW GDWD PHDQV IRU 61 UDWLRV
9RO 6LOLFRQ 1LWULGH 6SHHG )HHG 9RO 6LOLFRQ 1LWULGH 6SHHG )HHG
0HDQ RI 61 UDWLRV
0HDQ RI 61 UDWLRV
'LD RI 'ULOO ELW 07 'LD RI 'ULOO ELW 07
0HDQ RI 61 UDWLRV
)LJ0DLQHIIHFWVSORWIRU6XUIDFH5RXJKQHVV 5]
2EVHUYDWLRQVRQFLUFXODULW\DQGF\OLQGULFLW\
)URPWKH)LJWKH PDLQHIIHFWSORWV IRU $O6L1 FRPSRVLWH PDWHULDOWKDW WKH IDFWRU VSLQGOH VSHHG KDV ODUJHVW
HIIHFWRQWKH FLUFXODULW\ DVWKHUHVSRQVHYDULDEOH7KHRSWLPXPOHYHOIRUDIDFWRULVWKHOHYHOWKDWJLYHVWKHKLJKHVW
YDOXHRIȘLQWKHH[SHULPHQWDOUHJLRQ
)URP WKH DERYH )LJ LW LV FOHDU WKDW WKH GHYLDWLRQ RI WKH &LUFXODULW\ GHFUHDVHV ZLWK WKH LQFUHDVH LQ YRO RI
6L1 IURP WR IXUWKHU LW ZLOO LQFUHDVHV ZLWK WKH LQFUHDVLQJ RI YRO RI 6L1 IURP WR DQG LW
2212 B.M. Umesh gowda et al. / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 2207 – 2214
GHFUHDVHVZLWKWKHLQFUHDVHLQWKHVSHHGIURPWRUSPDQGLQFUHDVHVZLWKWKHLQFUHDVHLQWKHIHHGUDWHIURP
WRPPUHY 7KHGHYLDWLRQRIWKH&LUFXODULW\LQFUHDVHVVOLJKWO\ZLWKLQFUHDVHLQWKHGLDRIGULOOELWIURP
WRPPWKHQGHYLDWLRQZLOOLQFUHDVHUDSLGO\ZLWKLQFUHDVHLQWKHGLDRIGULOOELWIURPWRPP $VWKHPDFKLQLQJ
WLPHLQFUHDVHVWKHGHYLDWLRQRIFLUFXODULW\YDOXHDOVRLQFUHDVHV
5HIHUULQJWKH$129$WKHIDFWRU6SHHGKDVPRUHHIIHFWRQWKHUHVSRQVHYDULDEOHIRUFLUFXODULW\IROORZHGE\WKH
IHHGUDWH7KLVFDQDOVREHVHHQIURPWKHPDLQHIIHFWSORWVKRZQLQWKH)LJ%DVHGRQWKLVWKHYDOXHRI)LQWKH
$129$WKHUDQNWRWKHHDFK IDFWRURUWKHPDJQLWXGHLVJLYHQ
0DLQ (IIHFWV 3ORW GDWD PHDQV IRU 61 UDWLRV 0DLQ (IIHFWV 3ORW GDWD PHDQV IRU 61 UDWLRV
9RO 6LOLFRQ 1LWULGH 6SHHG )HHG 9RO 6LOLFRQ 1LWULGH 6SHHG )HHG
0HDQ RI 61 UDWLRV
0HDQ RI 61 UDWLRV
'LD RI 'ULOO ELW 07 'LD RI 'ULOO ELW 07
)LJXUH0DLQHIIHFWVSORWIRU&LUFXODULW\ )LJXUH0DLQHIIHFWVSORWIRU&\OLQGULFLW\
9HULILFDWLRQH[SHULPHQW
&RQGXFWLQJDYHULILFDWLRQH[SHULPHQWLVWRYHULI\WKDWWKHRSWLPXPFRQGLWLRQVVXJJHVWHGE\WKHPDWUL[H[SHULPHQW
GRLQGHHGJLYHWKHSURMHFWHGLPSURYHPHQW,IWKH REVHUYHG61UDWLRVXQGHUWKHRSWLPXPFRQGLWLRQVDUHFORVHWRWKHLU
UHVSHFWLYHSUHGLFWLRQVWKHQRQHFDQFRQFOXGHWKDWWKHDGGLWLYHPRGHORQZKLFKWKHPDWUL[H[SHULPHQWZDVEDVHGLVD
JRRGDSSUR[LPDWLRQRIWKHUHDOLW\7KHQDGRSWWKHUHFRPPHQGHGRSWLPXPFRQGLWLRQVIRUWKHSURFHVVRUSURGXFWDV
WKH FDVH PD\ EH ,Q WKH GULOOLQJ SURFHVV FDVH VWXG\ SDUDPHWHUV DUH RSWLPL]HG DQG DUH WDEXODWHG LQ WKH SUHYLRXV
VHFWLRQV 7KH FRQILUPDWLRQ UXQ ZDV FRQGXFWHG WDNLQJ WKHVH RSWLPL]HG SDUDPHWHUV IRU WKH $O6L 1 FRPSRVLWH
PDWHULDOVFRQVLGHUHGLQWKHFDVHVWXG\7KHUHVXOWVREWDLQHGIURPWKHFRQILUPDWLRQUXQVDUH WDEXODWHGLQWKHEHORZ
7DEOH
)RUP WKH 7DEOH RQH FDQ REVHUYH WKDW WKH RSWLPL]HG SDUDPHWHUV KDYH FRQVLGHUDEOH HIIHFW RQ WKH UHVSRQVH
YDULDEOHV VXUIDFH URXJKQHVV 5D5W5] FLUFXODULW\ DQG F\OLQGULFLW\ IRU $O6L1 FRPSRVLWH PDWHULDO 7KH VXUIDFH
URXJKQHVV 5D ZDV P IRU LQLWLDO VHWWLQJV RI SDUDPHWHUV DQG WKH YDOXH KDV EHHQ UHGXFHG WR P DIWHU
VHWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVWRRSWLPL]HGYDOXHV6LPLODUO\WKHVXUIDFHURXJKQHVV 5W 5] ZDVP DQGP IRU
LQLWLDO VHWWLQJV RI SDUDPHWHUV DQG DIWHU VHWWLQJ SDUDPHWHUV WR RSWLPL]HG YDOXHV WKH YDOXH KDV EHHQ UHGXFHG WR
P DQG P UHVSHFWLYHO\ 6LPLODUO\ FLUFXODULW\ LV LPSURYHG IURP PP WR PP DQG
F\OLQGULFLW\LVDOVRLPSURYHGIURPPPWRPP
B.M. Umesh gowda et al. / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 2207 – 2214 2213
&RQFOXVLRQ
7KH SUHVHQW VWXG\ ZDV FRQFHUQHG ZLWK GULOOLQJ RI YDULRXV YROXPH RI 6L 1 LQ DOXPLQLXP VLOLFRQ QLWULGH
PDWHULDO7KHPDFKLQHXVHGWRFRQGXFWWKHH[SHULPHQWZDVDXWRPDWLFGULOOLQJPDFKLQHWRRO7KHH[SHULPHQWVZHUH
SHUIRUPHGEDVHGRQ/ RUWKRJRQDODUUD\7KHLQSXWSDUDPHWHUV ZHUHYROXPHRI6L1 &XWWLQJ
6SHHG USP )HHG UDWH PPUHY 'LDPHWHU RI GULOO ELW PP DQG
0DFKLQLQJWLPH VHF DQGWKHUHVSRQVHYDULDEOHV ZHUH6XUIDFHURXJKQHVV&LUFXODULW\DQG&\OLQGULFLW\
$IWHU WKH H[SHULPHQW FRQGXFWHG UHVSRQVH YDULDEOHV ZHUH WDEXODWHG DQG DQDO\VLV ZDV FRQGXFWHG 6LQJOH REMHFWLYH
RSWLPL]DWLRQ ZDV SHUIRUPHG EDVHG RQ 7DJXFKL¶V WHFKQLTXH $IWHU WKH SURFHVV SDUDPHWHUV DUH RSWLPL]HG $129$
ZDVSHUIRUPHGWRGHWHUPLQHWKHUHODWLYHPDJQLWXGHRIWKHHDFKIDFWRURQREMHFWLYHIXQFWLRQV
7KHIROORZLQJDUHWKHLPSRUWDQWFRQFOXVLRQVGUDZQIURPWKHSUHVHQWZRUN
L 6WDWLVWLFDO DQDO\VLV RI GDWD SHUWDLQLQJ WR GLPHQVLRQDO GHYLDWLRQ KDV VKRZQ WKDW WKH PLQLPXP GLDPHWHU RI
GULOOELW PP LVUHTXLUHGWRPLQLPL]HWKH GLPHQVLRQDO GHYLDWLRQ
LL $O6L1 FRPSRVLWH PDWHULDO KDV WR EH GULOOHG ZLWK ORZ FXWWLQJ VSHHG USP DQG ORZ )HHG UDWH
PPUHY WRVXVWDLQFLUFXODULW\GHYLDWLRQZLWKLQWKHOLPLWV
LLL 5HODWLYHO\KLJKHUFXWWLQJVSHHG USP DQGORZHU IHHG UDWH PPUHY DUH UHTXLUHGWRREWDLQJRRG
VXUIDFHILQLVK
LY $O6L1 FRPSRVLWH PDWHULDO KDV WR EH GULOOHG ZLWK ORZ FXWWLQJ VSHHG USP DQG KLJK IHHG UDWH
PPUHY WRPLQLPL]HWKHF\OLQGULFLW\GHYLDWLRQ
Y %\FRPSDULQJWKHGHOWDYDOXHRI5D5W DQG5]WKH IHHG UDWHKDV PRUHHIIHFWRQ5W IROORZHGE\5D DQG5]
YL %DVHGRQ GHOWD YDOXHWKH FXWWLQJ VSHHGDQG IHHG UDWHKDVPRUHLPSDFWRQ FLUFXODULW\ WKDQ F\OLQGLFLW\
YLL 7KHIDFWRU FXWWLQJ VSHHGKDVWKHODUJHVWHIIHFWRQ FLUFXODULW\WKHIDFWRU IHHG UDWHKDVWKHODUJHVWLQIOXHQFHRQ
VXUIDFHURXJKQHVV DQGWKHIDFWRU IHHG UDWHKDVWKHODUJHVWLQIOXHQFHRQ F\OLQGULFLW\
$IWHUWKHFRQILUPDWLRQH[SHULPHQWLWZDVFRQFOXGHGWKDW WKH RSWLPL]HGSDUDPHWHUVKDYHVKRZQJRRGUHVXOWVVR
WKHVHSDUDPHWHUVFDQEHXVHGWRDFKLHYHJRRGVXUIDFHILQLVKFLUFXODULW\DQG F\OLQGULFLW\ WKDQEHIRUH
5HIHUHQFHV
$ODNHVK 0DQQD DQG .DQZDOMHHW 6LQJK ³$Q H[SHULPHQWDO LQYHVWLJDWLRQ RQ GULOOHG KROH VXUIDFH GXULQJ GULOOLQJ RI $O 6L& 00&´
,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI6XUIDFH(QJLQHHULQJDQG0DWHULDOV7HFKQRORJ\O
'KDYDPDQL & DQG $OZDUVDP\ 7 ³2SWLPL]DWLRQ RI &XWWLQJ 3DUDPHWHUV RI &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV XVLQJ *HQHWLF $OJRULWKP´ (XURSHDQ
-RXUQDORI6FLHQWLILF5HVHDUFK
*XO 7RVXQ DQG 0HKWDS0XUDWRJOX ³7KH GULOOLQJ RI $O6L&S PHWDO±PDWUL[FRPSRVLWHV 3DUW,, ZRUNSLHFH VXUIDFH LQWHJULW\´ &RPSRVLWHV
6FLHQFHDQG7HFKQRORJ\ SS±
+RFKHQJ + DQG 7VDR & & ³7KH SDWK WRZDUGV GHODPLQDWLRQIUHH GULOOLQJ RI FRPSRVLWH PDWHULDOV´ -RXUQDO RI 0DWHULDOV 3URFHVVLQJ
7HFKQRORJ\±
,VODP015DIL1+DQG&KDURRQ3 ³$Q,QYHVWLJDWLRQ,QWR(IIHFWRI&DQQHG&\FOHVRQ'ULOOHG+ROH4XDOLW\´3URFHHGLQJVRIWKH:RUOG
&RQJUHVVRQ (QJLQHHULQJ/RQGRQ8.,:&(
.LOLFNDS ( ³2SWLPL]DWLRQ RIFXWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV RQGHODPLQDWLRQ EDVHG RQ 7DJXFKL PHWKRGGXULQJGULOOLQJ RI *)53 FRPSRVLWH´ ([SHUW
6\VWHPVZLWK$SSOLFDWLRQV ±
/DXUHQ 7LX 0LKDLO ³5REXVW 2SWLPL]DWLRQ RI WKH &\OLQGULFLW\ 'HYLDWLRQ IRU WKH 'HHS +ROH 'ULOOLQJ 3URFHVV RQ )OH[LEOH 0DQXIDFWXULQJ
6\VWHPV´,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ(FRQRPLF(QJLQHHULQJDQG0DQXIDFWXULQJ6\VWHPV%UDVRY
0DGKDY63KDGNH³4XDOLW\(QJLQHHULQJXVLQJ5REXVW'HVLJQ´3UHQWLFH+DOO(QJOHZRRG&OLIIV1HZ-HUVH\86$
2214 B.M. Umesh gowda et al. / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 2207 – 2214